The Role of CERMESA in Internationalization of Higher Education and Student Mobility in Africa

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Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy
                                                                                                       Abbreviated Key Title: J Adv Educ Philos
                                                                                            ISSN 2523-2665 (Print) |ISSN 2523-2223 (Online)
                                                                                  Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
                                                                                                Journal homepage: https://saudijournals.com

                                                                                                                          Review Article

The Role of CERMESA in Internationalization of Higher Education
and Student Mobility in Africa
Barasa Samson Omachar, Ph.D1*, Eunice Majanga, Ph.D2, Philip Mukonyi, Ph.D3
1
  Dr. Barasa Samson Omachar, Lecturer, Department of Educational Foundations- Moi University
2
  Dr. Eunice Majanga, Lecturer, Department of Educational Foundations -Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology
3
  Dr. Philip Mukonyi, Lecturer, Department of Educational Foundations -Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.36348/jaep.2021.v05i06.004                               | Received: 16.05.2021 | Accepted: 23.06.2021 | Published: 30.06.2021
*Corresponding author: Dr. Barasa Samson Omachar, PhD

    Abstract
This study focuses on the influence of institutional policies on student’s mobility in the context of internationalization of
higher education in DAAD established East and South African-German Centre of Excellence for Educational Research,
Methodologies and Management – CERMESA member universities. This is a comparative study based on four case
studies namely Moi University in Kenya, University of Dar Es Salaam in Tanzania, Uganda Management Institute and
Nelson Mandela University in South Africa. This study has revealed how institutional policies have influenced student
mobility in an organised setting making a reality anchored on internationalization of higher Education. The study was
guided by the following objectives; to examine student mobility trends among CERMESA member Universities; to
establish the role of CERMESA in enhancing student mobility in Africa; to assess the influence of institutional policies
on student mobility in CERMESA member universities. Based on the above objectives the study answered the following
questions: What is the trend of student mobility among CERMESA member universities? What is the role of CERMESA
in enhancing student mobility in Africa? To what extent do university policies among CERMESA member universities
accommodate student mobility? Recently cross border and inter regional movement of people has been characterized by
increasing trends of student mobility in higher education. This has been actualised further through educational
partnership among African states; CER-MESA is one of eleven centres of African excellence in sub-Saharan Africa, but
no study has been done on the contribution of such organizations in establishing student mobility and regional integration
in Africa a gap this study has filled.
Key words: Mobility, Integration, Regional, Internationalization.
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original
author and source are credited.

1. INTRODUCTION                                                              2. CERMESA PROGRAM
          This section focuses on how Selected                                         Participants (n=7) and Participants (n=5)
CERMESA institutions promote mobility of students                            explained that CERM-ESA can be considered as a
across the borders respectively. All the universities in                     universal development socio economic project that
this study namely University of Dar es Salaam in                             brings together nations through individual universities
Tanzania, Nelson Mandela University in South Africa,                         guided with the key objectives such as to establish
Moi University in Kenya and Uganda Management                                global academic centre of excellence in educational
Institute in Uganda seem to promote student mobility.                        research methodologies and management that is a
This is a clear justification of why there are more                          scientific society through organized academic and
African foreign students in CERMESA member                                   knowledge based scientific projects. Participants (n=7)
universities. From the data obtained, it is clear that                       points out that this is an international organization with
generally very little is done to promote                                     clearly set mandate as outlined by Malve, Kurgat and
students‘mobility in Africa however University of Dar                        Speck (2017), who point out that the:-
es Salaam, Nelson Mandela University, Moi University                                   The specific project objectives …………..
and Uganda Management Institute have put in place                                      Illustrate the academic rationale of this
considerable efforts that promote student mobility.                                    international cooperation:  Research
                                                                                       Programme: Advancing and expanding
                                                                                       excellent and innovative educational research
                                                                                       on methodologies, instruction techniques, and
Citation: Barasa Samson Omachar et al (2021). The Role of CERMESA in Internationalization of Higher Education and                           165
Student Mobility in Africa. J Adv Educ Philos, 5(6): 165-169.
Barasa Samson Omachar et al., J Adv Educ Philos, Jun, 2021; 5(6): 165-169
         management strategies for African contexts.                        international organizational objectives. This explains
         Academic Programme: Teaching and training                           how the concept of internationalization of higher
         of future educational leaders in terms of                           education, globalization of education and engagement
         research       methodologies,          innovative                   in education are critical issues to CERMESA
         management solutions, and instruction                               academic rationale and objectives, structure and
         techniques at master’s and doctoral levels.                        collaboration and , research methodologies.
         Staff Development Programme: Advancing
         capacity building and staff development in                                   CERM-ESA          is  operates    under      two
         academia      and     management         of   the                   fundamental global frameworks of internationalization
         participating universities in effective university                  of higher education institutions of learning which is a
         instruction and management for (future)                             focus of this study and higher education engagement
         leaders, and sustainable institution building.                      which is understood as the social responsibility of
                                                                             higher education institutions to form partnerships with
          From the above it’s clear that CERMESA plays                       other societal actors and communities, to foster research
a pivotal role in student mobility among member states.                      and interdisciplinary collaboration and impact
This comes in inform of special programs and services                        positively on the communities, the society and countries
for foreign students.                                                        the program is based. This assertion seems to find a
                                                                             niche in Malve, Kurgat and Speck (2017) who have
3.   Role of cermesa in enhancing student mobility                           argumentatively discussed the matter and whose work
     among member universities                                               has been discussed alongside the participant voices.
          A comparative analysis on the role of
CERMESA in enhancing students‘mobility trends                                         Participants (n=10) and (n=13) pointed out that
among selected CERMESA universities, University of                           the roles played by CERMESA in the four universities
Dar es Salaam, Moi University, Nelson Mandela                                tend to promote student mobility namely; Cooperation
University and Uganda Management Institute presents                          among member universities, research, academic and
a unique scenario of students‘mobility in Africa                             teaching and staff development. It should be understood
bearing in mind the number of foreign African students                       that it is this activities that promote and make this
in these institutions. Participants (n=10) and (n=13) in                     universities student mobility hubs and even influence
this study pointed out that focus of CERMESA                                 the development of student mobility policies. As
program is based on key as well as specific                                  tabulated in detail below

                                                  Table-1: Research role of CERMESA

              Role                               Measures and Activities     Contribution to                Contribution to
                                                                             Internationalization           Engagement

              Research                           4 umbrella topics and       - relevant topics for all      - focus on social change
                                                 research teams              partner regions                and improvements

                                                 Co-supervision of theses    - internationally              - advancing participatory,
                                                                             comparative topics             arts- based, action research
                                                                                                            and other forms of
                                                                                                            engaged methodologies

                                                 Participation in             cross-country /               - mutual support and
                                                 international conferences   collaboration in               ensuring best practice
                                                                             supervision

                                                 Participation in            - support for schools/         disseminating research
                                                 international conferences   faculties of education to be   methodologies and results
                                                                             internationally visible        from African contexts

                     4/30/2021                                                                                                 21

        From table 1 Participants (n=11) (n=7) and                           pointed out that this is done through haviving
(n=13) indicated that one of the roles of CERMESA                            international research schools that are alternately
that promote student mobility is research. Participants                      organised between Moi University and Nelson mandela

     © 2021 |Published by Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates                                                     166
Barasa Samson Omachar et al., J Adv Educ Philos, Jun, 2021; 5(6): 165-169
University. Participant (n=3) pointed out that in the                       (n=3) the program engages the staff in a joint
year 2019 students and staff from Nelson Mandela                            supervision with supervisors drawn from different
University, University of Dar es Salaam and Uganda                          member universities therefore the students stands the
Management Institute attendend aresearch school at                          benefit of gaining from different contexts. Supervisors
Moi University and in 2020 Nelson Mandela University                        and students from different countries are facilitated to
hosted all the other universities. It should be understood                  travel to member countries for supervision advisory.
that through research as pointed out by participant

                                        Table-2: Academic and Teaching role of CERMESA
                Role                       Measures and Activities     Contribution to              Contribution to
                                                                       Internationalization         Engagement

                Academic and Teaching      Annual CERM-ESA             •regular student and         -   focus   on    ethical
                                           schools on research         lecturer exchange            questions, engagement,
                                           methodologies for           •international               leadership and change
                                           scholarship holders         perspectives

                                           Students’ visits to co-     - international experience   - exposure to other
                                           supervisors                                              community outreach
                                                                                                    activities and methods

                                           New master’s                joint curriculum             - innovative,
                                           programme, Education        development, teaching        contextualized research
                                           Research, at Moi            and co-supervision           methodologies for social
                                           University                                               change

                       4/30/2021                                                                                       22

        In table 2 Similarly Participants (n=11) (n=7)                      the course at either Moi University or Nelson Mandela
and (n=13) noted that this role promotes students                           University and in some exceptional cases at their model
mobility by ensuring that learners cross border to                          university of Oldenburg in German. The mentioned
undertake studies in member universities. This                              graduate degree program includes Master of Education
movement according to participants tend to promote                          in Educational research, Doctor of philosophy in
students mobility. Participant (n=5) indicated that                         Educational research and Doctor of Philosophy in
CERMESA program has unique degree programs that                             Sociology of Education. This role also emphasises on
allows member universities to admit students but take                       students visits to co supervisors.

                                              Table-3: Cooperation role of CERMESA
                Role                        Measures and Activities    Contributions to             Contributions to
                                                                       Internationalization         Engagement

                4. Cooperation among        Biannual steering          •Regular cross country       Ensures:
                member universities         committee meetings:        meetings                     - that the programmes
                                            decides made by all        •Visibility at a host        are relevant and
                                            partners                   university                   beneficial to all partners

                                            Internationalization       - transfer of knowledge      - guidance and critical
                                            advisory board: experts    and expertise                reflection is provided on
                                            for Africanization                                      African contexts &
                                                                                                    methodologies

                                            Building a CERMESA         Forum for educationists      - a broad collaboration
                                            faculty: all alumni and    for all partner              and interdisciplinary
                                            participants               universities                 basis for the project

                                            Online learning platform   - online collaboration for   - sharing of resources
                                                                       staff and students           and best practices

                       4/30/2021                                                                                       24

    © 2021 |Published by Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates                                             167
Barasa Samson Omachar et al., J Adv Educ Philos, Jun, 2021; 5(6): 165-169
         In reference to table 2 and 3 of this study,                        effective university instruction and management for
Participant (n=3), Participant (n=1) and Participant                         (future) leaders, and sustainable institution building.
(n=4) pointed out that cooperation among member
universities plays a critical role in the promotion of                                 CERMESA policies seem to be a mobility
student mobility. Participants indicated that member’s                       beacon among CERMESA member universities.
states are engaged in biannual steering committee                            However the findings canvas students’ views on
meetings that are attended by members from all the                           students mobility higher education and on its three
other CERMESA member universities. They organize                             individual elements, which arguably demonstrates
regular cross country meetings. These activities are                         students’ comprehension of the process of student
seen to be critical in the promotion of student mobility                     mobility in relation to the concept of
among member states.                                                         internationalization of higher education. It also offers a
                                                                             hint of what is important for higher institutions of
         Participant (n=2), Participant (n=1) and                            learning as well as students in this context, which
Participant (n=8) pointed out that apart from the role                       helps the understanding of students motivations for
played by CERMESA individual institutions in this                            and expectations of their study abroad as well as their
study do engage in student exchange programme. It was                        ‘push and pull’ factors of mobility. It’s clear that
mentioned by participant (n=9) that that one university                      student mobility has a direct connection with ideas on
out of the four offered credit transfer to attract students                  the purpose, function and delivery of the higher
who want to study in that university, this case was not                      education institution. These can also help the analysis
found to exist in the three other universities. Therefore                    of students’ expectations in regards to their study
this study found out that the main means of promoting                        abroad; moreover, in terms of the delivery, students’
students Mobility is through participating in inter                          testimonies in regards to the knowledge and skills of
university programs such as through which interaction                        graduates can by extension be considered the ideal
among students may take place as well as students may                        outcomes of their cross boarder studies
be influenced to select programs in their/ participating
universities. Collaborations between universities should                     REFERENCES
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