THE STOCKHOLM DECLARATION AND LAW OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
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THE STOCKHOLM DECLARATION AND LAW OF
THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Said Mahmoudi - 9789004481589
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via free accessSTOCKHOLM PAPERS
The Stockholm Declaration and Law of the Marine Environment is part of a
series of publications on oceans law and policy associated with the Center for
Oceans Law and Policy, University of Virginia School of Law. This volume is
based on presentations made at the Center's Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference
held at the University of Stockholm from May 22-25, 2002.
Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Said Mahmoudi - 9789004481589
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via free accessCENTER FOR OCEANS LAW AND POLICY
THE STOCKHOLM DECLARATION
AND LAW OF THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Edited by
Myron H. Nordquist
John Norton Moore &
Said Mahmoudi
MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS
THE HAGUE I LONDON I NEW YORK
Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Said Mahmoudi - 9789004481589
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via free accessA C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 90-411- 9940-3
Published by Kluwer Law International,
P.O. Box 85889, 2508 CN The Hague, The Netherlands.
sales@k1uwerlaw.com
http://www.k1uwerlaw.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2003 Kluwer Law International
Kluwer Law International incorporates
the imprint of Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any fonn or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Printed in the Netherlands.
Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Said Mahmoudi - 9789004481589
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via free accessCONTENTS
Prefatory Note .................................................................................................. ix
Note by the Editors ......................................................................................... xiii
Introduction
Said Mahmoudi ....................................................................................... 3
Professor
Faculty of Law, Stockholm University
Welcoming Remarks
GustaJ Lindencrona................................................................................. 9
President
Stockholm University
John Norton Moore .............................................................................. 11
Director
Center for Oceans Law and Policy
Keynote Addresses
Hans Blix .............................................................................................. 15
Former Swedish Foreign Minister
Bjorn Lomborg ..................................................................................... 25
Professor of Statistics
University of Aarhus
Hans Corell .......................................................................................... 43
Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs
Legal Counsel of the United Nations
Panel I: Impact ofthe Stockholm Declaration on International
Environmental Law Principles
John Norton Moore, Moderator
The Destiny of the Principles of the Stockholm Declaration ............................. 53
Alexandre Kiss
v
Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Said Mahmoudi - 9789004481589
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The Stockholm Declaration and the Structure and Processes
ofInternational Environmental Law ................................................................. 67
Jutta Brunnee
Impact on the Development of International Law on Cooperation:
The United Nations Law of the Sea, Straddling Stocks and Biodiversity
Convention ......................................................................................................... 85
Patricia Birnie
Panel II: Impact of the Stockholm Declaration on International
Environmental Institutions
David Anderson, Moderator
The Marine Environment and International Environmental Governance ....... 101
Geir Ulfstein
The World Trade Organization and the Marine Environment ........................ 109
Alan Boyle
International Financial Institutions and the Marine Environment:
A View from the World Bank .......................................................................... 119
David Freestone
Panel III: Regional Protection of the Marine Environment
Tullio Treves, Moderator
Regional Approaches to the Protection of the Marine Environment ............... 13 7
Tullio Treves
Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area-
The Impact of the Stockholm Declaration ....................................................... 155
Jonas Ebbesson
Soft and Hard Law Aspects of Fisheries Issues: Some Recent Global and
Regional Approaches ....................................................................................... 165
William Edeson
Regional Protection of the Marine Environment in the Northeast
Atlantic Under the OSPAR Convention of 1992 ............................................ 183
Rainer Lagoni
vi
Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Said Mahmoudi - 9789004481589
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Polar Seas ........................................................................................................ 205
Alexander S. Skaridov
Panel IV: Marine Environment in Enclosed and Semi-
Enclosed Seas
Anatoly Kolodkin, Moderator
New Forms of Cooperation in the Mediterranean System of
Environmental Protection ................................................................................. 223
Maria Gavouneli
The Black Sea: A Case Study in Regional Cooperation ................................. 237
Nilufer Oral
The Protection of the Marine Environment in the Adriatic Sea ....................... 257
Igor Vio
Panel V: Marine Environment Jurisdictional Issues
Choon Ho Park, Moderator
Jurisdictional Developments and the Law of the Sea Convention: Some
Observations on Vessel-Source Pollution ....................................................... 277
Kari Hakapiiii
Marine Environment Jurisdictional Issues: Coastal States .............................. 287
Erik Franckx
Flag State Perspectives .................................................................................... 299
Marie Jacobsson
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas: Current Developments ............................... 311
J. Ashley Roach
Panel VI: Science and the Marine Environment
Dolliver Nelson, Moderator
The Stockholm Declaration and Law of Marine Environment:
An NGO Perspective ........................................................................................ 353
Bertil Hiigerhiill
vii
Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Said Mahmoudi - 9789004481589
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Environmental Problems in the Aegean Sea ................................................... 359
Bayram and Ayaka Amaha Dztiirk
Of Scientists, Science and the Continental Shelf ............................................ 367
George Taft
Panel Vll: Sustainable Development and the Marine Environment
Satya N Nandan, Moderator
Three Decades' Progress in High Seas Fisheries Governance: Towards a
Common Heritage Regime? ............................................................................. 375
Moritaka Hayashi
Management ofthe Utilization of Living Marine Resources .......................... 399
Thorir Skarphedinsson
Iceland's Adherence to the International Whaling Commission ..................... 405
Stefan Asmundsson
Moratorium or Management? ......................................................................... 413
Ray Gambell
Replacing Bias with Reality to Achieve the Stockholm Declaration's
Dream of a Poverty and Pollution Free World ................................................ 427
Dick Monroe
Panel VIII: Future Developments
Alexander Yankov, Moderator
Some Future Developments in Liability and Compensation for
Environmental Damage at Sea ......................................................................... 437
Rosalie P. Balkin
International Challenges in Addressing Marine Environmental
Problems .......................................................................................................... 455
Mary Beth West
viii
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