TOWARDS A SAFER FUTURE 2.2019 - WHY TRAFFIC SAFETY IS KEY TO DRIVING PROSPERITY
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ST O R I E S F R O M T H E WO R L D O F T H E V O LV O G R O U P
AR INSIDE!
2.2019
TOWARDS
A SAFER FUTUREWHY TRAFFIC SAFET Y IS KEY TO DRIVING PROSPERIT Y
ED I T O R I A L
A safe work environment –
for everyone
A
we are responsible
S A C O M PA N Y, unable to make their deliveries in time. It makes
for our work environment. All of you no difference how advanced our logistics systems
who work for the Volvo Group must are if people cannot travel on the roads.
feel safe when you go to work. For this The Volvo Group’s principal contribution
reason, it is incredibly important that to reversing these developments is to offer
we work proactively and jointly to minimise the qualitative, innovative products that reduce both
risks and avoid accidents at our workplaces. the number of accidents and their consequences.
As a global supplier of transport solutions, we In addition to this, we are working in other
also have a unique opportunity to contribute ways to drive safety agendas forward. Our
both to a safer work environment for the drivers experts are investigating the causes of real-
and operators who use our products and to a life accidents to enable us to continuously
safer traffic environment for people all over the develop better solutions. We are training drivers
world. and schoolchildren in traffic safety, we are
As things stand, the number of road fatalities is contributing to UN partnerships and we are
continuing to rise. One example is India, where attempting to influence political decisions so that
the economy is expanding rapidly, together they move in the right direction.
with an increase in both the population and We have an ambitious long-term objective
urbanisation. As a result, the need for transport is when it comes to safety:
increasing and there are more vehicles and people we want there to be zero
on roads and streets that are not always adapted accidents involving products
to suit the new situation. Taken as a whole, from the Volvo Group. This
this is leading to the deaths of at least 150,000 is clearly an objective worth
people in traffic in India every year. The same fighting for – together.
developments can be seen in many other places
worldwide.
These figures are terrible and it goes without
saying that the most important reason for
working on traffic safety is to reduce the level
of human suffering. However, even in cases in
which an accident only causes material damage,
the result is often that the traffic comes to
MARTIN LUNDSTEDT
a complete standstill, something that affects PRESIDEN T AND CEO,
everyone – including our customers who are V O LV O G R O U P
VOLVO GROUP MAGAZINE is aimed at all the co-workers within the Volvo Group. It is published five times a year in Swedish, English, German, French, Portuguese for Brazil,
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Tobias Wilhelm E D I T O R - I N - C H I E F Tobias Wilhelm E D I T O R S Åsa Alström, Lotta Bävman, Monika Voland and Linda Joneland. A Group-wide Editorial Network also contributes
content. M A R K E T L A N G UAG E R E V I E W Tobias Wilhelm E D I T O R I A L P R O D U C T I O N Spoon (project team: Marcus Olsson, Linda Swanberg, Jimmy Håkansson, Nic Townsend, Pernilla
Stenborg, Ken Niss, Sofia Hammarin) P R I N T E D BY LSC Communications C H A N G E O F A D D R E SS Contact your local HR T R A N S L AT E D BY Jeanette Kliger
2 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9
L IS SUE
SP EC IA
s
46 page c 2.2019
on traf fi
safety!
08
Deadly roads
Road traffic injuries are a
leading cause of death in
South Africa. Volvo Group
Magazine takes a look at
reasons behind poor road
safety and what is being
done to turn things around.
08
20 Route cause
On the road and behind the
scenes with the Volvo Accident
Research Team.
28 Vision zero
Better vision from truck cabs is
a key part of the plan to increase safety
on London’s streets.
54 Niu and you
20 28 Volvo Group’s new head of HR,
Diana Niu talks about her vision and
personal story.
58 Doing what works
In Finland, new ways of working
have cut accident rates by 60 per cent
at Volvo Trucks’ workshops.
ALWAYS INSIDE
4 START
54 58 64 INSIGHTS
68 COMPETITION
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 3
start AROUND THE WORLD WITH THE VOLVO GROUP
PHOTO: SÖREN HÅKAN LIND
Therese Björkdahl Nilsson in
discussion with some of the
engineering students that
attended the event.
19%
of all employees in
the Volvo Group are
Seeking more
women
20%
female engineers
of all managers in
the Volvo Group are
women
W H AT I S T H E reality for female “As a company, we need diversity,” most sought-after skills are creativity,
managers operating within a global says Therese Björkdahl Nilsson, adaptability and teamwork. And the key
organisation in an ever-changing Director of Process & IT at Volvo GTT, to that is diversity.”
world? That was the million-dollar and one of the participants at the panel The event also emphasised the
question that attracted attendees to discussion. “We can’t turn a blind eye Volvo Group Graduate Programme
the Volvo Group’s event on sustainable to the fact that women encompass half as an effective springboard for any
female leadership in Gothenburg, of the world’s population. According engineering students interested in a
Sweden, on January 22. to the World Economic Forum, the career within the Volvo Group.
Volvo CE goes electric
How to see AR on smaller machines
Page 24–25 in this magazine VOLVO CE WILL launch a fully electric range
P H O T O : V O LV O C E
use Augmented Reality to of compact wheel loaders and compact
enhance the experience. excavators in 2020. The first customer
Download or update the app pilots started in conjunction with the
Volvo Group AR Stories, and Bauma fair in April. “The technology is
follow the instructions. now sufficiently robust and this, together
with changes in customer behaviour and
a heightened regulatory environment,
means that now is the right time to
commit to going electric,” comments
Melker Jernberg, President Volvo CE.
4 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9
ES O N
Building for
RIKA THUR
the future in France
PHOTO: UL
A NEW BUILDING gathering around 1,000 colleagues from GTT and GTP
teams in Saint Priest, Lyon is on its way. This new modern work environment
will be better adapted to the teams’ needs to develop projects and enhance
collaboration. The building is scheduled to open in Q1 2021.
I L LU ST R AT I O N : R E N AU LT T R U C K S
H EL L O. . .
… Camilla Falk Berkander
Senior Buyer at Volvo Group Merchandise
Services (VGMS)
What is VGMS’s role?
“VGMS was set up to produce
merchandise for the Volvo Group’s brands.
Our range includes textiles, toys, pens, coffee
mugs, bags and so on. We are working
strategically to build the brands and we also
apply the same values and development
THE NUMBER ElectriCity takes to the processes as the Volvo Group uses for trucks
23
water with Volvo Penta and construction equipment, for example.”
V O LV O P E N TA I S entering Gothenburg’s How do you work on sustainability and
ElectriCity project with a plan to environmental issues?
introduce an electric ferry service, adding “This is something on which we are
to the city’s existing electric bus service. incredibly focused. I have been involved
Aimed to be the model of future clean since the start in 2008 and I have been
is the factor by which texting urban development, the new electric- working to put sustainability on the agenda.
while driving increases the powered ferry will link both sides of the We have done some fantastic dvelopment
risk of crashing!
Göta River. and we are proud that we are currently
able to offer an almost total GOTS (Global
Organic Textile Standard) and GRS (Global
Recycle Standard) accredited textile range.”
P H O T O : R E N AU LT T R U C K S
Training on the go Can you give us a concrete example of
how you are making a difference?
S I N C E 2 0 1 2 , R E N AU LT Trucks has “Well, one new feature this year is that
deployed a mobile training unit and we are collecting the waste from cotton
sent volunteer staff to WFP offices production for T-shirts and polo shirts and
in Africa to share skills and train local re-using it with recycled PET bottles. This
teams. This has resulted in fifteen results in a mixture of cotton and polyester
training sessions, held in twelve with really wonderful quality. As both
African countries, training a total of materials are recycled, producing a new
two hundred workshop staff. T-shirt takes just one litre of water instead of
Boosted by this positive result, 2,000 litres!”
the partnership is now renewed for a
further three-year period. Read more about work on sustainability at
merchandise.volvogroup.com/sustainability
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 5
start AROUND THE WORLD WITH THE VOLVO GROUP
PHOTO: UD TRUCKS
Home away
from home
V O LV O T R U C K S A D D S an
ergonomically advanced
workstation to its VNL 760,
740 and VNX 740 models,
providing a flexible living
environment for thousands
Model updates of drivers who make their
homes on the road. “This
from UD Trucks
advanced workstation is the
latest example of the emphasis
we place on enhancing
U D T R U C K S H A S added a new 8-liter engine driver comfort and driver
model to its heavy-duty flagship Quon. The 8-liter productivity,” says Allison
engine achieves a 300 kg weight reduction, Athey, Product Marketing
which is an answer to the needs of logistics Manager at Volvo Trucks
operators who require load efficiency over short North America. “The ability to
and medium distances. Also, the new Quester create an exceptional all-in-
has been launched in South East Asia, targeting one living space and working
emerging markets with ESCOT automated manual environment is essential to
transmission and the latest telematics to help attracting and keeping drivers.”
resolve issues like rising fuel costs, driver shortage
and productivity.
Coach of the Year in Spain
V O LV O’ S N E W LO N G - H AU L coaches have won the Long-
haul Coach of the Year Award 2019 in Spain. The jury
highlighted the characteristics of the coaches in terms of
safety, comfort, driveability and productivity. “It is always
an honour to receive a prize of this calibre, and we see it
as proof of the hard work that has gone into bringing out
the fine qualities that our new coaches have,” says Jaime
Verdú, Sales Manager at Volvo Buses Spain.
P H O T O : V O LV O B U S ES
Redesigned X3‑45 motorcoach presented
P H O T O : P R E V O ST
P R E V O ST ’ S R E - ST Y L E D X 3 - 4 5 has consumption. “We hope that our customers
achieved a remarkable decrease in highway will be as excited as we are with the
fuel consumption of up to ten per cent. changes and improvements we have made
The Volvo D13 engine, as well as Prevost’s to this iconic model, that will positively
proprietary Electric Fan Drive system to impact their bottom line,” says Prevost
cool the engine with less energy, accounts Vice President/General Manager, Francois
for a further three per cent reduction in fuel Tremblay.
6 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9
P H O T O : A R N E E D ST R Ö M
EDITOR’S NOTE
Hope for
the human factor
E
A R T H A N D C R U S H E D glass fly round my
face. There is the sound of metal being
crushed like an enormous can. My field
of vision rotates in time with the vehicle
spinning. Everything is in slow-motion and I
am surprised by the number of thoughts that I manage
to note. We land on the roof in a ditch and are left
hanging upside down in our seat belts.
There is complete silence. I suddenly remember
learning that many people are injured if they unbuckle
their belts in this situation. I turn over using my arms
and crawl through the passenger window, miraculously
without a scratch.
This happened during the space of a few seconds
following a simple mistake and, even if it took place
more than 20 years ago, I still remember it vividly.
Although the statistics that are presented in this issue
P H O T O : M AC K T R U C K S
speak for themselves, it is difficult to comprehend
that so many people are killed on the road all over the
world. This memory helps me understand that it only
takes a second to go from being a human being made
out of flesh and blood to a statistic.
T H E H U M A N FAC T O R causes 90 per cent of all
accidents. The decisive factor to reverse the trend in
terms of traffic fatalities will also be human beings,
regardless of whether this involves improved education
and training, vehicle safety or autonomous vehicles.
New partnership
While working on this magazine, we
have come into contact with so
many skilled individuals, who care
for zero emissions enormously about safety, and devote
their working lives to ensuring
M AC K T R U C K S W I L L partner with Republic Services to that we all arrive safely. I hope this
build and operate a fully electric Mack LR refuse truck to magazine will help to highlight some
help their fleet achieve zero emissions goals. For refuse of their incredible work. I will be using
hauling companies, the ability to operate quietly during what I have learned and I hope
the early morning hours is an attractive feature of electric you will too.
vehicles. Mack announced in early 2018 that the New York
City Department of Sanitation (DSNY), one of Mack’s largest TOBIAS WILHELM,
customers, also will test a fully electric Mack LR model, which EDITOR IN CHIEF
will be operational in 2019.
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 7
TR AFFIC SAFE T Y
Risky roads
8 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9
Road traffic accidents represent the eighth
leading cause of death globally and yet
the issue does not receive the attention it
deserves. In South Africa, 14,000 people die
on the the roads every year.
TEXT G Ö R R E L E S P E LU ND PHOTO A NDREA S K A RLSSON
Early morning rush hour in Cape
Town, South Africa. Commuters often
spend more than an hour in traffic to
get to the city centre. Travelling by
minibus is one of the most common
ways to commute.
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 9
TR AFFIC SAFE T Y
Godfrey Klaas lives in Langa outside Cape Town and he says that every day he is confronted by the dangers in road traffic. He has personally been
involved in some serious road accidents.
T
H E M I N I B U S E S , O R taxis as they us head on. Our driver tried to avoid a collision
are called here, dart out from but lost control of the vehicle and we overturned,
the taxi rank in Langa, the oldest rolling three times. No one died,. but most of the
township in Cape Town. They passengers were hurt. My cousin broke both her
quickly intermingle with the rest legs, so, in a sense, I was lucky,” Godfrey Klaas says.
of the traffic, weaving their way Although the minibuses are not considered
between cars, pedestrians and safe, many commuters have no other choice but
students on their way to school. to use them to get to work or school.
“They have put up speed bumps on some of
the main roads in Langa, but the taxi drivers A N D R É P R E T O R I U S D E S C R I B E S the taxis as ”big
don’t care. They never slow down,” says Godfrey culprits in the lack of road safety”. He is a bus
Klaas, an entrepreneur in Langa. driver on passenger coaches and travels several
One big problem on South African roads, thousand kilometres every year.
he says, is that people drive very long distances “The biggest challenge on the roads is
without resting. A few years ago, he was involved inconsiderate drivers who don’t adhere to the
in an accident between two minibuses. The scars rules,” he says.
are still visible on his arms and his back hurts as a In his job, André Pretorius sees a lot of crashes
result of the impact. and many sites where crosses have been put up
“I was in a taxi going from Cape Town to the next to the road to honour an accident victim.
Eastern Cape. It’s about 1,300 kilometres and the “The crashes don’t really affect me, but they
driver doesn’t usually stop to sleep. In the early do create some kind of stress because I transport
hours of the morning, another taxi approached people. In the back of my head there is always
10 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9Over one million vehicles on
South African roads are either
unroadworthy, unlicensed, or both.
the thought that I have their lives in my hands,”
André Pretorius says.
In 2017, approximately 14,000 people died
on South African roads. That is the equivalent of
25.9 people per 100,000 population, which is a
slightly lower figure than most of its neighbouring
countries, but much higher than most North
African countries. Comparable data for the US
are 12.4 people per 100,000 population and, for
India, 22.6 people per 100,000 population.
Globally, the fatalities on the world’s roads
now stand at 1.35 million per year and, although
progress has been made, in a number of areas it is
simply not fast enough.
Cape Town is the capital of the Western
Cape Province, where the traffic department is
renowned for its work on increasing road safety.
“When we started to study our road situation
in depth, we saw that a lot of people were killed
over the weekends due to drunk driving. So, we
Bus driver André Pretorius says that irresponsible drivers are the most serious launched what we call a Weekend Alcohol Blitz
problem on the roads of South Africa. Programme,” says Kenny Africa, Chief Director
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 11TR AFFIC SAFE T Y
Yolande Baker
E X ECU T IVE DIREC TOR , CHILD SAFE, C APE TOWN
“Child Safe focuses on road safety in three
of our programmes. The aim is to make
it safer for children to travel to and from
school. To reduce the risks on our roads,
drivers should drive more slowly and look
out for pedestrians. Traffic officers must
also be more visible and implement our
laws, especially for speeding and drink-
driving. Prevention work is not something
you can do only sometimes, to be
effective it needs to be there all the time
as a constant reminder.”
for Traffic Management for the Western Cape
Government.
Every weekend, the provincial traffic
department sets up roadblocks and some 7,500
people are screened in an effort to curb drunk
driving*. Since the programme started in 2010,
more than 11,000 arrests have been made. The
programme is being conducted in addition to the
department’s random breath-testing activities,
Kenny Africa adds.
Anyone found over the limit will be taken into
custody on the spot.
And it works. The annual number of road
fatalities in the province has decreased from
1,446 in 2010 to 1,236 in 2017, according
to statistics from Road Traffic Management
Corporation (RTMC).
Another provincial initiative is the Fatigue
Management Programme. During Christmas
and Easter, special stop points are set up on the
busiest roads. Every year, 14,000 people die on the roads of South Africa.
12 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9Outside Kuyakhanya Primary, volunteers
Sylvia Daraza and Soyiso Siyikili are
working to make sure that the children
cross the road safely on their way to the
first lessons of the day.
“If a driver looks or acts tired, the traffic alone, about 18,000 people cross the freeways
officers take the vehicle keys and ask the driver to daily instead of using the safer overhead bridges.
go and sleep for a few hours. At these stops, we Andley Wu, sub-head of Research and
also have paramedics who can test blood sugar Development at the RTMC, specialises in
levels and blood pressure levels. Most vehicles behavioural research.
that we pull over are transport vehicles, either for “A lot of things contribute to the deaths on our
goods or for passengers,” Kenny Africa says. roads, it is not just the way we drive. Many of the
problems boil down to our socio-economic history
I N S O U T H A F R I CA , just like in Europe, 18- to and a lack of interpersonal respect,” he says.
34-year-old males are the most likely to be South Africa has diverse cultures, one of the
involved in a car crash. But the most vulnerable widest income gaps in the world and a history of
group on the African continent is pedestrians. In racial segregation. Owning a vehicle has become
South Africa, pedestrians account for 38 per cent a status symbol for people from previously
of the total road deaths. In the Cape Town area disadvantaged communities, but there is a lack of
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 13TR AFFIC SAFE T Y
are very few baselines to measure against. A
lot of the things we do are therefore based on
anecdotal evidence, which means that we are
attacking a problem without really knowing what
causes it. And we don’t get the results we desire,”
says Andley Wu.
W H E N T H E M O R N I N G sun rises over Crossroads,
just outside Cape Town, Dilo Nombila is already
on her bus. She has been driving school buses
for almost a decade and is one of 800 drivers
enrolled in the Safe Travel to School Programme
organised by Child Safe, an organisation working
for children’s safety.
“They have a special programme for drivers.
When I got my licence, I didn’t learn enough
about road safety. Now I’ve become a more
observant driver,” she says.
Every day she picks up 22 schoolchildren from
Dilo Nombila has been driving a school bus for almost a decade. Children and young their homes and takes them to school. In the
people board Dilo Nombila’s school bus as it travels through the poor suburbs of afternoon, she drives them back again.
Cape Town.
At one of the primary schools in Crossroads,
two adult volunteers stand with stop signs at the
pedestrian crossing to help the children cross the
education and little awareness of road safety. road safely. This is also a Child Safe initiative. The
“When they get a licence, people learn how principal, Simo Rayi, explains why he wanted his
to obey certain rules, but not how to drive and school to be part of the programme.
handle a motor vehicle. They are not taught to be “We’ve got 1,700 children at this school
socially responsible.” and most of them walk to get here. The roads
For the past 10 years, the number of fatalities are busy and narrow. I’d like to see increased
on South African roads has been more or less awareness in the community as a whole, because
SOUTH AFRICA stagnant. To get the numbers down, a multi- almost every year there is a serious injury, or we
pronged approach is needed where education, have to bury a child killed in traffic.”
Name: Republic of
South Africa (RSA)
vehicle standards, legislation, human behaviour
Capital: Pretoria
and better law enforcement all have to be
(administrative), considered, argues Andley Wu.
*In South Africa, the legal limit for driving is a breath alcohol
Cape Town “One major problem is the lack of research in content of 0.24 mg per 1,000 ml, or a blood alcohol limit of
(legislative), this field. When we develop a campaign, there 0.05 g per 100 ml.
Bloemfontein
(judicial)
Government type:
Parliamentary
Republic
Population: approx.
55 million
Languages: 11 Chris Bangira
official languages. B A R I S TA , C A P E T O W N
English is the “South African roads are good, but people
administrative
language. drive without a licence and under the influence
of alcohol. That’s our biggest problem. What’s
more, many minibus drivers don’t respect
pedestrians and a lot of young people are
killed. To improve safety, we need more
awareness, better education for drivers and
stricter punishments for those not obeying the
rules.”
14 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9P H O T O : V O LV O G R O U P S O U T H E R N A F R I C A
PHOTO: XXXXXXX
The Volvo Group Driver Learnership programme helps unemployed truck drivers in South Africa to re-enter the industry at the same time as it improves
the ability of skilled drivers. The first participants will graduate in mid-2019.
Lessons in safety
In all countries, education pedestrian deaths remain a major more drivers with the necessary skills
concern in South Africa, our job is not will benefit the country, the industry,
and awareness are vital to done,” says Marcus Hörberg, Vice the economy, our business and the
improving traffic safety. Here President Volvo Group Southern Africa. community as a whole. It’s a win-win
are three initiatives from for everyone involved.”
Heavy Duty Driving School
Volvo Group Southern Africa 2 for Women Volvo Group Driver Learnership
that are trying to bring the A critical shortage of skilled commercial
3 Another attempt to improve the
road toll down. drivers is believed to be one of the availability of skilled drivers is the Volvo
contributing factors to South Africa’s Group Driver Learnership programme,
Stop, Look, Wave high accident rate. which aims to help unemployed truck
1 In 2018, the Stop, Look Wave By training more women to be drivers to re-enter the industry. The first
safety awareness campaign reached truck drivers – who are severely intake started the 12-month programme
over 11,400 South African children. underrepresented in the industry – it in July 2018 and will graduate in mid-
The programme has been embraced is hoped that the Heavy Duty Driving 2019.
by people throughout the organisation School for Women will help increase “I am very grateful to be part of this
who have dedicated time to visiting the pool of skilled drivers in the country. programme and, even though I am an
schools and educating students on how This will not only help address the driver experienced truck driver, I believe this
to be safer around traffic. The ambition shortage but hopefully improve road qualification will enable me to advance
is to continue to expand the programme safety as well. my career and open new opportunities
in South Africa in 2019, as well as into “Statistically women drivers are for me,” says Thabo Ratshoene, one of
other African markets. more risk averse and defensive drivers,” the programme’s first participants.
“As long as traffic accidents and says Marcus Hörberg. “Providing NIC TOWNSEND
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 15G L O B A L AC T I O N
The way forward
The UN is aiming to halve the number of deaths and injuries resulting from
road traffic accidents between 2010 and 2020. To reduce the fatality rate,
more investment in road safety is required. In addition, more actors need to
get on board.
E
TEXT G Ö R R E L E S P E LU ND PHOTO PAT RICK HENDRY
V E RY Y E A R , 1 . 3 5 million deaths health sector is engaged in only some aspects,
occur on the world’s roads, other sectors are working on infrastructure
according to the “Global Status investments and vehicle standard regulations and
Report on Road Safety 2018”, so forth. Various segments of society need to
produced by the World Health come together to contribute, in their own unique
Organization (WHO). This makes way, to improve safety on our roads. But, in many
road crashes the eighth leading countries, not enough effort is being made to
cause of death. Volvo Group Magazine spoke to realise this goal.”
Nhan Tran, Coordinator, Unintentional Injury
Prevention at the WHO, about the challenges Why does road safety not get more attention?
involved in making our roads safe. “There are many reasons, one challenge is
that national data are not always correct. So,
Why is it difficult to highlight the problem as a governments don’t always realise the extent to
global health issue? which people are dying on their roads. In some
“There is no exact ownership of the issue. The cases, the official statistic is a fifth of what we
World leaders meet in Sweden
In 2020, the third Global High-Level Conference on Road Safety
will be held in Stockholm, Sweden. It will mark the conclusion
of the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety with the aim of
further discussing how the global targets for road safety can be
developed, taking the 2030 Agenda into account.
Delegations from some eighty countries are expected to
attend, as well as representatives from business, research,
organisations and international institutions.
“The conference will provide a valuable opportunity to learn
from one another’s experiences in order to save more lives both
globally and locally,” says Lena Erixon, Director-General of the
Swedish Transport Administration.
16 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9think the true numbers are. If governments The WHO has adopted a set of 12 voluntary
would recognise these facts, I think the response performance targets designed to provide
and the level of urgency would change.” guidance on how to improve road safety.
What are the main focus areas?
We have seen some reduction in road deaths in “We have outlined different areas that need to
middle- and high-income countries. But most road be improved to make roads safer. It is a system
deaths occur in low-income countries. Why approach and the targets address infrastructure,
haven’t we seen any reduction in these areas? legislation, behaviour, vehicle safety standards and
“The main reason is that, in many low-income so forth. It reinforces the fact that road safety Nhan Tran,
countries, the level of investment in road safety is a question of addressing the system and, if Coordinator,
Unintentional Injury
has not increased, despite the fact that there are governments implement all the actions, they’ll Prevention at the
more people and vehicles on the roads.” have implemented a safe systems approach.” WHO
The target of halving the number of deaths from In other words, there are both engineering and
road traffic accidents by 2020 forms part of the behavioural challenges to be overcome?
UN’s Sustainable Development Agenda. The target “Correct. Legislation is good, but you also
will not be met. Do you think the international need enforcement. Then you need infrastructure
community will set a new goal? that is appropriate to what the law says, and
“In part, I think the 2020 deadline was to draw all of this demands resources. Many countries
attention to the need for urgent and immediate have implemented single measures to improve
action. The fact that we will not reach the goal is road safety, but to succeed we need a systems
a good wake-up call. In February next year, there approach. People tend to say that road deaths are
will be a ministerial conference in Sweden and caused by reckless behaviour. But behaviour is a
the aim is to bring world leaders together to talk function of the system you live in. If we want to
about a way forward, including a proposal for a change the behaviour of our road users, we have
new target that will be set for 2030.” to change the system.”
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 17FACTS & FIGURES
Each year 1.35 million people die in road Heading
traffic accidents. They are the leading killer for the goals
of children and young adults. In 2015, the member states
of the United Nations
adopted the Sustainable
More than half of all In Europe, most victims In South-East Asia, almost Development Agenda. There
deaths involve vulnerable are drivers or occupants of half the deaths involve riders are 17 development goals
road users: pedestrians, cars or trucks. of motorised two- and three- to make the world more
cyclists and motorcyclists. wheelers. sustainable. Two goals refer
to road safety.
Goal 3: Health. Target 3.6
17% 9% aims to halve the number
16%
29% 11% of deaths and injuries from
43%
road traffic accidents by
48% 16%
2020.
26%
Goal 11: Sustainable Cities.
32%
28% 25%
Target 11.2 aims to provide
access to safe, affordable,
accessible and sustainable
river/passengers of four-wheeled
D river/passengers of four-wheeled
D otorised two- and three-wheelers
M transport systems for all,
vehicles vehicles Unspecified road users improving road safety,
Motorised two- and three-wheelers Pedestrians and cyclists Driver/passengers of four-wheeled
Pedestrians and cyclists Motorised two- and three-wheelers vehicles
notably by expanding public
Unspecified road users Unspecified road users Pedestrians and cyclists transport by 2030.
105
The death rates are three
times higher in low-income
countries than in high-
The number of countries in income countries.
the world with seatbelt laws
that align with best practice.
Road traffic deaths
in different parts
33 The number of countries that of the world
in 2018 made improvements Estimated road traffic deaths, per
100,000 population in 2016
The number of countries in
to bring their laws into
the world with child restraint alignment with best practice NORWAY 2.7
laws that align with best on one or more risk factors. SWEDEN 2.8
practice. UK 3.1
NETHERLANDS 3.8
JAPAN 4.1
FRANCE 5.5
66 %
POLAND 9.7
USA 12.4
The number of road traffic deaths in Sweden
CHINA 18.2
decreased by 66% between 1990 and
BRAZIL 19.7
2015, making Sweden a leader in road INDIA 22.6
safety performance with 2.8 deaths per
100,000 inhabitants. S O U R C E : WO R L D H E A LT H O R G A N I Z AT I O N
18 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9Group to develop technical systems
PHOTO: SÖREN HÅKANLIND
that help drivers avoid accidents.
Many different players in society have
to take joint action. It doesn’t matter
how effective and safe the technology
we deliver is, we can’t reduce the
number of fatalities in traffic on our
own.”
T H E V O LV O G R O U P ’S partners in
this effort to increase traffic safety
include research institutes, authorities,
politicians, international organisations
and partners within technology
development.
“Together with transport companies,
we are working on driver training and
implementing important transport
policies, such as rest times and load
security. At the end of the day, it’s the
politicians who draw up legislation,
set technical requirements and decide
how the infrastructure is going to
be developed. But everything is
connected and that’s why we have to
focus on every dimension.”
The UN’s target of halving traffic
fatalities is reasonable, but achieving
it by 2020 was not realistic, according
Exchanging knowledge and experience globally in order to speed up developments regarding
traffic safety is the key to success. “Many different players in society have to take joint action,” to Peter Kronberg. At the same time,
says Peter Kronberg, Safety Director Volvo Group. he believes that the international
community actually knows which
measures are needed to create safer
Collaboration needed roads. The problem is mobilising
all the players that are needed and
finding cost-effective measures that
to reach global goals can realistically be implemented. The
largest number of traffic accidents
take place in countries that lack the
resources to invest in improvement
With its global presence, the Volvo Group is playing an active programmes. In spite of this, Peter
role in increasing traffic safety worldwide. At the same time, Kronberg can see changes that are
reaching the global goals also requires collaboration and pointing in the right direction.
international exchange.
“ I F W E LO O Kahead, I can see positive
developments in China and India,
T
H E V O LV O G R O U P has long believe in it. At the same time, we are for example. These countries have
had a social perspective that is aware that many things are outside our experienced fast economic growth
linked to the company’s legacy control. That’s why it’s important that and a large number of road fatalities,
and values relating to safety and the we collaborate with other players,” but they are now starting to invest in
environment. The zero-accident vision explains Peter Kronberg, Safety reversing this trend. Traffic safety is
is the overarching goal that governs all Director Volvo Group. the basis of an efficient, sustainable
the work. The key to success is exchanging transport system. That, in turn, is
“Our basic philosophy is that knowledge and experience globally in an important engine for driving
accidents can be prevented. That’s order to speed up developments. development and prosperity.”
the position we have taken and we “It isn’t enough for the Volvo G Ö R R E L E S P E LU N D
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 19TAG
AC CLI D
I NEN
E T RESE ARCH TE AM
LOOKING FOR
ANSWERS
During the past 50 years, the Volvo Accident Research
Team (ART) has investigated more than 1,700 road
traffic accidents involving Volvo trucks. Their knowledge
is helping to make its products even safer.
TEXT FRIDA WA L L PHOTO ANNA SIGVARDSSO N
20 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9Denis Mattsson, Andreas Ekfjorden
and Anna Theander work in the Volvo
Accident Team. Every year, the team
investigates between 25 and 30
accidents in which Volvo trucks have
been involved.
A
T 0 1 : 0 2 A M , an SOS operator scene of the accident. Among other things,
receives an emergency call telling they measure the skid marks, examine the road
them that a truck has collided surface and check if an airbag has been deployed
with a stationary truck on the and if the safety system on the Volvo FH4 has
E6 road, 30 kilometres outside functioned as intended. They take photos and
Gothenburg. Seven minutes document virtually the entire truck.
later, Anna Theander, Leader “We look for details that explain what caused
Volvo Accident Research Team (ART), receives the accident and what we can improve in the
an email with information about the accident. Anna Theander next model in order to prevent similar incidents.
“It was a really powerful collision that heavily This can involve anything from how much the
damaged the driver’s cab and caused the load to front of the truck has buckled, to small things like
spill all over the road. The driver was extremely a hose rupturing,” explains Anna Theander.
lucky to emerge unscathed,” says Anna Theander. ART’s mission is to conduct a detailed study
The following day, she and two of her of road accidents involving Volvo trucks. By
colleagues from ART make their way to the travelling to the scene of the accident and
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 21AC C I D EN T R E S E A R C H T E A M
At the scene of the accident, the team can also see how the surrounding conditions impact truck safety in accidents.
“Collision tests take place in a laboratory and are based on standard types of accidents. As no two accidents are the
same, we can find unique aspects in the field that can’t be recreated in a laboratory,” says Anna Theander.
“The purpose is for us to learn how our products
are impacted in different accident situations.”
A N N A T H E A N D E R , L E A D E R V O LV O A C C I D E N T R E S E A R C H T E A M
studying it, the truck and the driver’s behaviour, improvements and a theoretical exchange of
they can see what happened prior to the knowledge in the form of reports and lectures on
accident, the result and how it impacted the traffic safety.
vehicle. This work is being done in collaboration with
“The purpose is for us to learn how our the rescue services, vehicle recovery companies
products are affected in different accident and the police. The information and photographs
situations. That’s why we focus primarily on are jointly analysed by the entire team which
accidents involving new trucks, accidents that comprises of a network of ten people from
have serious consequences or accidents in which different parts of the Volvo Group. Based on
we can see a recurring pattern,” says Anna their findings, they then draw conclusions about
Theander. the things that need to be improved or modified
in future models. Sometimes comparisons are
S I N C E I T S F O R M AT I O N in 1969, ART has been made with similar accidents over time, to enable
one of the cornerstones of the work to realise the the team to identify patterns and trends in
zero accidents vision: that no Volvo trucks should which active measures in the form of product
be involved in road accidents. Over the years, development are needed.
they have compiled an enormous knowledge Denis Mattsson, Senior Fire and Accident
bank which has resulted in both concrete safety Investigator, points to a truck that is parked at
22 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9the Volvo Truck Center in Bäckebol, outside
Gothenburg. ACCIDENT
“We found that many accidents between trucks RESEARCH
TEAM
and pedestrians were a result of the driver not
seeing the pedestrian. As a result, the mirror on F
ounded in 1969.
the upper edge of the windscreen was developed. RT is part of
A
It gives the driver visibility immediately below Volvo Group Trucks
Technology.
the cab.”
very year, it
E
investigates
A N O T H E R E X A M P L E O F the way ART’s between 25 and
knowledge has been used in product 30 accidents
development is the Advanced Emergency in which Volvo
trucks have been
Braking System (AEBS), which has been a legal involved.
Reporting on
requirement in every new truck in Europe since ART comprises
2015. ten people with
This system warns the driver and automatically
traffic safety
various specialist
skills in the field of
applies the brake when a collision with a vehicle
traffic safety.
ahead is unavoidable. At Volvo Trucks, the
system is known as “Collision Warning with
ART focuses
primarily on
By seeing trends and patterns
Emergency Brake” and it was introduced back in accidents in in relation to when and how
2012. Sweden, but it
travels all over accidents occur, ART can map
The accident in which the Volvo FH4 was
involved on the motorway outside Gothenburg
the world to
investigate trucks
out an orientation for Volvo
could perhaps have been avoided if the truck had and accident Group’s safety development.
scenes.
been a more modern model with this system.
“So you can see that the knowledge we get “ D U R I N G T H E PA ST few years, we have,
from studying accidents really helps us develop for example, seen an increase in accidents
our products and make the trucks safer,” says between trucks and cyclists. But only by
Anna Theander. relating the increase in the number of
cyclists to the number of accidents can I
draw conclusions that show us where we
need to focus on developing safety systems
in this specific area,” explains Andreas
Ekfjorden, a data analyst at ART which is
involved in investigating and analysing data
from accidents all over the world.
The main result of Andreas Ekfjorden’s
work is the Volvo Safety Report, which
is published every two to three years. It
is based on European accident data and
various research projects. Compiling
and presenting statistics, causes and
consequences gives a clearer picture of the
real-life situation on the roads.
“This report aims to increase society’s
knowledge and understanding of traffic
accidents. Consequently, we also run
training on the results and the challenges
we face in the field of traffic safety.”
In his role as a data analyst, Andreas Ekfjorden benefits enormously from visiting the Would you like more information? The 2017
scenes of accidents. “To understand the figures, you need experience of the real-life Volvo Safety Report can be downloaded at
situations behind them,” he says. volvogroup.com and volvotrucks.com.
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 23V EH I C L E S A F E T Y
HOW IT WORKS
Modern travel
Every day, millions of people all over
the world travel by bus. Thanks to a
host of safety features, Volvo buses
are among the safest on the market.
W
H E N T H E N E W generation of the
Volvo 9900 and 9700 tourist coaches
were launched in 2018, it was Volvo
Buses’ most important news in this segment for
more than 20 years. These coaches are packed
with both updated and totally new characteristics
for protective and preventive safety including
driver support. The characteristics include
everything from electronic brake systems and
collision protection to advanced warning systems
in the event of dangerous traffic situations ahead.
Many of these systems work preventively
to reduce injuries in collisions or avoid them
completely.
“Some 90 per cent of all accidents are caused
by human error and misjudgement and all the
systems that provide the driver with support
help to reduce the risk of accidents. Some
examples in our new coaches include Forward
Collision Warning and Emergency Braking, Lane
Keeping Support and Adaptive Cruise Control,”
explains Peter Danielsson, Director Vehicle
Features and Safety at Volvo Buses.
S A F E T Y I S A top priority for both drivers and
passengers. Safer buses and coaches could even
be a big competitive advantage in business and
when companies are looking to employ new
drivers, according to Peter Danielsson.
“A number of surveys of bus drivers reveal
that when they are asked to choose the most
important features in the vehicles they drive,
safety really stands out. In addition, a safe
and comfortable bus can actually enable bus
operators to charge a premium price in some
markets.”
Peter Danielsson also mentions the trend
relating to accident statistics.
“It is continuously becoming safer to travel by
bus. In Europe the number of fatalities is falling
– by an average of seven per cent a year over the
past decade.”
M A R C U S O L SS O N
24 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9Safety is cool!
Discover some of the safety features
on a Volvo bus in Augmented Reality.
Download or update the app Volvo
Group AR Stories and interact with
the picture through the app.
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 25COLLISION TESTS
The algorithms
that can save you
Ones and zeroes have replaced sheet metal and sparks. In the
battle to prevent serious bus accidents, computer-simulated
collision tests have become an invaluable tool.
TEXT J I M M Y H Å KA N S SON I L LU ST R AT I O N VOLVO BUSES
2. If the tipping is not too large, the
bus will stay on its wheels.
1. If a bus drives into a
ditch, it starts to tip.
3. At a certain tipping angle,
the bus starts to free fall.
W
H E N YO U C L I M B on board a in as many situations as possible,” explains Sofie
modern Volvo bus, it will have Wistrand, Feature Leader of Collision Safety at
taken part in several hundred Volvo Buses.
collision tests, the overall aim For almost 20 years, Volvo Buses has been
of which is to ensure that you travel in safety. simulating vehicle collisions on computers.
However, most of these collision tests no longer However, it is only recently that the power of
take place on test tracks. They are instead processors has become so advanced that it is
conducted in server halls. possible to make digital copies of vehicles with
“Using computer simulations, we are able to far higher reliability.
conduct the same collision tests several times, “We divide the model into tiny, tiny pieces
but with minor adjustments. If, for example, and then calculate what happens to each
we simulate a frontal collision with a car, after individual element in a collision. Sometimes, we
every test, we are able to adjust the angle and also conduct a physical collision test in order to
start again to evaluate the structure of the bus compare the results with those of the simulations
26 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9and we have then found that the results of as a “residual space”. If the
physical tests and simulations are incredibly bus tips over, its design must
similar,” she says. withstand the force of the
Conducting safety tests on vehicles digitally has collision and, at the same
become increasingly common in the automotive time, leave a “residual space”
industry. However, in the case of buses, there for the passengers. Using
is another dimension of safety that needs to be simulations, Volvo Buses has
taken into account. been able to test a number
“In a bus, we have more people to protect Sofie Wistrand of scenarios, materials and
than the driver. We have all the passengers and designs in the hunt for the
their safety is just as important.” best possible solution.
“In simulations, we are able to evaluate vehicles
O F T H E B U S accidents that occur, there is one that haven’t even been built. This really speeds up
type that sticks out – bus roll-overs. This is the development process. Once we build the first
the accident type with the highest severity of buses, we know that they are crash-safe from the
injuries. To resolve this, there is what is known very start,” says Sofie Wistrand.
5. When the bus hits the
ground, it starts to deform.
6. When the bus structure has absorbed the
collision energy, it starts bouncing back.
“Using computer simulations,
4. During the free fall, the collision
energy increases.
we are able to conduct the same
collision tests several times, but
with minor adjustments.”
S O F I E W I S T R A N D , F E AT U R E L E A D E R O F C O L L I S I O N S A F E T Y AT V O LV O B U S E S
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 27CIT Y SAFE T Y
London has made eliminating road
collisions a top priority. Under one
draft proposal, all heavy goods
vehicles over 12 tonnes will need a
safety permit to operate in the city
from October 2020. Other cities and
EU legislators are taking notice.
TEXT L I N A TÖ R N Q U I S T & GEMMA WILSON- VIDA L
PHOTO V I C TO R H E R N ANDEZ , JA MES T Y E & K RIS WOO D
LONDON
CALLING
FOR CITY
SAFETY
28 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 29
CIT Y SAFE T Y
D
R I V I N G A T R U C K down London’s rowing number
G centre of its decision making and it is working
narrow streets means navigating of cyclists: While with vulnerable road user groups and vehicle
just 12,000 people
past delivery vans, Uber cabs and cycled during the makers, including Volvo Trucks, to find solutions.
the red double-decker buses, as Central London So, what can be done? One major plan under
well as pedestrians and the city’s rush-hour in way is to develop the world’s first Direct Vision
2000, 36,000
growing number of cyclists. With were present in
Standard (DVS) for heavy goods vehicles.
so many people and vehicles the same area at “Direct vision from the cab has been shown
competing for limited road space, the risks of the same time by to have a substantial impact on reducing danger
collision are high. 2014, according for people walking and cycling, as blind spots
to Transport for
The mix of trucks, cyclists and pedestrians in London. are a key factor in collisions,” says Will Norman,
London has proved particularly risky. From 2015- Walking and Cycling Commissioner at Transport
2017, heavy goods vehicles were involved in 25 for London.
per cent of pedestrian fatalities and more than raffic accidents
T
63 per cent of cyclist fatalities in the capital. This in London: More U N D E R T H E C U R R E N T proposal, all heavy goods
than 130 people
is despite making up only four per cent of road died on the roads
vehicles over 12 tonnes are rated from zero
miles driven in the city, according to statistics in London in 2017, (lowest) to five (highest) stars, based on how
from the city’s transport authority, Transport for while 3,750 people much drivers can see directly through their cab
were injured. Of
London. those that died, 73
windows. To enter London after October 2020,
While high, these statistics are not wholly were pedestrians a truck will need to either meet the minimum
unique to London. Research from the Volvo and 21 of those requirements for direct vision or show that
Accident Research Team shows that, in 2014, involved HGVs. the truck has other measures to reduce risks
about 1,230 or 32 per cent of fatalities from to vulnerable road users through, for example,
accidents with heavy goods vehicles in the EU cameras, sensors or visual warnings. By 2024,
involved vulnerable road users. While traffic heavy goods vehicles below three stars would
safety has improved overall, accident rates for be banned from London unless they prove
vulnerable road users have proved harder to compliance to a strict set of safety requirements.
bring down. To make its roads safer, Transport Volvo Trucks has been following the
for London has put reducing road danger at the developments in London closely: “We have
a long-standing collaboration with Transport
for London and have been
supporting them and our
customers through the
scheme’s various consultation
phases,” says Hannah Burgess,
Product Digital and Delivery
Director, Volvo Trucks.
“Safety is a Volvo core
value, so we see our role as
Hannah Burgess a contributor to a holistic
approach to urban safety.”
So far, the scheme has gone through three
sets of consultations with researchers, vehicle
manufacturers, the freight industry and cycling
and pedestrian groups. During the first phase of
consultation, it was found that the current fleet
of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) in London have
poor levels of direct vision. So, under current
proposals, equivalent measures such as cameras
“We are changing our approach to streets so that reducing road danger is at the
centre of our decision making,” says Will Norman, Walking and Cycling Commissioner that increase the overall safety of the vehicle will
at Transport for London. be permitted under the ‘Safe System’ scheme.
30 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9What do you think of the traffic situation in London?
Nigel Vidal, taxi driver Charlotte Evans, cyclist
“Driving in London is pretty stressful, particularly in rush “Traffic in London isn’t great – and, as a result, cycling is
hour. The city centre gets congested quickly and one-way becoming more popular. It’s nice to feel part of a cycling
systems mean there are limited shortcuts. One of the community on my commute and there’s been a lot of
biggest challenges is knowing all the streets in order to improvements with the introduction of dedicated cycle
get around quickly – alternative routes are a must! As a lanes and ‘quietways’. What’s disheartening, though, is
taxi driver, you strike up some interesting conversations when cyclists jump red lights and give the rest of us a bad
with people in the back of the cab.” name!”
Victor Asandi, pedestrian Manoj Popat, bus driver
“The traffic doesn’t really affect me – my commute is “As a bus driver, traffic isn’t really an issue because we
pretty good and I like walking around seeing London in have our own bus lanes. But it’s important to watch out
all its glory. Having said that, it can be frustrating to travel for pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. Driving around
when there are underground or bus delays. The biggest the city and seeing the sights is fun and we meet lots of
challenge, though, is travelling at peak times or in bad regulars and tourists too. Luckily, I always feel safe as I’m
weather – snow or rain can disrupt the whole system.” in a secure cabin and can alert the emergency services if I
ever need assistance.”
V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9 31CIT Y SAFE T Y
London’s population is expected to rise from from 8.9 million today to an estimated 10.8 million in 25 years’ time. The city’s transport strategy aims to
ensure that 80 per cent of all Londoners’ trips will be made on foot, by cycle or by using public transport by 2041.
There are still a number of key questions under Under any scenario, urban safety is set to
discussion, such how the scheme will be enforced continue to be a priority for London. The
and which parts of it will be ratified: “To make Direct Vision scheme for heavy goods vehicles
things even more complex for our customers, the is part of a myriad of measures to improve road
UK has two other competing safety compliance safety in the city, from cutting speed limits and
schemes for trucks, so many are feeling the strain tackling speed by redesigning streets to improving
of complying to multiple safety standards,” says enforcement and redesigning the city’s most
Hannah Burgess. dangerous junctions. By 2041, Transport for
London aims to have zero serious accidents or
fatalities on its roads, with 80 per cent of all
Londoners’ trips being made on foot, by cycle or
The Direct Vision Standard by using public transport.
T R A N S P O R T F O R LO N D O N has developed the world’s first O T H E R C I T I E S , AS well as EU legislators, are
Direct Vision Standard (DVS) to improve the safety of heavy looking to London for inspiration. Introducing
goods vehicles. a direct vision standard based on London’s star
Subject to consultation, enforcement of the scheme will rating system is now also under discussion in the
begin in October 2020 when all zero star HGVs over 12 tonnes EU, as part of an update of the General Safety
would be banned unless they offer a Safe System, a set of safety Regulations, which focus on protecting vulnerable
measures such as blind spot elimination and minimisation, road users. “We also know that Transport for
warning of intended manoeuvre and minimising the physical London is talking to other cities including New
impact of a hazard. York and Copenhagen. Mayors globally want to
Under current proposals, HGVs below three stars will be make their streets safer, so efforts like this are set
banned from London in 2024 unless they prove a ‘Progressive to spread,” says Hannah Burgess.
Safe System’. As the world looks to increase urban safety,
London is leading the way.
32 V O LV O G R O U P M A G A Z I N E 2 . 2 0 1 9You can also read
