2018 AURORA HUMANITARIAN INDEX - The Aurora prize
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2 0 1 8 AURORA
HUMANITARIAN
I NDEX
THE AURORA
HUMANITARIAN
INDEX
The Aurora Humanitarian Index is an annual global
survey that examines public perceptions of major
humanitarian issues. It explores the international public’s
attitudes toward both responsibility and effectiveness
of humanitarian intervention, as well as the motivations
that urge people to intervene on behalf of others.
2
CONTENTS
Background and methodology 4
Executive Summary 5
Key Findings
Growing risk of war, while terrorism remains the most pressing global 8
humanitarian threat
Risk of war as a cause of displacement 11
Information bias leading to misconceptions about the global refugee crisis 15
Public opinion divided on welcoming refugees 30
Sorting out the issue is a joint effort for the international community 37
NGOs as facilitators of global cooperation 43
People feel compelled to help and want to know how donations are being used 49
3AURORA HUMANITARIAN INDEX
BACKGROUND & METHODOLOGY
2016 Aurora Humanitarian Index was conducted between
March and April 2016 in six countries:
RUSSIA
UK
1,000 respondents in France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States
GERMANY
300 respondents in Iran and Lebanon
FRANCE
Total of 4,600 interviews
ARMENIA
UNITED STATES TURKEY
2017 Aurora Humanitarian Index was conducted between
February and March 2017 in 12 countries: LEBANON IRAN
1,000 respondents in France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States
300 in Argentina, Armenia, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Russia, Turkey
Total of 6,466 interviews
2018 Aurora Humanitarian Index was conducted between
March and April 2018 in 12 countries:
KENYA
1,000 respondents in France, Germany, United Kingdom,
United States, Argentina, Japan, Armenia, Russia, Turkey
300 in Iran, Kenya, Lebanon
Total of 10,844 online interviews
ARGENTINA
Research partner With support of
4EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 5
K E Y H E A D L I N E S Y E A R - O N -Y E A R
2016
▪▪ There is a gulf between perception and reality: the public underestimates the number of Syrian
refugees by staggering amounts.
▪▪ There is a ‘‘compassion gap’’: a large gap exists between what people say they feel versus
what they would be willing to actually do. Though a vast majority agreed refugees deserve help,
only one in two would actually help Syrian refugees if they could.
▪▪ Misinformation and cynicism dominate public perceptions about refugees: the majority of
the public confuses refugees with economic and other types of migrants.
2017
▪▪ Support for humanitarian action is on the decline: though a majority of respondents agree
refugees deserve help, only 37% would welcome refugees into their own countries.
▪▪ Isolationism and nationalism extend beyond politics: 34% of respondents feel their country
is threatened by ethnic minorities, while one third view migrants as a threat to their religious beliefs.
▪▪ Hope lies with the next generation of humanitarians: younger people value diversity and are
more confident in their capacity to drive impact.
2018
▪▪ Concern over the risk of war is growing: risk of war is growing as a humanitarian challenge
and is seen as the top reason people leave their homes around the world.
▪▪ Children have become humanitarian collateral damage: though children are at tremendous risk,
people largely underestimate the proportion of the next generation impacted by humanitarian crises.
▪▪ The resurgence of leaders: the global population is more confident in representatives from the
international community and their ability to address refugee crisis; business leaders are emerging
as key actors and leaders in facing humanitarian challenges.
6EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
▪▪ Concern over the risk of war is growing: Terrorism remains the most pressing global humanitarian
threat but risk of war is growing. It is now the second or third most pressing challenge across almost
all countries and is seen as the top cause leading people to leave their home across the globe.
The civil war in Syria is perceived as the challenge that has caused the most displacement.
▪▪ People are experiencing ‘‘crisis overload’’: 61% say there are too many humanitarian crises
to keep up with in the world today. People feel they always hear the same stories and that coverage
of the issue focuses on the same countries all the time (54%). People continue to get it wrong when
it comes to the countries most affected and assume that developed countries host the most
refugees.
▪▪ Children have become humanitarian collateral damage: Despite children being at tremendous
risk in the global refugee crisis, 77% of people do not know or underestimate the proportion
of displaced people who are children. However, the plight of children is a catalyst for action:
knowing that a humanitarian issue affects children is the number 1 reason that make people feel
responsible to act.
▪▪ The resurgence of leaders: Representatives from the international community and organizations
rank high when it comes to having the capabilities to address the refugee crisis: Donald Trump has
risen 10 points from the past research and is on par with other global leaders, Angela Merkel is seen
as a key figure, as are representatives of the UN such as Filippo Grandi. Business leaders also came
through as key players capable to act with Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg emerging as the leaders
with the strongest capabilities, sometimes on par with political leaders.
▪▪ NGOs have a clear mandate to take an active role when it comes to addressing humanitarian
crises. People recognize their positive impact on the world’s humanitarian challenges and see them
as the most trusted bodies when it comes to providing the right level of aid to help address the
crisis. People believe NGOs would be much more effective if they were supported by governments
- this speaks to the importance of building partnerships. Local NGOs are recognized as key when
it comes to taking an active role on the ground for refugees and helping those most in need, while
international NGOs are seen as key bodies able to identify politicians across the globe.
7KEY FINDING
GROWING RISK OF WAR,
WHILE TERRORISM REMAINS
THE MOST PRESSING GLOBAL
HUMANITARIAN THREAT
‘‘The 2018 Aurora Humanitarian Index provides a wealth of
revealing and valuable information regarding citizen perceptions
toward humanitarian issues. The Index is a useful guide for
international institutions and governments as they engage with
’’
stakeholders, including youth who are our future leaders.
The World Bank
8
10TERRORISM REMAINS ONE OF THE MOST
PRESSING HUMANITARIAN ISSUES FACING
THE WORLD TODAY
Russia Turkey France Germany UK USA
Terrorism Terrorism Terrorism Terrorism Terrorism Terrorism
1st (80%) (74%) (69%) (67%) (64%) (51%)
War/Risk of War/Risk of Climate change Climate Change War/Risk of Protection of
2nd
war (72%) war (65%) (57%) (63%) war (49%) children (42%)
Climate Change Protection of Hunger War/Risk of Climate change War/Risk of
3rd
(52%) children (47%) (57%) war (61%) (47%) war (41%)
Lebanon Kenya Japan Armenia Argentina Iran
Terrorism Climate change Terrorism War/Risk of Hunger War/Risk of
1st (50%) (52%) (46%) war (67%) (66%) war (30%)
War/Risk of Hunger War/Risk of Terrorism Access to clean Access to clean
2nd
war (37%) (49%) war (44%) (40%) water (54%) water (27%)
Protection of Terrorism Relief from natural Protection of Climate change Terrorism
3rd
children (30%) (48%) disasters (40%) children (29%) (52%) (22%)
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357,
Iran=334, Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q1: In your opinion, which of the following are the most pressing, global humanitarian challenges facing humanity right now? 9WA R / R I S K O F WA R I S N O W A TO P C O N C E R N
AC RO S S M U LT I P L E C O U N T R I E S
YEAR-ON-YEAR EVOLUTION OF HUMANITARIAN CHALLENGES
2017 / 2018
Most pressing global humanitarian challenges facing the world right now
Terrorism
63%
58%
41%
War / Risk of war
52% +11pts
Climate change
42%
44%
Hunger (e.g. famine, food scarcity)
42%
41%
Protection of children (e.g. health, safety and education)
33%
36%
Access to clean water (e.g. drought, water sanitation)
39%
36%
42%
Forced migration (e.g. refugees, asylum seekers)
34% -8pts
Relief from natural disasters (e.g. earthquakes, floods)
21%
25%
Preventable diseases (e.g. outbreaks, pandemics)
24%
24%
No data for wave 2
Protection of women (e.g. health, safety and women's rights)
24%
Forced Labor (e.g. slavery)
17%
15% 2017 2018
2017 total respondents across 12 countries=6466 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844
Q1: In your opinion, which of the following are the most pressing, global humanitarian challenges facing humanity right now? 10KEY FINDING
RISK OF WAR AS
A CAUSE OF DISPLACEMENT
‘‘The wars driving so much of refugee flight can be difficult to
solve, but solutions for the refugees fleeing these conflicts should be,
in theory, much easier. Yet the world’s richest countries increasingly
feel burdened by the refugee flow, even though the vast majority
of today’s refugees live in developing countries.
’’
Kenneth Roth
Executive Director
Human Rights Watch
7 11HALF SEE WAR / RISK OF WAR AS
T H E N U M B E R O N E C AU S E L E A D I N G
PEOPLE TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES
Top cause leading people to War / risk of war as a top
leave their home globally: cause by country:
War/risk of war 52% Germany 64%
Russia 58%
Terrorism 20%
Turkey 57%
Hunger (e.g. famine, food
12%
scarcity) Kenya 57%
Natural disasters
6% France 54%
(e.g. earthquakes, floods)
No access to clean water Iran 51%
3%
(e.g. drought, water sanitation)
UK 51%
Forced Labor (e.g. slavery) 2%
Armenia 48%
Climate change 2% Argentina 48%
Risk of preventable diseases Japan 47%
1%
(e.g. outbreaks, pandemics)
Lebanon 47%
Other 1%
USA 38%
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357,
Iran=334, Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q32: Which of the following do you think are the top 3 causes leading to people leaving their homes/countries in the last 12 months? 12DISPLACEMENT DUE TO CONFLICT /
VIOLENCE HAS NEARLY DOUBLED SINCE 2000
AND INCREASED SHARPLY IN LAST FIVE YEARS
By the end of 2016, 40.3 million people were internally displaced because
of conflict and violence in the world
Refugees and IDPs displaced by conflict and violence,
1990 to 2016
IDPs Refugees
Source: Global Report on Internal Displacement 2017 www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2017/ 13MORE THAN HALF THINK
THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR IS THE NUMBER ONE
C AU S E O F D I S P L AC E M E N T
TOP CRISIS CAUSING MOST DISPLACEMENT
OF PEOPLE FROM THEIR HOMES
52% 78% in Lebanon and 73% in Turkey
think the civil war in Syria is
the top cause of displacement
9% 8% 7%
5%
3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1%
Civil war War in Refugee Internal Persecution Drought Conflict Drought Conflict Conflict Conflict and
in Syria Afghanistan crisis in violence of the and famine and famine and famine and famine and famine famine in the
Europe in Iraq Rohingya in in Somalia in South in Ethiopia in Nigeria in Yemen D.R. Congo
Myanmar Sudan
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844
Q34: In your opinion, which of the below have caused the most displacement of people from their homes? 14KEY FINDING
INFORMATION BIAS
LEADING TO MISCONCEPTIONS
ABOUT THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS
‘‘The Humanitarian Index gives some hints as to what might be
done: Classic media (TV, print, radio) still enjoy quite a lot of trust, but
many people would like a more diverse coverage on global migration
issues. At the same time, many people feel that they always hear
the same stories about the same (Western, European) countries.
Thus, a more balanced and fact-based media coverage of migration
and refugee issues, illustrating chances as well as risks, and offering
more analysis on the impact of migration in other world regions,
would be helpful.
’’
Steffen Angenendt Nadine Biehler
Head of the Global Issues Division Associate in the Global Issues Division
German Institute for International German Institute for International
and Security Affairs (SWP) and Security Affairs (SWP)
7 15S E N T I M E N T & AWA R E N E S S
O F H U M A N I TA R I A N C R I S E S AC RO S S
T H E G LO B E
WE ARE EXPERIENCING ″CRISIS OVERLOAD″
LEBANON 82%
TURKEY 77%
FRANCE 68%
61%
UK 65%
GERMANY 63%
AGREE KENYA 60%
USA 59%
JAPAN 59%
RUSSIA 56%
IRAN 56%
There are too many
ARGENTINA
humanitarian crises to keep up
50%
with in the world today ARMENIA 46%
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q47: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 16TV REMAINS THE MOST TRUSTED
S O U RC E O F I N F O R M AT I O N A B O U T
REFUGEE CRISIS
BUT THE LEVEL OF TRUST IS GRADUALLY
DECLINING FROM 67% IN 2016 AND 59% IN 2017
Level of trust in sources that give accurate information
about the global refugee crisis
MORE TRUSTED
TV 57%
Friends & family 53%
Print media (Newspapers, magazines) 52%
Radio 52%
Search engines (Google, Yahoo, Bing, others) 47%
Social media (Facebook, Twitter, others) 36%
Other online sources 36%
E-mail (e.g. newsletters) 30%
Blogs 27%
SMS / text message 18%
LESS TRUSTED
Q48: How much do you trust the following groups/institutions to give you accurate information about the global refugee crisis?
2018 total respondents across 12 countries= 10844 17D E V E LO P E D VS. D E V E LO P I N G C O U N T R I E S
GETTING IT WRONG ON REFUGEES...AGAIN
PERCEPTION VS. REALITY
Countries that have accepted the highest number of refugees over the past decade
54% GERMANY
30% FRANCE
24% TURKEY
21% USA
21% ITALY
15% UK
13% GREECE
2018 11% CANADA
10% SPAIN
9% RUSSIA
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Q13: Based on what you know, which countries have accepted the highest number of refugees over the last decade?
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844 18D E V E LO P E D VS. D E V E LO P I N G C O U N T R I E S
GETTING IT WRONG ON REFUGEES...AGAIN
PERCEPTION VS. REALITY
Countries hosting most refugees in 2017 (in millions) UNHCR
TURKEY 2.9
PAKISTAN 1.4
LEBANON 1
IRAN 0.979
UGANDA 0.94
ETHIOPIA 0.791
JORDAN 0.685
GERMANY 0.669
D.R. CONGO 0.452
KENYA 0.451
UNHCR SOURCE: UNHCR - Global Trends Report 2016, UNHCR Global Appeal Report 2018/2019 19T H E P U B L I C W RO N G LY A S S U M E S T H AT
M O S T D I S P L AC E D P E O P L E A R E H O S T E D
B Y D E V E LO P E D C O U N T R I E S LO C AT E D
I N E U RO P E A N D N O RT H A M E R I C A
84% BUT 97%
of displaced people find of people don’t know
refuge in developing or underestimate this
countries proportion
Source: 2018
UNHCR, http://www.unhcr.org/5943e8a34 Total respondents across 12 countries=10844
Q42B: What proportion of displaced people currently being hosted by developing countries? 20H A L F F E E L C OV E R AG E O F T H E G LO B A L
REFUGEE CRISIS IS FOCUSED ON
D E V E LO P E D C O U N T R I E S
68% 66%
61%
54% 54% 54%
50% 49%
47% 46% 46%
52%
42%
AGREE
ARGENTINA
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
KENYA
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
Coverage about the global refugee crisis focuses on
the consequences in developed countries as opposed
to developing ones
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q50: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 21M O R E O F T H E S A M E W H E N I T C O M E S TO
COVERAGE OF THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS
64% 63%
60% 58%
58% 57% 56%
52% 50%
46% 45%
42%
54%
ARGENTINA
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
AGREE
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
KENYA
JA PA N
IRAN
USA
UK
I feel like I always read/hear the same stories about the global refugee crisis
64% 62% 62%
60% 59% 57%
53%
48% 48% 47% 47%
54%
ARGENTINA
33%
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
AGREE
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
KENYA
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
News coverage about the global refugee crisis is always about the same countries
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q50: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 22LONG TERM CRISES THAT HAVE RECIEVED
A LOT OF MEDIA ATTENTION
ARE MOST WELL-KNOWN
Especially in neighboring countries or countries directly affected
79% 73% 70% 61%
Civil war in Syria Refugee crisis in Europe War in Afghanistan Internal violence in Iraq
START
DATE
2011 2015 2001 2014 (2003)
MOST WELL-KNOWN IN…
Turkey Germany USA Turkey
97% 93% 81% 86%
Lebanon Turkey Turkey Lebanon
94% 83% 81% 70%
Russia France Iran Iran
87% 83% 80% 70%
Iran UK UK Kenya
85% 81% 77% 68%
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q33: How much do you know about the following humanitarian issues? 23W H I L E OT H E R C R I S E S A R E N OT W E L L
K N O W N D E S P I T E H AV I N G A T R E M E N D O U S
I M PAC T O N H U M A N L I V E S
Percentage of people who have not heard and do not know anything
about the following humanitarian issues
40% 32% 25% 24%
Persecution of the Conflict and famine Conflict and famine Conflict and famine
Rohingya in Myanmar in the D.R. Congo in South Sudan in Yemen
START
DATE
2017 2013 2013 2015
LEAST WELL-KNOWN IN…
Armenia Armenia Russia Armenia
72% 55% 42% 43%
Russia Iran Armenia Russia
63% 49% 41% 39%
Argentina Lebanon Argentina Argentina
62% 43% 38% 37%
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q33: How much do you know about the following humanitarian issues? 24THE LESS WELL KNOWN CRISES
MYANMAR YEMEN
“Over 647,000 refugees “With more than 17 MILLION – 2 in 3
have fled to Bangladesh people – not knowing where their
since 25 August 2017” next meal will come from, Yemen is
the world’s largest humanitarian crisis’’
Source: UNHCR Source: AMNESTY International
SOUTH SUDAN D.R. CONGO
“Projections for February-April “Violence in DRC’s Kasaï region
2018: 6.3 MLN people in “crisis,” caused 1 MILLION IDPs and
“emergency” or “catastrophe” 35,000 refugees (2017/2018)”
Source: UN News Source: OCHA
25C H I L D R E N A N D W O M E N H AV E B E C O M E
H U M A N I TA R I A N C O L L AT E R A L DA M AG E
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN VIEWED AS
LESS PRESSING ISSUES
Percentage of people who think the following are some of the most pressing
global humanitarian challenges
48% 47%
46% 47% 45%
42%
2017 2018
40%
38% 38%
34% 36% 34% 33%
36%
30% 30% 31%
27% 29% 28%
22%
18% 18%
Protection 17%
13%
of children
Argentina Turkey Germany USA France UK Lebanon Russia Japan Iran Armenia Kenya
44%
31% 31% 30% 2018
24%
27% 26% 25%
Protection 13% 12% 12% 11% 10%
of women
Turkey France Argentina Germany Kenya USA UK Russia Lebanon Iran Armenia Japan
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q1: In your opinion, which of the following are the most pressing, global humanitarian challenges facing humanity right now? 26CHILDREN AT TREMENDOUS RISK IN
THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS, BUT PEOPLE
DON’T RECOGNIZE THE FACTS
REALITY Source: UNHCR Global
Trends Report
51%
31%
Total world population Total refugee population
made up of children made up of children
P E RC E P T I O N According to the
2018 Humanitarian Index
PROPORTION
Adults
(Men + Women) 68% OF REFUGEES
WHO ARE:
32% Children under
the age of 18
Q43: According to you, what do you think is the proportion of refugees who are: Children (boys and girls under the age of 18), 27
Males, Female 300. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844.8 IN 10 PEOPLE DO NOT KNOW WHAT
PROPORTION OF DISPLACED PEOPLE
ARE CHILDREN
77%
of people don’t know or underestimate
the proportion of children who
are displaced
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844
Q42: Below are some questions about the scale of the humanitarian challenges the world is faced with today. 28
Please select the figures you think are correct: Globally, what proportion of displaced people are currently children?HOWEVER, CHILDREN’S PLIGHT
I S A C ATA LY S T F O R AC T I O N
Knowing that it affects children
51% would make people feel more
responsible to act towards a
AGREE humanitarian issue
69% 69%
60% 59% 59%
49% 48% 48% 47%
43% 42%
31%
ARGENTINA
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
KENYA
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q46: Which of the below would make you feel more responsible to act towards a humanitarian issue? 29KEY FINDING
PUBLIC OPINION DIVIDED
ON WELCOMING REFUGEES
‘‘We need a new paradigm for humanitarian response that moves
away from emergency aid and instead focuses on self-reliance and
the conditions that make it possible. We must also expand legal
pathways for safe migration to protect the lives of those in the most
perilous situations. This will take imagination, ingenuity, and new
partnerships.
’’
Sasha Chanoff
Founder and Executive Director
RefugePoint
30
10REFUGEES DESERVE MORE HELP
T H A N T H E Y A R E C U R R E N T LY G E T T I N G
48%
AGREE
78%
71%
66%
60%
55% 54% 52%
47%
41%
33% 33%
ARGENTINA
28%
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
KENYA
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q31: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis? 31P E O P L E WA N T T H E I R C O U N T R I E S
TO DO MORE TO HELP REFUGEES
We should be doing more in my country to help refugees
47%
AGREE
78%
68%
66%
50% 50% 49%
45% 44%
41% 39%
33%
ARGENTINA
29%
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
KENYA
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q31: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis? 31W H I L E H A L F T H I N K T H AT T H E I R C O U N T R Y
HAS ALREADY TAKEN TOO MANY REFUGEES...
2017 2018
Lebanon 89% 91%
47%
My country has Germany 52% 60%
already taken on Iran 54% 63%
too many refugees
AGREE LOWEST HIGHEST
Japan 9% Lebanon 91%
Armenia 33% Turkey 82%
... ONLY 35% FEEL BAD THAT THEIR COUNTRY
HAS NOT DONE MORE
2017 2018
UK 27% 38%
O N LY
Brexit
context
I feel bad that my
35%
country has not USA Trump
context 36% 44%
done more to help
refugees LOWEST
AGREE
HIGHEST
Russia 16% Argentina 52%
Germany 20% Armenia 49%
Q31: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis? 33
2017 total respondents across 12 countries = 6,466. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844THERE IS A RISE IN NATIONALISTIC SENTIMENT
WITH PEOPLE THINKING REFUGEES POSE
A THREAT TO THEIR CULTURE
ONLY WHEREAS
30% 41% 40%
AGREE AGREE AGREE
My country is made a better place These days, I am afraid that my It is better for a country if almost
to live in by people from other country’s culture is threatened everyone shares the same customs
countries coming to live here by ethnic minorities and traditions
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
HIGHEST HIGHEST HIGHEST
Russia 49% 12% USA 52% Russia 38% 49% Turkey 55% Russia 32% 54% Russia 54%
UK 42% Lebanon 53% Armenia 48%
Turkey 45% 16% Lebanon 42% 53% Turkey 21% 38%
LOWEST LOWEST LOWEST
UK 30% 42% France 53% 43% Iran 22% 42%
Turkey 16% Argentina 24% Japan 34%
USA 46% 52% Russia 12% UK 55% 49% Armenia 21% USA 32%
Q31: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis? 34
2017 total respondents across 12 countries = 6,466. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844OVERALL , PEOPLE DO NOT RECOGNIZE / KNOW
THE TRUE VALUE THAT REFUGEES CAN BRING
TO THEIR COUNTRY AND THE ECONOMY
ONLY AND
40% 39% 60%
AGREE AGREE AGREE
Refugees bring new People who come to live here By arriving in my country refugees
entrepreneurial and economic generally take jobs away from put an additional strain on the
skills to the economy and society workers in my country welfare system
LOWEST HIGHEST LOWEST HIGHEST LOWEST HIGHEST
Turkey 23% Armenia 67% Kenya 19% Turkey 69% Japan 48% Russia 81%
Russia 24% Kenya 59% Japan 21% Lebanon 82% Armenia 37% Lebanon 78%
REALITY: This year FORBES highlighted the successes of immigrants on The FORBES 400, who have
built some of the biggest American companies and are living testaments to the fact that the American
dream is alive and well. More than 10% of the 400 came to the USA from 21 countries, including 6 from
Israel, 5 from India, and 4 from both Hungary and Taiwan.
Q41: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis? 35
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844AS A RESULT, PEOPLE TEND TO THINK
THAT MIGRANTS SHOULD NOT BE SETTLING
DOWN IN THEIR COUNTRIES BUT HELPED
TO RETURN HOME INSTEAD
Legally established immigrants
should be able to become
citizens of my country easily
40% UK Brexit
2017
37%
2018
47%
AGREE
context
LOWEST HIGHEST
Lebanon 20% USA 61%
Turkey 19% Kenya 51%
Refugees should be helped
to return to their countries
76% once conflicts are over
AGREE LOWEST HIGHEST
Japan 69% Kenya 90%
USA 64% Lebanon 90%
Q41: How much do the following statements describe how you feel about refugees and the global refugee crisis? 36
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844KEY FINDING
SORTING OUT THE ISSUE IS A JOINT
EFFORT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITY
‘‘Itis the lack of responsible leadership that is amplifying the
public’s sense of crisis, because there are so many political
leaders who use the language of crisis but don’t give a sense
of manageability around the issue of refugee displacement. It is
crucial that political leaders portray the manageability of refugee
flows, rather than merely presenting it as a crisis. That is the
message that we need to change.
’’
Sara Pantuliano
Managing Director
Overseas Development Institute
37THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS SEEN AS
BEST PLACED TO HELP ADDRESS THE GLOBAL
REFUGEE CRISIS
International
79%
83%
BUT, GOVERNMENTS AND
community
50%
International not- 78% INSTITUTIONS ARE FACED
for-profit 67%
organizations 48% WITH A TRUST GAP WHEN
82%
Developed
countries
44%
78% IT COMES TO GIVING
Local/grassroot
not-for-profit 57%
65%
THE RIGHT LEVEL
organizations
OF SUPPORT TO HELP
41%
67%
Countries to which
64%
refugees flee
39% ADDRESS THE CRISIS
Regional 70%
organization of 74%
countries 35%
59%
My government 61%
35%
60% Capable to provide humanitarian aid for
Faith-based
62% the global refugee crisis
organizations
33%
36%
Individual people Responsible to provide funding to address
34%
like me
30% the global refugee crisis
Multinational 66%
businesses/ 63%
corporations
Trusted to provide the right level/type of humanitarian
28%
aid to help address the global refugee crisis
51%
The media 51%
25%
42%
Developing
46%
countries
23%
30%
Countries from
59%
which refugees flee 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844
15%
Q35: How capable do you think the following groups are to provide humanitarian aid for the global refugee crisis?
Q36: How responsible do you think the following groups are to provide funding to address the global refugee crisis? 38
Q37: How much do you trust the following groups to provide the right level/type of humanitarian aid to help address the global refugee crisis?R E P R E S E N TAT I V E S F RO M I N T E R N AT I O N A L
ORGANIZATIONS ARE RE-GAINING GROUND
WHEN IT COMES TO HAVING THE CAPABILITY
TO ADDRESS THE REFUGEE CRISIS
Top 10 leaders who have capability to address the refugee crisis
2017 2018
Angela Merkel (Germany) 33% Angela Merkel (Germany) 46%
Donald Trump (USA) 30% Donald Trump (USA) 40%
Vladimir Putin (Russia) 24% Vladimir Putin (Russia) 35%
Antonio Guterres
(UN General Secretary) 22% Pope Francis 31%
Antonio Guterres (UN
François Hollande (France) 18% 31%
Secretary General)
Justin Trudeau (Canada) 18% Emmanuel Macron (France) 31%
Pope Francis Filippo Grandi (UN High
16% Commissioner for Refugees) 30%
Theresa May (UK) 15% Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein (United Nations High 25%
Commissioner for Human Rights)
Bashar al-Assad (Syria) 15% Theresa May (UK) 25%
Jean-Claude Juncker (EU) 14% Jean-Claude Juncker (President
23%
of the European Commission)
2017 total respondents across 12 countries = 6,466. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844
Q22: Which of the following leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis? 39THIS IS ALSO TRUE AT THE COUNTRY LEVEL WITH
ANGELA MERKEL AND UN / EU REPRESENTATIVES
RANKING HIGH ACROSS COUNTRIES
USA UK France Germany Lebanon Iran
Donald Trump Donald Trump Angela Merkel Angela Merkel Angela Merkel Angela Merkel
1st (47%) (40%) (45%) (53%) (46%) (44%)
Justin Trudeau Angela Merkel Emmanuel Donald Trump Donald Trump Antonio
2nd (29%) (40%) Macron (41%) (43%) (28%) Guterres (41%)
Pope Francis Theresa May Filippo Grandi Emmanuel Justin Trudeau Federica
3rd (29%) (39%) (28%) Macron (40%) (27%) Mogherini (37%)
Argentina Japan Kenya Armenia Russia Turkey
Pope Francis Angela Merkel Donald Trump Angela Merkel Vladimir Putin Recep Erdogan
1st
(54%) (29%) (55%) (65%) (59%) (59%)
Angela Merkel Donald Trump Filippo Grandi Vladimir Putin Angela Merkel Donald Trump
2nd (47%) (27%) (52%) (56%) (57%) (48%)
Donald Trump Antonio Antonio Donald Trump Donald Trump Angela Merkel
3rd (42%) Guterres (25%) Guterres (50%) (55%) (40%) (46%)
Country leader UN/EU/International
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q22: Which of the following leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis? 40IN ADDITION TO MULTINATIONAL BUSINESSES,
BUSINESS LEADERS ARE VIEWED
AS KEY PLAYERS TO HELP MANAGE
THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS
Business leaders most capable of addressing the global refugee crisis
Bill Gates Mark Zuckerberg Tim Cook Sergey Brin Jeff Bezos Elon Musk
Co-Founder, Microsoft Co-Founder, Facebook CEO, Apple Co-Founder, Google Founder, Amazon CEO, Tesla and SpaceX
41% 35% 27% 25% 24% 17%
Multinational businesses / corporations
66% 63%
Capable of providing Responsible to provide
humanitarian aid for the funding to address
global refugee crisis the global refugee crisis
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844
Q35: How capable do you think the following groups are to provide humanitarian aid for the global refugee crisis?
Q36. How responsible do you think the following groups are to provide funding to address the global refugee crisis? 41
Q38. Which of the following business leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis?BUSINESS LEADERS HAVE A CLEAR MANDATE
TO ACT, SEEN AS EQUALLY CAPABLE OF
ADDRESSING THE REFUGEE CRISIS
TOP 2 POLITICAL LEADERS
USA UK France Germany Lebanon Iran Argentina Japan Kenya Armenia Russia Turkey
Donald Donald Angela Angela Angela Angela Pope Angela Donald Angela Vladimir Recep
Trump Trump Merkel Merkel Merkel Merkel Francis Merkel Trump Merkel Putin Erdogan
(47%) (40%) (45%) (53%) (46%) (44%) (54%) (29%) (55%) (65%) (59%) (59%)
Justin Angela Emmanuel Donald Donald Antonio Angela Donald Filippo Vladimir Angela Donald
Trudeau Merkel Macron Trump Trump Guterres Merkel Trump Grandi Putin Merkel Trump
(29%) (40%) (41%) (43%) (28%) (41%) (47%) (27%) (52%) (56%) (57%) (48%)
TOP 2 BUSINESS LEADERS
USA UK France Germany Lebanon Iran Argentina Japan Kenya Armenia Russia Turkey
Bill Bill Bill Bill Bill Bill Bill Bill Mark Mark Bill Bill
Gates Gates Gates Gates Gates Gates Gates Gates Zuckerberg Zuckerberg Gates Gates
(46%) (37%) (34%) (41%) (35%) (45%) (54%) (36%) (66%) (41%) (33%) (47%)
Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Mark Bill Bill Mark Mark
Zuckerberg Zuckerberg Zuckerberg Zuckerberg Zuckerberg Zuckerberg Zuckerberg Zuckerberg Gates Gates Zuckerberg Zuckerberg
(40%) (32%) (30%) (38%) (30%) (33%) (48%) (17%) (62%) (40%) (24%) (43%)
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q22: Which of the following leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis?
Q38. Which of the following business leaders have the capabilities to do the most to address the refugee crisis? 42KEY FINDING
NGOS AS FACILITATORS
OF GLOBAL COOPERATION
‘‘The Aurora Humanitarian Index allows us to gain insights with
regard to attitudes towards humanitarian issues around the world.
One of the major strengths of this survey is to show the mismatch
between perceptions and reality on a number of challenging topics.
Willingness to help, however, increases if people know it affects
children, think they can make a difference and know it might one day
happen to them. NGOs might wish to take these insights on board
when doing advocacy work and developing fund raising campaigns.
’’
Dirk Jacobs
Full Professor in Sociology
Université libre de Bruxelles
43P E O P L E R E C O G N I Z E T H E P O S I T I V E I M PAC T
NGOS HAVE ON THE WORLD’S HUMANITARIAN
CHALLENGES
agree that many of the world’s
65% humanitarian challenges would
be worse if it were not for the
efforts of NGOs
85%
72% 71% 70% 68% 68% 67%
63% 62% 61%
56% 56%
ARGENTINA
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
KENYA
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q40: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 44LEVEL OF TRUST IN INSTITUTIONS
TO PROVIDE RIGHT LEVEL / TYPE OF
HUMANITARIAN AID TO HELP ADDRESS
THE GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS
International community 50%
International not-for-profit organizations 48%
Developed countries 44%
Local/grassroot not-for-profit organizations 41%
Countries to which refugees flee 39%
Regional organization of countries 35%
My government 35%
Faith-based organizations 33%
Individual people like me 30%
Multinational businesses/ corporations 28%
The media 25%
Developing countries 23%
Countries from which refugees flee 15%
Q37: How much do you trust the following groups to provide the right level/type of humanitarian aid to help address
the global refugee crisis? 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844 45INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL NGOS
ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR
KEY STRENGTHS
LOCAL International
NGOs
NGOs are more
are more effective at
effective at
Local / grassroot NGOs are more Local / grassroot NGOs and international Local / grassroot NGOs are less
effective than international NGOs NGOs are as effective effective than international NGOs
Take an active role on the ground
for refugees 40% 35% 25%
Help people most in need 38% 40% 22%
Make a real difference to those
who need it most 36% 39% 25%
Make best use of funding to solve
a refugee crisis 27% 39% 34%
Identify people/countries most in need 28% 36% 36%
Raise awareness of a refugee crisis 24% 43% 33%
Convince leaders to act independently
from political interests 21% 37% 42%
Get politicians to allow humanitarian
aid across borders without opposition 21% 36% 43%
Raise funds to help address a refugee crisis 21% 41% 38%
Put into action long term solutions
to a refugee crisis 18% 39% 43%
Influence the international community 15% 33% 52%
Q39: Who do you think is best placed to do the following? (Local/grassroot NGOs are more effective than international NGOs;
local/grassroot NGOs are less effective than international NGOs; local/grassroot NGOs and international NGOs are as effective) 46
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=9908PARTNERSHIPS ARE CRITICAL
76%
agree that for NGOs to have
74%
agree that that NGOs and
a real impact, they need to governments should work together
cooperate with local people to avoid the forced migration crisis
on the ground from taking place
73%
agree that international
71%
agree that NGOs can make
organizations (e.g. United Nations) a real difference if they
should empower local, on the receive the right support from
ground humanitarian actions governments
Q40: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844 47NGOS SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT AND
ACCOUNTABLE
75%
NGOs should be held
73%
NGOs need to work
accountable and independently from
transparent about what political interests
they use funding for
59%
NGOs’ efforts are hampered
by government bureaucracy
Q40: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844 48KEY FINDING
PEOPLE FEEL COMPELLED
TO HELP AND WANT TO KNOW
HOW DONATIONS ARE BEING USED
‘‘Sometimes as a crisis peaks, you will see some action. But then, it’s
very short term, and exhausted in two-three days or two-three weeks.
These enthusiastic emotional responses just can’t be sustained; they
need to be translated to long-term policies which a government
reports to its citiznes; this never happens, frankly.
’’
Alla Bakunts
Democratic Governance Portfolio Analyst
United Nations Development Programme in Armenia
49PEOPLE FEEL MORE COMPELLED TO HELP OUT
– YEAR ON YEAR MORE HAVE DONATED
OR ARE WILLING TO DONATE IN FUTURE
Have done at least once
in the past 3 years Would do this
35% 64%
Donating goods
(e.g. clothes, food)
51% 77%
24% One-time
47%
donation
43% 64%
Raise money
13% or take part in 36%
fundraising activity
23% (e.g. sponsored run) 49%
12% Donate 29%
regularly
25% 42%
2017 2018
2017 total respondents across 12 countries = 6,466. 2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10,844
Q27: Have you done any of those in the past? Have done it in the past 3 years. 50
Q28: How likely are you to take the following actions to help manage or address the refugee crisis in the next 12 months?LIKELIHOOD TO DONATE
BY COUNTRY
ARGENTINA
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
KENYA
TOTAL
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
One-time donation 64% 69% 64% 48% 52% 73% 66% 67% 77% 65% 48% 72% 83%
Donate regularly 42% 48% 40% 30% 31% 51% 39% 51% 64% 34% 25% 45% 88%
Raise money or take part in
fundraising activity (e.g. 49% 53% 43% 42% 29% 52% 53% 66% 70% 38% 38% 49% 91%
sponsored run)
Support a charity
on social media (e.g. follow, 59% 59% 49% 50% 42% 67% 65% 77% 84% 59% 28% 70% 95%
comment, share)
Sign a petition 63% 65% 66% 61% 55% 45% 59% 74% 89% 60% 41% 64% 78%
Attend a protest, meeting or
31% 33% 27% 31% 25% 28% 37% 43% 45% 26% 9% 36% 37%
demonstration
Donating goods
77% 80% 77% 71% 70% 86% 74% 91% 94% 72% 51% 80% 95%
(e.g. clothes, food)
Offer accommodation or
29% 30% 19% 23% 20% 45% 37% 49% 40% 14% 8% 42% 73%
shelter for refugees
Volunteer in areas affected
37% 38% 26% 32% 27% 49% 35% 56% 58% 27% 12% 40% 89%
by the refugee crisis
Welcome refugees into
23% 27% 21% 17% 10% 24% 43% 42% 37% 10% 6% 23% 69%
your home
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844, USA=1000, UK=1053, France=1000, Germany=1107, Lebanon=357, Iran=334,
Armenia=1047, Argentina=1147, Russia=1290, Japan=1105, Turkey=1061, Kenya=343
Q28: How likely are you to take the following actions to help manage or address the refugee crisis in the next 12 months? 51PEOPLE’S WILLINGNESS TO HELP IS
DRIVEN BY A DESIRE TO HELP POPULATIONS
MOST AT RISK AND M A K E A D I F F E R E N C E
51% 43% 40%
WOULD TO ACT TOWARDS ISSUE IF…
FEEL MORE A HUMANITARIAN
RESPONSIBLE ISSUE …they knew it
could happen to
…they knew it affects …they knew they could them any day
children really make a difference (e.g. natural disaster)
NGOs, with their knowledge of
on-the-ground actions could be
the ones telling those stories
2018 total respondents across 12 countries=10844
Q46: How likely are you to take the following actions to help manage or address the refugee crisis in the next 12 months? 52PRIOR TO DONATING, PEOPLE ARE LOOKING
FOR INFORMATION
I want to know how my donation is being used
82% 80% 79% 79% 78% 77% 77%
76% 74% 73% 73% 70%
66%
ARGENTINA
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
TOTAL
KENYA
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
I research how the charity will use my donation
76%
70% 69% 68% 67% 67% 67%
63% 63% 62%
55% 51%
ARGENTINA
43%
GERMANY
LEBANON
ARMENIA
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
TOTAL
KENYA
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
Having reliable information about what is being done on the ground would make me more
53% responsible to act towards a humanitarian issue
48%
43% 42%
39% 39% 39% 38% 37%
35% 34%
29%
ARGENTINA
GERMANY
25%
LEBANON
ARMENIA
FRANCE
TURKEY
RUSSIA
TOTAL
KENYA
JAPAN
IRAN
USA
UK
Q45: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about donating time, money, clothes etc. to a humanitarian cause? 53
Q46: How likely are you to take the following actions to help manage or address the refugee crisis in the next 12 months?www.auroraprize.com
www.auroraprizemedia.com
Info@auroraprize.com
AuroraMediaEnquiries@edelman.com
2 0 1 8 AU RO R A H U M A N I TA R I A N I N D E XGratitude in Action is the concept that drives the Aurora Humanitarian
Initiative. The countless survivors around the world who owe their
chance at life to the generosity of others can best acknowledge such
benevolence by taking similar action. This is Gratitude in Action.
The Aurora Humanitarian Initiative Co-Founders created Aurora as
Gratitude in Action, and they want to inspire those who have received
aid in a time of crisis to express gratitude by offering similar assistance
to someone else. By involving Aurora supporters around the world, this
will become a global endeavor that will snowball to expand the circle of
saviors and most importantly – the number of those saved.
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