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RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa
Vol. 6, No. 2 October 2020, Page 91-97
P-ISSN: 2406-9019
E-ISSN: 2443-0668
Available Online at https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/jret
Translation of Weiman Kou’s ‘Corona Virus’ Comic into
Indonesian: Covid-19 Prevention Educational Strategy
Mirsa Umiyati1* and I Gusti Ayu Agung Dian Susanthi2
1&2
Postgraduate Program in Linguistics, Universitas Warmadewa
Jl. Terompong No. 24, Tanjung Bungkak, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
1*
mirsa.umiyati2@gmail.com, 2gungdian03@gmail.com
Received: 11/08/2020 Revised: 15/10/2020 Published: 29/10/2020
How to cite (in APA style):
Umiyati, M., Susanthi, I, G, A, A, D. (2020). Translation of Weiman Kou’s ‘Corona Virus’ Comic into Indonesian: Covid-
19 Prevention Educational Strategy. Retorika: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 6(2), 91-97. doi:
https://doi.org/10.22225/jr.6.2.2211.91-97
Abstract - The Covid-19 pandemic having been spreading throughout the world has resulted in the
emergence of various literary works with the aim of educating the wider community on how to anticipate it.
One form of literary work helping educate and is well responded to by the community, especially school-
aged children, is comics. Comics are very effective in attracting people to listen and read since the
information is conveyed in attractive pictures and in easily digestible language. The comics written are
translated into various languages so that people in the regions and speakers of other languages can receive the
messages conveyed through the comics in question. Identifying the advantages of comics in educating the
prevention of Covid-19 around the world, this research focuses on examining the process of translating a
comic by Weiman Kou into Balinese. Translation is an effective way to develop learning, not only in college
but also in the wider community environment. This study examines the procedure for translating comics by
graduate students of linguistics. The results showed that the comic was translated by literal, calque, and
borrowing procedures. In order to achieve quality translation results, it is suggested that translating does not
only apply three types of procedures but also many other types of procedures, including communicative and
idiomatic procedures. By applying these procedures, the message conveyed is perceived the same to both the
source language reader and the target language reader.
Keywords: Equvalent Term; Comic; Covid-19 Pandemic; Translation Procedure
I. INTRODUCTION Indonesia are favored by readers. Therefore,
Many literary works from one language several comics written in foreign languages
have now been reported not only using the have become best-sold comics. Turning away
language itself but also using other languages from comic readers who understand foreign
through various media, including comics. languages, there are also readers who have no
Comic is a form of literary work that uses idea of the foreign language meanings. As a
immovable images arranged in such a way as solution this type of reader understands the
to form a storyline (Wafa’ & Tjahyadi, 2017). meaning of the text in the comic through the
Not only pictures, speech balloons are also interpretation of the meaning of the images
included in a comic. These speech balloons therein. However, can the message digested
are writings about what characters say. only through images be fully received by the
The foreign language comics in readers? Of course not. Therefore, translation
RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 2020 CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 License Page 91Translation of Weiman Kou’s ‘Corona Virus’ Comic into Indonesian: Covid-19 Prevention Educational Strategy
plays an important role at this level. types of translation based on global goals,
Translation is a process of transfering namely adaptation and naturalisation.
the meaning or ideas from the source Naturalisation is one of a number of
language (hereinafter is referred to as SL) into translation procedures proposed by
the target language (hereinafter is referred to (Newmark, 1998). Naturalisation as explained
as TL), including the transfer of style is a way of translating by adapting the SL
(Soemarno, 1983). Translation is defined as forms especially pronunciation as the first
an activity to reproduce messages from SL step. Naturalisation appears as a part of the
into TL using the closest, parallel and literal translation procedure which is
reasonable equivalent, both in the way of categorised as one of the types of borrowing
expressing the meaning and the style of (Vinay et al. 1995), or naturalised borrowing
writing (Pratama, 2016). Then, a translator (Molina & Albir, 2002) namely borrowing in
refers a person who transfers the meaning or which a term of SL is adjusted to the rules of
the ideas from the SL into the TL. Translation pronunciation and TL term spelling.
is certainly more effective in re-delivering Adaptation in translation is one of the
messages conveyed through the SL into the procedures applied in diverting messages
TL if it is carried out using certain techniques from SL into TL idiomatically. Adaptation is
or procedures (Ndruru, 2017). The translation “oblique translation”, namely the idiomatic
technique is a way to transfer the meaning of translation procedure proposed by Vinay et al.
the SL to the TL. This is in line with what was (1995). Several examples of adaptations can
stated by Benjamin (2011) that translation is a be found in a number of translations of
mode. More than that, the translation Indonesian texts into English and vice versa.
technique is a method used to transfer For example, in the context of
messages from SL to TL, applied at the level correspondence, ‘Dear Sir’ (English) has the
of words, phrases, clauses and sentences by equivalent Dengan Hormat (Indonesian) as a
referring to the canonical rules or structures of salutation expression in letter writing.
the TL, and not the structure of the SL Another example can be seen from the
(Hasyim, 2015). introduction of the terms keanekaragaman
Furthermore, technique is not the only hayati and ketahanan hayat to shift the
thing a translator needs. Translation of comics meaning of the English terms ‘biodiversity’
is carried out with several procedures, and ‘biosecurity’ (Jayantini, 2010).
including as mentioned by Pratama (2016) in There is a comic written by Weiman
her research that translation of comics is Kou, a painter, a comic being sought by many
based on procedures such as borrowing, translators everywhere. The comic is entitled
equality, translating person as idiomatic “Corona Virus (COVID-19)”. Corona virus
expressions, exclamation words and disease 2019 or is well known with term
translations, removing elements in translation, Covid-19 is a type of virus that attacks the
and changing the punctuation in translation. human lungs. So far, the prevention of the
Apart from the forms of speech baloons, corona virus is still being voiced on TV,
there are also various kinds of onamatopies YouTube and radio, but only this comic has
which are one of the things that need to be voiced prevention through a literary work.
taken into account when translating comics This comic has been translated into various
(Benjamin, 2011). Another and fundamental other local languages, including Balinese.
problem in translation is obtaining the A number of studies that have been
equivalence between SL to be translated and carried out support this research, including the
TL which is the result of the translation research on the error in the equivalent of
process. Equivalence can only be obtained if words in the translation text of Mini Crime
the translator understands the true meaning of “Dinner ohne Britta!” by students majoring in
the SL text and is able to re-convey it with the German Literature (Wulandari, 2018). The
correct composition and choice of words in research aims to identify the forms of word
the TL (Emzir, 2016). The equivalence is also equivalent in the translation text of Mini
voiced in the meaning of the translation itself. Krimi “Dinner ohne Britta!” which is
Speaking of translation, there are two translated by the students and explains the
Page 92 CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 License RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 2020Translation of Weiman Kou’s ‘Corona Virus’ Comic into Indonesian: Covid-19 Prevention Educational Strategy
causes of these errors. The results of this on translation quality (Wafa’ & Tjahyadi,
study reveal that there are 3 (three) forms of 2017). The purpose of this study is to analyse
equivalent word errors in the translated text, the translation techniques, methods and
including errors in matching words with ideology used by the translator in translating
words, errors in matching words with phrases, the forms and functions of directive
and errors in matching words with clauses. illocutionary speech act in these comics and
Moreover, it was also found that these errors to assess the quality of the translation of the
caused a mismatch of contextual meaning form and function of the directive
between SL and TL and ineffective sentences illocutionary speech act contained therein.
in TL. Additonally, it is revealed that there are The findings of this study indicate that there
three shortcomings of students, namely the are 273 directive illocutionary speech act
lack of vocabulary in German, a lack of discovered. The quality of the translation of
understanding of German and Indonesian directive illocutionary speech acts in the
culture, and limited time in translating. comic includes three aspects, namely
Another research is research conducted accuracy, acceptability, and readability. The
on translation techniques and the quality of translation quality of the directive
translation of sentences containing satirical illocutionary speech act in the comic tends to
expressions in the novel “The 100-Year-Old be good. The percentage of translation aspects
Man who Climbed Out of the Window and of accuracy, acceptability, and readability is
Disappeared” (Dhyaningrum et al., 2016). very high.
This study aims to determine the complexity Based on this background, the
sentences containing satirical expressions, equivalent words in translation of the Weiman
types of satirical expressions, rhetorical Kou’s “Corona Virus” (Covid-19) Comic in
devices in satirical expressions, translation Balinese are very important to be studied.
techniques, and the impact of translation What's more, the study of this object has
techniques on the quality of translation of never appeared in previous studies. In a
sentences containing satirical expressions in specific level, there are two objectives of this
those words. The results of this study research, namely to examine the procedure for
indicated that sentence constructions translating Weiman Kou’s “Corona Virus
containing satirical expressions consisted of (Covid-19)” comic in Balinese and the
complex sentences, simple sentences, ideology in translating the comic.
compound sentences, compound complex
sentences, and minor sentences. The types of II. METHOD
satirical expression consist of personal, This study makes use of qualitative
episodic, experimental and textual satires. The research method. The qualitative research
rhetorical devices that most often appear in method referred to here is a research method
satirical expressions are irony, ridicule, and used to examine objects and subjects naturally
sarcasm. The translation techniques that have and is not contrived and the role of the
the highest frequency are equivalent, researcher is as a key instrument (Sugiyono,
linguistic compression, pure borrowing, 2006). Furthermore, Sugiyono (2006) argued
transposition, and subtraction. Translation that qualitative design is a research design
techniques that appear most frequently make a whose data are in the form of qualitative
positive contribution to the overall quality of descriptisve, personal documents, field notes,
translation. From the assessment of the three respondent’s words and actions, documents,
quality aspects, the conclusion of the study is and others. The same thing view was stated
that translator is quite capable of applying by Moleong (1988) that qualitative research is
translation techniques. There is a positive a research in which data are collected in the
impact of the techniques applied and the total form of words, pictures, and not numbers.
translation quality. The data studied in this study are the
Other research related to this study the equivalent words found in the comic Weiman
one conducted on translation techniques, Kou's “Corona Virus (Covid-19)”. An excerpt
methods, ideology in the comic entitled from the text in the comic into Indonesian is
“Baby Blues Siaga Satu Anak Pertama by shown below.
Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott” and its effect
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Procedures for Translating Medical Terms
Based on the results of data analysis, it
was found that in translating medical terms
from English to Indonesian various translation
procedures were used. Among them are
borrowing, literal translation, calque, and
adaptation.
Borrowing
Borrowing is a translating technique by
taking words directly from SL as the
Fig 1. Excerpt of Text in “Corona Virus equivalent into TL. Molina & Albir (2002)
(COVID-19)” Comic explained that in the borrowing technique, a
translator can use two ways, the first is called
The data were collected through content pure borrowing and the second is called
analysis. Content analysis is a variety of forms naturalised borrowing. In pure borrowing the
of document analysis. The data that has been translator retains the SL word or term without
obtained are then analysed qualitatively making any changes into the TL. With the
through content analysis technique. According naturalised borrowing, the translator borrows
to (Spradley, 1980), content analysis includes SL words or terms, but the pronunciation of
several stages, namely; domain, taxonomy, the words is adjusted in the TL, mostly at
componential analysis, and finding cultural phonological level.
values. Content analysis was carried out by The transfer of terms using the
reading the comic “Corona Virus (COVID- borrowing technique found in the translation
19”, both the original comic and its translation of the comic "Corona Virus" is described as
into Balinese, identifying the equivalent words follows.
in the two versions of the comic, giving the
data codes, analysing the word equivalents by 1. If you just one Jika Anda
looking at the words in the comic. Corona of them is salah satu dari
Virus (COVID-19) and Balinese comic infected, the mereka yang
translation. After the data were analyzed, they virus might terinfeksi,
spread through virus mungkin
are presented descriptively.
you to everyone menyebar
else melalui Anda
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ke orang lain
This section describes the initial stages
of the analysis, namely the study of the 2. Separating Memisahkan
translation of the comic “Covid-19” from Covid 19 Covid-19
English into Indonesian. The written data of
this research were taken from these comics
and their translation into Indonesian in the Datum (1) shows the application of
translation class. The data is then grouped pure borrowing technique, in the occurrence
based on the problem formulations that have of borrowing the word SL ‘virus’, without
been described. making any changes to the TL version. In this
The analysis in this section is carried case, borrowing is used in specific health
out sequentially on each datum, namely science.
explaining the translation procedure and The application of foreignisation
followed by an analysis of the translation ideology in the translation is used when
ideology used in the translation process of the translating foreign a term. Translator in this
comic. Translation is carried out by the case students still retains the foreign term
second grader at the postgraduate students in form in TL. The word “virus” in SL is still
Linguistics of Universitas Warmadewa in the translated as virus in TL, without changing
Translation class. anything; this is where the pure borrowing
technique works. Meanwhile, the term in the
TL still contains foreign element and indicates
Page 94 CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 License RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 2020Translation of Weiman Kou’s ‘Corona Virus’ Comic into Indonesian: Covid-19 Prevention Educational Strategy
the application of foreignisation in the pronunciation adjustment in TL due to the
translation. different phonological system of the TL,
Likewise with datum (2) which shows namely the Indonesian phonological system.
pure borrowing application. In this This shows the application of the
translation, there is a borrowing technique domestication ideology in the translation of
applied to the translation of the SL term the term SL into TL.
‘Covid-19’, without making any changes to
the terms in TL. In this case, pure borrowing Literal Translation
is used in specific health science. Covid-19, Literal translation is done by translating
which stands for corona virus disease 2019, is word for word. Literal translation is also found
translated directly into the TL in an in the translation of the terms of health in the
abbreviated form ‘Covid-19’. comic “Covid 19” from English into
The application of foreignisation Indonesian. The following is an illustration.
ideology in translation is realized when
translating foreign term. Translators in this 5. If you are able Jika Anda dapat
case are the postgraduate students, still retain to work or bekerja atau
foreign term in TL. The term ‘virus’ in SL is study at home belajar di
still translated into a virus on the TL, without and visit only rumah dan
essential hanya
making any changes, and the phenomenon is
places when mengunjungi
called pure borrowing application process. In you need to, it tempat-tempat
this process, the application of the will help to penting ketika
foreignisation process in the translation is greatly reduce Anda perlu, itu
shown. the spread akan sangat
membantu
3. People with Penderita mengurangi
asthma or poor asma atau penyebaran
immunity. kekebalan
buruk. 6 So let’s do our Jadi mari kita
part to stay lakukan bagian
4. Rubs with 60% Gosok dengan safe and kita untuk tetap
to 95% of alkohol 60% protect others aman dan
alcohol are hingga 95% from this melindungi
most effective paling efektif virus! orang lain dari
against viruses. melawan virus. virus ini!
Datum (3) shows the realisation of the 7 Separating Memisahkan
application of naturalised borrowing covid-19 covid-19
technique. In the translation results, it can be
seen that there is a technique of borrowing to Data (5), (6) and (7) show the phrases
the SL word ‘asthma’ into the TL but the translated word for word from SL into TL.
pronunciation of the word is adjusted to the Among other things, ‘…reduce the spread’
pronunciation of the TL word sound system, (SL) is translated to mengurangi penyebaran
and then it becomes ‘asthma’. In this case, the (TL), ‘…stay safe’ (SL) is translated into tetap
word ‘asthma’ has undergone an adjustment in aman (TL), and ‘separating Covid-19’ is also
pronunciation in the TL, namely Indonesian. translated word for word into TL to
This shows the application of the memisahkan covid-19. Therefore, the
domestication ideology in the translation translation in this section applies the literal
process, because pronunciation has been translation technique. Loss and gain of
adjusted to the TL sound pronunciation information does not occur in these data.
system.
Likewise with datum (4), which shows Domestication in Translation
the application of naturalised borrowing Translation of the data (5), (6) and (7)
technique. In SL there is the word ‘alcohol’ above is done literally. This shows the
but it is translated as ‘alkohol’ in TL. In this application of the domestication ideology in
case, the SL word ‘alcohol’ has undergone a the translation. Domestication in this
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translation is exposed because the term health In other words, the translator replaces
is translated into the TL without any foreign elements of SL culture with cultural elements
elements that are still attached to the TL that have the same characteristics in the TL
and those cultural elements are familiar to TL
8. keep hands menjaga readers. The results of this study also indicate
clean kebersihan the application of this ideology in translating
tangan the comic “Covid-19” as shown in the
following illustration.
Datum (8) shows the translation is done 10. Stay in touch Tetap
word for word from SL into TL, such as the with them in berkomunikasi
phrase ‘keeps hands clean’ (BSu) translated as other ways! dengan mereka
menjaga kebersihan tangan (TL). Hence, this dengan cara
translation is included in the category of literal lain! tetap
translation. However, hands clean in SL menjalin
translates to kebersihan tangan in TL. This komunikasi
indicates a shift in translation. The shift can Datum (10) shows the application of
occur because SL and TL have different adaptation technique, especially in translating
structures. In datum (5), there is a shift in the the phrase ‘saty in touch’ which literally
structure from SL to TL, in that, the position means sentuh in TL. However, in this context,
of the MODIFIER and HEAD in SL and the use of the phrase ‘stay in touch’ can
Indonesia in phrase construction is different. contain the meaning of tetap berkomunikasi
In other words, Indonesian has a phrase used in the TL. In other words, the translator
structure, M-M (modified-modifier), while replaces elements of SL culture with cultural
English has an M-M (modifier-modified) elements that have the same characteristics in
structure. the TL and those cultural elements are familiar
to the TL readers. In datum 10, it is clear that
Calque the element of the domestication ideology is
Vinay et al. (1995) explain that an SL realised, namely in translation by replacing the
word or phrase is translated and used directly term with a cultural elements that is familiar to
in TL. This technique has a special TL readers.
characteristic, in that, the occurrence of SL
structural interference in the TL and IV. CONCLUSIONS
translation is carried out literally or literally. The results of the research and
discussion that have been presented in the
9. alcohol-based handrub previous sections produce several conclusions
hand rub berbasis alcohol to be drawn on in this study. Firstly, there are
several procedures implemented by the
Datum (9) show that the SL phrase translator, in this case the second grader of
'alcohol-based handrub' is translated directly postgraduate students in Linguistics of
into one TL phrase, namely handrub Universitas Warmadewa in translating the
berdasarkan alkohol, so that the translation comic “Covid-19” as part of practical work in
shows the application of the calque procedure, the Translation class. The translation referred
namely the occurrence of TL structural to is the translation of English medical terms.
interference. In this data, it is clear that there is Each of them is borrowing, literal translation,
foreignisation in the translation, because calque, and adaptation. In the borrowing
foreign terms are retained in the TL. procedure, students applied pure borrowing
and naturalised borrowing. In applying the
Adaptation literal translation procedure, students
Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti, 2000) translated SL word for word into TL. The
explained that adaptation is a translation calque procedure was applied by taking SL
technique by replacing SL elements with elements and reusing them as a substitute for
elements that are accepted and familiar in TL. TL elements, causing interference to occur in
SL. Adaptation was applied when the
Page 96 CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 License RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 2020Translation of Weiman Kou’s ‘Corona Virus’ Comic into Indonesian: Covid-19 Prevention Educational Strategy
translator replaced elements of SL culture with Translating John Grisham’s “A Time to
cultural elements that have the same Kill” Novel into Indonesian. RETORIKA:
characteristics in the TL and those cultural Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 3(2), 201–210.
elements are familiar to TL readers. Newmark, P. (1998). Textbook of Translation (1st
ed.). Pearson Education.
Pratama, D. A. (2016). Prosedur Terjemahan dalam
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