MARKET INSIGHT APRIL 2019 - INLAND NAVIGATION IN EUROPE PUBLISHED IN
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MARKET INSIGHT INLAND NAVIGATION IN EUROPE PUBLISHED IN APRIL 2019
Market Insight Published in
INLAND NAVIGATION IN EUROPE April 2019
Please find all our data at:
www.inland-navigation-market.orgTABLE OF CONTENTS
01
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS
AND IN PORTS (P.5)
Transport performance in Europe (p.6)
Container transport on the Rhine – an origin-destination
analysis (p.10)
Container transport on the Rhine – share of filled
containers per country of loading (p.12)
Transport volume in main IWT countries in Europe
(p.14)
Dry bulk, liquid bulk and container transport (p.16)
Waterside transport in European ports (p.18)
02
OPERATING CONDITIONS (P.21)
IWT companies - distribution in Europe (p.22)
Water levels and vessels’ loading degrees in the Rhine
basin (p.24)
Water levels and vessels’ loading degrees in the
Danube basin (p.28)
Freight rates and bunker prices in the Rhine basin (p.31)
Freight rates and bunker prices in the Danube basin
(p.34)
Quarterly IWT turnover evolution per country in Europe
(p.35)
03
FOCUS ON ROMANIA (P.39)
Ports in Romania (p.40)
Port of Constanța and Port of Galati (p.41)
Fact sheet IWT in Romania (p.42)
IWT goods transport in Romania by segment (p.44)CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019 4 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 5
01
FREIGHT TRAFFIC
ON INLAND
WATERWAYS AND
IN PORTS
• The overall development of IWT in Europe in the third quarter of 2018
was affected by the low water period which occurred in the second half
of the year.
• In the third quarter of 2018, transport performance on European inland
waterways reached 32.1 billion TKM.
• This transport performance represented a decrease of 14.9 % compared
to the third quarter of 2017, including -27% for the traditional Rhine, -36%
for its affluents and -10% for the Danube.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
6 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE
IN EUROPE
TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE IN IWT ON THE NATIONAL
TERRITORY OF EACH COUNTRY IN EUROPE – COMPARISON
BETWEEN Q3 2017 AND Q3 2018 (TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE
IN MILLION TKM)
Source: Eurostat [iww_go_qnave], OECD, National
Statistical Offices, CCNR
positive rate of change in Q3 2018 vs Q3 2017
negative rate of change in Q3 2018 vs Q3 2017
France
>10,000 mio TKM
>1,000 mio TKM +2%
>100 mio TKM
>10 mio TKMCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 7
Netherlands Lithuania
+15%
Belgium
Poland
Germany
+23%
-7%
-26%
-13%
Czech
-21% Republic
+/-0% Slovakia
-37%
Austria
Romania
Hungary
-35% -52%
-37%
+2%
+10%
Serbia
-42% Bulgaria
+2%
Croatia
Luxembourg
SwitzerlandCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
8 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE ON THE
RHINE, RHINE AFFLUENTS*, DANUBE**, BELGIAN AND DUTCH
WATERWAYS (TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE IN MILLION TKM)
Source: Destatis, StatBel, Eurostat [iww_go_qnave], OECD, calculation CCNR
*Rhine affluents: Main, Mosel, Neckar, Saar
**Danube: Transport performance in Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia,
Romania, Bulgaria
Dutch inland waterways Traditional Rhine Danube
Belgian inland waterways Rhine affluents
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2015-1 2015-2 2015-3 2015-4 2016-1 2016-2 2016-3 2016-4 2017-1 2017-2 2017-3 2017-4 2018-1 2018-2 2018-3
• Due to the long-lasting and extreme low water situation in Europe
in summer and autumn 2018, transport fell in many parts of Europe
in Q3 2018, but there were some exceptions. On the lower Danube,
which has a share of 75 % of total Danube transport performance,
the result was higher (+2 %). On the Middle (-38 %) and Upper
Danube (-48 %), however, the decline was considerable. The lower
Danube (Romania, Bulgaria) was able to perform well because the
draught of inland vessels was not restricted by the available water
depth due to the river-sea-character of the fairway between the
port of Braila and the Black Sea. The port of Galati is located in this
river-sea-stretch (see section on ports and chapter 3).CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 9
• The total transport performance on the Dutch waterways is largely
affected by the Rhine performance (due to hinterland traffic from
the Dutch and Belgium seaports to Germany and further upstream).
The impact of low waters on the national transport performance
was less severe than for the Rhine and its IJssel branch, as the water
depth on waterways such as in the ARA region (between Antwerp,
Rotterdam and Amsterdam) acted as a stabilizer.
• On the traditional Rhine, 38.2 million tonnes were transported
in Q3 2018, representing 18 % less cargo transport compared to
Q3 2017. Container transport fell by 20 %, liquid cargo by 16 % and
dry cargo by 14 %. It must be taken into account that the Middle
and Upper Rhine, which were much more affected by low water
levels than the Lower Rhine (see also chapter 2), have a share of
42 % of the total liquid cargo transport performance1 on the
traditional Rhine and its affluents.
• Similarly, the Middle and Upper Rhine’s share within total container
transport performance on the traditional Rhine and its affluents is
49 %, a much higher deal than for dry cargo, which therefore explains
the rather strong decrease of container transport by 20 % on the
whole traditional Rhine.
• On the Main, 3.5 million tonnes were transported in Q3 2018, which
signifies 1 million tonnes less IWT (-23 %). For the year 2018 in total,
figures from the Directorate General for Waterways and Shipping
(GDWS) point to a reduction of around 20 %.
• On the Moselle, 1.73 million tonnes in Q3 2018 were registered
(1/3 less than in Q3 2017). Figures from the GDWS indicate -16.4 %
for the total year 2018.
• The Saar witnessed the strongest decrease of all Rhine tributaries.
Its traffic was cut almost by half: 0.58 million tonnes in Q3 2018
compared to 1 million tonnes in Q3 2017. GDWS figures indicate
-28 % for the total year 2018.
1
Along the Middle Rhine, large chemical industrial complexes are present.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
10 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
CONTAINER TRANSPORT ON THE RHINE
– AN ORIGIN-DESTINATION ANALYSIS
• On the traditional Rhine, 1.76 million TEU were transported in the
first three quarters of 2018. The intensity of container transport
hereby differs according to the stretches of the Rhine. The highest
intensity is on the Lower Rhine section, with 1.73 million TEU. On
the Upper Rhine, 0.67 million TEU were transported2. Where do
these containers come from and where do they go? The following
figures shed light on this topic.
CONTAINER TRANSPORT ON THE UPPER RHINE ACCORDING
TO COUNTRY OF LOADING AND UNLOADING
Source: calculation CCNR based on data from Destatis and from Port of Strasbourg,
Port of Mulhouse
Loaded in NL Loaded in DE
Loaded in BE Loaded in CH
Loaded in FR
250
200
150
1,000 TEU
100
50
0
France Switzerland Germany Belgium Netherlands
COUNTRY OF UNLOADING
2
The TEU values for the Lower and Upper Rhine cannot be summarised as this would lead to
double-counting.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 11
• It can be observed that containers are sent from German, Swiss and
French Rhine ports to the seaports in Belgium and the Netherlands.
For container transport on the Upper Rhine, Belgian seaports
receive more TEU from the hinterland than Dutch seaports. On
the Lower Rhine, the lead of Belgium is small, but still exists for
container export traffic coming from the hinterland.
CONTAINER TRANSPORT ON THE LOWER RHINE ACCORDING
TO COUNTRY OF LOADING AND UNLOADING
Source: calculation CCNR based on data from Destatis and from Port of Strasbourg,
Port of Mulhouse
Loaded in NL Loaded in DE
Loaded in BE Loaded in CH
Loaded in FR
800
700
600
500
1,000 TEU
400
300
200
100
0
France Switzerland Germany Belgium Netherlands
COUNTRY OF UNLOADING
• For the import direction (containers coming from the seaports
and going to Rhine ports in Germany, France, Switzerland), the
seaports in the Netherlands send more TEU to the hinterland than
the Belgian ports: for the Lower Rhine, there are twice as many
TEU coming from the Netherlands, and arriving in Germany, than
TEU coming from Belgium and arriving in Germany. For the Upper
Rhine, this ratio is 1.4: 1 in favour of the Netherlands (for 10 TEU
coming from Belgium, 14 come from the Netherlands).CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
12 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
CONTAINER TRANSPORT ON THE
RHINE – SHARE OF FILLED CONTAINERS
PER COUNTRY OF LOADING
• Information about the share of filled and empty containers per
country of loading is also available. For the Upper Rhine, the results
are shown in the figure below.
SHARE OF FILLED CONTAINERS ON THE UPPER RHINE
ACCORDING TO COUNTRY OF LOADING (IN %)
Source: calculation CCNR based on data from Destatis
100
80
60
40
20
0
Loaded in France Loaded in Germany Loaded in All TEUs on Upper Rhine Loaded in Loaded in Belgium
Switzerland the Netherlands
80-87%
OF ALL CONTAINERS
LOADED IN FRENCH,
GERMAN AND SWISS
UPPER RHINE PORTS ARE
FILLED WITH GOODSCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 13
• In the first three quarters of 2018, 87.2 % of the containers that were
loaded in French Rhine ports were filled with goods, and only 12.8 %
were empty. For containers loaded in German and Swiss Rhine ports,
the share of filled containers is also above the 80 % level.
• For containers loaded in the Netherlands and in Belgium, less than
one half of all containers were filled with goods. For the Upper Rhine,
on average, the ratio was 68 % for filled containers against 32 % for
empty containers.
• These different values mirror to a large extent the export of goods
from the Upper Rhine region to destinations abroad, and the import
of empty containers from abroad (back to the ports along the Upper
Rhine where they can be re-filled with goods for export purposes).
• The same calculation for the Lower Rhine indicates that the share of
filled containers remains high for France, Germany and Switzerland as
countries of loading. The share of filled containers that were loaded
in Belgium and the Netherlands is however rising.
SHARE OF FILLED CONTAINERS ON THE LOWER RHINE
ACCORDING TO COUNTRY OF LOADING (IN %)
Source: calculation CCNR based on data from Destatis
100
80
60
40
20
0
Loaded in France Loaded in Germany Loaded in All TEUs on Lower Rhine Loaded in Loaded in Belgium
Switzerland the NetherlandsCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
14 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
TRANSPORT VOLUME IN MAIN IWT
COUNTRIES IN EUROPE
INLAND SHIPPING TRANSPORT VOLUME IN MAIN EUROPEAN IWT
COUNTRIES (QUARTERLY DATA – MILLION TONNES)
Source: Eurostat [iww_go_qnave] and National Statistical Offices
Netherlands Germany Belgium France
Romania Bulgaria Austria Hungary
100
80
60
40
20
0
2015-1 2015-2 2015-3 2015-4 2016-1 2016-2 2016-3 2016-4 2017-1 2017-2 2017-3 2017-4 2018-1 2018-2 2018-3CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 15
CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
16 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
DRY BULK, LIQUID BULK AND
CONTAINER TRANSPORT
RATE OF CHANGE IN INLAND SHIPPING TRANSPORT VOLUME
(TONNES) IN FOUR MAJOR IWT COUNTRIES (Q3 2018 VS Q3 2017 - %)*
Source: CBS, Destatis, StatBel, Romanian Institute of Statistics
* In Romania, container transport is at a very low level and is therefore not depicted in the
graph. The container data for Belgium are provisional.
Dry cargo Liquid cargo Container
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
Germany Netherlands Belgium RomaniaCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 17
• In Germany, dry cargo’s share is 56 %, liquid cargo represents 25 %
and container transport 12 %. Packaged and other cargo accounts
for the remaining shares. The variations per goods segments are
the following (in Q3 2018 compared to Q3 2017): metals (-22 %),
chemicals (-16 %), coal (-8 %), iron ore (-13 %), agricultural products
(-14 %), sand & stones (-16 %). Export traffic lost 22 %. Import traffic
fell by 14 %, and national traffic by 7 %.
• In the Netherlands, dry cargo’s share is 56 %, liquid cargo represents
30 % and container transport 14 %. In Q3 2018 compared to Q3 2017,
export of dry bulk fell by 8 %, export of liquid bulk by 9 % and export
of containers by 6 %. National traffic was resilient: dry bulk traffic
increased by 4 %, liquid bulk by 2 % and container traffic by 8 %.
• In Romania, dry cargo has a share of 95.1 %, liquid cargo 4.6 % and
container transport 0.2 %. Transport activity was very robust, due
to specific natural conditions (see chapter 3). The dry cargo sector
benefitted from a 28 % increase of iron ore transport. Sands, stones
and construction materials increased by 11 %. The largest product
segment which is grain remained relatively stable (see chapter 3).3
-13%
OF IRON ORE TRANSPORT
IN Q3 2018 IN GERMANY
COMPARED TO Q3 2017
3
Based on transport volumes (in t), grain is the largest segment in Romania, while it is iron ore,
based on TKM.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
18 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
WATERSIDE TRANSPORT
IN EUROPEAN PORTS
WATERSIDE TRANSSHIPMENT VOLUME IN Q1-Q3 2017,
WATERSIDE TRANSSHIPMENT VOLUME IN Q1-Q3 2018
AND RATE OF CHANGE BETWEEN BOTH
Rotterdam
Antwerp Hamburg
+0.5%
Hannover
+4.0%
-0.4% -7.5% Berlin
-19.2%
+5.9% Duisburg
-6.6%
+0.06% Krefeld +8.2%
Liège4 Neuss -1.6%
Cologne -7.1%
Frankfurt/Main +18.3%
+8.1% Brussels Mannheim -16.5%
-1.7% Namur Ludwigshafen +32%
+12.5% Metz4 Karlsruhe
+4.4% +0.7%
Strasbourg Regensburg
Kehl +22.6% -15.6%
-17.9%
Linz
Paris -18.6%
+1.1% Mulhouse
Basel
-8.8%
4
Data for the ports of Liège and Metz include the 4 quarters of 2017 and 2018.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 19
>100 mio t
>10 mio t
>5 mio t
>2 mio t
1 mio t
positive rate of change in traffic between
Q1-Q3 2017 and Q1-Q3 2018
negative rate of change in traffic between
Q1-Q3 2017 and Q1-Q3 2018
Bratislava
-20.9%
Vienna
+4.7% Budapest
-7.2% Galati
+10.5%
Baja Tulcea +33.6%
-40%
-0.9% Macin-Turcoaia
Novi Sad Cernavoda Constanța
-6.4% Pancevo +22.8% +7.9% +0.7%
Drobeta Turnu-Severin
Belgrad -5.6%
Smederovo
-16.4% +30.8%
Source: Destatis (German ports), Danube Commission (Austrian, Slovakian and Serbian
ports), Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Hungarian ports), Romanian Institute of
Statistics (Romanian ports), and ports data (for all other ports)CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019 20 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 21
02
OPERATING
CONDITIONS
• Low waters affected vessel s’ loading degrees and cargo transport to a
different degree, depending on the regions.
• On the Upper and Middle Rhine (between Basel and Cologne), vessels’
maximum loading degrees fell to levels between 40 % and 50 %, while they
remained above 60 % for the Lower Rhine (between Cologne and Duisburg).
• Freight rates on the Rhine and the Danube rose strongly due to the decrease
of the available effective transport capacity. However, for vessels operating
in the Netherlands, where the low water period was less severe, the price
increase was very limited.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
22 OPERATING CONDITIONS
IWT COMPANIES - DISTRIBUTION IN
EUROPE
NUMBER OF IWT COMPANIES PER COUNTRY IN EUROPE
Source: Eurostat [sbs_na_1a_se_r2] for all countries, except: StatBel (Belgium),
Bundesamt für Statistik (Switzerland)
Netherlands
Belgium
67
915
201
United Kingdom 3348
Goods transport 81
Passenger transport 266
>1,000 France
>100
>50CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
OPERATING CONDITIONS 23
Estonia
65 3
Sweden
76 5 Latvia
14
396
15
Lithuania
Poland
Germany 248 240
437
658
Czech
Republic 27
65 Slovakia
15
23
10 Austria
Hungary Romania
26
90 75 51
84
6
13
Italy
115 Bulgaria
7
29
Croatia
968CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
24 OPERATING CONDITIONS
WATER LEVELS AND VESSELS’ LOADING
DEGREES IN THE RHINE BASIN
Netherlands
Germany
Rotterdam
UPPER RHINE
Duisburg
Cologne
Belgium Bonn
Koblenz MIDDLE RHINE
Kaub
Main
Oestrich
Mainz
Moselle
Mannheim
Maxau Neckar
UPPER RHINE
Main-Danube
France Strasbourg
Canal
Basel
SwitzerlandCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
OPERATING CONDITIONS 25
MAXIMUM LOADING DEGREE OF VESSELS WITH A DRAUGHT OF
3 M AT GAUGING STATIONS ALONG THE RHINE (IN %)
Source: Calculation CCNR based on data provided by the Federal German Office
of Hydraulicity
Duisburg (DE) Kaub (DE)
Oestrich (DE) Maxau (DE)
100
80
60
40
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
• The maximum loading degrees differ according to vessel type and
the location of a river. They are calculated by the CCNR on a monthly
basis, based on a formula that takes into account specific waterway
parameters and the water level data themselves5.
• According to the Kiel Institute for the World Economy6, the low water
period on the Rhine curbed the growth rate of industrial production
in Germany in Q3 2018 by 0.8 percentage points, equivalent to
1.9 billion euros. Temporary interruptions of logistical chains, notably
for the chemical industry and for container traffic, are mainly
responsible for this loss.
• The correlation between goods transport on the Rhine and water
levels/loading degrees shows that larger vessels are more vulnerable
to low water periods. This raises the question of new/updated
logistical concepts and low draught ships, including the possible
revival of smaller vessels in the future.
5
For more information on the method, see the journal “SVS aktuell” of the “Schweizerische
Vereinigung für Schifffahrt und Hafenwirtschaft” (Swiss Association for Shipping and Ports),
edition December 2018 / January 2019, pages 7-8
6
See: Ademmer, M.; Jannsen, N.; Kooths, S.; Mösle, S. (2019). Niedrigwasser bremst Produktion
(Low water slows production level), in: Wirtschaftsdienst 99 (1), 79-80CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
26 OPERATING CONDITIONS
QUARTERLY GOODS TRANSPORT ON THE RHINE AND VESSELS’
LOADING DEGREES AT KAUB/RHINE
Source: Destatis and calculation CCNR based on data provided by the Federal
German Office of Hydraulicity
Goods transport (mio. t, left axis)
Loading degree (in %, vessels with a draught of 2.5 m)
Loading degree (in %, vessels with a draught of 3.0 m)
60 120
50 100
40 80
30 60
20 40
10 20
0 0
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
VESSELS’ LOADING DEGREES
WERE MOST IMPACTED BY LOW
WATER LEVELS IN Q4 2018CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
OPERATING CONDITIONS 27CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
28 OPERATING CONDITIONS
WATER LEVELS AND VESSELS’ LOADING
DEGREES IN THE DANUBE BASIN
Frankfurt am Main
UPPER DANUBE
Nuremberg
Regensburg
Pfelling Kienstock
Slovakia
Hofkirchen
Bratislava
Germany Linz Vienna
Wildungsmauer
Budapest
Austria
Hungary MIDDLE
DANUBE
Baja
Romania
Croatia
LOWER
Belgrade DANUBE
Constanța
Ruse
Serbia
BulgariaCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
OPERATING CONDITIONS 29
MAXIMUM LOADING DEGREE OF VESSELS WITH A DRAUGHT OF
3 M AT GAUGING STATIONS ALONG THE DANUBE (IN %)
Source: Calculation CCNR based on data provided by the Federal German Office
of Hydraulicity, viadonau and the General Directorate of Water Management in
Hungary
Pfelling (DE) Hofkirchen (DE) Kienstock (AT)
Wildungsmauer (AT) Budapest (HUN) Baja (HUN)
100
80
60
40
20
0
-1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
-1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
-1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
-1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
-1
1
1
1
1
• Within the Danube basin, a relatively limited impact of low waters on
vessels’ loading degrees in Austria and Hungary can be observed.
However, a more pronounced impact on Germany is visible. This can
be explained by the fact that the German Danube is a free-flowing
river in many parts.
THE AUSTRIAN AND
HUNGARIAN DANUBE WERE
IMPACTED LESS SEVERELY
BY LOW WATERS THAN THE
GERMAN DANUBECCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
30 OPERATING CONDITIONS
QUARTERLY GOODS TRANSPORT IN HUNGARY AND VESSELS’
LOADING DEGREES IN BUDAPEST
Source: Eurostat [iww_go_qnave] and calculation CCNR based on data from
General Directorate of Water Management in Hungary
Goods transport (mio. t, left axis)
Loading degree (in %, vessels in a draught of 2.5 m)
Loading degree (in %, vessels in a draught of 3.0 m)
3 120
2.5 100
2 80
1.5 60
1 40
0.5 20
0 0
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
4
-1
2
3
• In Hungary, not only low water periods, but also ice periods (for
example in Q1 2017) and the general seasonality of Danube transports
- related to the agricultural segment - affect transport activity and
operating conditions quite strongly.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
OPERATING CONDITIONS 31
FREIGHT RATES AND BUNKER PRICES
IN THE RHINE BASIN
CBS FREIGHT RATE INDEX FOR THE NETHERLANDS, BUNKER
PRICES AND OIL IMPORT COSTS*
Source: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistik (Netherlands), CBRB and IEA
* Volume-weighted average costs, includes France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK,
Japan, Canada and USA, cost of insurance and freight included (cif)
2018-1 2018-2 Fuel price CBRB
2018-3 Crude oil import costs*
160 100 120
80 96
120
60 72
US-$/BARREL
2015=100
€/100 L
80
40 48
40 20 24
0 0
0
20 - 1
20 - 3
20 - 1
20 - 3
20 - 1
20 - 3
20 - 1
20 3
20 -1
20 - 3
20 - 1
20 - 3
20 - 1
-3
Dry bulk Dry bulk Liquid bulk Container
-
16
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
17
17
18
18
spot market contract prices
20
• The CBS conducts regular surveys among 80 Dutch IWW companies,
eight times per year. The prices include fuel and low water surcharges.
The revenue of a company determines the influence it has on the price
index. According to this index, dry bulk freight rates of companies in
the Netherlands increased strongly in Q3 2018, reflecting partly the
international traffic towards the Rhine hinterland where low water
levels were present.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
32 OPERATING CONDITIONS
• The liquid bulk part of the CBS index includes freight traffic in multiple
areas, such as the Rhine, but also shorter trips within the ARA area
(Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp) and other locations within the
Netherlands where the water level has less impact on the amount
of cargo that can be shipped. It contains spot market rates as well
as (long-term) contract rates, and the delivery of all types of liquid
bulk (chemicals, diesel, fuel oil, methanol, naphta, sunflower oil, etc.)
• The liquid bulk PJK index is a spot market index based on the transport
of oil products from the ARA region via the Rhine to destinations
in Germany, France and Switzerland. Its spot market character and
the fact that it is based purely on the ARA-Rhine trade, where water
levels had a stronger impact on the market than in the Netherlands,
explain the differences in its evolution compared to the CBS index
for liquid cargo.
PJK FREIGHT RATE INDEX FOR LIQUID CARGO FROM THE ARA
REGION TO DESTINATIONS ALONG THE RHINE - COMPARED WITH
VESSELS’ LOADING DEGREE AT MAXAU/UPPER RHINE*
Source: Calculation CCNR based on PJK International and German Federal Office
for Hydrology
* Gasoil freight rates including pilotage, harbour and canal dues
Left figure: average freight rate level, right figure: per destination
Loading degree (left axis, draught 3.0 m) Jul 18 Aug 18
Loading degree (left axis, draught 3.5 m) Sep 18 Oct 18
Freight Rate Index (2015=100) Nov 18 Dec 18
2015=100
100 500 600
80 400
300 400
60
40 200
200
20 100
0 0
0
20 5-1
20 5-4
20 -10
20 6-1
20 6-4
20 -10
20 -1
20 7-4
20 -10
20 -1
20 8-4
20 -10
-1
20 5-7
20 6-7
20 7-7
20 -7
17
18
19
18
1
1
15
1
1
16
1
17
1
18
1
1
1
20
Duisburg Dortmund Cologne Frankfurt/M Karlsruhe BaselCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
OPERATING CONDITIONS 33
• Freight rates also differ according to vessel classes. Each waterway is
limited by the dimensions of the locks and boat lifts. The Classification
of European Inland Waterways (CEMT) is a set of standards for
navigable waterways and vessel classes.
• The following figure shows that freight rates for larger vessels
increased markedly during low water periods. This is because the
supply side (loading capacity) of larger vessels is more affected
during low water periods than the supply side for smaller vessels.
• The freight rates per CEMT-class include all kinds of dry cargo and all
sailing areas in the Rhine basin. However, the smaller vessel classes
(CEMT class I & II = Vessel types Spits and Kempenaar with a cargo
capacity of up to 650 t) generally transport agricultural products on
the spot market and mainly operate on Dutch and Belgian waterways.
PANTEIA FREIGHT RATE INDEX FOR DRY CARGO TRANSPORT PER
CEMT WATERWAY CLASSES (2015=100)
Source: Panteia
CEMT class V and larger (vessels with a loading capacity > 1,500 t)
CEMT class III and IV (vessels with a loading capacity 650-1,500 t)
CEMT class I and II (vessels with a loading capacity 250-650 t)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1
1
1
1
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
-1
-1
-1
-1
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
15
16
17
18
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
34 OPERATING CONDITIONS
FREIGHT RATES AND BUNKER PRICES
IN THE DANUBE BASIN
• According to the Danube Commission, the average bunker price in
the Danube region was 710 to 735 US-$ per tonne in Q1 2018 and Q2
2018, and 755 US-$ per tonne in Q3 2018. This corresponds to 127€
to 132€ per 100 litre in the first half year, and to 136€ per 100 litre in
Q3 2018, which is well above the price level in Western Europe (see
previous page).
• There has been a strong price increase in bunker costs in recent
times: in the first nine months of 2018, the costs were 27 % above
the average level of 20177.
• Freight rates in the Danube region were pushed upwards by rising
bunker costs and by the low water levels in parts of the Danube.
Freight rates for upstream transport on the Danube (where iron
ore and coal are transported) were higher than freight rates for
downstream traffic.
FREIGHT RATE INDEX IN DANUBE SHIPPING (LEFT), AND
EVOLUTION OF BUNKER PRICES (RIGHT) IN THE DANUBE REGION
Source: Danube Commission, analysis CCNR
Upstream
Downstream
2016=100 2016=100
140 160
120 140
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20 20
0 0
2018-1 2018-2 2018-3 2017-1 2017-2 2017-3 2017-4 2018-1 2018-2 2018-3
7
Source: Danube Commission (2019), Market Observation Danube navigation, first 9 months
2018CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
OPERATING CONDITIONS 35
QUARTERLY IWT TURNOVER EVO-
LUTION PER COUNTRY IN EUROPE8
TURNOVER DEVELOPMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS AND IN
GERMANY - MAINLY GOODS TRANSPORT* (2015=100)
Source: CBS, Destatis
* For the Netherlands, the series contains turnover from total IWT, but goods
transport has a very high share of 92 %; for Germany, the series contains only
turnover from goods transport.
Netherlands
Germany
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2015-1 2015-2 2015-3 2015-4 2016-1 2016-2 2016-3 2016-4 2017-1 2017-2 2017-3 2017-4 2018-1 2018-2 2018-3
• Despite a drop of goods transport in the Netherlands and Germany,
turnover picked up. The reason was the increase in freight rates, due
to the low water levels (see previous pages).
8
Quarterly data on turnover in IWT are at present only available for very few countries, due to
statistical limitations. EUROSTAT presents data for the NACE sector H50 (water transport) which
covers maritime and IWT transport together. Based on this dataset, it is possible to identify turnover
in IWT only for countries with almost no activity in maritime shipping. For France, Germany and
the Netherlands, quarterly turnover data are provided by the national statistical offices (INSEE;
Destatis, CBS).CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
36 OPERATING CONDITIONS
• Railway and road goods transport in Germany witnessed a somewhat
flat turnover evolution during the years 2017 and 2018. But the
turnover level in Q3 2018 was 12-13 % higher than in the reference
year 2015, whereas turnover in German IWT was – despite the rise
in Q3 2018 – still 3 % lower than in 2015.
• In the Netherlands, turnover in railway goods transport in Q3 2018
exceeded the level of 2015 by 9 %. As in Germany, its evolution since
2017 has been rather flat, but on a higher overall level than in inland
shipping9.
TURNOVER DEVELOPMENT IN AUSTRIA, FRANCE AND GERMANY –
MAINLY PASSENGER TRANSPORT* (2015=100)
Source: Eurostat [sts_setu_q] for Austria, Destatis for Germany and INSEE for
France
* For Austria, the series contains turnover from total IWT, but the sector activity
is dominated by passenger transport; for Germany and France, the data contain
only turnover in passenger transport.
Germany
France
Austria
200
160
120
80
40
0
2015-1 2015-2 2015-3 2015-4 2016-1 2016-2 2016-3 2016-4 2017-1 2017-2 2017-3 2017-4 2018-1 2018-2 2018-3
9
Source: Destatis (Germany) and CBS (Netherlands)CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
OPERATING CONDITIONS 37
• Turnover of Austrian, French and German passenger shipping
companies showed the usual seasonal variations, proving that this
segment was not too severely affected by the low water levels. The
number of cruise vessels on the Upper Danube at the German-
Austrian border was 6 % higher in 2018 than in 2017.
• Passenger shipping was also not severely affected on the Middle
Danube. According to the Danube Commission, the number of cruise
vessels passing the lock at Mohacs in southern Hungary was only
3 % lower in Q3 2018 than one year previously10.
• For the interpretation of these figures, it should be said that most
of the 228 river cruise vessels active on the Danube are registered
and owned by companies in Rhine countries: 54% are registered in
Switzerland, 18% in Germany, 5% in the Netherlands and also 5% in
France. In addition, 14 % of the Danube cruise vessels are registered
in Malta. Vessels registered in Danube countries have a share of only
3 % of the cruise fleet active on the Danube.
10
Market Observation of the Danube Commission, results of the first nine months of 2018CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019 38 FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS
CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FREIGHT TRAFFIC ON INLAND WATERWAYS AND IN PORTS 39
03
FOCUS ON
ROMANIA
• Yearly goods transport performance on inland waterways in Romania
represents 8.5% of the total European inland waterway transport
performance (12,517 Million TKM in 2017).
• Behind iron ores, sand and gravel, the agricultural products are the second
largest IWT goods segment in Romania, representing 23.1% of the total
transport performance of agricultural products in the EU.
• Constanța and Galati are the 1st and 3rd largest seaports in Romania, also
registering respectively an inland waterway traffic of 3.91 and 1.65 million
tonnes in Q3 2018.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
40 FOCUS ON ROMANIA
PORTS IN ROMANIA
INLAND WATERWAY CARGO TRAFFIC IN Q1-Q3 2018 (IN MILLION
TONNES)
Source: National Institute of Statistics (Romania)
ROMANIA Galati 5.0 mio. t
Macin Tulcea 1.35 mio. t
-Turcoaia
0.60 mio. t
Cernavoda Constanța
0.68 mio. t
Drobeta Turnu-Severin 9.0 mio. t
0.83 mio. tCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FOCUS ON ROMANIA 41
PORT OF CONSTANTA AND PORT OF
GALATI
• With 29 million tonnes of maritime traffic in Q1-Q3 2018, the port of
Constanța is the largest seaport in Romania as well as in the whole
Danube region. It is very important for the export of grain and for
the import of iron ores and coal.
• The seaport of Constanța is also an important point of loading and
unloading of river transport, and the river traffic is fluctuating at
around a quarterly amount of 3 million tonnes.
• The port of Galati is a river-sea port and is also the third-largest
seaport of Romania. Its seagoing traffic amounted to 0.9 million
tonnes in Q1-Q3 2018. On the export side, metals from the local
steel industry play the largest role. As in Constanța, grain exports
from the Danube hinterland are also very important.
• Inland waterway traffic in the river-sea port of Galati has followed
an upward trend in the last years, and the dry weather has not
interrupted this trend.
INLAND WATERWAY TRAFFIC IN THE PORTS OF GALATI AND
CONSTANTA (IN MILLION TONNES)
Source: National Institute of Statistics (Romania), CCNR analysis
GALATI CONSTANTA
2.5 5
2 4
1.5 3
1 2
0.5 1
0 0
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
18 2
-3
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
18 2
-3
2013-
2013-
2013-
20 3-
2014-
2014-
20 4-
2014-
2015-
20 5-
2015-
2015-
20 6-
2016-
2016-
20 6-
2017-
20 -
20 7-
2017-
20 -
20 8-
2013-
2013-
2013-
2013-
2014-
20 4-
2014-
2014-
20 5-
2015-
2015-
20 5-
2016-
2016-
20 6-
2016-
2017-
20 7-
2017-
2017-
20 8-
2018-
7
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
20
20CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
42 FOCUS ON ROMANIA
FACT SHEET IWT IN ROMANIA
ABSOLUTE VALUE 2017 FOR ROMANIA VS SHARE IN EU TOTAL
TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE TOTAL
12,517 Mio. TKM
8.5% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE
CONTAINER
15 Mio. TKM
0.09% SHARE
IN EU TOTAL
Volume of total goods transport: 29.04 Mio. tonnes
Volume of container transport: 55,000 tonnes
GOODS SEGMENTS IN IWT
1. Ores, sands, building material: 4,748 Mio. TKM
13.3% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
2. Agricultural products: 3,883 Mio. TKM
23.1% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
3. Chemical products: 1,089 Mio. TKM
6.8% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
IWT
6.2%
IWT
17.9%
MODAL SPLIT SHARE OF
IWT - TOTAL TRANSPORT
PERFORMANCE
Notes: “Share in EU total” contains figures for the EU plus Switzerland and Serbia. # In contrast
to transport performance, for transport volume a country-specific share cannot be calculated
due to double-counting problems (cross-border transport).CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FOCUS ON ROMANIA 43
PERSONS ACTIVE NUMBER OF COMPANIES
2,028 6.5% SHARE IN EU TOTAL 1.4% 135
Goods transport: 1,706 10.6% SHARE IN EU TOTAL 1.5% Goods transport: 84
Passenger transport: 322 2.1% SHARE IN EU TOTAL 1.4% Passenger transport: 51
100
80 LEVEL OF TURNOVER
60 100 Mio. € 2.1% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
40 Goods transport: 92 Mio. € 3.6% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
20 Passenger transport: 8 Mio. € 0.5% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
0
NUMBER OF ACTIVE CARGO VESSELS
1,574 11% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
Dry cargo: 1,191
Liquid cargo: 97
Push & tug: 286
14% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
TONNAGE OF ACTIVE CARGO VESSELS
1.608 Mio. t 11.5% SHARE IN EU TOTAL
Dry cargo: 1.523 Mio. t
Liquid cargo: 0.085 Mio. t
Source: Analysis CCNR based on Eurostat data [sbs_na_1a_se_r2], [iww_go_atygo], [iww_
go_actygo], [tran_hv_frmod], [iww_eq_loadcap], [road_go_ta_tcrg], [rail_go_contwgt],
[iww_eq_age], CCNR fleet databaseCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
44 FOCUS ON ROMANIA
IWT GOODS TRANSPORT IN
ROMANIA BY SEGMENT
• The quarterly series show heavy seasonal fluctuations for IWT in
Romania, due to the harvest cycle and the winter season. In the third
quarter of a year (harvest time), the share of agricultural products
rises to 38-40 % of total IWT. The third quarter 2018 showed a
resilient transport demand, as the lower Danube region has a river-
sea-character, with large water depths, so that the dry weather in
2018 could not damage transport evolution.
QUARTERLY TRANSPORT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ON INLAND
WATERWAYS IN ROMANIA COMPARED WITH TOTAL QUARTERLY
IWT (IN MILLION TONNES)
Source: National Institute of Statistics (Romania)
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS TOTAL IWT
4 10
8
3
6
2
4
1
2
0 0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-1
-2
-3
-4
-1
-2
-3
-1
-2
-3
-4
-1
-2
-3
-4
-1
-2
-3
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
• Within international transport, Serbia and Bulgaria are the most
important trading partners for Romania, followed by Hungary.
76 % of all international traffic comes from these three countries
or goes to them.CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
FOCUS ON ROMANIA 45
COUNTRIES OF LOADING AND UNLOADING WITHIN INTERNATIONAL
IWT FOR ROMANIA (1000 TONNES)
Source: National Institute of Statistics (Romania)
* Q1-Q3 2018
Exports from Romania to this country
Imports by Romania from this country
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
Serbia Bulgaria Hungary Ukraine Austria Moldova Germany Slovakia
• The transport relations of Romania are quite intense with the middle
Danube region (Serbia, Hungary) and the lower Danube region
(Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova), but far less intense with the upper
Danube region (Slovakia, Austria, Germany).
SERBIA AND BULGARIA ARE THE
MOST IMPORTANT TRADING
PARTNERS FOR ROMANIAN IWT46 CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
GLOSSARY
20XX-1/20XX-Q1: First quarter
20XX-3/20XX-Q3: Third quarter
ARA REGION: Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp
BN: Billion
CEMT: Classification of European Inland Waterways
DANUBE COUNTRIES: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania,
Serbia, Slovakia
EU: European Union
EUROPE: European inland navigation in this report includes two
countries not belonging to European Union, Switzerland and Serbia
FREIGHT RATE: Price at which a cargo is delivered from one point
to another
IWT: Inland Waterways Transport
IWW: Inland Waterway
LOADING DEGREE: Percentage of maximum vessel loading capacity.
Calculated based on two waterways parameters (equivalent water
level and target water depth), the security margin under the keel of
the vessel and the water levels at a given gauging station
MIO: Million
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
PP: Percentage point
RHINE COUNTRIES: Belgium, France, Germany, Luxemburg,
Netherlands, Switzerland
TEU: Twenty-foot equivalent unitCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019 47
TKM: Tonne-Kilometer (unit for transport performance which represents
volume of goods transported multiplied by transport distance)
TRADITIONAL RHINE: Rhine from Basel to the border between the
Netherlands and Germany
TURNOVER: Sales volume net of sales taxes
NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICES
Acronym Original Name English Name Country
BFS Bundesamt für Statistik Federal Office for Statistics Switzerland
CBS Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek Central Statistical Office Nederland
Federal Statistical Office of
Destatis Statistisches Bundesamt Germany
Germany
Institut national de la statistique et National Institute of Statistics
INSEE France
des études économiques and Economic Studies
INSSE Institutul National de Statistica Central Statistical Office Romania
KSH/ Hungarian Central Statistical
Központi Statisztikai Hivatal Hungary
HCSO Office
Statbel Statistics Belgium Statistics Belgium Belgium48 CCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019
OTHER SOURCES
Original Name English Name Country
Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde German Federal Office for Hydrology Germany
EUROSTAT EUROSTAT EU
European Commission European Commission EU
International Energy Agency International Energy Agency World
Ports mentioned in the report Ports mentioned in the report Europe
Kieler Institut für Weltwirtschaft Kiel Institute for the World Economy Germany
General Directorate of Water
Országos Vízügyi FŐigazgatóság Hungary
Management
Panteia Panteia Netherlands
PJK International PJK International Netherlands
Schweizerische Vereinigung für Swiss Association for Shipping and
Switzerland
Schifffahrt und Hafenwirtschaft Ports
Voies Navigables de France Navigable Waterways of France France
Wasserstraßen- und
German Waterway Administration Germany
Schifffahrtsverwaltung des BundesCCNR MARKET INSIGHT - APRIL 2019 49
METHODOLOGY
Freight traffic on inland waterways and in ports
Europe as defined in chapter 1 is taking into account all European
countries providing quarterly data on inland waterway transport. All
these countries are listed on the Transport Performance in Europe map
(page with map in chapter 1).
When discrepancies on total transport performance are observed
between Eurostat and National Statistics data, the information is
notified to Eurostat and National Statistics Office data is taken into
account.
When available, NST product classification is used in order to split
transport performance on following transport segments: dry cargo,
liquid cargo, containers.
LIABILITY DISCLAIMER
Use of the knowledge, information or data contained in this document
is at the user’s own risk. The Central Commission for the Navigation of
the Rhine and its secretariat and the European Commission shall in no
way be liable for use of the knowledge, information or data contained
in this document or any ensuing consequences.
The facts presented in the study and opinions expressed are those of
the authors and do not necessarily also represent the position of the
Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine or the European
Commission and its agencies on the subject in question.
This notice does not constitute a formal commitment on the part of
those organisations referred to in the report.The Market Insight of European inland navigation is a common project of the CCNR and the European Commission CONTRIBUTORS CCNR Norbert KRIEDEL (Economist) Lucie FAHRNER (Communication officer) Laure ROUX (Project coordination) Sarah MEISSNER (Project assistant) Contact: ccnr@ccr-zkr.org IN PARTNERSHIP WITH Danube Commission Moselle Commission Sava Commission EBU ESO IVR ARTISTIC DIRECTION - PRESS-AGRUM.COM AGENCY (https://www.press-agrum.com) AND CCNR TRANSLATION Christophe HENER (French) Barbara VOLLATH-SOMMER (German) Pauline de ZINGER (Dutch) Veronica SCHAUINGER-HORNE (Proofreading English) Imprint: April 2019 Published by the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (CCNR) 2, place de la République CS10023 – 67082 STRASBOURG cedex – www.ccr-zkr.org ISSN : 2519-1101
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