BAILHONGAL CITY BUS SERVICE EVALUATION - Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT)
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CITY BUS SERVICE
EVALUATION
BAILHONGAL
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT)
Government of Karnataka
City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 1
Table of Contents
1.0 Background ................................................................................................... 4
2.0 Introduction to the City.................................................................................. 6
Demographics ............................................................................................ 7
Land Use .................................................................................................... 7
Economy .................................................................................................... 9
Transportation ......................................................................................... 10
2.4.1 Nearest railway stations ..................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Nearest airport ................................................................................... 11
2.4.3 Vehicular Registration ........................................................................ 12
3.0 City Bus Services-Bailhongal ........................................................................ 13
4.0 Performance Evaluation ............................................................................... 14
Public transport facilities .......................................................................... 15
4.1.1 Presence of organized public transport system in urban area (%) ........ 15
4.1.2 Extent of supply availability of public transport .................................. 15
4.1.3 Service coverage of public transport in the city ................................... 16
4.1.4 Percentage of fleet as per urban bus specification .............................. 16
Financial Sustainability of public transport ................................................ 17
4.2.1 Extent of Non fare Revenue (%) ........................................................... 17
4.2.2 Staff /bus ratio ................................................................................... 17
4.2.3 Operating Ratio: ................................................................................. 17
5.0 Route-wise analysis – Facts and Findings..................................................... 18
Route 84/85/86 Details............................................................................ 19
5.1.1 Passenger Profile ................................................................................ 20
5.1.2 Operation Profile ................................................................................ 21
5.1.2.1 Cost of operation ............................................................................... 21
5.1.2.2 Load Factor ........................................................................................ 21
5.1.2.3 Trips per day...................................................................................... 21
5.1.3 Observations ...................................................................................... 22
Route 160 Details ..................................................................................... 23
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
Karnataka
City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 2
5.2.1 Passenger Profile ................................................................................ 24
5.2.2 Operation Profile ................................................................................ 25
5.2.3 Observations ...................................................................................... 25
Route 161 ................................................................................................ 26
5.3.1 Passenger Profile ................................................................................ 27
5.3.2 Operation Profile ................................................................................ 28
Route 162 ................................................................................................ 30
5.4.1 Passenger Profile ................................................................................ 31
5.4.2 Operation Profile ................................................................................ 32
6.0 Perceived Overview of Services..................................................................... 34
7.0 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 36
Public Opinion .......................................................................................... 37
Recommendations .................................................................................... 37
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
Karnataka
City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 3
List of Figures:
Figure 1: Location of Bailhongal .............................................................................. 6
Figure 2: Landuse Map of Bailhongal ....................................................................... 8
Figure 3: Connectivity Map of Bailhongal ............................................................... 10
Figure 4: Mode-wise Percentage distribution of vehicle ......................................... 12
Figure 5: Route Map of SUTF Buses ....................................................................... 18
Figure 6: Route Map of Schedule 84/85/86 (Bailhongal to Nesargi) ....................... 19
Figure 7: Route Map of Schedule 160 (Bailhongal to Inchal) ................................... 23
Figure 8: Route Map of Schedule 161 (Bailhongal to Devalapur) ............................. 26
Figure 9: Route Map of Schedule 162 (Bailhongal to Korrikoppa) ........................... 30
Figure 10: Perceived Safety.................................................................................... 35
Figure 11: Bus & Bus Stop facilities ........................................................................ 35
Figure 12: Overall Service Satisfaction of the City bus service ................................ 36
Figure 13: Unserved Areas .................................................................................... 38
List of Tables:
Table 1: Decadal Population .................................................................................... 7
Table 2: Landuse Distribution of Bailhongal Planning Area ...................................... 8
Table 3: Workforce Distribution............................................................................... 9
Table 4: Linkages .................................................................................................. 11
Table 5: Mode Composition .................................................................................. 12
Table 6: Route wise details of SUTF Buses ............................................................. 13
Table 7: Proposed Fleet Size.................................................................................. 39
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
Karnataka
City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 4
1.0 Background
In low and middle income towns, buses are likely to remain the primary mode of mass transit
for the foreseeable future. In most transportation scenarios, reliance on buses has a positive
impact on air quality because they pollute less per person mile and create less congestion
because of their smaller road-use footprint. However, the public prefer to use private vehicles
due to the various reasons including inefficient operation of city bus service in most of the
Indian cities.
Buses can operate over existing roadway facilities with minimum construction cost, offer
transit services at a much lower cost per passenger. Furthermore, buses provide the greatest
flexibility in service routes to meet the current transport demand. Thus, improved
performance of urban bus service could essentially contribute to improved environmental
conditions in medium sized cities by shifting mobility from private modes towards more
efficient environmental-friendly and safer travel modes. However, improvement in City bus
system is not an easy task due to the fact that city bus systems are affected by socio-
economic, financial, environmental, and political factors along with technological factors and
physical problems. Performance of a bus system is affected by several criteria, such as
increase in the number of buses, bus stops, and passengers, and changes along roadways and
in land uses. Therefore, the various issues causing inefficient operation of bus services needs
to be identified and also appropriate techniques/measures should be formulated to resolve
these issues.
The Government of Karnataka created the Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT) under
the Urban Development Department to integrate and coordinate all land transport matters
in the State. Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka, took up
the initiative of the introduction of city bus services in the Tier II cities. As a part of this
initiative, 6 no. of buses have been newly introduced at Bailhongal. In order to evaluate the
efficiency of the newly introduced services, performance evaluation was conducted for the 6
newly introduced City Bus Services partly funded from State Urban Transport Fund through
DULT for Bailhongal City.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
Karnataka
City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 5
In the above context, this study identifies some of the important issues related with the
performance of newly introduced bus system in Bailhongal city and also suggests some
solutions for improvement in the performance of the City bus system. Rapidly rising operating
cost in the City bus services have placed increasing emphasis on improved management and
better utilization of existing facilities. It is required to evaluate how well the existing city bus
system is providing services to the public. Therefore, new techniques to assist the evaluation
of performance of City bus services are needed. Thus, this study also presents some indicators
which can be used to evaluate efficiency and effectiveness of urban bus service.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
Karnataka
City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 6
2.0 Introduction to the City
Bailhongal or Bailahongala is a Taluk in Belgaum
district of Karnataka state in southern India.
Bailhongal Taluk is located in the northeastern
part of Belgaum. The Taluk headquarter is about
45 km from the district headquarters .The total
geographical area of the taluka is 1122.40 km².
There are 126 revenue villages and 14 hamlets
with a total population of 356,400 people,
according to the 2001 census. The town has a
population of 49182 as per the 2011 India census.
Figure 1: Location of Bailhongal
There are important pilgrim places in the taluk. These include Bhartinand Swamiji Math
Inchal, Sogal Someshwar Temple, Hafiz Bari Dargah, a Jamia Masjid etc. Also tourist attract as
it is a birthplace of freedom fighters like Chennamma and Sangolli Rayanna. A major part of
the agricultural land is controlled by the Malaprabha irrigation project.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
Karnataka
City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 7
Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Bailhongal had a population of 43,215. But in 2011 the population
was around 78,196 . Males make up 51% of the population and females 49%. Bailhongal has
an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 72% of the
men and 64% of women literate. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kannada is
main language spoken here. There are 126 revenue villages and 14 hamlets within Bailhongal
taluka. As of 2011, the average literacy rate is 78% with male literacy 85% and female literacy
71% of the total population. Bailhongal’s population has increased from 43215 in 2001 to
49182 in 2011 at a decadal growth rate of 13.78%.
Table 1: Decadal Population
Year Population Density
2011 49182 3216
2001 43,215 3387
1991 33,916 2657
(Source: Census of India 1991,2001,2011)
Land Use
The city has mostly residential land use. The public and semi-public land use majorly includes
various educational and religious organisations. The commercial and industrial land use is
distributed along with the major transportation links majorly along with SH 103. The table
below shows the percentage distribution of land use of Bailhongal town.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
Karnataka
City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 8
Figure 2: Landuse Map of Bailhongal
Source: Bailhongal Master plan (2021)
Table 2: Landuse Distribution of Bailhongal Planning Area
Type of use % Distribution
Residential 40.26
Commercial 8.64
Industrial 6.62
Public and Semi Public 13.58
Parks and Open spaces 1.91
Public Utility 1.17
Transportation 28.00
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
Karnataka
City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 9
Economy
Bailhongal is a major cotton ginning center in north Karnataka. The first cotton ginning and
pressing mill was established in 1911 by Late Mr. Prajwal wali, a young entrepreneur of the
town. He imported entire machinery such as cotton gins of Platt Brothers and hydraulic press,
steam boiler and turbine etc. from England. This was the most important milestone in the
growth and prosperity of the farming community of the region. Today many new and most
modern ginning mills have been established.
Agriculture is the main occupation of the Taluka. The crops grown mainly are cotton
groundnut, corn, jowar, wheat, maize, sugarcane etc. The Agricultural Produce Market
Committee is a marketing board established by the state government of Karnataka has a
market yard in Bailhongal since 1936. It facilitates farmers to sell their produce and get
reasonable price constituted APMC in many towns. Most of the APMC have market yard
where traders and other marketing agents are provided godowns and shops for the sale of
agricultural products from farmers. Farmers can sell their produce to agents or traders under
supervision of APMC. Bail Hongal also have 4 small industrial units. The following table shows
the distribution of main and marginal workers among various sectors.
Table 3: Workforce Distribution
Type of labour Cultivator Agricultural Household Others
Labours labours
Main 1142 1583 407 11459
Marginal 53 600 127 1278
Source: Census of India, 2011
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 10
Transportation
Road Transportation is majorly provided by North-
Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation
(NWKRTC) buses as well as many prominent private
buses which servers to all major destinations in
Karnataka. The city has excellent connectivity with a
number of major cities like Bengaluru, Pune,
Mumbai, Belgaum. NWKRTC provides bus service
from Bailhongal to Belagavi every 15 minutes.
Figure 3: Connectivity Map of Bailhongal
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 11
2.4.1 Nearest railway stations
There is no railway station for the city. Belgaum Railway station is the nearest railway station
situated at a distance of 45 kms. Approx. Two other railway station namely Dharwar and Hubli
railway station are situated within 53 kms and 77 kms respectively.
2.4.2 Nearest airport
Belgaum Airport at Sambra, which is the oldest Airport in North Karnataka situated around
40 km from the city.
Table 4: Linkages
Type of Linkage Name Distance from Bailhongal
Administrative (District
Belgaum 45 km
Headquarters)
Kanabaragi 47.6 km
Kangrali 49 km
Industrial
kakati 50 km
Honaga 53 km
Belgaum airport 39 km
Transportation
Dharwar Station 52 km
Gokaka 47.5 km
Educational
Saundatti 42 km
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 12
2.4.3 Vehicular Registration
The vehicular composition of Bailhongal City is as given below in table 1 below:
Table 5: Mode Composition
Type of Vehicles No of vehicles registered
Motor Cycle 117959
Jeeps 716
Cars 6662
Auto Rickshaw 1686
Omni Buses 1043
Goods Vehicles 6082
Others 26230
Total 159878
Goods Vehicles
4%
Others
Omni Buses 16%
1%
Auto Rickshaw
1% Cars
4%
Jeeps
0%
Motor Cycle
74%
Figure 4: Mode-wise Percentage distribution of vehicle
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 13
3.0 City Bus Services-Bailhongal
Small cities face a number of challenges in providing accessibility, the transportation
connections between the community, needs, and livability, the characteristics that make the
community a desirable place to live. Public transport is a critical element of urban transport
system. A great emphasis needs to be given to the public transport system because it offers
the most efficient utilization of limited resources – energy and land.
In this regard, a proposal for the induction of 10 buses were proposed by North Western
Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) and sent to Government of Karnataka
(GoK) seeking financial assistance. Considering the need and demand of the city for a
dedicated city service to cater the need of the urban population in Bailhongal, 50% of the cost
of the rolling stock requirement for city bus services was sanctioned. Under SUTF, the
remaining 50% of the amount was borne by KSRTC. Hence, the funding was done for the
augmentation of the rolling stock through Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), UDD,
Gok, as per the “Scheme of utilization of State Urban Transport Fund”. Out of 10 Buses, 6
vehicles are operational and 4 buses are yet to be procured. Based on the key nodes of
commuter transit, 6 initial routes were proposed. These routes connected one end of the city
to another end running through the periphery to periphery passing through the city center
and certain nodes. The routes and length and operational details is as shown in table:
Table 6: Route wise details of SUTF Buses
Schedule Name of the Routes Operational
Veh. No. No. / From To Route No of trips
Route No. Length
KA25 F3234 84 Bailhongal Nesaragi 18 16
KA25 F3235 85 Bailhongal Nesaragi 18 16
KA25 F3236 86 Bailhongal Nesaragi 18 16
KA25 F3237 160 Bailhongal Inchal 7 26
KA22 F2081 161 Bailhongal Devalapur 6 30
KA22 F2082 162 Bailhongal Korikoppa 13 18
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 14
4.0 Performance Evaluation
The growing challenges of the urban sector in India requires a system which can measure the
performance of urban transport activities and also address the performance monitoring for
internal decision making. With this perspective, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD)
framed a standard set of performance benchmarks which can help Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
and other agencies in identifying performance gaps and suggesting improvements through
the sharing of information and best practices, ultimately resulting in better services to the
people. Accordingly all JNNURM mission cities are advised to undertake the process of Service
Level Benchmarking. Service level performance indicators have been identified for various
areas like Quality and financial sustainability of public transport, Pedestrian / NMT safety and
infrastructure facilities, ITS facilities in a city to name a few, by the Ministry of Urban
Development (MoUD).
The Service level benchmarks (as per MoUD) for public transport system indicate the city wide
LOS provided by public transport system during peak hours. This would require indicators
such as presence of organized public transport system; bus route coverage, service frequency,
and percentage fleet as per urban bus specifications as far as the city perspective is
concerned. Therefore the parameters as per the MoUD guidelines to assess the service
initially were analysed for Bailhongal.
The service level benchmarks for the Public transport consists of two categories:
1. Public transport facilities :
a. Presence of organized public transport system in urban area (%)
b. Extent of supply availability of public transport
c. Service coverage of public transport in the city
d. Percentage of fleet as per urban specifications
2. Financial Sustainability of Public transport :
a. Extent of Non fare revenue
b. Staff/bus ratio
c. Operating ratio
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 15
Public transport facilities
4.1.1 Presence of organized public transport system in urban area (%)
Currently 6 buses are operated by North Eastern Karnataka Road Transport Corporation in
Bellary.
LOS 1 Presence of Organized
A = Total Number of Buses in the City – 6 buses. Public Transport
B =Total Number of Buses under the ownership of 1 >= 60
STU/SPV - 6 buses 2 40 - 60
Presence of Public Transport System in Urban Area 3 20 - 40
(%) 4 < 20
= (B/A)*100
= 100%,
Therefore, LOS1 = 1.
4.1.2 Extent of supply availability of public transport
A = Total Number of Buses in the City – 6 buses
B = Total Population of the city (2011 Census) – LOS 2 Extent of supply
49182 Lakhs. availability of public
transport
Availability of Public Transport / 1000 1 >= 0.6
Population = A/ (B/1000) = 0.121 2 0.4 – 0.6
Therefore, LOS 2 = 4 3 0.2 – 0.4
4 < 0.2
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 16
4.1.3 Service coverage of public transport in the city
A = Total Route length of the corridors on which the PT LOS 3 Service coverage of
systems ply in the city = 44 (in Road Kilometers). public transport
1 >= 1
B = Area of the Urban Limits of the City = 15.29 (in Square
Kilometers) 2 0.7 - 1.0
3 0.3 – 0.7
Service Coverage = (A/B)
4 < 0.3
= 2.87
Therefore, LOS 3 = 1.
4.1.4 Percentage of fleet as per urban bus specification
A = Total Number of Buses in the City – 6 buses
LOS 4 % of fleet as per
B =Total number of buses as per the Urban Bus urban bus
specifications in the city – 6 buses specification
% of fleet = (B/A)*100 1 75 - 100
2 50 - 74
= (6/6)*100
3 25 - 49
= 100%,
4City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 17
Financial Sustainability of public transport
4.2.1 Extent of Non fare Revenue (%)
From the collected secondary data, Operational
LOS 1 Extent of Non fare
performance and financial performance of NEKRTC
Revenue (%)
had been calculated.
1 >40
A = Revenue collections per annum from non-fare
2 40 – 20
related sources (From Dec 2015 to Aug 2016) (i.e.
3 20 – 10
excluding tariff box collections) – Rs. 37.91 lakhs
4City Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 18
5.0 Route-wise analysis – Facts and Findings
In addition to the overall evaluation of the city bus service, a route wise evaluation may be
necessary to understand the travel constraints in each route. This is essential as the constraint
of one route may vary from the other. The following section list out the schedule analysis
(both with respect to the passengers and operators) for the better understanding of the
overall operational efficiency of each route.
Figure 5: Route Map of SUTF Buses
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 19
Route 84/85/86 Details
This route is operated between Bailhongal Bus Stand to Nesargi Bus Stand with a total route
length of 18 km. The route have 15 designated Bus Stops from Origin to Destination.
Figure 6: Route Map of Schedule 84/85/86 (Bailhongal to Nesargi)
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 20
5.1.1 Passenger Profile
1. Most transit trips (38%) are made by the commuters of
age group 40-60 years followed by age group of 15-25 years
(33%).
2. The average income group of the commuters in Bailhongal
is about Rs.5001-10000.
3. Most transit trips are made by riders who use transit
frequently. About 76% of trips are made by people who use
transit at least five days each week and 19% of commuters
use Public Transit only during weekend.
4. Most of the trips made are of educational based trips
(41%) followed by work trips (36%).
5. An average waiting time of 5-10 min has been recorded.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 21
5.1.2 Operation Profile
5.1.2.1 Cost of operation
The cumulative earning and cost of operations for this route are as follows:
Route No EPKM CPKM
84 26.93 32.32
85 27.69 32.56
86 24.92 32.47
5.1.2.2 Load Factor
An average load factor of 57 % has been recorded.
5.1.2.3 Trips per day
The approximate number of trips made is 20 trips /day.
Sl No Particulars Details
1 No. of Schedules 3 nos
(84/85/86)
2 Scheduled Kms 18Km/day/bus
3 No of Trips 16 trips/day/bus
4 Average EPKM 26.51
5 Average CPKM 32.45
6 Average Load Factor (%) 57 %
7 Effective Revenue 0.32
Note: Assessment carried for operations between-Dec 2015-August 2016
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 22
5.1.3 Observations
1. Three schedules have been plying between
Bailhongal Bus Stand to Nesaragi namely Sch 84, Sch
85 and Sch 86, the first trip start at 7:20 am, 7:40 am
and 8:00 am respectively. The last trip for the Sch 84,
Sch 85 and Sch 86 ends at 19:05 pm, 19:20 pm, and
19:50 pm respectively.
2. The route mainly caters to many lower primary
school which are mostly adjacent to the bus route as
well as few high school. It also caters to major
Hamlets in between Bailhongal to Nesaragi from
which commuter comes to Bailhonagal for work
purpose.
3. Major land use around the route are agriculture (corn and paddy). No major
commercial or industrial industries settlements have present within the route except
schools.
4. The route caters to a large number of education based trips to and from the school
enroute. These trips are mainly concentrated during the peak hours.
5. Despite of the wide range of service provided by the operator, the competitions from
private jeeps/tracks could not been completely eradicated (only 50% reduction in the
number of private modes). The competition between private modes and city bus
services is most evident for this route.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 23
Route 160 Details
This route is operated between Bailhongal Bus Stand to Inchal Bus Stand and it covers a total
route length of 7 km. The route have 7 designated Bus Stops from Origin to Destination.
Figure 7: Route Map of Schedule 160 (Bailhongal to Inchal)
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 24
5.2.1 Passenger Profile
1. Majority of the commuters are found to be male and
Most of the commuter are in the age group of 40-60 years.
2. The average income group of the commuters in
Bailhongal is about Rs.10001 - 25000.
3. Around 67 % of commuters use Public Transit on a daily
basis followed by weekend user to 33 %.
4. Most of the trips made are of work based trips (41%)
followed by educational trips (36%).
5. An average waiting time of less than 5 min has been
recorded.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 25
5.2.2 Operation Profile
5.2.2.1 Cost of operation
The cumulative earning and cost of operations for this route are as follows:
RouteNo EPKM CPKM
160 24.98 32.72
5.2.2.2 Load Factor
An average load factor of 57 % has been recorded.
5.2.2.3 Trips per day
The approximate number of trips made is 20 trips /day.
Sl No Particulars Details
1 No. of Schedules Sch. 160
2 Scheduled Kms 182 Km/day/bus
3 No of Trips 26 trips/day/bus
4 Average EPKM 24.98
5 Average CPKM 32.72
6 Average Load Factor (%) 51.1 %
7 Effective Revenue 0.20
Note: Assessment carried for operations between-Dec 2015-August 2016
5.2.3 Observations
1. Only One schedule have been plying between Bailhongal Bus Stand to Inchala village
which covers a total distance of 7 kms.
2. The route mainly caters to work based commuters followed by education trips in
between Bailhongal to Inchala who commute for work and education and major banks
such as Corporation Banks, Axis Banks, Town Municipal Council office, etc.
3. This route passes through the commercial area of the city. The route also caters to
some of the schools established adjacent to the bus route such as SSBSS’s PU and DED
college, Inchal Maath, etc
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 26
Route 161
This route is operated between Bailhongal Bus Stand to Devalapur Bus Stand covering a total
route length of 6 km. The route have 8 designated Bus Stops from Origin to Destination.
Figure 8: Route Map of Schedule 161 (Bailhongal to Devalapur)
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 27
5.3.1 Passenger Profile
1. Majority of the commuters are found to be male and Most of
the commuter are in the age group of 15-25 years.
2. The average income group of the commuters in Bailhongal is
about Rs.5001-10000.
3. Around 70 % of commuters use Public Transit on a daily basis
followed by weekend user to 22 %.
4. Most of the trips made are of educational based trips (43%)
followed by work trips (34%).
5. An average waiting time of 5-10 min has been recorded.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 28
5.3.2 Operation Profile
5.3.2.1 Cost of operation
The cumulative earning and cost of operations for this route are as follows:
Route No EPKM CPKM
161 26.53 33.05
5.3.2.2 Load Factor
An average load factor of 57 % has been recorded.
5.3.2.3 Trips per day
The approximate number of trips made is 20 trips /day.
Sl No Particulars Details
1 No. of Schedules Sch. 161
2 Scheduled Kms 180 Km/day/bus
3 No of Trips 30 trips/day/bus
4 Average EPKM 26.53
5 Average CPKM 33.05
6 Average Load Factor (%) 46.50 %
7 Effective Revenue 0.14
Note: Assessment carried for operations between-Dec 2015-August 2016
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 29
Observations:
1. The services start from 8:00 am and ply at a headway of 20-30 min.
2. The services have been widely appreciated and are mainly used by a large number of
students.The main trips that the services cater to are Gyana Gangothri Primary School,
Carmel institutes, RTO office, Government hospital, etc. The residential blocks enroute
are Janantha Plot, Amatur Cross and Devlapur.
3. Despite of the service offered, private jeeps/tracks and mofussil buses have been
competing with the city bus services.
4. No bus shelters or other related infrastructures have been provided (except at
Devalapur).
5. Competitive fares and better scheduling of services may attract commuters at opting
for city bus services over other private modes.
6. Revenue generated from these route is comparatively poor as majority of the
commuters are pass holders (either student or employees).
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 30
Route 162
This route is operated between Bailhongal Bus Stand to Korikoppa Bus Stand and it covers a
total route length of 13 km. The route have 12 designated Bus Stops from Origin to
Destination.
Figure 9: Route Map of Schedule 162 (Bailhongal to Korrikoppa)
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 31
5.4.1 Passenger Profile
1.Majority of the commuters are found to be male and most of
the commuter are in the age group of 15-25 years..
2. The average income group of the commuters in
Bailhongal is about Rs.1001-5000.
3. Around 86% of commuters use Public Transit for their everyday
commute followed by weekend user to 7 %.
4. Most of the trips made are of educational based trips (60 %)
followed by work trips (30%).
5. An average waiting time of less than 5 minutes has been
recorded.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 32
5.4.2 Operation Profile
5.4.2.1 Cost of operation
The cumulative earning and cost of operations for this route are as follows:
RouteNo EPKM CPKM
162 19.32 33.07
5.4.2.2 Load Factor
An average load factor of 57 % has been recorded.
5.4.2.3 Trips per day
The approximate number of trips made is 20 trips /day.
Sl No Particulars Details
1 No. of Schedules Sch. 162
2 Scheduled Kms 234 Km/day/bus
3 No of Trips 18 trips/day/bus
4 Average EPKM 19.32
5 Average CPKM 33.07
6 Average Load Factor (%) 44 %
7 Effective Revenue 0.15
Note: Assessment carried for operations between-Dec 2015-August 2016
Observations:
1. This route is operated between Bailhongal bus
stand to Korvikoppa covering major destinations
along the route such as such as Bailhongal
APMC, Mini-Vidhana Soudha,
Veerabhadreshwara Kalyana Mantapa,
Bailhongal Civil Hospital, Indra Nagar Primary
Schools, Naya Nagar Govt. High School etc
2. Only 1 schedule have been plying between
Bailhongal Bus Stand to Korvikoppa via Anagol.
The services are from 8.30 AM to 7.30 PM.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 33
3. The route caters to major trip nodes such as Dharwad Cross and Devalapura cross.
4. The route caters to a large number of educational and work based trips. More
number of educational trips are concentrated to Anagol during the peak hours.
5. Bus shelters are not available in most of the locations, and even if it is, it’s not being
used by the people due to poor design of bus shelters and unavailability of basic
infrastructural facilities.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 34
6.0 Perceived Overview of Services
In addition to providing reliable service, the operator also needs to ensure the provision of
safe and comfortable access with adequate infrastructure facilities. Inadequate access to
public transport is a key barrier to economic and social inclusion and has led to comparatively
higher rates of dependency on other private modes of transport. Based on the survey
analysis, the following were their opinions on perceived safety.
1. Lighting at Bus Stops: Majority have convened that good lighting has been provided at bus
stop/terminals. The bus terminals are well lit with provisions of other transit facilities.
However, the bus stops/shelters enroute are absent or if present, lack sufficient lighting.
2. Lighting provision inside Buses: All buses under SUTF are well lit assuring safe transit to its
commuters in the late evening hours.
3. Emphasis & Focus of Drivers/Conductors on safe driving: Commuters have opinioned that
the behavior of drivers and conductors have been satisfying both in terms of the driving
standards as well as ticket collections.
4. Safety in travelling in PT during late evenings: The city bus services have been appreciated
at providing safe commute especially during late hours. Women have opinioned that they
prefer city bus service over other private modes as safety and comfort is assured in buses.
5. Safety in travelling in PT with less co-passengers: Commuters have been assured of safety
inside the bus despite low ridership during the late off peak hours. The behavior of
driver/conductor on board has assured them of a safe environment.
6. Safety in waiting for PT in bus stops: As the services are extended beyond the CBD of the
city where settlements are scare and bus stops are spread at a spacing of 1-1.5 km,
commuters have expressed their discomfort for waiting at the bus stops due to poor
infrastructure. They have also expressed that they even opt to commute by private tempos
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 35
rather than waiting for buses as waiting at bus stop during the wee hours is a threat to
safety especially women and children.
Figure 10: Perceived Safety
The quality of the buses, Bus shelters and other related infrastructure play a vital role at
encouraging riders to opt for PT over other transport. As a part of the study, commuter’s
satisfactions with respect to the quality of service infrastructure was also evaluated.
With the services being under operations only from December-2015, the operators or the
CMC have yet to explore route as well as bus stop locations. The current bus shelters/bus
stops are set up at very informal locations which aren’t actually catering to the needs of
commuters. In order to ensure increase in ridership, provisions of scientifically designed bus
shelters along with other basic facilities such as good seating and lighting must be provided.
Figure 11: Bus & Bus Stop facilities
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 36
7.0 Conclusion
Introduction and operations of a new city bus services at small and medium size cities like
Bailhongal is a challenge. People find it difficult to change for their mode of transit into a
different mode. The route and service should be planned in a manner that accommodated
the needs and demands of the commuters. The operator must also balance his operations
with respect to the cost of operations as well. Adding on, would also be the competitions that
the public operator would have to face running his services parallel to the private IPT vehicles.
The public patronage of the city bus services at Bailhongal has been slowly gaining its
prominence. Bailhongal city service has been able to make a remarkable achievement within
a very short span of 9 months from its commencement i.e. from December 2015. The
satisfaction survey conducted for commuters indicate that the service to be safe, time & cost
saving and comfortable.
Satisfaction of Overall Services
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
84 85 162 160 161
YES No
Figure 12: Overall Service Satisfaction of the City bus service
The services have been widely appreciated and found to be operating satisfactorily. Based on
the data analysis, 100% of the commuter’s satisfaction is observed from the services of
Schedule 84, 85 and 160. About 96% and 86% of the commuters are satisfied with the service
schedules 161 and 162 respectively.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 37
Public Opinion
1. Extension of Services upto 8:30 pm-9:00 pm. Poor service during the evening between
Bailhongal and Nesargi. Majority of the commuter suggested to Increase the Frequency
of Services during Early and late school hours.
2. Increase in fleet size in order to provide a frequency of 15-20 min. (Bailhongal- Nesargi)
exclusively during school hours.
3. Provision of well-designed bus shelters that are universally accessible.
Recommendations
Listed below are few recommendations that make be further explored in order to improve
the overall efficiency of the Bailhongal City Bus Services. The recommendations mentioned
below are based upon both operator as well as commuter’s perspective remarks.
1. Contain Travel Demand: In a city like Bailhongal, there is a little possibility of reduction
in the per capita trip rate. This is because a larger share of the population would be
securing employment and a larger share of children would be attending schools. Efforts
at reducing travel demand have, therefore, to focus on reducing the average trip length.
The key to reducing trip lengths is through a proper integration of land use and transport
planning. Hence, as a city expands, it would be desirable to channel the growth in such a
manner that it takes place around a number of self-contained clusters. It is essential that
the transport network guide the urban form, rather than the urban form guiding the
transport system. Land use planning would therefore require that transport corridors be
developed early so that new settlements come up around these corridors and not in a
haphazard manner.
2. Increased Service: All the city bus services were observed serving beyond the local
planning area whereas some areas like within LPA of Bailhongal (eg: Bedar Colony,
Gandhinagar) remain unserved by the city bus services.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 38
Figure 13: Unserved Areas
Areas on the North eastern parts of Bailhongal which comprises of major sets of activities
which remain unserved by the city bus services. These areas are Gandhi Nagar, Bedar
Colony, Basava Nagar.
3. Increased Ridership: Based on the Secondary data, lowest load factor has been observed
in schedules 162. The route have only 1 schedules playing between Bailhongal and
Korikoppa. As the route length is shorter it attracts very less demand for the service is
generated. It was also observed that due to poor frequency of buses, commuter opt for
other private IPT for commute.
Calculation of fleet size: Based on the route length and duration of trips, the number of
buses required per route is estimated by formula
Number of buses, N = 2*(Running time + Turn over time)/Frequency
Assumption: -
Bus frequency -10 min.
Turn over time-10 min
Therefore, Number of buses (N 84) for route no. 84
N 84 = 2*(Running time + Turn over time)/Frequency
= 2*(30+10)/10
= 8 buses.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 39
Therefore, Number of buses (N 85) for route no. 85
N 85 = 2*(Running time + Turn over time)/Frequency
= 2*(30+10)/10
= 8 buses.
Therefore, Number of buses (N 86) for route no. 86
N 86 = 2*(Running time + Turn over time)/Frequency
= 2*(30+10)/10
= 8 buses.
Therefore, Number of buses (N 106) for route no. 106
N 106 = 2*(Running time + Turn over time)/Frequency
= 2*(15+10)/10
= 5 buses.
Therefore, Number of buses (N 106) for route no. 161
N 161 = 2*(Running time + Turn over time)/Frequency
= 2*(15+10)/10
= 5 buses.
Therefore, Number of buses (N 86) for route no. 162
N 162 = 2*(Running time + Turn over time)/Frequency
= 2*(30+10)/10
= 8 buses.
Table 7: Proposed Fleet Size
Existing Scheduling Route Length (Km) Proposed Fleet Size (no’s)
84/85/86
18 8
(Bailhongal-Nesaragi )
106
7 5
(Bailhongal-Inchal)
161
6 5
(Bailhongal- Devalapur)
162
13 8
(Bailhongal- korikappa)
Thus, in order to increase ridership as well as increase frequency, the fleet size must be
strengthened.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaCity Bus Service Evaluation - BAILHONGAL 40
4. Service Timing: At an average service timing are acceptable by the people of Bailhongal
during Primary surveys. Students have suggested to have more frequency of buses during
morning hours and evening hours as they have to commute from nearby areas to the city
for tuitions and other curricular activities before and after school hours.
5. Fare Structure: No complimentary benefits have been availed to commuter. No student
pass has been introduced. Introduction of passes to student and workers may attract
commuters to opt for city bus services. Increase in fare has caused discomfort to
commuters as these increased fare are not competitive with the fare of IPT. A few
complains on pilferage have also been reported. The city bus fare has to be monitored
regularly so that the fares are comparable with other modes and is affordable for common
people/ commuter.
6. Service Branding: Branding of PT has been a small yet a very effective way of categorizing
the services by the operator. Branding strategies have become a critical component of
transit improvement projects for the operator in recent times, as it not only helps
commuters to better connect with the brand and system but also helps in simplify the
travel experience by enabling seamless & easy transfer between multiple services.
7. Infrastructure: Poor infrastructure has been a restraining factor for the city bus services.
Absence of Bus shelters, lack of passenger information system at bus stand/stops,
information kiosk, etc. seems to be the basic infrastructural need of the city.
8. Introduction of new routes: Operators should carry out feasibility check on exploring new
areas/ neighborhoods routes that have potential ridership and include them by either
extension of existing routes or introducing new routes.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of
KarnatakaANNEXURE -1
PASSENGER OPINION SURVEY (¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄzÀ ¸ÀªÃÉ ð) FOR EVALUATION OF CITY BUS SERVICE
Directorate of Urban Land Transport, UDD, GOK, Bangalore
Route No: ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ ¸ÀASÉå : _____________________ Route Name: ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄ : _____________________
A. Commuter Profile ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ ªÀiÁ»w
1. Age (ಯಸ್ಸು ): ...........................
2. Gender (ಲಿಂಗ): Male (ಪುರುಶ): Female (ಸ್ತ್ ರೀ):
3. Average Income of the person (per month): (ಯ ಕ್ತ್ ಯ ಷರಾಷರಿ ರಮಾನ) (ಪ್ರ ತಿ ತಿಿಂಗಳು):
1000-5000 5000-10000 10000-25000 25000- 50000
4. What is the purpose of your travel? (ನಿಮ್ಮ ಪ್ರ ಯಾಣದ ಉದ್ದ ೀವವೇನು)?
Work (ಕೆಲಷ) Education (ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ) Shopping (ಶಾಪಿಂಗ್) Others (ಇತರೆ)
5. How often do you use Public Transport? (ಎಷ್ಟು ಬಾರಿ ನಿೀವು ಷರಾಷರಿ, ಸಾವಜನಿಕ ಸಾರಿಗೆ ಉಪ್ಯೀಗ ಮಾಡುವಿರಿ)?
Every day (ಪ್ರ ತಿದಿನ) Only on weekdays (ವಾರದ ದಿನಗಳು ಮಾತರ ) Occasionally (ಸಾಿಂದರ್ಭವಕವಾಗಿ)
4. Origin (ಮೂಲ ಷಥ ಳ): ...........................
5. Destination (ತಲುಪು ಷಥ ಳ): ........................... Distance (KM) ...........................
6. Access Mode of travel of the person: (ಯ ಕ್ತ್ ಯ ಪ್ರ ವಾಷ ಮೊದಲನ ಕರ ಮ್): ...........................
7. Access time taken of the person: (ಯ ಕ್ತ್ ಯ ಪ್ರ ಯಾಣ ಮೊದಲನ ವೆಚ್ಚ ):
< 5min 5-10min 10-15 min 15-30 min
8. Egress Mode of travel of the person: (ಯ ಕ್ತ್ ಯ ಪ್ರ ವಾಷ PÉÆ£ÉAiÀÄ ಕರ ಮ್): ...........................
9. Egress time taken of the person: (ಯ ಕ್ತ್ ಯ ಪ್ರ ಯಾಣ PÉÆ£ÉAiÀÄ ವೆಚ್ಚ ):
< 5min 5-10min 10-15 min 15-30 min
10. Reason for using Public Transport: (ಸಾವಜನಿಕ ಸಾರಿಗೆ ಉಪ್ಯೀಗಿಷಲು ಕಾರಣ):
Comfort Safety Cost Saving Time Saving Directness of Service
(ಆರಾಮ್ದಾಯಕ) (ಸ್ಸರಕ್ಷತೆ) (ಸಣ ಉಳಿತಾಯ) (ಷಮ್ಯ ಉಳಿತಾಯ) (ಸೇವೆಯ ಪ್ರ ತಯ ಕ್ಷತೆ)
B. Reliability:
12. Do city Buses Arrive and depart on scheduled time? (ಈ ಸೇವೆ ಷರಿಯಾದ ಷಮ್ಯಕೆೆ ಆಗಮಿಸ್ಸತ್ ದ್ಯೇ)?
Yes No If late, approximately by how many minutes? ...........................
13. What is the Average Waiting Time at the bus stop? §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è §¸ï UÁV PÁAiÀÄĪÀ ¸ÀªÄÀ AiÀÄ?
< 5min 5-10min 10-15 min 15-30 min
C. Affordability:
14. Average Travel Expenses / Month (at present): ಷರಾಷರಿ ಪ್ರ ಯಾಣ ವೆಚ್ಚ / ತಿಿಂಗಳು
< 500 500-1000 1000-1500 > 1500
15. Are you satisfied with the Current Bus fare system? If not, suggest the changes you would like to implement: (ಪ್ರ ಸ್ಸ್ ತ
ಬಸ್ ದರ ತೃಪ್ ಕರವಾಗಿದ್ಯೇ? ಇಲಲ ವಾದಲಲ , ನಿೀವು ಕಾಯವಗತಗೊಳಿಷಲು ಬಯಸ್ಸ ಬದಲಾಣೆಗಳನುು ಸೂಚಿಸ್ತರಿ):
Yes NoD. Technology: vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£À
16. Do you use any technology (website/SMS/app etc.) to access service information?
§¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ CUÀvÀåªÁzÀ «ªÀgÀªÀ£ÀÄß vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀzÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄwÛ¢ÝÃgÁ?
Yes No
E. Perceived Safety: ¸ÀÄgÀPÀv
ë ÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ
17. Are there adequate provisions of lighting at bus stops? §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è CUÀvÀåªÁzÀ «zÀÄåvï ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ EzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
18. Are there adequate provisions of lighting inside buses at night? gÁwæ ªÉüÉAiÀÄ°è §¸ï M¼ÀUÉ «zÀÄåvï ¸Ë®¨sÀå EzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
19. Do drivers emphasize/ focus on Safe driving, boarding and alighting? §¸ï ZÁ®PÀgÀÄ ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁV ªÁºÀ£À ZÁ®£É ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÁ / §¸ï
ºÀvÀĪ
Û ÁUÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ E½AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ ¸ÀÄgÀPÀëvÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ UÀªÀÄ£À ºÀj¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
20. Does it feel safe to travel by bus after late evening? ¸ÀAeÉ ªÉüÉAiÀÄ°è §¸ï ¥ÀæAiÀiÁt ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁVzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
21. Does it feel safe to travel by bus when there are hardly any passengers inside? §¸ï£À°è ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ ¸ÀASÉå PÀrªÉÄ EzÁÝUÀ
¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁVzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
22. Does it feel safe waiting at bus stops during night time or at unknown locations? gÁwæ ªÉüÉAiÀÄ°è §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è §¸ïUÁV
PÁAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÉÃ?
Yes No
F. Buses and Bus Stop facilities: §¸ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ ¸Ë®¨sÀåzÀ §UÉÎ:
23. Do bus stops are well designed? (ಷರಿಯಾದ ಬಸ್ ಸಾು ಪ್ ಇದ್ಯೇ)?
Yes No
24. Are buses and bus stops clean enough? §¸ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝt ¸ÀéZÀÒªÁVzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
25. Do information systems/other devices installed in the bus and at bus stops function all the time? §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è C¼ÀªÀr¹gÀĪÀ
ªÀiÁ»w ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EvÀgÉ ¸Ázs£
À À PÁAiÀÄðªÀ»¸ÀÄwÛzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
26. Do bus stops and terminals have adequate information provided about routes and timings?
§¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è CUÀvÀå«gÀĪÀ §¸ï ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §¸ï ºÉÆgÀqÀĪÀ ¸ÀªÄÀ AiÀÄzÀ §UÉÎ ªÀiÁ»w EzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
27. Are you satisfied with the overall bus service? MmÁÖgÉ §¸ï ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ §UÉÎ vÀÈ¦Û EzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
If yes, ºËzÀÄ JAzÁzÀgÉ
Fully Satisfied §ºÀ¼À vÀȦÛPÀgÀªÁVzÉ Good vÀȦÛPÀgÀªÁVzÉ
Needs improvement ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉAiÀÄ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉ EzÉ Not at all satisfied CvÀȦÛPÀgÀ
H. Suggestions
28. Would you like any Routes to be added to the existing system? (ನಿೀವು ಬೇರೆ ಮಾಗವನುು ಅಳಡಿಷಲು ಬಯಸ್ಸವಿರಾ)?
...........................................................................................................
29. Any other suggestions / Comments about the bus service/ (ಷಲಹೆಗಳು/ ಸ್ತಟಿ ಬಸ್ ಸೇವೆಯ ಬಗೆೆ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಅರ್ಭಪ್ರರ ಯ)ANNEXURE - 2
SLBs for Urban Transport- MoUD, Government of India
Level 1. Presence of 2. Extent of 3. Service 4. 5. Level of 6. % of Fleet
of Organized Supply Coverage Average Comfort in as per Urban
Service Public Transport Availability of Public waiting Public Bus
System in of Public Transport in time for Transport Specification
Urban Area (%) Transport the city Public
Transport
users
(minutes)
1 >= 60 >= 0.6 >= 1 2.5 = 40 < = 5.5 10 > 1.5ANNEXURE -3
Financial Sustainability of Public Transport, MoUD, Government of India
Overall LOS Calculated Comments
LOS
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