THE BIODIALOG CHALLENGE: EXHIBITION AND HACKATHON ON BIODIVERSITY INFORMATICS - BIODIALOG - FUSION

The BioDialog Challenge: Exhibition
  and Hackathon on Biodiversity             2018   November
            Informatics
                                                        Assiut, EGYPT.
               BioDialog

Impact of Water Pollution on Biodiversity
       (Case study: Nano-waste)

        Alexandria University,
               Egypt

Water Pollution- Biodiversity

              2

Team work

                                     Dr. Manal Eloffy
      Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering , Chemical engineering department
                                 PhD in Chemical Engineering
                                     Environmental Studies
  The main field : water and wastewater treatment, Desalination process and its impact on
                                          environment
Nanotechnology and nanomaterials and its applications specially in water and desalination and
                                its impact on the environment
                               Participated in a lot of projects
                                        (TriNex project)
                             (Egypt Water Desalination Alliance)
               (Anticipatory Flood Management in Alexandria Egypt (AFMA))

Eng. Hifaa Zakaria
Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering , Chemical engineering
                            department
               PhD student in Chemical Engineering
     The main field of study: water treatment and desalination
                            From Sudan

Chemist. Mohamed Nabil
                           PhD student in Science
                  Alexandria University, Faculty of Science ,
                        Special Chemistry department
        The main points: natural polymers ,synthesis organic material ,
                      water and wastewater treatment,
spectroscopy techniques and its applications specially in water and its impact on
                               the environment

Eng. Mohamed Elnemr
Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering , Chemical
               engineering department
        MSc student in Chemical Engineering
                Environmental Studies

Mostafa Sayed

Alexandria University, Faculty of Science , Botany & Microbiology
                           department
                    MSc student in Science
          The main field of study: Ecological Genetics

Acknowledgement

                     Mohamed Tmar
Sfax University, Higher Institute of Computer Science & Multimedia
              Associate Professor in Computer science
         The main field of research: Information retrieval

Acknowledgement

                         Tarek Zlitni
 Sfax University, Higher Institute of Computer Science & Multimedia
               Associate Professor in Computer science
The main field of research: Image processing, automatic video analysis

Problem Definition
Biodiversity Loss/Pollution

Problem Challenges

 - Environment Challenge

  - Food Challenge

  - Health Challenge

  - Economy Challenge

  - Security Challenge

                           11

Project Objectives

    This project aims to monitor the pollution in coastal, surface water and
    marine and study its impact on biodiversity loss.

    To establish the environmental monitoring of marine ecosystems
    parameters and their effects on the biodiversity and updating into a
    database according to geographical priority to promote the biodiversity in
    Egypt.
    Study different techniques for water treatment to reduce its effect on
    biodiversity.

    Increasing the dissemination and awareness by the effect of pollution on
    biodiversity and its challenges.

SWOT Analysis                       “Strengths” :

                                      Benefits of Biodiversity.
    Actual industrial state
                                      “Weaknesses”

                                      Impact of water pollution on Biodiversity
     Strengths           Weaknesses

                 S   W                Opportunities”
                 O   T
                                      Proposed techniques of water treatment
   Opportunities          Threats

                                      “Threats”

Trends and vision in the sector       Impact of water treatment methods

Sources of water Pollution
 Agriculture Pollution

 Industrial Pollution

 Domestic Pollution

 Tourism as a source of marine pollution.

Type of water Pollution

Nutrients & Phosphates

Toxic and None-toxic Heavy Metals

Hydrocarbons

Pesticides

Nano-waste

Thermal pollution

Pollution Hotspots and non Polluted Areas in Egypt

1- Mediterranean Sea
Sallum – Sidi Barrani – Matrouh – El
Aleman – Alexandria – Rashid – Damietta –
Port Said.

2- Red Sea
Suez - Ras Gharib – Hurgada – Safaga -
Qusier – Marsa Alam – Shalateen – Abu
Ramad.

3- Nile River

Methodology
This program aims at the following:

      Monitoring

      Assessment

      Treatment

      Database

Samples Collection and Sampling Program

Marine Sampling: water & Sediments & wave & Current & Salinity & pH &
Temperature & Conductivity depth and distribution of fisheries.

Water characteristics of the different stations, TDS, DO, COD, BOD, etc.
Zooplankton samples are collected from 50 liters of water using 55 µm
mesh size plankton net.
Land Sampling: Depth to groundwater & Saltwater intrusion (Geophysical Tools)
& Type of sediments and Ore deposits (Geological Tools) which deposits at the
marine environment and distributed of different agriculture crops which suitable
at different conditions (type of water and sediments).

Assessment of Pollution (indicators)

• Sewage.
• Persistent Organic Pollutants.
• Heavy metals.
• Nutrients.
• Oil (Hydrocarbons).
• Sediment Mobilization.

Case study

Disadvantages of Nanomaterials

Difficulty in synthesis - It is extremely hard to retain the size of
nanoparticles once they are synthesized in a solution.
Biologically harmful – Nano-materials are usually considered
harmful as they become transparent to the cell-dermis.
Recycling and disposal - There are no hard-and-fast safe
disposal policies evolved for nano-materials.
Instability of the particles .
Fine metal particles act as strong explosives owing to their high
surface area coming in direct contact with oxygen.
Impurity - Because nanoparticles are highly reactive, they inherently
interact with impurities.

Nano-toxicology Issues
• All substances, from arsenic to table salt are toxic to cells,
  animals or people at some exposure level.
• The toxicity and exposure metrics are traditionally driven by
  mass of the particle composition, but in the case of
  nanoparticles, the metrics are far more complex.
• The particle number, particle size, surface area, shape,
  crystal structure, surface charge
• It is essential to characterize the expected concentrations of
  engineered nanoparticles that may be present in
  the air, water and soil.
• Who is exposed to nanomaterials
• How may people be exposed to engineered
• nanoparticles and in what quantities?

Environmental Toxicity

• Environmental risks associated with nanomaterials are not well characterized.
• Nanoparticle pollution, by deposition of nanoparticle in groundwater & soil.
• Process that control transport & removal of nanoparticles in water and waste
  water are yet to be investigated.
• Studies on the effect of nanoparticles on plants and microbes are also rare.
• To date, few studies have investigated the toxicological and environmental
  effects of direct and indirect exposure to nanomaterials and no clear guidelines
  exist to quantify these effects.

Environmental impact

Emissions of Pollutants
     from Nano-waste
    Disposal of Nano-waste
     through incineration
     produces hazardous
          pollutants.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PAHs)Chlorinated Dioxins
and Furans (PCDFs)

•   can induce cancer,
•   can cause mutations in genetic material,                        The small size of nanomaterials
•   and can interfere with the proper functioning of hormones.      and their large surface area may
•   In addition, some of these compounds can remain in the             enhance the formation of
    environment for a long time and be transported long distances        hazardous pollutants.
    from where they were originally released.                       Air pollution control equipment

Nanomaterials - human
      health risk
Absorption & Translocation
Potential biological effects Bioaccumulation
 Allergy
 Fibrosis
 Deposition in different organs(lead to
   organ failure)
 Inflammation
 Cytotoxicity
 Tissue damage
 ROS generation
 DNA damage
 By 2020, there will be 6 million workers Nanomaterials are more easily taken up by the
   in nano-science and manufacturing         human body and can cross biological membranes,
   worldwide                                 cells, tissues and organs more efficiently than
                                             larger particles.

Treatment of
Nanomaterials in the
Aquatic Mediums by
 CFS/Ultrafiltration
 Membrane System

Schematic diagram of pre-treatment coagulation/flocculation/UF-HF membrane system.

Efficiency of Nanomaterial removal

• Membrane life is a function of feed water source, pretreatment, frequency of cleaning,
  system design, and operating conditions.
• Cost savings are more pronounced at lower backwash frequencies.

            Influence of backwash of membrane (BW) capacity and time life of membrane

How long can I expect
membranes to last in my
system?
Informatics answered this
question

 Magnafloc 10
 Y= - 0.41X + 88.28
 Dynafloc 30
 Y= - 0.69X + 94.8
• Flux is the index of the life
  time of membrane

• if the flux reached to 30%
  of initial value , the usage
  of membrane becomes
  costly

Recommendations

(Material Safety Data Base) MSDS
 Information sharing to keep a safe
    (Personal Protective Equipment) PPE
       Safety Engineering Equipment
         Disposal of nanomaterials ( nano-waste )

For more information…..

     Contact me:

      Manal_Eloffy@yahoo.com
      +201226150501
      https://www.facebook.com/manal.eloffy

                           33