ANNEX 54 - ITALY MEMBERS: DAIKIN APPLIED EUROPE SPA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF MILAN NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL UNIVERSITY OF PADUA - Heat ...

ANNEX 54 - ITALY

    MEMBERS:
     DAIKIN APPLIED EUROPE SPA
     POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF MILAN
     NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
     UNIVERSITY OF PADUA

1

STRATEGY ON LOW GWP
              REFRIGERANTS

    - SHORT TERM SOLUTION
    - LONG TERM SOLUTION

3

SHORT TERM SOLUTION

2088

                                                                R410A                 R32

          675

            *

                       Refrigerant   Displacement   Mass Flow   Delta H   Capacity   Power    EER
                       R410A             100%        100%        100%      100%      100%    100%
                       R32               100%        72.4%      151.0%     109%      106%    103%
 4

SHORT TERM SOLUTION: R-32 LINE UP

              1st                    1st                           1st

    Cooling only scroll R-32   Free cooling scroll R-32   Heat pump scroll R-32
            July 2018                                         February 2020
                                     December 2018
             shipment                                            shipment
                                        shipment

                                        +
5

SHORT TERM SOLUTION: R-32 HEAT PUMPS BENEFITS
                                    Heat pump unit:
                                          R32 gives big benefits especially at high condensing temperature, so it is
                     %CC R32 vs           recommended for heat pumps applications.
                       R410A
                                          The combinations of the R32 benefits give mainly two options with units
                             %HC R32 vs   with the same condenser:
                               R410A
                                          1.   Increase the heating capacity and the COP respect the current R410A units
                          %COP R32 vs
                                          2.   Maintain the same heating capacity and increase much more the COP respect
                            R410A
                                               the current R410A units

               R32
                       R410A

                                                          *Perfomance depends on the model design
 6

LONG TERM SOLUTION
R1234ze(E) is one of the most relevant alternatives to R134a. It can ensure
low GWP, and compliancy with regulations for the years to come, other than
ensuring perfect balance between aspects such as safety, sustainability,
efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

                                                                                 R134A

                                                                            R1234ze(E)

                                       Refrigerant   Displacement   Mass Flow   Delta H   Capacity   Power    EER
                                       R134A             100%        100%        100%      100%      100%    100%
                                       R1234ze(E)        100%        81.7%      91.8%       75%       74%    101%
7

LONG TERM SOLUTION: R1234ZE(E) HEAT PUMPS BENEFITS
The R1234ZE(E) gives the opportunity as a drop-in to have higher condensing temperature. It means that
it is possible to have hot water higher than 80°C and substitute boilers in the warm climate.

                                                             R134A        R1234ze(E)

               1 barA                                        72           85

8

LONG TERM SOLUTION: R1234ZE(E) IS A FUTURE-PROOF REFRIGERANT CHOICE
Daikin has made an important investment to develop technology that could provide the best efficiency
performance with both the R134a and R1234ze(E).
The new single screw compressor with VFD built-in solution is one of the main and most interesting
features in Daikin 3rd generation of air-cooled screw chillers.
The result of this newly developed compressor is a substantial cooling capacity extension, still keeping the
chiller unit efficient and compactness.

9

Annex 54
Heat Pump Systems with Low GWP
Refrigerants

Past and present activities - PoliMI

 Done in 2019 - 2020 (1st half)
 Experimental analysis of the use of
 R450A and R513A in a water-to-water
 heat pump in a drop-in application.

 Next steps (end 2020 – 2021)
  Experimental assessment of the use
   of R515B → Autumn.
  Experimental set-up upgrade to study
   the performance of R410A low GWP
   alternatives → Next year.

Luca Molinaroli, Politecnico di Milano    11

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS (GSHPs) CYCLES SIMULATIONS

•   PROJECT: GEO4CIVHIC – Horizon 2020
    Most Easy, Efficient and Low Cost Geothermal Systems for
    Retrofitting Civil and Historical Buildings

• SCOPE identify the most suitable alternatives to the
        present high GWP refrigerants used in geothermal
        heat pumps
• CONSTRAINT: Regulation (EU) No 517/20, 2014
• REFERENCE FLUIDS: R134a and R410A
• ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS:
    -   R513A, R515A, R515B, R516A (for R134a)
    -   R32, R454B (for R410A)

• METHODOLOGY Energetic and Exergetic analysis
• CYCLES: basic, rigenerative, interrefrigeration, cascade
• SIMULATION TOOLS: homemade simulation programs
                    developed in Matlab environment
• FUTURE WORK: extend the analysis to other fluids and
               cycles configurations

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS (GSHPs) MONITORING SYSTEM

•   PROJECT: GEO4CIVHIC – Horizon 2020
    Most Easy, Efficient and Low Cost Geothermal Systems for
    Retrofitting Civil and Historical Buildings

• SCOPE:      evaluate energetic performance of GSHPS with
              low GWP refrigerant and different control system

•   GHPSs: 2 different reversible water/glycol to water HPs
    Control system: 1 ON/OFF; 1 INVERTER
    Heat source: 3 different geothermal probes
    Heat sink: heating and SHW in a small commercial building
• REFRIGERANT: R454B
• MONITORING SYSTEM:
   33 temperature sensors
   16 pressure sensors
   2 mass flowmeters
   3 volumetric flowmeters
   6 electric energy meters
•   ACQUISITION PROGRAM: at least 12 months acquisition
                         acquisition time step: 15 s

Dipartimento di Ingegneria University of Padova
Industriale       Department of Industrial Engineering (DII)

 Research activity
• The design of a heat exchangers working with non-azeotropic mixtures poses the
  problem of how to extend the correlations developed for pure fluids.
• Condensation heat transfer coefficients have been measured with zeotropic
  mixtures R455A and R452B inside a 1 mm diameter minichannel and inside 8 mm
  diameter channel [Int. J. Refrig. 103 (2019) 77–90].

Planned activity
 • Measurement of the heat transfer coefficients
   during condensation and flow boiling inside
   smooth channels.
 • Binary and ternary mixtures available in the
   market will be investigated.
 • The database will be used to assess heat
   transfer coefficient correlations.

     IEA-HPT Annex 54 - Third Experts’ Meeting       Stefano Bortolin, Davide Del Col