TOWARD A NOVEL DESIGN FOR SPRAY DISINFECTION SYSTEM TO COMBAT CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) USING IOT BASED DRONE TECHNOLOGY
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica
2020, Vol. XXIX, N°5, 240-247 240
DOI: 10.24205/03276716.2020.1026
Toward A Novel Design for Spray Disinfection System
to Combat Coronavirus (Covid-19) Using IoT Based
Drone Technology
M. N. Mohammeda, Halim Syamsudinb, Nurul Aslamiah Hazairinc, Maryam Hakid, S. Al-
Zubaidie, Sairah A.K.f, Eddy Yusufg,h*
Abstract
The recent pneumonia spread brought about by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in China
is representing an incredible risk and proclaimed a worldwide emergency of public health.
The new type of coronavirus was identified as SARS-CoV-2 or known as novel coronavirus
(nCov-2019). It has spread to the world and infected people with Covid-19 disease. In
addition to the absence of explicit treatment as well as vaccine, covid 19 are currently
known to reveal a noteworthy environmental resistance. The transmission of the virus
was found to be spread through human-to-human that make it easily diffused. The
transmission comes from the droplets of infectee when sneezing or coughing. These
droplets can survive on the inanimate surface even in air (aerosol) and transmitted the
virus to human. Absence of remedy, high mortality, and transmission patterns of COVID-
19 include the development of robust and oriented means of prevention to halt the
spread of this virus worldwide. In the face of a shortage of particular antiviral remedy, it
is profoundly to develop efficient methods of prevention and confirm that existing means
are effective based on the field case.The aim of this study is to design and develop an
antiseptic- disinfection spraying system utilizing technology of IoT based drone. In
addition, the presented system has ability to disinfect large scale area with less time
consuming and minimal human interactions. It additionally proposes details of the range
of Antiseptics-Disinfectants and Denaturation that have been used in this operation.
Moreover, it underlines the tremendous potential of this technique and future trends for
future researches.
Keywords: Coronavirus; Covid-19; Disinfectant; Spraying Drone; IoT Technology;
Antiseptics; Denaturation.
1. Introduction
A new human coronavirus, which is presently fever or symptom like shortness of breath, dry
called SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as CoV-19), cough, sore throat, fatigue, myalgia, sputum
appeared in Wuhan, China, in Dec. 2019 and is production, arthralgia, headache, nasal congestion
currently producing a pandemic. Covid-19 is the chills, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea or in seldom
disease results from a new type of coronavirus situation results conjunctival congestion and
called n-Cov19 [1,3]. This virus found on the initial hemoptysis [5,6]. The transmission of the virus was
case at China and begin to spread to the world[2,4]. found to be spread through human-to-human that
Commonly, infectee of Covid-19 can suffer from makes it easily diffused. The transmissions came
from the droplets of infectee when sneezing or
aFaculty of Information Sciences and Engineering, Management & coughing. These droplets can survive on the
Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40100, Malaysia
b,c,d,fSchool of Graduate Studies, Management & Science University, inanimate surface even in air (aerosol) and
Shah Alam, Selangor, 40100, Malaysia
eDepartment of Automated Manufacturing Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi
transmitted the virus to human. There are two
college of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10071, Iraq types of droplet based on its size, the nuclei droplet
gSchool of Pharmacy, Management & Science University, 40100 Shah
(diameter ≤ 5 μm) and respiratory droplet
Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
hFaculty of Pharmacy, Jakarta Global University, Depok 16412, West (diameter > 5-10 μm) [7]. The nuclei droplet is the
Java, Indonesia droplet that can remain in the air for some period
*Corresponding Author: Eddy Yusuf. Email: eddy@msu.edu.my
of times due to its small size [7]. Airborne
REVISTA ARGENTINA
2020, Vol. XXIX, N°5, 240-247 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA
241 M. N. Mohammed, Halim Syamsudin, Nurul Aslamiah Hazairin, Maryam Haki, S. Al-Zubaidi, Sairah A.K, Eddy Yusuf
transmission can occur through this droplet in the effective based on the field case. The aim of this
specific circumstances [8]. Respiratory droplets can study is to design and develop an antiseptic-
be transmitted to someone with close distance to disinfection spraying system using IoT based on
infectee through sneezing or coughing [6]. The part Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) technology.
of the body like eyes, nose or mouth that exposed Furthermore, the proposed system has capability to
to this droplet can allow the virus to enter the body disinfect large scale area with less time consuming
(direct transmission) [7]. The indirect transmission and minimal human interactions. The design is
occurs through the inanimate surface where the equipped with optical camera for monitoring of
droplets lay on it [8,9]. Based on previous spraying and notifying pedestrian purpose and
researches on the endurance of the virus in speaker to have ability on communicating to
inanimate surface and also air (aerosol), the virus pedestrians. The IoT connect the drone to the
can remain until 3 hours on aerosol and 4 hours on phone to obtain the location of sprayed area and
copper. On the cardboard, it can take a day and up link the microphone on receiving the voice to
to 3 days on stainless steel and plastic [8]. The study broadcast by the speaker.
suggests to remove the virus using biocides like
hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, alcohol, 2. Methodology
or benzalkonium chloride [9,10]. Disinfected In this study, an antiseptic-disinfection spraying
surface using 0.1% sodium hypochlorite or 62-71% UAV is developed that include an automated drone
ethanol show significant reduction of coronavirus and sprinkling systems. In addition, the drone is
within one-minute exposure [9]. The study claims it privided with an optical camera and wireless
to be effectively against the coronavirus (SARS-CoV- speaker in order to give alerts and notifications. The
1) before and expecting a similar effect to 2019- phone will connect the obtained voice of the officer
nCoV [9] which found to have similar endurance to and broadcast it through the speaker. The camera
SARS-CoV-1 [8]. Absence of remedy, high mortality, can help monitor the environment situation. This
and transmission patterns of COVID-19 include the work flow of the proposed design will be coded to
development of robust and oriented means of the microcontroller. A drone E410S UAV
prevention to halt the spread of this virus Agricultural Spraying Drone with DJI E5000 Advance
worldwide. To prevent this flaw, an alternative Power Combo was used in this research. The quad
technology is needed with less human interaction copter movement around the axis includes pitch
to minimize the probability of virus spreading. (Backward and forward), roll (left and right) and
The internet of things (IoT) healthcare is yaw (clockwise and counter clockwise) as shown in
advanced worldview that help medical sector on figure 1. The drone speed and volume of sprayed
managing medical data and service as well. IoT liquid has been set at 1.5 m/s and 150 L/ha
technique is categorized into; remote monitoring of respectively. The flight of the drone will be
patients, remote tracking and monitoring of health, controlled by the embedded main board in the
sensor based devices for hand wash monitoring, UAV. The main board that will be used is a
and monitoring of interactive RFID activities [11– microcontroller to communicate with the four
13]. The mechanism that applied to IoT system in brushless motors. Brushless DC (BLDC) motor
medical is now advanced like smart sensors, connects with the rotors based on UAV
telemedicine, medical equipment, clinical configuration model. The Electronic Speed
information system, big data, cloud computing, etc controller (ESC) is used for speed control of BLDC
[11,12,14]. In order to improve the detection and motors. The movement UAV is tuned by the
diagnosis system of COVID-19, a recent studies, transmitter and receiver of Radio channel. The
which have auto and fast detection ability of operating manner of drone enables it to be easy to
coronavirus based on the thermal image with little handle. The android based mobile apps are utilized
human intervention, was developed by the current to control drone flight through an Arduino, Wifi
authors using IoT Based drone base [15], smart Module, Gyro, Gps, Accelerometer and Digital
helmet [16] and Smart Glasses [17]. In the face of a compass. The drives cause the down airflow that
shortage of particular antiviral remedy, it is raises the drone to assist the spraying process of
profoundly to develop efficient methods of antiseptic-disinfection as shown in figure 2. Full
prevention and confirm that existing means are details of system specifications are included in the
Table 1.
REVISTA ARGENTINA
2020, Vol. XXIX, N°5, 240-247 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA
242 M. N. Mohammed, Halim Syamsudin, Nurul Aslamiah Hazairin, Maryam Haki, S. Al-Zubaidi, Sairah A.K, Eddy Yusuf
a b
Figure 1. The configuration of quad copter plus (a). Cross configuration (b)
Figure 2. Disinfectant spraying drone sketch
REVISTA ARGENTINA
2020, Vol. XXIX, N°5, 240-247 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA
243 M. N. Mohammed, Halim Syamsudin, Nurul Aslamiah Hazairin, Maryam Haki, S. Al-Zubaidi, Sairah A.K, Eddy Yusuf
Table 1. Specification of disinfectant spraying drone
Disinfectant Spraying System
UAV Parts and Parameters Specification
● UAV Size (W*L*H) 570*570*500 cm
● Rotors 4 (quadcopter)
● Weight 10 kg
● Tank capacity 10 L
● Number of nozzle 4pcs
● Type of nozzle Fan shape
● Spraying efficiency 2 hectares/hour
● Flight speed 0-12 m/s
● Flight time 10-15 minutes
● Flight height 1.5-2 meters
Monitoring System
Monitoring parts Specification
● Optical camera module Camera
● Speaker module Gravity Digital Speaker Module
● GPS Module Minicon NEO-6M GPS Module
● Microcontroller with Wi-Fi built in Arduino
The combining UAV with spraying system Monitoring system requires an optical camera
provides possibility of a platform for best and speaker. The video captured by the camera will
management as well as vector control. This is be sent to the phone and the algorithm will identify
precise site particular application for a high scale the pedestrians. If the pedestrian is detected, the
area. Spraying process requires a pressure pump to system will give notification to the user. The
pressurize the disinfectant liquid to flow through speaker will be able to deliver the warning message
the nozzle. Triggering the pump as per the to the pedestrians. The communication from
requirement will be controlled by motor driver camera to phone or phone to speaker will be
integrated circuit. Furthermore, to make sure the controlled by a microcontroller that is connected to
sprayed disinfectant droplets cover the entire the Wi-Fi module. Moreover, on detecting the
sprayed area, calculation is needed for precision in pedestrians from the captured video, the algorithm
spraying. The capacity of spraying tank was 10 liters by OpenCV library will be applied [18]. The
whereas the limit of full takeoff payload for drone application on the phone will give the stream video
was 25 kg, which maintain for 15 minutes safety and location specification of the drone that was
journey that ensures sufficient spraying of two obtained from the GPS module. The user is also able
acres. The UAV system of Quad copter had fine to broadcast their warning through the built in
take-off and landing based in its independent mode microphone on the phone which will be output by
that achieved flying speed, height above ground, the attached speaker in the drone.
and level Spray lance width of: 0-12 m/s, 1.5-3M,
and 1800 mm respectively. The UAAS software 3. Result and Discussions
interface was utilized to control each of flight speed 3.1 Disinfectant Spraying Drone System
& height, overlapping spray span or precise spray, The module of drone control is in charge of
and turn time. management drone motion and plan. The drone
In this study, it is usual recommended to dilute was deployed from the base station by a pilot as the
5% sodium hypochlorite with 1:100 ratios. Utilize of drone’s journey must be monitored by the human
one bleach part to 99 parts of cold faucet water (i.e surveillance. The drone was designed to enable
1:100 dilutions) to disinfection the surfaces. The utilizing the GPS where it was mainly consisted of
bleach-water ratio has to be adjusted as needed to quad copter and spraying system for aerial
accomplish proper concentration of sodium disinfectant. The operating manner of drone
hypochlorite. For instance, for bleach processing enables it to be easy to handle. The Arduino will be
involving 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, utilize two running on the system. The GPS sensor itself
more bleach (for example 2 parts of bleach to 98 contains both accelerometer and gyro; with the
parts of water). help of three axis digital compass magnetometer
which is able to give the direction of the drone using
REVISTA ARGENTINA
2020, Vol. XXIX, N°5, 240-247 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA244 M. N. Mohammed, Halim Syamsudin, Nurul Aslamiah Hazairin, Maryam Haki, S. Al-Zubaidi, Sairah A.K, Eddy Yusuf
12C to interface with the Arduino. The GPS system which will control the objects’ location, rotate it,
will also be able to share data through wireless and be utilized as a switch. The sprinkling of the
medium. The accelerations, due to gravity, of X, Y, Z system involves two simultaneous sections: remote
axis is measured as voltages by using 3-axis IC and sprayer controllers. The remote controller
accelerometer to enable finding of the tilting angle. section is utilized to tune the sprinkler actuator and
In addition the accelerometer estimates the static activate the sprayer nozzle wherever there was a
and dynamic accelerated forces. The combination need to activate a sprayer. Sprayer model has two
of Accelerometer with the IMU gyroscope that is modules namely; a controller and spraying.
attached to the Arduino will supply panel output Disinfectant was sprayed through nozzle activation
and maintain the drone direction. The movement of by the controller section. In addition, the status of
the drone will be controlled using a servo motor tank is constantly verified. Figure 3 shows the drone
system configuration.
Figure 3. Disinfectant Spraying Drone System
3.2 Antiseptics-Disinfectants and Denaturation Information about coronaviruses transmissibility
The treatment absence, the high death rate and from toughed surfaces to hands was not identified.
the transmission kinds of SARS-CoV included the In any case, it could be appeared with a flu infection
development of effective and facilitated methods where a 5 s contact can move 31.6% of the viral
for avoidance to stop the overall spread of this burden to the hands [20]. Due to shortage of
infection. In fact, the SARS-CoV scourge has been particular antiviral remedy, it is important to
managed on account of fundamental general health produce new preventive methods in conjunction
measures, involving fast sensing and isolation, with maintaining that available means are effective
contact tracking, isolate and great preventive based on field case. Thus, suitable assessment for
control measures such as hand washing and efficiency of the antiseptics disinfectants is a crucial
utilization of individual protective device [19]. The matter [19].
infectious of human coronaviruses can stay on Basically, the activity of antiviral for antiseptic-
inanimate surfaces for as long as 9 days at room disinfectant is assessed by integrating viruses and
temperature. The period of persistence becomes the product to be examined for a suitably well-
shorter at 30°C room temperature or more. It has known and accurate contact period based on the
been shown that veterinary coronaviruses endure estimated utilize of the product (for example, hands
considerably longer for 28 d. The frequent tough of or surface disinfection). The activity of product and
surfaces in healthcare conditions are in this way a final cytotoxic is then neutralized and viral infection
potential wellspring of viral transmission. lost as a result of product activity is predicted. The
REVISTA ARGENTINA
2020, Vol. XXIX, N°5, 240-247 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA245 M. N. Mohammed, Halim Syamsudin, Nurul Aslamiah Hazairin, Maryam Haki, S. Al-Zubaidi, Sairah A.K, Eddy Yusuf
small surface area [21].
neutralizing of the disinfectants and antiseptics
activity does a major task in the testing operation; The disinfectant most commonly used for the
it maintains accurate contact period, eliminate the large area and surface is sodium hypochlorite (in
retained activity and cellular toxicity of the diluted form), or domestic bleach solution. Bleach
examined product, and effective recovery of viruses is a strong and efficient disinfectant for killing fungi,
that are not killed by the product. These tests bacteria, and viruses, involving influenza virus
necessitate suitable controls, particularly for which is suggested for disinfection of surface as
examination to viral infection viral due to the test health-care facilities [19-20]. Spraying low-
itself. It is additionally significant to check the concentration bleach-and-water mixtures from
performance of neutralization, elimination of drone is used in this study which is utilizing of one
cytotoxicity under frequent and defined test bleach part to 99 parts of cold faucet water (i.e
settings (for instance, temperature of environment 1:100 dilutions) to disinfection the surfaces.
and contact time). According to the American and Spraying low-concentration bleach-and-water
European regulatory agencies, it can consider that mixtures show significant antimicrobial activity
germicide has sufficient antiviral activity for which causes proteins to denature the covid-19.
disinfectant-antiseptic if it results, in a good- Denaturation is a procedure where proteins or
defined contact time, a lowering in titers' viral nucleic acids lose the structure of quaternary,
greater than 3 or 4 log 10 [19-21]. These are bound tertiary, and auxiliary which is available in their
to utilize disinfectants dependent on quaternary original state, by utilization of certain external
ammonium mixes, hydrogen peroxide or chlorine; pressure or compound, for example, a strong base
the European Center for Disease Prevention and or acid, an inorganic salt, a natural solvent (for
Control suggests the utilization of sodium instance, chloroform or alcohol), heat or radiation.
hypochlorite or items based on ethanol (minimum On the off chance that proteins in a living cell are
70%). According to the World Health Organization denatured, this results in interruption of cell activity
(WHO), alcohol is superior against flu infection. and conceivably cell passing. Protein denaturation
Ethyl alcohol (70 %) is an incredible expansive range is additionally an outcome of cell death. Figure 4
antiseptic and is viewed as commonly better than shows the schematic representation of virucidal
isopropyl alcohol but it is regularly utilize to sanitize mechanism [21-22].
Figure 4. Denature the covid19 mechanism
4. Conclusions and Future Work compromising of automated drone and sprinkling
COVID-19 is mainly transmitted via aerosols and systems. In addition, the drone is provided with an
droplets and inanimate surfaces can preserve the optical camera and wireless speaker in order to give
infectious for days at room temperature. alerts and notifications. The spraying system is
Information regarding coronaviruses connected to the lower area of the UAV that
transmissibility to hand by contaminated surfaces contain a nozzle under the antiseptic tank to spray
not identified yet. In the face of a shortage of the disinfectant in the downstream direction.
particular antiviral remedy, it is profoundly to Spraying low-concentration bleach-and-water
develop efficient methods of prevention and mixtures from drone is used in this study which is
confirm that existing means are effective based on utilizing one bleach part to 99 parts of cold faucet
the field case. Thus, suitable assessment for water (i.e 1:100 dilution) to disinfection the
efficiency of the antiseptics disinfectants is a crucial surfaces. The invention of the developed system
matter. Bearing in mind these facts, an antiseptic- gives notable significance especially in disinfect of
disinfection spraying UAV is developed large-scale area with less human interactions to
REVISTA ARGENTINA
2020, Vol. XXIX, N°5, 240-247 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA246 M. N. Mohammed, Halim Syamsudin, Nurul Aslamiah Hazairin, Maryam Haki, S. Al-Zubaidi, Sairah A.K, Eddy Yusuf
minimize the probability of virus spreading. source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-
Antiseptic-disinfection spraying UAV is so far in on-covid-19-final-report.pdf.
its early phase and it is a scope for more [7] WHO, “Modes of transmission of virus causing
advancement in the context of antiseptic COVID-19 : implications for IPC precaution
technology. This preventive impact must be recommendations,” 2020. doi:
precautionary taken into account during 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.5.
development strategies of antiseptic- disinfection. [8] N. van Doremalen, T. Bushmaker, Dylan H.
In fact, this usually includes a larger amount and/or Morris, and M. Phil., “Aerosol and Surface
concentration of the antiseptic-disinfectant Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with
product and hence, a larger toxicity. Therefore, an SARS-CoV-1,” N. Engl. J. Med., pp. 0–2, 2020.
effective disinfection operation must involve a pre- [9] G. Kampf, D. Todt, S. Pfaender, and E.
cleaning stage to remove these organic Steinmann, “Persistence of coronaviruses on
compounds. The early well-known fundamentals of inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with
antisepsis-disinfection, which just sanitize objects biocidal agents,” J. Hosp. Infect., vol. 104, no. 3,
effectively disinfected is still noteworthy process. pp. 246–251, 2020, doi:
This initial experiment may serve as a model for 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022.
other researchers looking to respond to the current [10] C. Geller, M. Varbanov, and R. E. Duval,
health crisis. Longer term, they can provide lessons “Human coronaviruses: Insights into
for how private and public health systems can environmental resistance and its influence on
integrate drone technology into their planning to the development of new antiseptic strategies,”
lessen any upcoming pandemics. Viruses, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 3044–3068, 2012,
doi: 10.3390/v4113044.
References [11] M. N. Mohammed, S. F. Desyansah, S. Al-
Zubaidi, E. Yusuf “An internet of things-based
[1] L. Yu, S. Wu, X. Hao, X. Li, X. Liu, S. Ye, H. Han, smart homes and healthcare monitoring and
X. Dong, X. Li, J. Li, J. Liu, N. Liu, W. Zhang, V. management system : Review An internet of
Pelechano, W.-H. Chen, and X. Yin, “Rapid things-based smart homes and healthcare
colorimetric detection of COVID-19 monitoring and management system :
coronavirus using a reverse tran-scriptional Review,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2020, doi:
loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT- 10.1088/1742-6596/1450/1/012079.
LAMP) diagnostic plat-form: iLACO,” medRxiv, [12] MN Mohammed, S Al-Zubaidi, SHK Bahrain, M
2020, doi: 10.1101/2020.02.20.20025874. Zaenudin, MI Abdullah, Design and
[2] C. Xie, L. Jiang, G. Huang, H. Pu, B. Gong, H. Lin, Development of River Cleaning Robot Using IoT
S. Ma, X. Chen, B. Long, G. Si, H. Yu, L. Jiang, X. Technology 2020 16th IEEE International
Yang, Y. Shi, and Z. Yang, “Comparison of Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its
different samples for 2019 novel coronavirus Applications (CSPA), 28-29 Feb. 2020,
detection by nucleic acid amplification tests.,” DOI: 10.1109/CSPA48992.2020.9068718
Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2020, doi: [13] E. Y. Nur Shazwany Zamani, M.N. Mohammed,
10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.050. Salah Al-Zubaidi, “Design and Development of
[3] World Health Organization, “Laboratory testing Portable Digital Microscope platform using Iot
for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Technology,” in IEEE International Colloquium
suspected human cases,” vol. 2019, no. on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA
January, pp. 1–7, 2020. 2020), 2020.
[4] M. Shen, Y. Zhou, J. Ye, A. A. Abdullah AL- [14] S. L. Fong, D. C. Wui Yung, F. Y. H. Ahmed, and
maskri, Y. Kang, S. Zeng, and S. Cai, “Recent A. Jamal, “Smart city bus application with quick
advances and perspectives of nucleic acid response (QR) code payment,” in ACM
detection for coronavirus,” J. Pharm. Anal., no. International Conference Proceeding Series,
xxxx, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.02.010. 2019, vol. Part F147956, pp. 248–252, doi:
[5] T. P. Velavan and C. G. Meyer, “The COVID-19 10.1145/3316615.3316718.
epidemic,” Trop. Med. Int. Heal., vol. 25, no. 3, [15] M. N. Mohammed, N. A. Hazairin, S. Al-Zubaid,
pp. 278–280, 2020, doi: 10.1111/tmi.13383. S. A.K, S. Mustapha, and E. Yusuf, “Toward A
[6] WHO, “Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission Novel Design For Coronavirus Detection and
on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19),” Diagnosis System Using IoT Based Drone
2020. [Online]. Available: Technology,” Int. J. Psychosoc. Rehabil., vol. 24,
https://www.who.int/docs/default- no. 7, pp. 2287–2295, 2020, doi:
REVISTA ARGENTINA
2020, Vol. XXIX, N°5, 240-247 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICA247 M. N. Mohammed, Halim Syamsudin, Nurul Aslamiah Hazairin, Maryam Haki, S. Al-Zubaidi, Sairah A.K, Eddy Yusuf
10.37200/IJPR/V24I7/PR270220.
[16] M. N. Mohammed, H. Syamsudin, S. Al-Zubaidi,
S. A.K, R. Ramli, and E. Yusuf, “Novel Covid-19
Detection and Diagnosis System Using IoT
Based Smart Helmet,” Int. J. Psychosoc.
Rehabil., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 2296–2303, 2020,
doi: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I7/PR270221.
[17] M. N. Mohammed, N. A. Hazairin, H.
Syamsudin, S. Al-Zubaid, S. A.K, S. Mustapha,
and E. Yusuf, “2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
(Covid-19): Detection and Diagnosis System
Using IoT Based Smart Glasses,” Int. J. Adv. Sci.
Technol., 2020.
[18] F. E. Sayadi, Y. Said, M. Atri, and R. Tourki, “Real
time human detection in video streams,” in
Recent Researches in Automatic Control,
Systems Science and Communications, no. May
2014, WSEAS Press, 2012, pp. 154–158.
[19] Geller, C.; Varbanov, M.; Duval, R.E. Human
Coronaviruses: Insights into Environmental
Resistance and Its Influence on the
Development of New Antiseptic
Strategies. Viruses 2012, 4, 3044-3068.
[20] G. Kampf, D. Todt, S. Pfaender, E. Steinmann,
Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate
surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal
agents, Journal of Hospital Infection, Volume
104, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 246-251,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022.
[21] Guideline I.World Health Organization.,
Infection prevention and control of epidemic-
and pandemic-prone acute respiratory
infections in health care, ISBN 978 92 4 150713
4,
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10
665/112656/9789241507134_eng.pdf?sequen
ce=1
[22] Samson AL, Ho B, Au AE, Schoenwaelder SM,
Smyth MJ, Bottomley SP, Kleifeld O, Medcalf
RL. 2016 Physicochemical properties that
control protein aggregation also determine
whether a protein is retained or released from
necrotic cells. Open Biol. 6: 160098.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160098
REVISTA ARGENTINA
2020, Vol. XXIX, N°5, 240-247 DE CLÍNICA PSICOLÓGICAYou can also read
