UL Flammable Refrigerants: An Overview of Codes and Standards Activities - Eurovent
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UL Flammable Refrigerants: An Overview of Codes and Standards Activities Copyright© 2018 UL LLC. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted in any form without the express written permission of UL LLC, or as otherwise provided in writing.
Introduction
Brian Rodgers
Principal Engineer – Heating,
Ventilating & Large-Scale Cooling
Background
Brian has more than 27 years of experience in Standards and holds
Brian Rodgers
numerous leadership roles with multiple Standards developing
Principal Engineer – Heating,
organizations including a voting member of ASHRAE 15, 15.2, 37,
Ventilating & Large-Scale Cooling
MTG.LowGWP, and corresponding member of ASHRAE TC 2.9 and
TC 8.11. Convener of IEC 61C MT1 for (IEC 60335-2-34 for motor
compressors), member of IEC SC 61C WG 4, member of IEC SC
61D, WG9, WG16, and WG18 Convenor of WG17 (IEC 60335-2-40),
member of the US TAG for IEC SC61 C and D, member of CANENA
SC61D 10 and 11 for UL1995/CSA 236 and UL/CSA60335-2-40.
Brian is also a William Henry Merrill Society member (DTMS). He has
extensive experience in the development of US, regional and
international safety standards and was recognized with the "1906
Award" for his work on IEC SC61C MT1 for motor compressors.
Heating, Ventilating & Large-Scale Cooling
Standards and Building Code Process
ICC
ASHRAE § Model Building Codes
§ Int’l Mechanical Code (IMC)
§ Safety Classification
§ Int’l Residential Code (IRC)
§ Std. 34
§ Int’l Fire Code (IFC) BUILDING
§ Application Safety
Standards CODES
IAPMO § State
§ Std. 15, 15.2 (future)
§ Model Building Codes § Local MARKET
§ Uniform Mechanical Code § Municipal USERS
(UMC)
IEC EPA SNAP
UL
Product Safety Standards
• UL 484
• UL 1995
• UL 60335-2-40
...
Global Refrigerant Standards and Codes
Revisions to Support 2L, 2 & 3 Refrigerants Complete Under Revision No Activity
Safety Standards
Refrigerant
Standards/Regulations Equipment Application Building & Other Codes Local Codes
IMC/UMC - International
Montreal Protocol/Kigali UL60335-2-40 3rd ASHRAE 15 Mechanical Code
(GWP Phasedown) Heating and Cooling Safety for Commercial
(Developed) Equipment Refrigeration Systems IRC - International
Residential Code State, County & City
Building Codes
SNAP UL 471 ASHRAE 15.2
Significant New Alternatives Commercial Refrigerators & Safety for Residential IBC / IEBC - International
Policy Program Freezers Refrigeration Systems Building Codes
State Regulations IFC - International Fire Code
UL 621 NFPA 70, 90A, 90B
(i.e. California ARB Insurance Company
Ice Cream Makers HVAC Applications Codes
Proposition 32)
Rules
NFPA 1 - Fire Code
ASHRAE 34
ASME Section VIII DOT Transportation
Designation and Safety
Classification of Refrigerants Pressure Vessels Standards NFPA 101 - Safety Code
Ongoing 2016-2017 2018-2021 2018-2028
Montreal Protocol/Kigali IEC 60335-2-40 6th B52 (Canada)
(GWP) Heating and Cooling Safety for Commercial
(Developed Developing) Equipment Refrigeration
Local Building Codes?
IEC 60335-2-89 ISO-5149
F-Gas Regulations Commercial Refrigerating Safety & Environmental
(GWP Phasedown) Appliances Requirements Country Specific Building
and Fire Codes
IEC 60335-2-24 EN - 378
Country Regulations Refrigerating Appliances, Ice- Refrigerating Systems and
(i.e. Switzerland, Australia) Cream and Ice Makers Heat Pumps Insurance Company
Rules
ISO-817 Designation and Pressure Vessel Standard GHS Transportation
Safety Classification (PED, JIS, etc.) Standards
Ongoing 2014-2018 2018-2021 2019-2025
UL Flammable Refrigerants JTG
In February 2011, UL facilitated the initial JTG meeting in Las Vegas, NV. Towards the end of this
meeting, the JTG established three Working Groups (WGs).
1 2 3
WG 1 was asked to WG 2 was asked to WG 3 was to address requirements
develop requirements for develop similar for the testing and evaluation of
flammable refrigerants requirements for flammable refrigerants
applicable to air refrigeration equipment. (including the new A2L types) and
conditioning equipment. take into consideration the
recommended requirements of the
equipment WGs.
Each WG subsequently met a number of times throughout 2011 via teleconference as well as
face-to-face. The full JTG met a second time in January 2012 at UL’s Northbrook, IL office.
UL Air-Conditioning Standards
UL 484 – Room UL 474 – Dehumidifiers UL 60335-2-40 –
Air Conditioners Household and Similar
Electrical Appliances
Published 3x LFL limit No flammable Part 2: Particular Requirements
requirements planned for Heating and Cooling
(being superseded by UL Equipment Edition 1; current
60335-2-40) deviation to not allow
flammable refrigerants
• The 2nd edition has requirements for flammable refrigerants similar to UL 484
• Proposed 3rd edition will have enhanced requirements for A2L flammable refrigerants
Key Proposed Requirements For the 3rd Edition UL 60335-2- 40 the Safety Standard for Air Conditioning Equipment Refrigerant Refrigerant Piping Source Of Ignition Hot Increased Detection Surfaces Charge System Limits
Venting
§ Section 608 of the Clean Air Act
prohibits any venting or release of
refrigerants during maintenance,
service, repair or disposal
§ During service, other parts of the
world allow venting of hydrocarbons
§ The EPA recently ruled that venting
of certain hydrocarbon refrigerants
is acceptable, including isobutane
and propane. They do not pose a
threat to the environment.
P § R-32 CANNOT be vented O
UL JTG Flammable Refrigerants WG2 UL Refrigeration Standards
UL 250 – Household UL 399 – Drinking Water
Refrigerators and Freezers; Coolers; published 60
published 57 gram limit gram limit
UL 471 – Commercial UL 541 – Refrigerated
Refrigerators and Freezers; Vending Machines;
published 150 gram limit published 150 gram limit
UL 60335-2-24 – Household and
UL 563 – Ice Makers;
Similar Electrical Appliances,
Part 2: Particular Requirements published 150 gram limit
for Refrigerating Appliances,
Ice-Cream Appliances and
Ice-Makers; published 50 gram
limit (limit will be changed shortly)
International Standards
IEC 60335-2-24 – Particular requirements ISO 817 – Refrigerants – Designation and
for refrigerating appliances, ice-cream safety classification
appliances, and ice-makers ISO 5149 – Refrigerating systems and heat
IEC 60335-2-34 – Particular Requirements pumps – Safety and environmental
for Motor-Compressors requirements – Part 1: Definitions,
classification and selection criteria
IEC 60335-2-40 – Particular requirements
for electrical heat pumps, air conditioners,
and dehumidifiers
IEC 60335-2-89 – Particular requirements
for commercial refrigerating appliances with
an incorporated or remote refrigerant unit or
compressorStatus of UL 60335-2-40
Particular requirements for electrical heat pumps,
air conditioners, and dehumidifiers
§ IEC 60335-2-40 6th edition was published in
January 2018
§ IEC SC61D WG 9 working on comments that did
not reach consensus in time for publication
§ IEC SC61D WG16 working on requirements
increase the charge limits for A3 refrigerants
§ IEC SC 61D WG17 working on the comments
received from TC 31J and refrigerant detectors
§ IEC SC 61D WG 18 working on requirements for
altitudes over 200 feet and charge correctionsIEC 60335-2-89
Particular requirements for commercial refrigerating
appliances with an incorporated or remote refrigerant
unit or compressor.
§ IEC SC 61C WG4 to continue the discussion on
new requirements for increased charge limits for
A2 and A3 refrigerants used in IEC 60335-2-89.ASHRAE 34 Background
§ ASHRAE 34 – Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants
§ Refrigerants are categorized for toxicity
“A” “B”
Lower Higher
Toxicity Toxicity
§ Refrigerants are classified with respect to flammability
“2L”
“1” “2” Lower “3”
No Lower Burning Higher
Flammability Flammability Flammability
Velocity
§ Commonly used flammable refrigerants
A3 Propane (R290) A3 Isobutane (R600a)
B2L Ammonia (R717) A2L R32ASHRAE Standard 15 Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems
§ Applicable to all mechanical refrigeration systems
§ Only appliances using A1 refrigerant acceptable for use
in corridors or lobbies
§ A3 / B3 refrigerants not permitted unless approved
(7.5.3)
§ Exception – A3 may be employed in portable equipment
(e.g. cord / plug connected refrigerators and freezers)
with max charge of 150g
§ A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 not permitted for comfort cooling
(7.5.2)
§ Exception – Listed Sealed absorption (ammonia)
systems and Listed self contained unit systems may
employ up to 3kg (residential) or 10kg (commercial)Other Addendums
Addendum Review Dates
A A (remove R-717) Final Published 2019
D (direct systems for
Final Published 2019
human comfort)
E (refrigerant
Final Published 2019
conversion & mixing)
H (in machinery Published 2019
Final
rooms)
15.2P (small Resolving comments
APR1
residential) August 2018ASHRAE Standard 15.2 Safety Standard for Residential
Refrigeration Systems
§ ASHRAE Standard 15.2 Is currently being developed for
split system air-conditioners, single package air-
conditioners, split system heat pumps, single package
heat pumps, whole house dehumidifiers, whole house
dehumidifiers/ventilators, and permanently connected
heat pump water heaters in the following applications
§ i. Air-conditioning and heat pump systems that serve a
single dwelling unit or sleeping unit in a residential
occupancy.
§ ii. Air-conditioning and heat pump systems that serve a
garage pool house or similar building that is accessory
to a residential occupancy specified in “i” above.2017 State Code Adoptions
2017 State Mechanical Code Adoptions 2015 ICC International Mechanical Code
Effective Date: April 19, 2017
2012 ICC International Mechanical Code
2009 ICC International Mechanical Code
2006 ICC International Mechanical Code
2015 IAPMO Uniform Mechanical Code
2012 IAPMO Uniform Mechanical Code
No Statewide Adoption Predominantly
International Mechanical Code
No Statewide Adoption IMC & UMCModel Code Inclusion of A2L Safety Standards for HVAC
2021 IMC 2024 IMC
§ Standards § Standards
4 ASHRAE 15 2019 (date only) 4 ASHRAE 15 2019
• Addendums d and h could be approved if 4 ASHRAE 15.2
complete by October 2018 4 UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 3
4 UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 2 § Development schedule
4 UL 60335 -2-40 Ed. 3 if out for ballot January 4 Code proposals submitted in 1/2021
2019 and published October 2018 4 Public February 2021
§ Development schedule 4 Committee action hearings April 2021
4 Committee action hearings April 2018 4 Public comments due July 2021
4 Public comments due July 16, 2018 4 Final action hearings October 2021
4 Final action hearings October 2018 4 Published Fall 2023
4 Administrative 1/7/2019 § State adoption begins in 2024
4 Published Fall 2020
§ State adoption begins in 2021 Fully enables 2022 ASHRAE 34 approved A2L refrigerants in all
commercial HVAC applications.
Fully enables all 2019 ASHRAE 34 approved A2L refrigerants in
chillers (indirect) & Listed equipment < 3Kg. regardless of
ASHRAE Addendum h. Needs UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 3 to allow for
use in unitary/VRF (>3Kg direct).Model Code Inclusion of A2L Safety Standards for HVAC
2021 UMC 2024 UMC
§ Standards § Standards
4 ASHRAE 15 2019 (date only) 4 ASHRAE 15 2019
4 UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 2 4 UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 3
4UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 3 if consensus draft by 3/2019 § Development schedule
and published by 9/24/2019 4 Code proposals submitted 3/2021
§ Development schedule 4 Public in April 2021
4 Code proposals submitted 3/16/2018 4 Committee meetings May 2021
4 Public on April 13, 2018 4 Public comments due January 2021
4 Committee meetings May 15 – 18, 2018 4 Final committee meetings April/May 2022
4 Public comments due January 3, 2019 4 Technical convention September 2022
4 Final committee meetings April 29 – May 2, 2019 4 Published early 2024
4 Technical convention September 24, 2019 § State adoption begins in 2024
4 Published early 2021 4 CA - 2025 Title 24
§ State adoption begins in 2021
4 CA - 2022 Title 24 Fully enables 2022 ASHRAE 34 approved A2L refrigerants in all
commercial HVAC applications.
Fully enables all 2019 ASHRAE 34 approved A2L refrigerants in
chillers (indirect) & Listed equipment < 3Kg. Needs UL 60335-2-
40 Ed. 3 for use in unitary/VRF (>3Kg direct).Model Code Inclusion of A2L Safety Standards for HVAC
2021 IRC 2024 IRC
§ Standards § Standards
4 ASHRAE 34 2019 4 ASHRAE 15 2019
4 UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 2 4 UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 3
4 UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 3 if draft for ballot by § Development schedule
1/24/2019 and published by 10/1/2019 (ICC 4 Code proposals to be submitted in 1/2021
decides qualification)
4 Public February 2021
§ Development schedule
4 Committee action hearings April 2021
4 Committee action hearings April 2018
4 Public comments due July 2021
4 Public comments due July 16, 2018
4 Final action hearings October 2021
4 Final action hearings October 2018
4 Published Fall 2023
4 Published Fall 2020
§ State adoption begins in 2024
§ State adoption begins in 2021
4 CA – 2025 Title 24
4 CA - 2022 Title 24
Fully enables ASHRAE 34 2022 approved A2L refrigerants in
Fully enables all 2019 ASHRAE 34 approved A2L refrigerants in RES applications.
RES if UL 60335-2-40 Ed. 3 is approved.Registration Now Available
This two-day event will feature presentations on the most recent flammable refrigerants testing
results, and will allow time for attendees and presenters to discuss a path forward regarding
necessary updates to safety standards and codes resulting from the research, as well as future
research.
Registration is limited to 150 attendees
October 8-9, 2018
UL, Northbrook, Ill.
This meeting is critical to the discussion surrounding a global plan to phase down high -GWP
refrigerants. The industry researched and identified potential alternative refrigerants, ma ny of which
are low toxicity and low-GWP, but are classified as mildly flammable or flammable. As such, AHRI,
ASHRAE, the California Air Resources Board, and the U.S. Department of Energy initiated a $5.6
million research program to develop the technical knowledge needed to facilitate and accelerate the
safe use of flammable refrigerants for the industry, standards, and codes communities. Join us at UL
to review the results and plan a path forward.
Questions? Contact Xudong Wang at xwang@ahrinet.org.ASHRAE-WS 1806: Flammable Refrigerants Post-Ignition
Risk Assessment
§ AHRI has sponsored studies to quantify the
probability of ignition events occurring with
A2L refrigerants in a number of applications
§ The severity of these events is currently being
determined experimentally in whole-room tests
under AHRTI 9007 for a limited number of
situations
§ The objective of this project (1806) is to
complete these risk assessments by
determining the severity of ignition events for a
wider range of applications through computer
simulationsASHRAE-WS 1807: Guidelines for Flammable Refrigerant
Handling, and Equipment Servicing and Installation
North America HVAC&R Industry
Need more information on potential issues
associated with installing, servicing, and
maintaining equipment containing A2L and A3
refrigerants.
Outside of North America
Several countries are adopting the use of
flammable refrigerants, but their specific
requirements for safe handling and use are
unknown to the U.S. HVAC&R industry.ASHRAE-WS 1809: Servicing and Installing Equipment using
Flammable Refrigerants
Assessment of Field-Made Mechanical Joints
Which field-made joints being used to connect refrigerant piping and system components in HVAC&R
Q equipment are suitable for use with flammable refrigerants?
Durable
Durable, leak-tight joints allow refrigeration
systems to operate reliably and efficiently and
helps ensure safe system operation to protect
Leak- property and personnel.
Tight
Joining techniques prone to failure in the field should not be usedAHRTI Investigating the Proper Basis for Setting Charge
Limits of A2L, A2, and A3 for Various Types of Products
§ Contractor reviews existing
information on available studies and
methodologies for determining safe
charge limits for equipment
employing flammable refrigerants
§ Contractor then evaluates different
leak source and rate scenarios for
various types of equipment
employing A2L refrigerants using
CFD dispersion modelingAHRTI 9007 - Objective
§ Conduct A2L refrigerant leak and ignition testing
under whole-room conditions
§ Investigate control limits and safety factors that are
proposed by draft versions of IEC 60335-2-40, IEC
60335-2-89
§ Determine main effects that impact the severity of
2L refrigerant thermal events
§ Document the refrigerant concentration profiles
versus previous CFD models
§ Document any thermal events for future
deflagration modeling
§ Investigate other factors that may drive variability
or that have been overlooked by safety standardsAHRTI-9008: Investigation of Hot Surface Ignition
Temperatures for A2L Refrigerants
The objective of this project is to establish a
standard Hot Surface Ignition Temperature
(HSIT) test method, and conduct the HSIT
testing for various A2L refrigerants at various
ambient conditions.AHRTI-9009: Refrigerant Leak Detector Long-Term
Reliability Assessment
AHRTI 9009, Leak Detection of A2L
Refrigerants in HVACR Equipment.
The objective of this project is to conduct a
thorough review of sensor technologies
that can be used to detect A2L refrigerants
and can easily be integrated into our
equipment.NFPA – Evaluation of the Fire Hazard of ASHRAE Class A3 Refrigerants
AHRTI 9007-02 - A3 Study This is the follow-on study investigating leaks and ignitions for A3 refrigerants. IEC standards for refrigeration equipment (60335-2-89) and air conditioning equipment (60335-2-40) are being revised for use of small quantities of A3s. Financial support has been provided by the California Air Resources Board. Test protocols used in this work generally follow those used in the original 9007 study. R-290 is the A3 chosen for investigation. Leakage rates for AC equipment were adjusted down to reflect different saturation pressures. For refrigeration, the equipment was evaluated according to the current CDV version of 60335-2-89 which prescribes leakage rates. Only smaller capacity AC and refrigeration equipment was used since it is not envisaged that A3s will be used in larger direct systems. A PTAC unit and a high-wall mini-split indoor unit were used in AC tests and two different reach-in coolers were used for refrigeration tests (single door with internal volume of 0.595m3 and three-doors with internal volume of 1.87m3).
Visit www.ul.com for White Papers:
url
Update - Revisiting Flammable Refrigerants
and the original,
Revisiting Flammable Refrigerants
Questions?
CONTACT US
1-877-UL-HELPS
Randall.J.Haseman@UL.com
@ Brian.Rodgers@UL.comThank you! Copyright© 2017 UL LLC. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted in any form without the express written permission of UL LLC. or as otherwise provided in writing.
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