You need to know for Diabetes Management - Essential advice for people with diabetes from Roche Diabetes Care - Accu-Chek
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You need to know for Diabetes Management
* According to the American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2021.
Essential advice for people with diabetes from Roche Diabetes CareWhy is it important to keep your numbers under control?
Diabetes self-management is a Keeping your numbers under control will help:
numbers game; it’s not just about
your blood sugar.
Lower your risk of Lower your risk of
78
max
There are at least eight different hypoglycemia and cardiovascular
numbers you should be familiar hyperglycemia disease
6 51
min
with to lower your risk of
developing complications from
2 3
diabetes.
Lower your risk of You avoid
kidney problems foot complications
Improve your
quality of life1 Blood Sugar Levels
Checking your blood sugar, also called blood glucose, is an important What are the recommended target blood sugar levels for
part of diabetes care. people with diabetes?
The American Diabetes Association recommends the following targets
Why do I need to know my blood sugar levels? for most non-pregnant adults with diabetes.
Your blood sugar numbers show how well your diabetes is managed Fasting/before a meal 80-130 mg/dL (4.4 - 7.2 mmol/L)
throughout the day. Two hours after the start of the meal less than 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L)
What affects your blood sugar? Blood glucose less than 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) is considered
Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose).
Stress, sickness Blood glucose more than 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) is considered
Food
or illness Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose).
How often should I check my blood sugar?
MED Medication Physical Activity The number of times that you Recommended times for
check your blood sugar checking your blood sugar:*
depends on:
The type of diabetes you have Before a meal
How do I check my daily blood sugar? The type of medicine you take 2 hours after a meal
You can use a blood glucose meter to check your blood glucose levels. When you first wake up (fasting) At bedtime
This device uses a small drop of blood from your finger to measure your blood
sugar level. Ask your healthcare professional how to use your blood glucose *Ask you healthcare professional what are your most suitable
meter and how to record your result. target blood sugar levels and how often to check.2 HbA1c 3 Blood Pressure
HbA1c tells you and your health care team your average blood sugar level over It is important for people with diabetes to keep their blood pressure
the past 2 to 3 months. under control (below 140/90 mmHg). Stroke, heart disease and other
complications are more likely to occur if your blood pressure is high.
What is my HbA1c goal?
For many people with diabetes, the HbA1c goal is below 7%, but this will differ Solutions to keep blood pressure in range:
for every person. Discuss your individual HbA1c goal with your healthcare professional.
How often do I need an HbA1c test?
Taking high-blood pressure Managing weight
You need to test HbA1c at least 2 times a year. medication as prescribed
Check your blood sugar as many times a day as your
health care team suggests.
Keep a record of your numbers and share them with your healthcare Increased physical activity,
Avoiding foods
professional during your visits. only moderate alcohol
high in sodium (salt)
intake, and increased fruit
Work with your health care team and decide what changes you need and vegetable intake
to make to reach your blood sugar goals.4 Cholesterol 5 Weight and Waistline
High cholesterol is a risk factor for heart disease and it is important to Aiming for a healthy weight and waist circumference is very important.
keep it under control.
It’s one of the most important determinant of cardiovascular outcomes.
Total Cholesterol 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) for women
Triglycerides < 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) BMI = Weight (kg) / Height (m2).
Eating avocado on a regular basis can raise your Indicators of healthy weight:
Smart Tip:
HDL - also known as good cholesterol BMI of 18.6 – 24.9
Waistline less than < 80 cm for women and < 94 cm for men
Remember to:
Limit saturated fats Increase physical activity
found in meat, dairy
products and fried food Eat more vegetables
and fruits
Eat more fish
rich in Omega-3 Take cholesterol reducing
e.g. salmon, mackerel medication as directed6 Kidney Function 7 Daily Calorie Count
Counting calories is important for weight management.
Smart Tip: Make sure you drink enough water daily
Total calorie needs are customized based on age, goal, current
weight, height and activity.
Kidney damage is a common long term complication of Talk to your healthcare professional to set your daily target calories.
diabetes. Microalbumin and creatinine are indicators of
kidney function. A yearly microalbumin urine test to check
for protein in your urine and a serum creatinine blood test
to measure creatinine levels in your blood can tell your
doctor if your kidneys are damaged and what is your risk
120
of developing kidney failure in the future.
Normal levels vary according to age and body mass but
cal 45
generally: Microalbumin < 30mg and Creatinine 0.8 -
1.2 mg/dL is considered normal. Talk to your healthcare
cal
professional to agree on a normal target.
Make sure you are eating your calories
Smart Tip:
and not drinking them8 Exercise Minutes
Boosting your immunity with exercise, as well as managing your blood
sugar, can help you stay healthy which is our ultimate goal. Practicing at
least 30 min a day of moderate aerobic exercise (e.g. brisk walking) is
recommended for people with diabetes.
Consult your healthcare professional to find out the most appropriate
exercise plan for you.
Smart Tip: Invest in a step-tracking device or download an application on your smart phoneReferences:
1. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2021; 44(Suppl1):S85-S99.
2. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Global guideline on self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. 2009. [updated 2009; cited 2019 Nov 9].
Available from: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/SMBG_EN2.pdf.
3. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S125-S150.
4. The Society of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa Type 2 Diabetes Guidelines Expert Committee. The SEMDSA 2017 Guidelines for the Management of Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus. JEMDSA. 2017;22(1)(Supplement 1):S1-S192.
5. Mahmassani HA, Avendano EE, Raman G, Johnson EJ. Avocado consumption and risk factors for heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Apr
1;107(4):523-536.
6. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). Defining Adult Overweight and Obesity [Internet]. 2021 Mar 3 [cited 2021 Mar 17]. Available from:
https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/defining.html
13.MCMEA.EducationalBrochures.0221.EXP.March2023.
7. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome [Internet]. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). 2006 [cited 2021 Mar 17]. Available from:
https://www.idf.org/e-library/consensus-statements/60-idfconsensus-worldwide-definitionof-the-metabolic-syndrome.html#:~:text=IDF%20Consensus%20Worldwide%20Definition
%20of%20the%20Metabolic%20Syndrome&text=The%20metabolic%20syndrome%20is%20a,cholesterol%20and%20high%20blood%20pressure.
8. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S151-S167.
9. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care.
2021;44(Suppl1):S53-S72.
For more information please contact your healthcare professional.
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