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GIGA Annual Report 2019
Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version
Tätigkeitsbericht, Jahresbericht / annual report
Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with:
GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies
Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation:
GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien. (2020). GIGA
Annual Report 2019. (GIGA Jahresberichte). Hamburg. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-69239-2
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GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019
PREFACE
Dear Readers
It is with pleasure that I present to you our Annual Report 2019, this time from the vantage
point of having started my second term as GIGA President.
We welcomed new members to Team GIGA. Among them are two women Junior
Professors jointly hired with University Göttingen, Renate Hartwig, and Leuphana University
Lüneburg, Belén González. Eckart Woertz was appointed as new Director of one of our
regional institutes (IMES) and Professor at the Humanities Faculty at University of Hamburg.
And in December, it was agreed that the name of our institute be adapted to standard
practice to become the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA).
GIGA scholars again won accolades for their research. Felix Haaß, Elisabeth Bunsel-
meyer, and Saskia Ruth-Lovell were awarded the Leibniz Dissertation Prize, the German
Association for Peace and Conflict Studies Dissertation Prize, and the Political Studies
Association’s Harrison Prize for an outstanding journal article, respectively.
We are (somewhat unusually) part of two Excellence Clusters that began their work in
2019: CLICCS in Hamburg and SCRIPTS in Berlin. Our acquisitions in third-party funding
reached an all-time high, facilitating a wide range of innovative projects. We have been
intensifying our policy exchange with the Federal Foreign Office at all levels as well as with
other federal ministries, the Bundestag, and international organisations like WTO, OECD,
and World Bank. Our media presence – in national and international outlets – has increased.
Our events have brought together leading scholars, practitioners, and journalists, as we
analyse key problems that the world faces today and contribute to finding feasible solutions.
Amidst the global outbreak of COVID-19, we see it as our duty to study and analyse the
human, social, economic, and policy dimensions of the pandemic, and engage with the
broader public at large via digital means. Putting together this Annual Report in the spring
Photo: GIGA/Claudia Höhne (1)
of 2020, we remain more committed than ever to theoria cum praxis, and we look forward
to our evaluation by the Leibniz Association in 2021.
Yours truly
Amrita Narlikar
Prof. Dr. Amrita Narlikar, D.Phil. (Oxon), Ph.D. (Cantab)
President of the GIGA
CONTENT Preface.................................................................................................. 3 1 HIGHLIGHTS Highlights 2019.....................................................................................10 2 RESEARCH Research at the GIGA...........................................................................16 GIGA Institute for African Affairs............................................................18 GIGA Institute for Asian Studies............................................................20 GIGA Institute for Latin American Studies..............................................22 GIGA Institute for Middle East Studies...................................................24 Research Programme 1: Accountability and Participation......................26 Research Programme 2: Peace and Security........................................28 Research Programme 3: Growth and Development...............................30 Research Programme 4: Power and Ideas............................................32 3 INTERNATIONALISATION, YOUNG TALENTS & EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Internationalisation................................................................................37 Doctoral Programme.............................................................................38 Equal Opportunity.................................................................................40 4 TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE & IMPACT STORIES Transfer of Knowledge..........................................................................44 Impact Stories......................................................................................48 5 GIGA INFORMATION CENTRE GIGA Information Centre.......................................................................52 6 ANNEX Third Party-Funded Projects.................................................................56 Research Programme 1: Accountability and Participation..................56 Research Programme 2: Peace and Security....................................57 Research Programme 3: Growth and Development...........................58 Research Programme 4: Power and Ideas........................................59 Publications..........................................................................................60 Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles.........................................................60 GIGA Working Papers.......................................................................64 GIGA Focus Global...........................................................................64 GIGA Focus Africa............................................................................65 GIGA Focus Asia..............................................................................65 GIGA Focus Latin America................................................................66 GIGA Focus Middle East...................................................................66 Monographs, Edited Volumes, and Special Issues............................67
Events..................................................................................................69 GIGA Forum.....................................................................................69 GIGA Talks.......................................................................................69 Lectures and Discussions.................................................................70 Workshops and Conferences............................................................72 International Networking.......................................................................73 Visiting Fellows.................................................................................73 Staff.....................................................................................................74 Executive Board...............................................................................74 Academic Staff.................................................................................74 Staff of Service Departments............................................................75 Doctoral Training...................................................................................77 Doctorates Earned in 2019................................................................77 Engagement in Professional Associations.............................................78 Area-Specific Associations...............................................................78 Thematic and Disciplinary Associations............................................79 Financial Statement..............................................................................80 Financial Statement 1 January – 31 December 2019...........................80 Boards.................................................................................................81 Board of Trustees.............................................................................81 Academic Advisory Board.................................................................82 Council for Financial Affairs...............................................................83 Imprint..................................................................................................84
1
......................................................
HIGHLIGHTS
......................................................
*HIGHLIGHTS 2019
GIGA PRESIDENT WON FOR NEXT TERM; NEW IMES DIRECTOR
Prof. Dr. Amrita
Narlikar (left) and
Prof. Dr. Eckart
Woertz (right)
The course is set for the future: Amrita Narlikar has been won over for
a second term. The GIGA Board of Trustees lauded her achievements
and the strides the institute has made under her leadership. She is at
the helm of the GIGA for the coming five years. Joining her team in the
GIGA Executive Board, following an international selection procedure,
is Eckart Woertz. He was appointed as the new director of the GIGA
Institute for Middle East Studies (IMES) and Professor of Contemporary
History and Politics of the Middle East at University of Hamburg.
www.giga-hamburg.de/en/executive-board
Photos: GIGA/Claudia Höhne (2), GIGA (2), Elisabeth Bunselmeyer (1), David Ausserhofer (1)
HIGH-LEVEL CONFERENCE ON ECONOMIC STATECRAFT
Participants of the The GIGA Global Transitions
GIGA Global
Conference explored the cutting-
Transitions
Conference edge topic of “economic statecraft.”
Our flagship event was launched
with a GIGA Distinguished Speaker
Lecture by Henry Farrell (George
Washington University) and
Abraham Newman (Georgetown
University). Their seminal work
on “weaponised interdependence”
gave the conference a stimulating
start to its inspiring deliberations
amongst leading scholars in the
field and influential practitioners.
www.giga-hamburg.de/en/event/
economic-statecraft
10 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019GIGA SCHOLARS WIN PRESTIGIOUS DISSERTATION AWARDS
Dr. Elisabeth
Bunselmeyer (left)
and Dr. Felix Haaß
(right)
Felix Haaß received the Leibniz Dissertation Award for his doctoral thesis
on the influence of development aid on democratisation processes in post-
conflict societies. This is the second time the prize has gone to a junior
GIGA researcher, after Julia Strasheim became the first member of the
GIGA Doctoral Programme to receive the prestigious award in 2017. Also,
the German Association for Peace and Conflict Studies awarded the 2019
Christiane Rajewsky Prize to Elisabeth Bunselmeyer for her outstanding
dissertation on the reconciliation process following the Peruvian civil war.
www.giga-hamburg.de/en/dp
ALL-TIME HIGH IN GRANT ACQUISITIONS
In 2019, the GIGA won the highest Third-party funding
amount of third-party funding since acquired by the
GIGA, 2017-2019
records began. The total amount
brought in was of EUR 3,472,321.
Funding for research grants ac-
counted for a share of approxi-
mately 27 per cent of the institute’s
total revenue, reaching the upper
limit of the range recommended
to the GIGA after the last Leibniz
evaluation. The GIGA was particu-
larly successful in highly competi-
tive funding schemes, for example
regarding EU and DFG grants.
www.giga-hamburg.de/en/re-
search-projects
HIGHLIGHTS 2019 11HIGHLIGHTS 2019
GIGA PRESIDENT ADVISES GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT
GIGA President
Prof. Dr. Amrita
Narlikar and Federal
Foreign Minister
Heiko Maas with
other delegation
members in the
Arctic
Amrita Narlikar accompanied Federal Foreign Minister Heiko Maas on his
delegation trip to New York, Toronto, and the Canadian Arctic in August.
The visit addressed several key and pressing matters of our time, from the
protection of humanitarian actors in conflicts to trade multilateralism and
protection of the environment. Amrita Narlikar also accepted invitations
from the FDP and CDU parliamentary groups of the Bundestag to brief
them on the World Trade Organisation’s reform and on India as a partner
in a values-based foreign policy, respectively.
www.giga-hamburg.de/multilateralism-international-trade-climate-protection
GIGA CELEBRATES A DECADE OF OPEN ACCESS
For ten years, the GIGA has been
publishing its in-house publica-
tions, such as the GIGA Journals,
the GIGA Focus, and the GIGA
Working Papers, as Open Access
formats, making research results
readily available worldwide, free
of charge. The four outlets of the
GIGA Journal Family went Open
Access in 2009, and as an impor-
tant next step are now issued by
SAGE – one of the world’s leading
independent academic publishers.
Photos: GIGA (5),
www.giga-hamburg.de/en/news/
the-giga-celebrates-10-years-of-
open-access
12 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019NEW PROFESSORSHIPS WITH LEUPHANA AND GÖTTINGEN
Prof. Dr. Belén
González (left) and
Prof. Dr. Renate
Hartwig (right)
In September, the GIGA inaugurated two new joint W1 professorships,
enhancing its long-standing cooperation with prestigious partner universi-
ties in northern Germany. Belén González became Junior Professor in
Sustainable Governance at Leuphana University Lüneburg and a research
fellow at the GIGA Institute for Latin American Studies. Together with the
University of Göttingen, the GIGA welcomed Renate Hartwig as Junior
Professor for Development Economics and a research fellow at the GIGA
Institute for African Affairs.
www.giga-hamburg.de/en/team/gonzalez and .../en/team/hartwig
GIGA INFORMATION CENTRE: NEW LIBRARY FACILITIES
The GIGA Information Centre (IZ),
Germany’s largest non-university
library for Area Studies and Com-
parative Area Studies, was relocat-
ed from the fourth to the second
floor of the GIGA headquarters in
Hamburg. The move was part of a
set of safety-related improvements
in the Neuer Jungfernstieg building.
The IZ’s internal and external users
can now enjoy a very pleasant and
modern library environment.
www.giga-hamburg.de/en/news/
new-rooms-for-giga-information-
centre and www.giga-hamburg.
de/en/IZ
HIGHLIGHTS 2019 132
......................................................
RESEARCH
......................................................
*RESEARCH AT THE GIGA
Figure 1: GIGA Research Matrix
Africa, Asia, Latin America, the unfold across the world and within
Middle East, and Europe – regions the regions of the Global South.
across the world experienced The institute’s research is backed
waves of protest in 2019. While by the successful acquisition of
the individual triggers were often additional funding. The year 2019
relatively small, the underlying marked an all-time high in terms
concerns were not: lack of political of third-party inflows assuring the
Prof. Dr.
Amrita Narlikar, freedom, economic and social uptake of new innovative research
President of the inequalities, climate change. At the projects to complement the on-
GIGA
same time, the world saw ongoing going activities.
conflicts, a crisis of multilateralism, Research on questions of
the questioning of international accountability and participation
norms and institutions, and serious in different regime types is one of
challenges to globalisation. the GIGA’s hallmarks. In 2019, we
With its rigorous research conducted sustained investigation
and research-based knowledge on different aspects of electoral
Photos: Charlie Gray (1), GIGA (1)
transfer, the GIGA contributes to politics (clientelism, populism),
addressing these challenges. It is problems of horizontal account-
committed to a global approach ability (role of courts, judicial in-
to scholarship and analyses how dependence), and political parti-
political, social, and economic cipation of specific groups, such
transitions originate, and how they as migrants, ethnic minorities,
16 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019diasporas, and youth. A new citizen collaborative project it investigates
science project, funded by the decarbonisation in developing
EU’s Erasmus+ programme, aims countries. Challenges like climate
at the promotion of democracy change, but also economic and
among young people and will work social inequalities, require a com-
with a set of game-based tools. bination of global solutions and
Research on authoritarian regimes local responses. The GIGA helps
was further strengthened, inter alia, to find these answers by rigorous
with a new DFG-funded project empirical research. A new flagship
on the justification of repression in this regard is the scientific sup-
in authoritarian regimes of the port of the BMZ special initiative
Arab World. “Training and Employment”, which
Another integral part of GIGA’s contributes to policy initiatives
agenda is peace and security such as the Marshall Plan with
research. The German Council of Africa and the G20 Compact with
Science and Humanities (Wissen- Africa.
schaftsrat), in its 2019 report, Central to the debate at the
emphasised the GIGA’s significant GIGA is the necessary reform of
contribution to the field. The the rules-based global order and
institute’s research addresses the its international organisations. The
relevance of formal and informal GIGA is part of the new Cluster of
institutions, deals with international Excellence “Contestations of the
interventions and security, and Liberal Script” (SCRIPTS) at FU
investigates the role of migration, Berlin, which has begun its work
land use change, social identities, in 2019. With its research and
and other drivers of conflict or knowledge transfer, the GIGA also
peace. A special focus is on the role contributes to the Federal Foreign
of religion. The GIGA is engaged Office’s different initiatives for multi-
in a new collaborative project on lateralism (see also Impact Story
radicalisation (BMBF), contributes on page 48). At the 2019 GIGA
to an EU network on the influence Global Transitions Conference our
of digitisation on Islam, and ex- scholars inter alia discussed with
pands its research on the potential distinguished guests how countries
of religion for peace with two new employed economic statecraft in
projects (BMZ, DFG) (see also an increasingly hostile fashion and
Impact Story on page 49). how targeted entities respond.
A major topic on the global With its global approach and its
agenda in 2019 was climate change. research on the regions of the
As part of the new Hamburg Cluster Global South as well as on multi-
of Excellence “Climate, Climatic lateral and regional institutions,
Change, and Society”, the GIGA the GIGA is excellently positioned
scrutinises the climate–security to enrich these deliberations and
nexus, social constructions of their policy implications.
climate futures, and dynamics of www.giga-hamburg.de/en/re-
climate governance. In another search
RESEARCH AT THE GIGA 17GIGA INSTITUTE FOR AFRICAN AFFAIRS
The year 2019 seemed to confirm opposition candidate. The winner,
the impression of sub-Saharan Felix Thisekedi, formed a coalition
Africa as a region of crisis. Armed with the political party of former
conflicts in countries such as Cam- president Joseph Kabila – who won
eroon and the Democratic Republic the parliamentary elections.
of Congo (DRC) continued. Violence The GIGA Institute for African
persisted in the whole of the Sahel. Affairs (IAA) reacted to many of
Prof. Dr.
Matthias Basedau In Burkina Faso, jihadist attacks these key developments. Particu-
intensified. Other jihadist conflicts larly, the IAA contributed to a more
lingered on in Nigeria, the Horn of nuanced picture of Africa forming.
Africa, and – less known – in Mo- A GIGA Focus and public appear-
zambique. But there were positive ances made at the Federal Ministry
developments too. The African Free of Defence and in the Bundestag
Trade Zone (AFTZ) came into effect, underscored that many of the long-
which may boost growth across term political and socio-economic
the continent. Ethiopian prime developments occurring on the
minister Abiy Ahmed was awarded continent are, in fact, positive.
the Nobel Peace Prize for his However, challenges were not
peace efforts and political reforms. denied. Security and peace were
Elections in established democra- prominent themes in the institute’s
cies such as Botswana, Namibia, work. The IAA continued its work
Photos: GIGA/Marein Kasiske (2), iStock (1)
and South Africa went smoothly, on religious conflicts, especially
confirming the respective ruling ones involving jihadist ideologies.
parties’ continuation in power. In GIGA staff worked closely with the
Nigeria too, the incumbent govern- Federal Ministry for Economic Co-
ment won national elections – albeit operation and Development (BMZ)
under more contested conditions. on these, including during talks in
In the DRC, however, presidential Berlin and fieldwork in West Africa.
elections were seemingly heavily GIGA Focus issues discussed
manipulated, though in favour of an peacekeeping and Abiy’s interim
18 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019“balance sheet” regarding his on land-related and religious
peace efforts. conflicts in Burkina Faso, Ghana,
Regarding socio-economic and Liberia. Fieldwork is typically
development, the IAA engaged in conducted in close collaboration
many research-based outreach ac- with African partners, especially in
tivities. GIGA staff started a project Burkina Faso (see text box below)
on land-related social conflicts that and Ghana. Deepening coopera-
connects to continued engagement tion, the executive director of the
within the Land Matrix Initiative Ghana Center for Democratic
(www.landmatrix.org). High-ranking Development, Kwasi Prempeh,
events in Berlin launched a new visited the GIGA in October.
project on employment and training Besides (co-)organising work-
in collaboration with the BMZ and shops and other events, the IAA
including talks with International continued to provide services to the
Monetary Fund officials. A GIGA wider community too. The SSCI-
Focus, authored by Diplomat ranked journal Africa Spectrum
in Residence and Fellow Peter strongly increased its impact factor.
Woeste, debated the challenges of Leonardo Arriola from the University
population growth; projections for of California, Berkeley, joined IAA
both Africa and the world at large senior researcher Julia Grauvogel
indicate a decline not “explosion” as co-editor hereof. Plans include
herein in the long run. to increase African authorship, by
The IAA continued to combine organising – among other things –
cutting-edge methodologies with author workshops within the
fieldwork. We created worldwide framework of the Merian Institute
data sets such as on “land grabs,” for Advanced Studies in Africa –
religious minorities, and sanctions. for which Federal Ministry of Edu-
IAA staff also collected unique cation and Research funding was
data and conducted experiments secured for a further six years.
COOPERATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF OUAGADOUGOU
As part of its Research Platform activities, the Ouagadougou,
IAA launched a joint initiative with the University commercial center
of the city
of Ouagadougou (Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo)
to support researchers in Burkina Faso analysing
subnational government performance. This
collaboration extends the already broad-based
engagement with the country's government on
innovations to local-level governance, being led by GIGA research fellow
Malte Lierl. Through the cooperation with the University of Ouagadougou,
data on local government performance and institutional capacity will
become accessible to the local research community. Planned activities
include a research grants programme and a policy-oriented conference.
GIGA INSTITUTE FOR AFRICAN AFFAIRS 19GIGA INSTITUTE FOR ASIAN STUDIES
The year 2019 meant business as which ended in failure as the two
usual for some parts of the wider countries’ positions on how to
Asian region, or the Indo-Pacific proceed with denuclearisation in
as it is now often called. General the DPRK in exchange for partial
elections took place in Indonesia, sanctions relief proved too far apart.
India, and Australia. They all saw Certainly not business as usual
incumbent heads of government were developments in India be-
Prof. Dr.
Patrick Köllner and state retain power. While yond the election, which included
the re-election of President Joko airstrikes on Pakistani territory in
Widodo had been widely expected, February, the revocation of Jammu
the scale of the victory of the gov- and Kashmir’s autonomy in August,
erning BJP and its leader, Prime and a new contested “Citizenship
Minister Narendra Modi, came as Amendment Act” in December –
more of a surprise. A perhaps even all of which related to the BJP’s
bigger one was that the Liberal- Hindu nationalist agenda. The
National Coalition led since 2018 effects of the escalating trade war
by Prime Minister Scott Morrison between the US and China were
managed to fend off competition felt in various parts of the world,
from the Australian Labor Party, as were the US’s attempts to
Photos: Frank Eberhard (1), Boris Rostami (1), GIGA (1)
which had sought to change the persuade its allies and partners not
country’s stance on decarbonisa- to let Chinese telecommunication
tion. Further north, Japan success- companies such as Huawei partici-
fully hosted the Rugby World Cup – pate in the rolling out of 5G tech-
widely seen as a test for the 2020 nology. Whereas only a handful of
Tokyo Olympics – despite being countries such as Australia and
severely affected by Typhoon Japan had decided by year’s end
Hagibis. United States president to clearly side with the US on this
Donald Trump and North Korean matter, the confrontation between
leader Kim Jong-un met in Hanoi, the two great powers would evolve
Vietnam, for a second summit, ever more clearly into a struggle for
20 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019technological supremacy. Another GIGA President Amrita Narlikar
huge challenge for the Chinese accompanied Federal Foreign
leaders hip under President Xi Minister Heiko Maas on an official
Jinping derived from the situation in visit to New York, Toronto, and the
Hong Kong, where mass protests – Canadian Arctic. The Hanoi Summit
initially triggered by a controversial between Trump and Kim, maritime
extradition law – swelled over politics in the Indo-Pacific, and the
the course of the year, leading to implications of elections in India
violent clashes between protestors were discussed at public GIGA
and the police. events in Berlin and Hamburg.
Developments and events such New projects funded by
as these were examined closely by the Leibniz Association and the
IAS scholars. They published five Federal Excellence Initiative got
books and special issues of jour- underway with IAS scholars heavily
nals, 16 refereed articles, 10 brief- involved. They focus, respectively,
ing papers, plus numerous other on international institutions in crisis,
publications. Together with the on climate, climate change, and
China Foreign Affairs University, society (lead: University of Ham-
the IAS co-organised the Changing burg), and on contestations of the
Asia conference in Beijing (see text Liberal Script (lead: FU Berlin). The
box) and along with the Yangon IAS continued to publish its two
office of the Friedrich Ebert Foun- open-access journals on current
dation an intensive training pro- Chinese and current Southeast
gramme for young party officials in Asian affairs, which since 2019
Myanmar. IAS scholars also gave have been overseen by SAGE
numerous interviews to national Publishing. The IAS again hosted
and global media outlets and a number of visiting scholars,
participated in a host of academic including three funded by GIGA
conferences and dialogue forums. India fellowships.
CHANGING ASIA CONFERENCE IN BEIJING
A highlight of the GIGA’s Research Platform Asia Participants of the
activities was the third Changing Asia conference, Changing Asia
conference
co-organised with and hosted by the IAS’s institu-
tional cooperation partner in Beijing, China Foreign
Affairs University. Scholars and think tankers from
China, India, Germany, New Zealand, Singapore,
the United States, and Brussels discussed the
theory and practice of global and regional governance in a multipolar world;
connectivity strategies in Asia and beyond; Chinese and Indian policies
towards Asia; bilateral relations and regional cooperation in Eurasia and
Pacific Asia; and, the domestic politics – foreign policy nexus in China, India,
and the US. The conference was supported by the ZEIT Foundation.
GIGA INSTITUTE FOR ASIAN STUDIES 21GIGA INSTITUTE FOR LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES
The latest upheaval in Latin America using violence as a pretext to
has not come out of the blue. The reproduce traditional patterns
crisis of democratic governance of repression. What was most
became evident in the highest levels shocking in the images of protest
of social mobilisation the region has from across the region was the
seen for decades. While specific brutality of the police and some-
causes sparking public discontent times the use of military force
Prof. Dr.
Sabine Kurtenbach differ – an increase in metro fares against overwhelmingly peaceful
in Chile, the abolishment of fuel demonstrators. The region might
subsidies in Ecuador, fraudulent stand at a historical crossroads,
elections in Bolivia – there are a set and needs to address the prob-
of commonalities. Governments lems identified above via demo-
across the region have failed to cratic means and within the rule
transform structural problems of law. Otherwise, we might
Photos: Frank Eberhard (1), Boris Rostami (1), Universidad Torcuato Di Tella (1)
such as the high levels of social see an even stronger decline of
inequality around the question of democratic governance and
equal citizenship. Progress has more authoritarian and populist
been made to reduce poverty, but governments.
the basis of it is the extractivist ILAS research addressed many
development model highly depen- issues related to these questions,
dent on international commodity such as social inequalities, the
prices. limits of peace, populist strategies
Institutions in the region are in public and foreign policies. A
weak, and many governments pilot study on Colombia stands at
independent of their ideological the heart of a joint project with the
affiliation tend to change rules for Friedrich Ebert Foundation, finan-
political reasons – or ignore them. cially supported by the GIZ and
Last but not least, Latin American led by Sabine Kurtenbach. The
states are not able to provide variety of peace conceptualisa-
security for their citizens – rather tions in Colombian municipalities
22 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019and a nationwide survey provided Association’s 2018 Harrison Prize
interesting academic as well as for her article “Populism and the
policy-relevant results. Erosion of Horizontal Accountabil-
Two newly approved projects ity in Latin America.”
will bring innovative research to ILAS research was presented
the ILAS. Saskia Ruth-Lovell re- during GIGA events in Hamburg
ceived an “Erasmus +” grant for a and Berlin, as well as at various
project on game-based learning international conferences and
regarding democracy. Migration workshops. The current crisis of
also continued to be an important democratic governance stood at
topic in ILAS research and publi- the heart of the ILAS’s outreach
cations, due to the ongoing flows activities in Germany and in the
of people out of Central America, region itself (see text box below).
Mexico, and Venezuela. In Berlin we presented our
ILAS staff published in high- research at the Federal Foreign
ranking journals. Most notably, Office and within the “Leibniz im
Adam Scharpf co-authored an Bundestag” format. Expertise on
article on promotion strategies the crisis in Venezuela, the new
within secret police organisations Brazilian foreign policy, and after
in the American Journal of Political government changes in Argentina
Science. Tobias Lenz co-authored and Mexico was sought.
two books on international organi- In cooperation with the EU-LAC
sations published by Oxford Uni- Foundation, the ILAS organised a
versity Press. two-day conference on the topic
Overall, ILAS fellows and asso- of “Youth and Citizenship” in
ciates published in a variety of both Europe, Latin America, and the
academic and more policy-oriented Caribbean. The first panel, held
publications. Saskia Ruth-Lovell in Hamburg City Hall, inaugurated
was awarded the Political Studies the “Latin American Fall.”
LATIN AMERICA IN CRISIS
The multiple manifestations of governance and Participants at the
democracy stood at the heart of the debates Conference “Los
retos y dilemas de
during two ILAS Research Platform conferences la democracia en
in Berlin (June) and Buenos Aires (November), América Latina,”
organised together with the Friedrich Ebert Foun- Buenos Aires
dation, the journal Nueva Sociedad, and Torcuato
di Tella University, Argentina. GIGA researchers,
Latin American colleagues, and field practitioners discussed the relevance
of actors and institutions, the implications of crime and violence, as well
as processes of polarisation and pluralism. Due to current developments,
at the Buenos Aires conference there was a specific interest in Chile,
Ecuador, and Bolivia.
GIGA INSTITUTE FOR LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES 23GIGA INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST STUDIES
The Middle East stayed true to its were presumably facilitated by
reputation as a turbulent region in Iran marked a further escalation of
2019. New popular protests erupt- the conflict, and showed the world
ed in Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, the vulnerability of pivotal energy
and Sudan that reminded many of infrastructure.
the Arab uprisings of 2010/2011. After moving its embassy
However, with the exception of from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem in 2018,
Prof. Dr. Eckart
Woertz Sudan the opposition was unorgan- the US stepped up its support
ised and regimes showed resilience for Israel’s occupation policies in
despite their lack of legitimacy and 2019 by recognising the latter’s
continued socio-economic crises. annexation of the Golan Heights.
Authoritarian control mechanisms In Syria the war has been decided
ranged from the repression of pro- militarily, with the Assad regime
tests and policing of cyberspace to and its allies Russia and Iran con-
more subtle strategies of ostensible trolling three-quarters of national
Photos: GIGA/Marein Kasiske (1), GIGA (1), Lebanese Oil and Gas Initiative (1)
compromise. After holding elections territory. In the northeast, Turkey
in autumn, Tunisia was one of the established a buffer zone after the
few countries that gave reason for US abandoned its Kurdish allies in
cautious optimism. the fight against ISIS. Weakened
The protests in Iraq and Leba- by populist infighting at home,
non threatened Iranian spheres of European powers were nowhere to
influence. Competition for regional be seen – nor, indeed, consulted.
hegemony between Iran, Israel, Russia’s Syria intervention has
Saudi Arabia, and Turkey was re-established the country as a
exacerbated. The nuclear deal of major player in the Middle East.
major international powers with With the withdrawal of the United
Iran, the JCPOA, continued to dis- Arab Emirates from the Saudi-led
integrate after the withdrawal of the war in Yemen, the conflict entered
United States. The aerial attacks a lull with possible avenues
on Saudi Arabian oil facilities that opening up for a political solution.
24 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019Such solutions remained elusive the Federal Ministry of Education
in L
ibya, where France and the and Research (BMBF). This will
Gulf countries sided with General bolster the IMES’s close research
Haftar, while Italy and most of the ties with regional partners.
rest of the European Union sup- In October, Eckart Woertz came
ported the United Nations-backed in as new IMES director, following
government in Tripoli. André Bank’s successful interim
The GIGA Institute for Middle leadership. The work of IMES re-
East Studies (IMES) covered these searchers was published in major
events within a number of third- peer-reviewed journals, such as
party funded projects. The Leibniz- Mediterranean Politics, Mobilities,
funded network on International Nature Climate Change, as well
Diffusion and Cooperation of as Sustainability. IMES members
Authoritarian Regimes (IDCAR) organised GIGA Forum and GIGA
concluded, and was followed by Berlin Talk events on elections in
Maria Josua’s new DFG project Turkey and the conflict in Syria,
on government justifications for respectively. They also contributed
repression in Morocco and Tunisia. to the GIGA Focus series, address-
Crucially, the IMES started to host ing issues such as the economic
two EU Horizon 2020 projects, one diversification of the oil monar-
on migration governance (MAGYC, chies, the spread of anti-terrorism
led by Christiane Fröhlich) and legislation, and the emergence of a
another on Islamic authority in Gülenist diaspora in Europe. IMES
the digital age (MIDA, led by Jens staff provided important policy
Heibach). Finally, the IMES together advice, among others to the Fed-
with German and Arab partners eral Foreign Office, and reached
won a consortium project to out to the wider public with over
establish a Merian Centre for Ad- 30 interviews held with German
vanced Studies in Tunis, funded by and international media partners.
OIL PRICE DECLINE AND POLICY ADJUSTMENT
The highlight of the Middle East Research Plat- Participants of
form’s activities in 2019 was the workshop “Chal- the workshop
“Challenged by
lenged by the Decreased Price of Oil: Adjustment the Decreased Price
Policies of the Arab Gulf States and Beyond since of Oil”
2014,” held in Beirut, Lebanon. Co-organised
with the Centre for Contemporary Middle East
Studies at the University of Southern Denmark
and hosted by the Lebanese Oil and Gas Initiative, the event brought
together distinguished scholars and practitioners from Bahrain, Denmark,
Egypt, Germany, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Oman, the
United Kingdom, and the US. In the course of 2020, the results of the
workshop will be published as a book with a prestigious university press.
GIGA INSTITUTE FOR MIDDLE EAST STUDIES 25RESEARCH PROGRAMME 1:
ACCOUNTABILITY AND PARTICIPATION
The scholars of Research Pro- to identity features such as religion,
gramme 1 “Accountability and ethnicity, or region of origin –
Participation” (RP1) produce top- adding to the fragmentation among
notch research on the academically the political opposition.
and socially relevant topics of Not only does RP1 conduct re-
authoritarian politics, democratic search on current political process-
institutions, and migration develop- es in the four GIGA world regions,
Dr. Mariana
Llanos ments. Within RP1’s established but it also deals with recent devel-
research line on authoritarian opments in Political Science. The
politics, a new DFG project started journal Democratization published
which studies how state officials the special issue “Methodological
justify repression within the author- Trends in Democratization Re-
itarian regimes of the Arab World search,” which was organised with
and why certain justifications were the participation of RP1 members.
chosen in the repression of the Interestingly, analyses show that
Arab uprisings. In the same vein, while quantitative and multi-method
the DFG project “Do Diasporas research has grown in recent
Contribute to the Persistence of years the bulk of research is still
Photos: Reuters/David Mercado (1), Boris Rostami (1), GIGA (1)
Autocratic Rule?” conducted inter- done on the basis of comparative
views with members of the Eritrean or single case studies.
diaspora and Eritrean refugees in Our line of research on demo-
Germany, Norway, Sweden, and cratic institutions is developing
the United Kingdom to explore their further as well. On the one hand,
transnational activities and their in the DFG project on presidential
relations to the home government term limits researchers collected
in comparative perspective. They detailed information on about 60
found, among other results, that reform processes – and additional
in spite of strong feelings of long- failed attempts thereat – across
distance nationalism, patterns of Latin America and sub-Saharan
political organisation have shifted Africa, designed mostly to facilitate
26 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019longer terms in office for power- (diaspora policies). This intensive
ful executives. Case studies on coding process follows an equally
Argentina and Senegal were pub- intense phase of data collection
lished as chapters in the edited that involved the development of a
volume “The Politics of Presiden- questionnaire to amass qualitative
tial Term Limits” (Oxford University data for each of the 32 cases, with
Press). On the other hand, the 273 single questions in total. The
DFG project “Latin American originality of the IMISEM project
Courts Going Public” further comes from the conceptualisation
explored institutional innovations of migration policies as one com-
regarding social participation in prehensive policy field, instead
judicial decisions, and began to of focusing either on immigration
analyse the use of social media policies or on integration policies
by courts. alone.
RP1’s research on migration Finally, RP1 further advanced
made great steps forwards with its regular reading series on
the “Every Immigrant Is an Emi- democratic recession by critically
grant” (IMISEM) project, complet- discussing a flourishing literature
ing the coding process leading that aims to increase awareness
to a data set on migration policies among scholars, policymakers,
that covers 32 polities across and the general public regarding
three world regions. The data set the global decline of democracy
is composed of more than 1,200 and freedom. These contributions
indicators that cover all migration relate strongly to RP1’s research
regulations: from those that target topics; it is a debate in which we
labour migrants to those that engage with the help of the unique
cover humanitarian migrants; tools provided by the GIGA’s
from those that cover co-ethnics global approach and comparative
to those that cover emigrants as well as in-depth area expertise.
TERM LIMITS AND PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION
The DAAD-funded project “Presidents Who Die Participants of
Too Soon and Presidents Who Live Too Long: a workshop on
“Term Limits and
Term Limits and Succession in Presidential and Succession in
Semi-Presidential Regimes” brings together two Presidential and
different but interconnected research agendas Semi-Presidential
Regimes”
developed by the GIGA and the University of
Bergen, Norway. Both teams have extensive
regional and country expertise, and their agendas address a joint interest
in the stability and quality of democratic institutions in the Global South
through the study of the constitutional constraints on elected executives –
particularly the rules regulating their tenure.
www.giga-hamburg.de/en/project/presidents-who-die-too-soon
RESEARCH PROGRAMME 1 27RESEARCH PROGRAMME 2:
PEACE AND SECURITY
Researchers from Research Pro- to existing, internationally highly
gramme 2 “Peace and Security” visible research, the project seeks
(RP2) investigated how climate to identify and specify the con-
change affects human migration. textual religious conditions (demo-
Christiane Fröhlich and collabora- graphy and dynamics of identity,
tors from other research institutions content of religious ideas, institu-
argued for a more nuanced under- tions that accommodate group
Dr. Christian
von Soest standing of the conditions that interests) that can promote or
link global warming to migration harm peace respectively.
patterns, and presented detailed Further attesting to RP2’s
research results as well as concep- academic recognition, in 2019 its
tual considerations in the journals researchers published in prestig-
Review of Environmental Econom- ious outlets such as the British
ics and Policy, Sustainability, and a Journal of Political Science, Jour-
special issue of Mobilities. These nal of Peace Research, Journal of
Photos: Reuters/Mohamed Nureldin Abdallah (1), Boris Rostami (1), GIGA (1)
findings are the product of the Conflict Resolution, Mediterranean
Horizon 2020 project “Migration Politics, Peacebuilding, and
Governance and Asylum Crises” Zeitschrift für Internationale Bezie-
(MAGYC); Christiane Fröhlich con- hungen. Two articles, one on the
tributes as a work package leader effect of religious ideas on altruism
to this European Union initiative. and discrimination by Lisa Hoff-
A further key question for mann, Matthias Basedau, Simone
peace and conflict research is Gobien, and Sebastian Prediger
as to when religion triggers or (in cooperation with colleagues
tames violence. Matthias Basedau from RP3) and another one on
started the new project “Religion, the composition of secret police
Conflict, and Sustainable Peace,” forces by Adam Scharpf and his
funded by the German Ministry co-author (see text box below),
for Economic Cooperation and were accepted by the American
Development (BMZ). Contributing Journal of Political Science.
28 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019In July, the German Council of this award (Julia Straßheim was
Science and Humanities (Wissen- the first, in 2017). Further to that,
schaftsrat) published its compre- the German Association for Peace
hensive evaluation report on the and Conflict Studies (AFK) recog-
state of peace and security re- nised Elisabeth Bunselm eyer’s
search in Germany. The council dissertation on the reconciliation
emphasised the GIGA’s significant process after the Peruvian civil
contribution to the field, and par- war; she won the AFK’s 2019
ticularly highlighted the institute’s Christiane Rajewsky Prize.
Doctoral Programme and its coop- RP2 members actively shared
eration with universities. In addition, their insights through public events,
the GIGA also actively contributes numerous media appearances,
to efforts to bring peace and con- and policy advice given to federal
flict researchers in Hamburg closer ministries and members of parlia-
together and to strengthen the ment (“Leibniz im Bundestag”). A
city’s role as one of the field’s well-attended GIGA Talk in Berlin,
regional centres in Germany. organised by André Bank, focussed
Two prestigious awards dem- on “The Future of Syria.” The 2019
onstrate the success of the GIGA’s GIGA NDR “Grenzgänger” event
young peace and security scholars. series dealt with the crisis in
After Felix Haaß in 2018 won two Venezuela (Sabine Kurtenbach) and
academic prizes for his dissertation the relationship between religion
on the influence of development aid and violence in Africa (Matthias
on democratisation in post-conflict Basedau), respectively. Christian
societies, in 2019 he also received von Soest was among the key
the Leibniz Dissertation Award. organisers and contributors to
This was already the second time the GIGA Global Transitions Con-
that a young peace and conflict ference on “Economic Statecraft:
researcher from the GIGA received Competition and Cooperation.”
THE COMPOSITION OF SECRET POLICE FORCES
Who serves in a dictator’s secret police? Adam Dr. Adam Scharpf
Scharpf and his co-author Christian Gläßel pub-
lished their study “Why Underachievers Dominate
Secret Police Organizations: Evidence from Auto-
cratic Argentina” in one of the highest-ranking
political science journals, the American Journal of
Political Science. They powerfully demonstrated
that state officials, who are threatened by grim career prospects within
the military, become committed secret police agents willing to do the
regime’s dirty work. These findings have major implications for the study
of security agencies in autocracies and of political radicalisation.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ajps.12475
RESEARCH PROGRAMME 2 29RESEARCH PROGRAMME 3:
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Two of 2019’s major global themes leading experts on the topic.
were among the foci of RP3’s (Re- In continued contributions to the
search Programme “Growth and problems confronted by the inter-
Development”) research: first, the national trade regime, Amrita
trade war between China and the Narlikar has suggested that tech-
United States, weaponised interde- nocratic fixes within the World
pendence, and the repercussions Trade Organization will not be
Apl. Prof. Dr.
Jann Lay hereof for the Global South, and, enough. Instead, fundamentally
second, climate change – with an re-thinking and re-negotiating
emphasis on the obstacles to de- the terms of globalisation and the
carbonisation’s development in the corresponding narrative is required.
GIGA’s study regions. Further, the She presented these ideas for
Research Programme secured example at the 30th anniversary
Photos: iStock/Dilok Klaisataporn (1), Werner Bartsch (1), Reuters/Paulo Whitaker (1)
funding to continue its research on conference of the WTO’s Trade
large-scale land acquisitions, land- Policy Review Mechanism.
use change, and on rural develop- RP3’s contribution to climate
ment as well as to step up that on change research emphasises the
investment, structural change, and obstacles and trade-offs faced by
job creation in sub-Saharan Africa. developing countries when they
Early on in the debate on the are called to reduce greenhouse
crisis of multilateralism, Amrita gas emissions. For example, the
Narlikar warned against the danger removal of wasteful and environ-
that developing countries would mentally harmful fossil fuel subsi-
be negatively affected by the aris- dies has long been advocated for;
ing trade wars. Bringing in the yet, in many developing countries
perspective of the Global South these policies persist. RP3 research,
was among the sub-themes of the including a study published in
2019 Global Transitions Conference Environment and Development on
on “Economic Statecraft” that fuel-subsidy removal in Indonesia,
brought together diplomats and shows that the welfare losses to
30 GIGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019selected groups – for example special initiative by the Federal
to households who increasingly Ministry for Economic Cooperation
rely on private transport – can be and Development (BMZ) on “Train-
substantial. While the overall wel- ing and Employment.” In a related
fare impacts of higher fuel prices GIGA Focus, Tabea Lakemann
tend to be progressive, meaning and Jann Lay examined the
they put a higher burden on the “Uberisation” of work – that is, the
rich, there are also reform losers increasing use of digital platforms
among the poor who lack the by self-employed service providers.
means to cope with these higher They suggest that what is often
prices. As countries grow richer, seen as a pathway into precarious
these types of mechanisms lock employment in rich countries may
them into a carbon-intensive de- offer new opportunities for informal
velopment path that proves difficult entrepreneurs in Africa. The rise
to change from. This is one of the of digital platforms may help them
reasons why RP3 has set up a new to become more productive, and
collaborative project to investigate eventually to formalise. Such in-
the question of how Africa, a con- sights were shared with policy-
tinent that is in large parts not yet makers and practitioners in direct
locked into carbon-intensive eco- exchanges, for exa mple in a Berlin
nomic development, can pursue Talk and adjacent workshop held
a more climate-friendly path. at the GIGA’s Berlin Office on
Many RP3 projects focus on “Investment and Job Creation in
Africa, reflecting an increased pub- Africa.” Further, Jann Lay was part
lic and policy interest in economic of a high-level panel on “Economy
development on the continent. The and Development Cooperation in
Research Programme started a Africa” at the Development Policy
major project that provides scien- Forum organised by the Hanns
tific support to an Africa-targeted Seidel Foundation.
THIRD PHASE OF THE LAND MATRIX INITIATIVE KICKS OFF
The Land Matrix Initiative collects data on large- Agricultural
scale land acquisitions in the Global South; RP3 machinery at work
has been an active member hereof for many years
now. The third funding phase (until 2023) kicked
off with a debate at the World Bank Conference on
Land and Poverty on the practical contributions of
the Land Matrix to international monitoring efforts
regarding land deals, with stakeholders from NGOs, bilateral donors,
and international organisations all present. This discussion was continued
during a side event at the African Land Policy Conference held in Abidjan,
Côte d’Ivoire.
www.landmatrix.org
RESEARCH PROGRAMME 3 31RESEARCH PROGRAMME 4:
POWER AND IDEAS
The Research Programme “Power by Tobias Lenz (including a volume
and Ideas” (RP4) consolidated ex- with Oxford University Press co-
isting research foci and developed authored with Liesbet Hooghe and
new ones. The two large projects Gary Marks) addressed issues re-
“Sources and Consequences of lated to international organisations
Legitimation Strategies of Regional and international regime complex-
Organizations (LegRO)” (Leibniz es. Sandra Destradi (principle in-
Prof. Dr. Sandra
Destradi Competition) and “Legitimate Multi- vestigator), Sinan Chu, and Heike
polarity” (DFG) continued their Holbig initiated a new third-party
work and contributed to strength- funded sub-project on China’s
ening RP4’s focus on different approach to the Bretton Woods
aspects of international legitimacy Institutions and its founding of
and legitimation. An internal read- alternative institutions (AIIB, NDB).
ing group on the topic of legitima- The project is part of the inter-
tion strengthens these connections disciplinary Leibniz-funded project
Photos: Reuters/Carlos Jasso (1), Ulrike Schröder (1), iStock/ricochet64 (1)
across research projects. A range “Drifting Apart: International Institu-
of publications related to this topic tions in Crisis and the Management
came out, including an article in of Dissociation Processes” (DRIFT;
International Studies Quarterly by coordination: PRIF/HSFK, duration:
Tobias Lenz and co-authors. The 2019-2022).
volume Contested World Orders, A third main topic concerns the
which emerged out of a Leibniz- international impact of the global
funded project in which Detlef Nolte rise of populism. Besides their
and Miriam Prys-Hansen were in- article on the impact of populism
volved, was published with Oxford on foreign policy in Foreign Policy
University Press. Analysis, Sandra Destradi and
The broader theme of the pol Johannes Plagemann published a
itics of multilateral institutions was comparative analysis of populist
further developed. Several publica- governments’ foreign policies in
tions by Henning Schmidtke and countries of the Global South in
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