Work package 5: Dissemination First summary paper: Determining the state of the art
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Work package 5: Dissemination
First summary paper: Determining the state of the art
Date: November 2012
Deliverable D5.2
TRACY
Transport needs for an
ageing society
Page
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework |1
Programme
(FP7- TPT-2011-RTD-1) under grant agreement n° 285613.
This publication solely reflects the authors’ views. The European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the
information contained herein.
TRACY Deliverable D5.2
Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Methods................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Next stages of the project ....................................................................................................... 5
2. Demographics of the ageing society .......................................................................................... 6
2.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 6
2.2. Demographic trends ................................................................................................................ 6
2.3. Transport trends .................................................................................................................... 10
2.4. Summary ............................................................................................................................... 11
3. Literature review: what is known about the transport needs of the ageing society?.......... 12
3.1. Introduction............................................................................................................................ 12
3.2. The relationship between transport and mobility .................................................................. 12
3.3. Transport and ageing – what needs to be considered? ........................................................ 12
3.4. Driving and travelling by car .................................................................................................. 13
3.5. Travelling by public transport ................................................................................................ 13
3.6. Walking and cycling .............................................................................................................. 14
3.7. The role of reducing the need for transport........................................................................... 14
4. EU wide policies .......................................................................................................................... 15
5. Overview of results from policy research ................................................................................ 16
5.1. Introduction............................................................................................................................ 16
5.2. Policy tables – EU27 ............................................................................................................. 16
5.3. Non-EU countries included in the review .............................................................................. 23
6. Conclusions and next steps ...................................................................................................... 26
7. References. .................................................................................................................................. 27
7.1. Sources for section 2 ............................................................................................................ 27
7.2. Sources for section 5 ............................................................................................................ 28
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List of figures
Figure 1: Population growth projection between 2010-2030 ................................................... 6
Figure 2: Old-age dependency ratio, 2010 ............................................................................. 7
Figure 3: Old-age dependency ratio, projection 2050 ............................................................. 8
Figure 4: Old-age income poverty rates, 2008 ........................................................................ 9
Figure 5: Percentage of females over 60 living alone, 2009 ................................................... 9
Figure 6: Passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants, 2009 .......................................................... 10
Figure 7: Modal split of passenger transport, 2008 ............................................................... 11
Table of tables
Table 1: Overview – range of existing policies ...................................................................... 16
Table 2: Table of policies identified by country (EU27 countries) ......................................... 17
Table 3: Table of policies identified by country (non-EU27 countries) .................................. 23
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TRACY Deliverable D5.2
1. Introduction
Transport needs in an ageing society (TRACY) is a two year research project funded under
the EU FP7 programme. The project has three main aims:
To provide a systematic review of policies and programmes that address the mobility
related needs of older people in the 27 EU states, associated countries and in Japan,
Australia, New Zealand and the USA.
To analyse the extent to which this ‘state of the art’ is fit for purpose in addressing
transport needs in an ageing society.
To identify research gaps and contribute towards a strategy capable of tackling these
needs.
This first summary paper forms the second deliverable of Work Package (WP) 5, and
summarises the deliverable D2.2 (WP2-report). Following this brief introduction, an overview
of trends relating to ageing and transport in the countries studied in the project is presented.
This basic information sets the context for Section 3, which contains a very brief review of
research literature that is of relevance to the project. Sections 4 and 5 present summaries of
the policies and programmes pursued by, first, the European Union and, second, individual
countries. The inclusion of the EU-level information sets those policies and programmes
adopted by EU-member states into context. A short conclusion brings the report to a close.
The large two appendices of WP2-report which contain detailed information from which the
summaries of this report are derived, are not part of this first summary paper. These
appendices contain a full bibliography of relevant research literature (Appendix A) and the
main research findings of WP2 (Appendix B). Therein each country has its own dedicated
‘information pack’ that includes:
a ‘factsheet’ of background demographic and other data;
summary information about its governance environment and how this determines the
provision of transport and related services;
a categorised summary sheet of national-level policies;
a detailed summary of national level policies and programmes, their principal
components and characteristics of relevance to the aims of the project.
Please note that any analysis of the policies and programmes are part of WP3.
1.1. Methods
There were four stages of data collection. These were designed to provide as much
information as possible in relation to:
An overview of key demographic trends in relation to ageing and transport in each
country.
Method: Desktop review of key trends from sources including Eurostat, the World Data
Bank, the OECD and the United Nations’ Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
A review of research literature concerning transport, mobility and older people.
Method: Use of online sources of scientific publications on the basis of a number of key
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TRACY Deliverable D5.2
words (see WP2, page 9) with limitation on native languages of the project partners
(English, German, Spanish and Norwegian).
The basic governance and demographic characteristics of each country.
Method: Desk based review of national government websites in relation to the
responsibility for the design and delivery of transport policy and to other policy areas
relevant to transport for older people (e.g. health, social services, development planning
and virtual accessibility).
A review of EU-wide and national level policies and programmes in each country to
address the transport and mobility needs of older people.
Method: Data collection from desk-based reviews for all countries and a series of
interviews with selected experts in 21 of the countries (Austria, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
United Kingdom). For including policies and programmes three key principles were
established:
o Policies and programmes must be applicable at the national level (Exception:
examples that were set out at the national level and delivered at the local level).
Where the stated policy was that matters should be devolved to a lower tier of
government this was noted in the governance section.
o Policies and programmes must refer to older people within their content.
The main characteristics of each of the policies and programmes were summarised in a
bespoke table that also required commentary relating to a range of factors including safety,
infrastructure, systems, geography and sustainability (see WP2 report, Annex B).
Interviews were held with expert national level policy makers identified through document
searches, internet searches and personal contacts. Where it was not possible to identify
policy makers in the specific field of transport and older people, the most appropriate
alternative interviewee was chosen (see WP2 report, page2). The interviews were
undertaken face to face as far as possible and occasionally by telephone.
1.2. Next stages of the project
WP3 will draw upon the information presented in this report to undertake a detailed critical
analysis of the policies and programmes identified, and consider these approaches in the
context of broader social, economic and environmental imperatives. This will result in a
comprehensive overview of the mobility needs and practices of older people, an assessment
of the effectiveness of current policies and the identification of research gaps.
WP 4 will develop an action plan to inform current policy and practice in transport and
mobility needs for an ageing society. This will be divided into sections that cover guidelines
relating to specific modes, and the definition of research topics and strategic issues.
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2. Demographics of the ageing society
2.1. Introduction
This section discusses a number of key demographic and transport trends that together
provide a backdrop to the challenges faced across and beyond the European Union in
relation to ageing.
2.2. Demographic trends
Figure 1 shows population projections from 2010 to 2030. While the average growth is
expected to be about 5% by 2030, three major groups of countries can be identified:
Switzerland, Belgium, UK, the Republic of Ireland, Sweden, Norway, Cyprus and
Luxembourg have high projected growth of between 10% and 20+%.
The Mediterranean EU-states, Slovenia, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the
Netherlands, Denmark and Finland have lower projected growth of between 0% and
10%.
Germany, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and the Baltic States are facing
population decline.
Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that there are significant regional differences in the
national population projections.
Figure 1: Population growth projection between 2010-2030
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According to EUROSTAT, the old-age dependency ratio is defined as the ratio between the
(projected) total number of elderly persons (aged 65 and over) and the (projected) number of
persons of working age (from 15 to 64). Figure 2 shows that in 2010 the average old-age
dependency ratio was around 1:4. Countries such as Poland, Slovakia and the Republic of
Ireland still have a relatively low ratio of under 1:5, but in Germany and Italy – very similar to
Japan – it has already reached 1:3.
By 2030 it is calculated that the situation will have changed significantly. Assuming the same
retirement age, the average is expected to have risen to 1:3, a figure that 20 years before
marked the maximum of all the countries. In 2030 the lowest ratios lie around 1:4 (for the
Republic of Ireland and Luxembourg), and the highest, for Germany, indicates a nearly equal
proportion of working age and economically inactive inhabitants.
By 2050, the projected EU-27 average old-age dependency ratio is around 1:2 (Figure 3).
The projected ratio will be above 1:3 in Cyprus, Belgium, the UK, the Republic of Ireland and
the Scandinavian countries, but in all other EU states it will be around (or worse than) 1:2.
Again, there are significant regional differences (or imbalances) for this indicator in
comparison with the national levels.
Figure 2: Old-age dependency ratio, 2010
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Figure 3: Old-age dependency ratio, projection 2050
The old-age income poverty rate1 can be defined as the population over 65 whose income is
below half the national median. The availability of an adequate income can have effects on
one’s abilities to be mobile and maintain this mobility as a prerequisite to staying socially
integrated. The average of the old-age income poverty rate in 2008 for all of the countries
displayed is 12.2% (Figure 4). In the Scandinavian countries apart from Finland and the
Central European countries, this rate lies under the average. In the UK, Belgium,
Switzerland, Italy and Portugal the rate is up to twice the average, while in Spain and Greece
it reaches up to three times and in the Republic of Ireland almost 4 times the average.
Figure 5 shows the percentage of females over 60 living alone. Living alone can be a marker
of vulnerability, especially in cases of illness or disability, and is associated with a greater
risk of social isolation and poverty.2 It can also reflect a difference of work and social
networks, wealth status and disposable income.
On average, 34.3% of females live alone in the countries displayed, with the average being
more than twice that of the men. In Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the UK the share
reaches up to 60% and there is just one country, Romania, where fewer than 15% of women
over 60 live alone. In central European countries between 30 and 45% of women live alone.
1
Cf. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/pensions-at-a-glance-2011_pension_glance-
2011-en
2
Cf. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ageing/ageing2009chart.pdf
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Figure 4: Old-age income poverty rates, 2008
Figure 5: Percentage of females over 60 living alone, 2009
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2.3. Transport trends
Turning specifically to transport matters, Figure 6 demonstrates that between the EU-27-
states there are remarkable differences in car ownership. Car ownership per 1,000
inhabitants can be regarded as one indicator of inhabitants’ individual mobility regardless of
age, although it should be considered that it does not say anything about the availability of a
passenger car in the household of the individuals.
While there are countries like Slovakia and Hungary with fewer than 300 cars per 1,000
inhabitants, in the majority of countries displayed car ownership lies between 400 and 500.
In Cyprus, Slovenia, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Lithuania and Finland more than every
second inhabitant possess a passenger car. The highest degree of motorisation is in Italy,
which has car ownership of over 600 cars per 1,000 inhabitants.
Figure 6: Passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants, 2009
Figure 7 shows the modal split of passenger transport for 2008 in the EU27 states, as well
as Norway, Switzerland and Japan. The passenger car is by far the dominant transport
mode, usually reaching a share of 75% or more. The share of bus use ranges from about 4%
(Switzerland, Netherlands) to around 18-20% (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Greece, Bulgaria,
Estonia). The share of train use as means of passenger transport ranges from only around 1%
(Lithuania, Greece, Estonia) to 16.5%, with a majority of the countries having a share
between 4% and 9%.
In all the transport modes Hungary is an exceptional case: here the share of the public
transport modes reaches 38% (12.3% train, 25.7% bus) which is almost the same as in
Japan. Accordingly, at 62.1%, the share of the car use in Hungary is the lowest in
comparison with the other EU27 states.
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Figure 7: Modal split of passenger transport, 2008
2.4. Summary
This section has provided an overview of key demographic and transport trends and
forecasts in the countries under consideration in this project. It has shown that populations in
the majority of these countries are ageing, and that the number of retired persons as a
proportion of the working population is increasing. Also included in the section was an
overview of the areas where there is a prevalence of poverty among the ageing society, and
where older people are more likely to live alone. Finally, the section provided an overview of
modal split and car ownership, which sheds light on where older people are more likely to be
car dependent, and where they are more likely to use public transport. There is the potential
for a significant change in the demands on Europe’s transport system in the future.
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3. Literature review: what is known about the transport needs of the ageing society?
3.1. Introduction
The issue of an ageing society is increasingly prominent in the academic literature. In this
literature review we review how it is being considered in transport and related fields.
A structured literature search was undertaken of the academic literature available in English,
German, Spanish and Norwegian. This focused on literature published in the last 10 years in
order to avoid replication of other studies and to ensure the latest findings were considered.
The sources of the literature review are documented at the end of this report.
The review highlights the importance of considering the whole journey (travel chain) from the
home to the destination, as any obstacle can make an older person unlikely or unable to
complete a journey. Considering the travel chain may go some way towards helping older
people use transport to enhance their mobility, and to make the process of driving cessation
more palatable and practical.
The full literature review is contained in the detailed report, but its findings can be
summarised under the following headings.
3.2. The relationship between transport and mobility
- Transport is a key component in the maintenance of mobility in later life.
- A loss of mobility potentially has many negative consequences for an individual.
There is some debate surrounding the difference between mobility and transport. We refer to
mobility as “the ability to move oneself (either independently or by using assistive devices or
transportation) within environments that expand from ones home to the neighbourhood and
the regions beyond” (Webber, Porter & Menec, 2010, p.444). This mobility is closely
connected to transport, but mobility is only one aspect of wellbeing and health in older
people.
Banister and Bowling (2004) note that transport is important particularly in terms of
facilitating access to local services and facilities. In this context, our review discusses
transport patterns and needs by mode – car, public transport walking and cycling, and
reducing the need to travel – since this is often the way policies are orientated. Within each
of these sections factors such as personal preference, behavioural patterns, policy
approaches and links to other sectors are considered as appropriate.
3.3. Transport and ageing – what needs to be considered?
- Older people tend to travel less distance but make more trips than their younger
counterparts.
- Older people as a group are not homogeneous, and as such transport policies need to
take the needs of different groups of older people into account.
- Where older people live affects the transport options available to them.
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- The perceptions of older people in terms of transport availability and suitability may
differ from the perceptions of policy makers.
This section illustrates that establishing the transport needs and behaviours of older people
is a complex process. It is important to consider what older people say they need alongside
what transport planners and policy makers think they need. Generally speaking, older people
prefer private transport to other modes, but lifestyle factors such as location are also
significant when developing policy solutions. Policy approaches that fail to take all of these
elements into account have a diminished chance of being successful.
3.4. Driving and travelling by car
- Older people are more likely to be involved in a collision in a complex traffic scenario.
- Older people are more likely to be injured in a collision.
- Giving up driving can lead to isolation.
- Ageing leads to performance limitations such as reduced vision and a longer response
time which can influence fitness to drive.
- There is little concrete evidence that age based licensing procedures reduce accidents.
- There is potential for older driver education programmes to impact upon safety.
- Many older drivers self-regulate in order to continue driving safely.
- Older drivers tend to over-rate their driving ability.
- Technology and road design have the potential to make driving safer for older drivers.
- Driving cessation is not something older people plan for.
The literature covers a wide range of potential changes to driving ability and performance
that may occur with age. It is highly important that the changes to a driver’s ability with age
are adequately understood (recognising the gains and losses of ageing, and barriers and
disruptive influences that may impact upon this) so interventions can cater correctly for these
changes. While the literature highlights more problems than solutions, some of these
difficulties could be reduced by challenging the perceptions of older drivers and of their
friends and family in relation to maintaining mobility. Having said this, there appears to be a
role for educational programmes that can help older people remain independently and safely
mobile for as long as possible.
3.5. Travelling by public transport
- Patterns of public transport use vary across the differing cohorts of older people.
- Older people can be disinclined to use public transport due to accessibility, affordability,
and understanding.
- Public transport may not be serving the needs of older people as well as it could.
- There is a large amount of guidance available on making public transport accessible.
- Concessionary fares have a largely positive impact for older people.
- Negative perceptions and lack of awareness of innovative public transport modes
impact upon usage levels.
- Adequate information about public transport which is aimed at older people should be
provided.
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From a usability perspective, a combination of person-centred, environmental and
occupation-related factors – including bus/train design, service provision and performance,
information and the attitudes of staff and the community – impact on older people's ability to
catch buses and trains. For these reasons, occupational therapy is suggested as something
that could play a key role in improving the usability of public transport.
Overall while there is some research about the utility of public transport for older people, it
largely seems to suggest that public transport is lacking overall in terms of its ability to serve
the needs of the ageing society, especially those who have been former drivers.
Nevertheless big steps have been taken in recent years in terms of the options available to
make public transport a more suitable mode; it remains to be seen how far these will be
adopted.
3.6. Walking and cycling
- Walking may be preferable to unfamiliar public transport for some older people.
- Walking and cycling both have fitness benefits, but elderly cyclists are more likely to
have an accident.
- Different factors influence the decision to walk for transport and the decision to walk for
exercise.
- Neighbourhood walkability increases the likelihood of older people walking.
- Safety of older walkers needs to be considered, especially in relation to crossing the
road.
- Older cyclists are not well documented in the literature.
In summary, walking and cycling offer the opportunity for older people to remain mobile and
experience health benefits. Projects to improve infrastructure for walking and cycling are
likely to benefit older people, and combined with promotional activities could help to
encourage older people to consider these modes both for transport and for exercise.
3.7. The role of reducing the need for transport
While our focuses on the various transport modes that an older person could use to help
maintain their mobility, there is also the potential for Information and Communications
Technologies (ICTs) to provide alternative or complementary virtual opportunities to access
goods, services and social interaction. At the same time, there is a role for good
development planning in terms of designing and maintaining pedestrian friendly settlements
that have local services and facilities.
All of these areas will be explored further during WP3 in relation to the policies to promote
mobility for older people that exist both at the EU level and within individual member states.
It is to these policies that we now turn.
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4. EU wide policies
As part of the research process a review was undertaken of the policies in place at EU level.
This provides a broad context in which individual member countries determine their own
policies, although they will also be working towards their own priorities in order to meet the
varied needs of their citizens.
A similar method to that adopted during the general policy review was used – i.e. looking for
policies that referred specifically to older people – but documents that referred to “people
with reduced mobility” were also included because the EU has expressly defined “a person
with reduced mobility” as:
“any person whose mobility when using transport is reduced due to any physical disability
(sensory or locomotor, permanent or temporary), intellectual disability or impairment, or any
other cause of disability, or age, and whose situation needs appropriate attention and the
adaptation to his or her particular needs of the service made available to all passengers”3.
EU policies relevant to this project mainly relate to public transport and road safety, although
ICTs are also considered. A brief description if each is given below and the full explanations
are presented in Appendix B1 (EU) of the detailed report.
Regulation - Rights of bus and coach passengers: establishes rules for the rights of
passengers when travelling by bus and coach transport.
Regulation - Rail passengers’ rights and obligations: establishes a package of rights
for rail passengers and requires greater responsibility from rail operators towards their
customers.
Communication - Action Plan on Urban Mobility: an action plan that proposes to
establish a common framework to promote the development of urban mobility policy.
Technical specification of interoperability relating to persons with reduced mobility
in the trans-European conventional and high-speed rail system: the main objective of
the underlying Directives 2001/16/ EC and 96/48/EC is interoperability. The aim of the TSI
is to harmonise the provisions to be made for persons with reduced mobility travelling as
passengers on the conventional and high-speed railway system.
Directive - Special provisions for vehicles used for the carriage of passengers
comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat: deals with special
provisions for people with reduced mobility applicable to busses.
Proposal for a Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment
between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual
orientation: the European Commission is launching a new action plan within the
framework of the i2010 initiative. The aim is both to help older people towards a safer and
more independent old age and to promote the development of ICTs in services to persons.
Communication - Ageing well in the Information Society - An i2010 initiative - Action
Plan on Information and Communication Technologies and Ageing: this proposal for
a directive aims to protect people against discrimination linked to their disability, age,
sexual orientation, religion or beliefs.
3
Europa (2011). Rights of people with reduced mobility in air transport. Available from
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/transport/mobility_and_passenger_rights/l24132_en.htm, last
accessed July 2012.
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5. Overview of results from policy research
5.1. Introduction
This section presents an overview of the policies from all countries that were identified
during WP2. No analysis is undertaken at this stage, other than to identify whether the policy
relates solely to older people, or to a wider group of the population, or makes reference to
older people in some regard. Wider analysis of the policies will be undertaken during WP3.
All policies from each country are presented in individual sub-appendices in the detailed
WP2 report (Appendix B, B1-B34). The policies fall into seven broad categories (Table 1).
Table 1: Overview – range of existing policies
Public transport
Concessionary travel (free travel for older people)
Concessionary travel (discounted travel for older people)
Promotion of public transport options
Accessibility for All/Barrier freedom of public transport
Assistance services
Walking and Cycling
Road safety
Accessibility for All/Barrier freedom of infrastructure
Mobility scooters
Driving
Road safety generally
Driver licensing
Driver medical testing
Driver training
Promotion of road safety to older people
Development Planning
Design of cities, towns and other residential areas to help older people remain
independent
Virtual mobile services
Helping older people use the internet
Making services available on the internet
Mobile services (e.g. mobile banking)
Healthcare
Providing transport to access healthcare
Providing healthcare in the home
Research
Research into demographic change
Research into the changing needs of the older population
Research into the travel patterns of older people
5.2. Policy tables – EU27
Tables 2 and 3 present each policy by EU countries and non-EU countries respectively.
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Table 2: Table of policies identified by country (EU27 countries)
Country Policy Name Older people?
Road accidents – Austria Basic Fact Sheet 2010 x
Pedestrian in the higher age groups as a guide for planners and decision makers x
Public Transport by Micro Systems in local traffic areas x
Guideline to barrier-free design of public transport x
Research on behalf of the Government - Catalogue of mobility scenarios – The future of mobility of the generation 55+
x
Austria (bmvit)
Austrian programme of safety to traffic 2011-2020 (bmvit) partial
Favourable Tickets for Travelling by ÖBB & Senior-Yearly network ticket for lines of Vienna x
Austrian Senior Citizens Plan as a Strategy-paper - Ageing and Future. Incl. Research expertise for a strategic federal
x
plan about senior citizens
Longevity in Austria – an inventory (bmask) x
Healthcare transport x
Free Travel x
Belgium Senior ticket x
Mobility and the elderly: Successful ageing in a sustainable transport system x
“National Programme for the Improvement of Road Safety in the Republic of Bulgaria, 2010-2013”
Bulgaria Decree. 333: “Law on the Bulgarian Personal Identity Documents”
"Railway Transport Act“ (2001) x
Cyprus Policy for elderly people x
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Country Policy Name Older people?
National Programme of Preparation for Ageing for 2008 – 2012 x
Barrier free access to buildings
Transport Policy for 2005 - 2013
Czech
Discounts for seniors in Czech Railways x
Republic
Driving licence for elderly x
The Strategic Framework for Sustainable Development
National Road Safety Strategy 2011-2020
Driving Licence Policy
Denmark
Special Transport services (STS)
Driving licence policy x
Estonia Assisting services
Accessibility to banking services.
The policy for elderly in Estonia x
Driving licence policy
Concessionary bus and railway fares x
Assisting services
Finland
Accessible pedestrian environment x
Towards a barrier-free information society: Action Programme 2011–2015
Towards Accessible Transport
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Country Policy Name Older people?
Analysis of road accidents in older drivers x
Term and renewal of driving license x
Good practice guide on accessible taxis x
France Accessibility of information systems and public transport ticketing x
The interdepartmental observatory of accessibility and universal design
Developing a master plan for accessibility of transport services departmental x
Mobility of the elderly - analysis of household travel surveys x
partly, one
Demography strategy of the Federal Government main target
group
“The New Future of Old Age. The Federal Government’s Research Agenda for Demographic Change” x
“Mobility and Transport Technologies: The Third Transport Research Programme of the German Federal Government”
partly, one
The topic of “Road safety” and the impact of demographic change reflected in the “Road Safety Programme 2011” main target
group
Federal project „Staying mobile, but safe! A program for traffic participants 50plus” x
“55plus” - Services and offers for the elderly train users provided by the German Railways x
Germany Information platform “Ageing at home“ (“Zuhause im Alter”) x
“Services for the public and quality of services in the local transport planning with special consideration of the needs of
x
the elderly traffic participants” (research project)
“Public transport: Planning for elderly persons – A guideline for the practice” x
Federal Law for Equality of Disabled People and the transport sector
Help at Home
Greece Enforcement of driving licence
Open Care Centres for older persons (ΚΑΠH) x
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Country Policy Name Older people?
Free travel +65 x
Hungary Medical certification to drive
Village caretaker programme
Strategic Infrastructure Program
Italy
Guidelines for the design of stations x
Assisting services
Latvia
Access to public transport
Concessionary bus, trolleybus and railway fares x
Lithuania
Transport access
Seniorkaart x
Driver licensing
Luxembourg
Road Safety Leaflet
Action Plan for People with Reduced Mobility
Driving licence policy x
Malta Controlled Vehicular Access Exemptions x
Kartanzjan x
Broem x
Stay Safe Mobile (Blijf veilig mobile) x
Seniors Proof Road Design x
Netherlands Nota Mobiliteit
Road Safety Strategic Plan (2008-2020)
Care Package
Driver licensing x
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Country Policy Name Older people?
Discounts for pensioners and annuitants in train mass transport
Poland Research on behalf of the government x
Improvement the quality of city transport x
Campaign of Prevention and Road Safety for pedestrian seniors x
Term and renewal of driving licence x
Portugal
National Plan for the Promotion of Accessibility
Train Portugal special prices for elder people x
Free Travel x
Transport Sector Action Plan on Age Friendly Transport Services x
Driver Licensing x
Republic of Log On, Learn x
Ireland Rural Transport Programme (RTP)
Smarter travel: a sustainable future 2009-2020
Transport Access for All
Project Appraisal
Road Safety Strategy 2007-2012
Mobility Matters
Concessionary fares (147/2000 Law) x
Romania
Driving Licence x
Development of public transport x
Driving licence for the elderly x
Slovakia Discounts for seniors in the National Railways x
Social help for handicapped x
Transport Development Strategy in the Slovak Republic until 2020 x
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Country Policy Name Older people?
Ministry of Transport: “Resolution on the Transport Policy of the Republic of Slovenia”
Slovenian Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs: “The strategy of care for the elderly until 2010 – Solidarity, good
x
intergenerational relations and quality of ageing of the population”
Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency: “The New National Road Safety Programme (2012-2021)”
Slovenia
Slovenian Railways: “K-13a travel card” x
Ministry of the Interior: Police: “Bicycle safety!”
Slovenian Ministry of Health: “National Health Enhancing Physical Activity Programme “2007-2012”
Slovenian Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning: “Present Structure of Slovene Motor Vehicles System”
Universal accessibility in municipalities: a comprehensive policy guide for development and management x
National law (RD 1544/2007) for regulating the basic conditions of accessibility and n-discrimination for access and use of
x
transport modes
Spain Term and renewal of driving license x
The Yellow Card x
Safe Mobility for the most vulnerable groups. The protection of pedestrians and cyclists in urban areas x
Intervention program to encourage mobility and to improve road safety in the elderly x
Special transport Services
Flexible bus-lines x
Sweden
Road design for elderly x
Public transport for elderly x
Senior Railcard x
Agreement on Insurance for Older Drivers x
Driver Licensing
UK Resource Guide for Local Authorities: Transport Solutions for Older People x
Careful!Considerate!Correct! x
Concessionary bus fares for the elderly and disabled
Age Action Alliance x
Page | 22TRACY Deliverable D5.2
5.3. Non-EU countries included in the review
Table 3: Table of policies identified by country (non-EU27 countries)
Country Policy Name Older people
Assessing fitness to drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers
Seniors Card x
Living Longer. Living Better x
Creating Places for People: An Urban Design Protocol for Australian Cities
Australia Our Cities, Our Future
National Road Safety Strategy
Commonwealth Home and Community Care Programme x
Older Australians at a glance x
Commonwealth Seniors Health Card x
Technical Standard for Japanese Railway Law x
Dementia Supporter Training Program x
Japan Council for Science and Technology Policy x
Senior discount in buses x
Renewal of driving licence
Driving Licence Renewal
Safer Journeys: New Zealand’s Road Safety Strategy 2012-2020.
New Keeping Mobile: How to safely use your mobility scooter
Zealand SuperGold Card
Positive Ageing Strategy
Keep Moving
Page | 23TRACY Deliverable D5.2
Country Policy Name Older people
Driving licence policy x
National transport safety policy x
Concessionary fares x
TT-scheme (public taxi) x
Norway
Assisting services
Universal design in transport (the transport part of the general accessibility policy) x
Norway accessible by 2025 - cross sector policy x
Walking and cycling for elderly (study) x
“Perspectives of the Swiss person transport until 2030” (Report)
“Strategy for Swiss politics for the elderly” - Mobility related issues and measures x
„Impact of demographic change on mobility. Transport behaviour of todays’ and future senior citizens” x
“Action program for more safety in road traffic” (Via sicura) - Set of measures affecting the elderly x
Barrier freedom in public transport (acc.to the Swiss Federal Act on Equality for People with Disabilities from 1.1.2004;
x
Directive)
Studies about properties and demands of accessible public transport infrastructure, annual progress reports of accessibility
x
in public transport
Switzerland “Passengers with a handicap” – services offered by SBB - The Swiss Railway
Personal passenger consultancy at the ticket machine via telephone hotline - Pilot project of the Swiss Railway (in
cooperation with the Zurich Transport Association)
Assisted transport service for aged, sick or disabled people offered by the Swiss Red Cross x
“Carissimo - Field trips for disabled and aged persons” by the Swiss Red Cross / “mobility sponsorships”: subsidy by
x
private persons
Awareness raising tool: Event/conference "Public transport client until 100" x
Awareness raising tool: DVDs "Offside - seniors in public transport" and "Barrier freedom in public transport" x
“Strategy for Sustainable Development 2012-2015” of the Federal Council - Issues related to demographic change
Page | 24TRACY Deliverable D5.2
Country Policy Name Older people
Older road users programme x
National Centre on Senior Transport x
Transportation options for older adults x
Amtrack Senior Discounts x
USA
Attracting Senior drivers to public transportation x
Funding the public transport needs of an ageing population x
Administration on Aging x
Older Americans Act x
Page | 25TRACY Deliverable D2.2
6. Next steps
This first summary paper has provided an overview of the work completed in WP2 of the
TRACY project. During the next stage of the research (WP3) the collected data will be
analysed in order to:
Create a catalogue of the mobility needs of older people;
Assess the effectiveness of current policies at addressing the needs of older people;
Identify the bigger picture in terms of identifying gaps in current policy and practice and
considering broader economic, social and environmental imperatives.
The findings from WP3 will then be taken forwards into WP4 where they will be developed
into an action plan to inform current policy and practice in the transport and mobility needs in
an ageing society.
Page | 26TRACY Deliverable D2.2
7. References
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