THE STEM ISSUE Scientists grew this beef patty in a lab. Lab-grown meat could be the food of the future - Time for Kids
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FEBRUARY 28, 2020 ● VOL . 10 ● NO. 18 EDITION 5–6
THE STEM ISSUE
Scientists grew this beef patty in a lab.
Lab-grown meat could be the food of the future.
timeforkids.com
TH E BRIE F
ANIMAL S
TWO RARE
SEA DRAGONS
By Ellen Nam
Birch Aquarium, in San Diego,
California, announced two
new members of its aquatic
family on February 13. It has
hatched a pair of weedy sea
dragons. The aquarium is part
of the Scripps Institution of
Oceanography.
Though less than one inch
long when born, this rare
fish species can grow to 18
STACY REVERE—GETTY IMAGES
inches. It gets its name from
its seaweed-like appearance.
SLAM DUNK LeBron Weedy sea dragons are native
James scores during
the 2020 NBA All-Star to southern Australia. But
Game, in Chicago. due to climate change and
pollution, some have been
moved to aquariums to pro-
SPORTS tect them from danger.
ALL-STAR FACE-OFF Jennifer Nero Moffatt is a
senior director at Birch. “This
is a momentous event,” she
By Shay Maunz
to Lakers legend Kobe Bryant. Bry- says. “We have spent over
Basketball’s biggest stars came ant and his daughter Gianna were 25 years working with these
together in Chicago, Illinois, on among those killed in a helicopter animals and love that we have
February 16 for the NBA All-Star crash in January. “His presence was made the next steps to con-
Game. The competition has been felt,” James said. serve this delicate species.”
played every year since 1951. Teams Players on Team Giannis wore
are made up of the NBA’s top players. the number 24, which was Bryant’s
This year, Team LeBron played Team jersey number. Team LeBron play-
Giannis. The first team was cap- ers wore a 2. That was the number
BIRCH AQUARIUM AT SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY/AP
tained by LeBron James, of the Los Gianna wore for her youth basket-
Angeles Lakers, and the other was ball team.
led by Giannis Antetokounmpo, of There were new scoring rules.
the Milwaukee Bucks. At the end of the third quarter, 24
The game served as a tribute points were added to the number of
points scored by the leading team, to
Stop and Think! honor Bryant. This created a target
score of 157. The first team to reach
HOW is the NBA All-Star Game 157 would win. This made for an
different from a regular NBA game?
In sports news, the result is usually intense fourth quarter. Many fans
reported at the start of the article. said it was the most entertaining NEWBORN This weedy
sea dragon hatched
Why does this article end with it? All-Star game they’d ever seen. in February.
Team LeBron won 157 to 155.
COVER: MOSA MEAT
2 Time for Kids February 28, 2020
FOR THE RECORD
tweeted VIRGINIA RAGGI, mayor of Rome, Italy, on February 17. She was praising the
recent discovery of an underground shrine dedicated to Romulus. In Roman mythology,
Romulus and his twin brother, Remus, are said to have been the ancient city’s founders.
ABOUT 9FEET
is the number of
SATELLITES launched
into orbit from
Kazakhstan on February 7.
The satellites belong to
OneWeb, a London-based
is the length of the largest TURTLE SHELL ever communications company.
found. It was discovered in South America. They’ll bring high-speed
Scientists announced the find on February 12. Internet to areas where
The turtle, called Stupendemys geographicus, there is low or no
lived about 8 million years ago. connectivity.
DATA By 2028, the number of people in the U.S. employed in STEM (science, technology, engineering,
DEEP and math) jobs is expected to top 10 million. Some of these jobs might be new to you. Here,
DIVE check out four unique STEM occupations.
Storm chasers Flavor chemists
track extreme weather use natural and
events, such as artificial ingredients
hurricanes and to create or copy
tornadoes. They go flavors. Creativity and
to the location of a a strong knowledge
storm to gather data, of chemistry come in
NEWS STORIES MAY INCLUDE REPORTING FROM THE ASSOCIATED PRESS.
which can be used handy when making
to inform weather flavors for food,
forecasts and drinks, vitamins,
warnings. and other items.
Pyrotechnicians Cryptanalysts
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
are engineers decode secret
who design and messages.
test fire displays, They also write
smoke effects, and codes to protect
explosives, such as information from
fireworks. They also computer hackers.
make sure that fire Cryptanalysts
is safely handled often work for the
during shows and government, military,
performances. or police.
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP: PAUL AVIS—GETTY IMAGES (MARBLE); MIKE MAREEN—GETTY IMAGES; NGAGA35/GETTY IMAGES (MINT);
MIRAGEC/GETTY IMAGES (BOTTLE); WEERAPAT KIATDUMRONG—GETTY IMAGES; I LOVE PHOTO AND APPLE/GETTY IMAGES
GET MORE AT TIMEFORKIDS.COM.
3
COVE R SCIENCE
CHICKEN WITH A TWIST
At a 2017 tasting event in San
Francisco, California, Memphis
Meats serves fried chicken
made from cellular meat.
Some say cellular meat is good for the environment
and could feed a growing population.
CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT: MOSA MEAT; MEMPHIS MEATS; VYACHESLAV PROKOFYEV—TASS/GETTY IMAGES; DREW ANGERER—GETTY IMAGES
In March 2017, about 25 people were invited to a kitchen
in San Francisco, California, for a tasting event. On the
BACKGROUND: BESTBRK/GETTY IMAGES (HEXAGONS); KRULUA/GETTY IMAGES (DNA). HEADLINE FONT: VECTORTATU/GETTY IMAGES
menu? Fried chicken. “This is some of the best fried
chicken I’ve had,” one guest said.
The compliment was extra special considering the
source of the meat. It had been grown in a lab by scientists
from Memphis Meats. The company makes meat by
safely extracting cells from animals such as chickens,
ducks, and cows. Then it feeds the cells nutrients. Those
cells grow and multiply, forming muscle, which is meat.
Memphis Meats is one of several companies in the
United States and around the world making cellular, or
lab-grown, meat. Many people think it’s better for the
HIGH PRICE Mark Post, planet than raising animals for food. Others aren’t so sure.
chief scientific officer
at Mosa Meat, r eveals
the first lab-grown
WHY CELLULAR MEAT?
burger, in 2013. It cost The world’s population is expected to grow to nearly
more than $300,000 10 billion by 2050, according to the United Nations
to make. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). That’s almost
2 billion more people than there are today. Eric Schulze
Power Words
extract verb: to remove something by pulling it out
fossil fuel noun: a fuel formed in the earth by plant or
animal remains
4 Time for Kids February 28, 2020
FOOD SCIENCE Ochakov Food Ingredients Plant is a company in Moscow, Russia.
Here, one of its scientists grows meat from animal cells in a lab.
is a vice president at Memphis Meats. He thinks feeding CHALLENGES AHEAD
so many people will be tough. FAO says people could eat Not everyone is convinced that cellular meat will help
73% more meat in 2050. “With current meat production the environment. Alison Van Eenennaam researches
methods, there aren’t enough resources” such as land animal science at the University of California, Davis.
and water to meet that need, Schulze told TIME for Kids. She points out that fossil fuels, such as coal, are used to
Traditional meat production also requires lots of power cellular-meat production facilities. Burning these
cows. And cows release methane. This gas traps heat in fuels releases another heat-trapping gas: carbon dioxide.
the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change. “If we’re burning coal so that we can grow cellular
Raising cows and other livestock takes up space, too. meat,” she asks, “are we going backward?”
Currently, 77% of the world’s farmland is used to grow Cellular meat is not yet sold in supermarkets. Before
crops to feed livestock or for the animals to graze on. that can happen, it will need to be affordable. The first
Using more land for livestock will lead to deforestation. lab-grown burger, produced in 2013 by Mosa Meat, cost
But cellular-meat production requires fewer cows more than $300,000 to make. Costs are dropping. But
and less land. Schulze says the cells taken during one they can’t yet compete with regular ground beef, which
extraction can make more meat than “any single is about $4 a pound.
animal could ever produce.” Just how much land is The U.S. government will also need to pass
needed? “You only need the land required for the regulations to make sure cellular meat is safely pro-
facility” where the meat is made, Elliot Swartz told duced and properly labeled. Officials announced last
TFK. He’s a scientist at the Good Food Institute, a group year that they’re taking steps to do so, but it’s not
that promotes cellular meat and plant-based “meat” clear how long the process will take.
(see “Plant Power”). —By Rebecca Mordechai
Some people choose to not eat meat, or to eat less
of it. For them, plant-based “meat” is a tasty substitute.
To make it, scientists study why meat looks and tastes
the way it does. Then they use plants to copy these
unique qualities.
Companies like Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat
sell their plant-based products in grocery stores. You
can also find plant-based options everywhere from fancy
restaurants to fast-food chains such as Burger King,
Carl’s Jr., and Dunkin’.
HEAR THE STORY READ ALOUD IN ENGLISH AND IN SPANISH AT TIMEFORKIDS.COM.
5
E DUCATION Power Words
forensics noun: the scientific study
of the evidence of a crime
sound adjective: free from error
CYBER SLEUTHS GenCyber
students look for clues at
a pretend crime scene.
JACK BRADLEY
of them around the country. All are
free for students to attend.
Ibrahim Baggili runs a camp
at the University of New Haven, in
As cyberattacks grow common, called the National Security Agency, Connecticut. There, students learn
the U.S. is training a new or NSA. “The financial sector, the basics of programming using
generation of security experts. manufacturing sector, banking, Python, the coding language favored
health care, energy, transportation— by many hackers. They also learn
A United States Coast Guard facility they all rely on having sound about cyber forensics and defense
was attacked in 2019. Its monitor- cybersecurity,” Diane M. Janosek, for computer networks.
ing systems, cameras, and doors all of the NSA, told TIME for Kids. In one activity, students inves-
stopped working. The facility shut But the NSA has a problem: tigate a crime scene—a computer
down for 30 hours. The source of the There aren’t enough people trained where malicious, or intentionally
attack? An employee had opened an to do cybersecurity. According to harmful, code was used. Physical
email and clicked the link inside. a 2017 report from Cybersecurity clues lead them to a phone number.
The link contained malware, a type Ventures, there will be 3.5 million When they call the number, they’re
of software designed to damage unfilled cybersecurity jobs by 2021. given a Twitter account. Finally,
computer networks. To address the shortage, the NSA they must decrypt a message
Cyberattacks are becoming more and the National Science Founda- posted to the account. To decrypt a
common. There are many different tion sponsor cybersecurity camps coded message means to make it
types. For instance, attackers can for elementary, middle, and high readable.
use ransomware to block a user’s school students through a program “Cybersecurity is not a stagnant
access to his or her data. The data is called GenCyber. thing,” Baggili says. “Every day,
returned if the victim pays a fee. you’re going to be facing a different
A U.S. government agency works NEXT GENERATION challenge. Someone is going to
to protect the country’s computer The first GenCyber camps opened attack you, and you’ll have to defend
networks from these attacks. It’s in 2014. Today, there are some 150 yourself.” —By Shay Maunz
GET MORE AT TIMEFORKIDS.COM.
6 Time for Kids February 28, 2020
ME DIA LITE R ACY
A LOOK INSIDE Do you know what happens when you watch a video on YouTube? The site collects data about its users, such as what
kinds of videos they like and which other websites they visit. It uses this data to target viewers with ads.
YOUTUBE TROUBLE
YouTube has been collecting kids’ data being gathered, so they don’t
gathering data about the kinds of
sites you visit.
As part of an agreement with the
FTC, YouTube says it will limit the
think about it. “The Internet is so data it collects on videos for kids
data, raising privacy concerns. convenient, it’s easy not to feel a under 13. It will also require content
need to be careful,” says Walker. creators to identify videos made
Piper Leypoldt, 11, of Durham, Your data could be out there for- for children. This is so YouTube can
North Carolina, likes to watch cook- ever, Walker warns. You never know make sure it’s following the law.
ing videos on YouTube. Recently, who will access it. “The harm is a long- Advocacy groups say it’s not
she learned that the site collects term consequence,” she says. “We enough. They say YouTube needs to
users’ data, such as search history can’t see the danger until it’s too late.” decide if a video is for kids. Other-
and location. She’s not concerned. wise, “it’s like having a school play-
“Other websites I use at home and THE DATA TRAIL ground with no one responsible for
school also collect my information,” YouTube started in 2005 as a place watching the kids and making sure
she told TIME for Kids. for people to share videos. Google the equipment is safe,” Susan Grant
But advocates for kids’ online bought it in 2006. YouTube is struc- said in a statement. She works for the
privacy are concerned. In September, tured to keep people on the site. Consumer Federation of America.
YouTube agreed to pay a $170 mil- Artificial intelligence learns what For now, kids like Piper will need
ILLUSTRATION BY MATT COLLINS FOR TIME FOR KIDS
lion penalty. The Federal Trade videos you like and recommends to decide if watching videos on You-
Commission (FTC) said the platform similar content. The more you watch, Tube is worth the potential risks.
collected kids’ information and the more ads you see. Selling ad space —By Brian S. McGrath
used it to target them with ads. The brings in big bucks for YouTube. With reporting by TFK Kid Reporter Nora Wilson-Hartgrove
FTC said YouTube did this without The site uses bits of data that are
parents’ consent, which is illegal. stored on your device. They help apps Power Words
Kristen Walker is a professor and websites remember your device advocate noun: someone who
at California State University. She so you don’t have to sign in each time. argues for or supports a cause
studies how kids share information But they can also be used to track consent noun: permission
online. Walker says people can’t see your device across the Internet,
GET MORE AT TIMEFORKIDS.COM.
7
TIME OFF
CODING
HEROES
Kids’ creations come to life in a new
computer game called SuperMe. The
game was designed by students in
Chicago Public Schools. To make it,
they had to learn how to code. They
GOOGLE AND CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOLS
also drew their own superheroes.
Then they used coding to animate the
characters. Ian Fethiere, 11, was one of
the kid coders. He’s having fun with
his new skills. “I like making games
where you can jump over objects,” he
told TIME for Kids.
Chance the Rapper used SuperMe
as the video for “I Love You So Much,” his song with DJ “Chance called it ‘the cheat code.’ If you can learn com-
Khaled. He helped fund the coding project with Google. puter science, you’ve got the ‘cheat code’ for anything
“Exploring the intersection of computer science and you want to do—if you want to make music, if you want
arts was a fun way to work with Chance,” Justin Steele to make art, if you want to make technology,” he says.
told TIME for Kids. He’s the director of Google.org. —By Constance Gibbs
MAKING BREAKTHROUGHS
Throughout United States history, black women have faced
discrimination because of both their race and their gender.
Changing the Equation profiles more than 50 black women who
overcame obstacles to become pioneers in the world of STEM.
STEM stands for science, technology,
engineering, and math.
“STEM is the future,” author
TONYA BOLDEN told TFK. She wrote
FROM LEFT: HAYDEN R. CELESTIN; STEPHEN BLUE FOR TIME FOR KIDS
the book to teach readers about
the huge variety of STEM-related
careers they might pursue. It
features doctors, aviators, inventors,
mathematicians, and others.
Bolden also documents the
many hardships that these women
faced throughout their careers.
Changing the Equation is “a
celebration of black women in
STEM,” she says.
—By Karena Phan
TIME for Kids Edition 5–6 (ISSN 2156-9150 ) is published weekly from September to May, except for school holidays and two double issues, by Time USA, LLC. Volume #10, Issue #18. Principal Office: 3 Bryant Park, New York, NY 10036. Periodical postage paid at New
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