FAMH2004 - Bachelor of Health Sciences Fundamentals of Health and Disease II 2018 - Wits University
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DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY MEDICINE
Bachelor of Health Sciences
Fundamentals of
Health and Disease II
FAMH2004
2018
1INTRODUCTION
Fundamental of Health and Disease (FHD) II is a compulsory, half-year course in the Bachelor of
Health Science (BHSc) degree, offered by the Department of Family Medicine. Although the
course is housed in the Department of Family Medicine, much of the content is taught by a
number of other departments and disciplines. The overall aim of FHD II is to give students a
broader overview of the fundamental concepts, discourse and application of different
disciplines in the field of health sciences with the goal of exposing students to the many
avenues within the health sciences. As there are many facets of health, there are equally many
opportunities for further study and a wide range of career options open to BHSc graduates1.
Many of the fundamental concepts that are covered in the fundamentals of health sociology
(1st year) and this course, are carried over into the 3rd year compulsory course, FHD III.
COURSE OUTLINE
FHD II consists of 7 short modules, each focusing on a particular aspect of the health sciences. A
key concept with which you should be familiar from first year, the biopsychosocial approach,
emphasizes the need to take a holistic, integrated and contextual approach to health and
health care. As such, the 7 modules in FHD II should be thought of as interrelated, even if much
of the material is presented in isolation. Health Sciences are fundamentally multidisciplinary in
nature, and it is important to think about the interrelatedness of the different disciplines.
Here is a brief overview of the 7 modules:
Module 1: Health, wellness, medicine and healing (Department of Family Medicine)
Lectures in this module will look at:
How dominant health narratives are (re)produced and maintained in the health
sciences;
How the health system is set up in South Africa;
The principles and centrality of primary health care;
The nature of patient/provider relationship and the centrality of the biopsychosocial
approach to managing a consultation;
How inequalities and disparities in health exist and are maintained;
The concept of health as a human right, and the kinds of international commitments
made in realising health as a human right;
The role of health advocacy in maintaining health as a human right.
1
It might be useful to revisit the Faculty website, which contains for information about the BHSc:
http://www.wits.ac.za/health/academic-programmes/undergraduate-programmes/bachelor-of-health-sciences-
bhsc/
2Module 2: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (Department of Family Medicine & the
School of Public Health)
Lectures in this module will look at:
Basic concepts in health promotion and disease prevention, including risks and benefits
of screening;
The history and development of health promotion, and the impact of the Ottawa
Charter;
Different levels of disease prevention and strategies for health promotion at each level;
Health promotion settings;
Patient education and theories of disease prevention;
Tobacco control and smoking cessation as an key example of disease prevention and
health promotion;
Motivational Interviewing as a technique to encourage behaviour change in the
consultation.
Module 3: Epidemiology & Statistics (School of Public Health):
Lectures in this module will look at:
The basic concepts and language of epidemiology and biostatistics;
The background and applications of epidemiology;
Types of study designs and their strengths and weaknesses;
Measures of occurrence;
The differences between risk, prevalence rate and incidence rate;
Types of data, data analysis and how data is presented.
Module 4: General Pathology (Dept. of Anatomical Pathology)
Lectures in this module will look at:
Essential terminology in pathology;
Cell injury and disease (necrosis and apoptosis), inflammation, and healing and repair;
The pathology of tuberculosis;
Disorders of growth;
Thrombosis and embolism;
Ischaemia and infarction;
Congestion and oedema;
Types of shock;
Tumours: benign and malignant;
3Module 5: Pharmacology (Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy)
Lectures in this module will look at:
The history of pharmacology and its basic principles;
Infection control;
The nervous system;
General principles of drug action and kinetics;
Drug laws, drug scheduling and prescription writing;
Drug development, drug regulations, drug safety and pharmacovigilance.
Module 6: Introduction to Infection (Department of Clinical Microbiology):
Lectures in this module will look at:
The classification of micro-organisms;
The infective process, sepsis and antisepsis;
The detection of infection;
Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms;
Infection prevention & control;
Bioethics In Infectious Diseases.
Module 7: Bioethics & Health Law (Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics)
Lectures in this module will look at:
Bioethics as a multidisciplinary enterprise including the relation between medicine, law,
philosophy and religion;
Skills and knowledge in Bioethics and Health Law with regard to patient care, specifically
the importance of principlism;
Privacy, confidentiality and informed consent;
Moral theories in bioethics, specifically the major normative ethical theories such as
Consequentialism and Deontological approaches;
The significance of the nature of persons in bioethics;
Major issues in bioethics through clear case studies, such as abortion and euthanasia.
4LOGISTICS AND TIME TABLE
The FHD II Timetable for 2018 is shown below. The hours are as follows:
Week 1:
Wednesday, January 31st: 15:00 – 17:00
Thursday, February 1st: 15:00 – 17:00
Friday, February 2nd: 15:00 – 17:00
Thereafter:
Mondays: 10:20 – 13:00
Wednesdays: 14:00 – 17:00
Fridays: 08:00 – 10:00
The venues for different sessions change often. Please check the timetable below for specific
venues:
Block 1 Time Table 2018
Day & Date Time Lecture Venue
Module 1: Week 1 – Health, wellness, medicine & mealing (Dept. of Family Medicine)
15:00 – Orientation: Introduction and overview of FHD II
16:00
Wed, 31 Jan 16:00 –
17:00 Lecture: Telling stories – dominant narratives in health SPH L1
Lecture: How are health services delivered in South Africa – The District
Thurs, 1st Feb 15:00 – Health System
17:00 LT 1
Fri, 2nd Feb 15:00 – Lecture: What is Primary Health Care (PHC)?
17:00 LT 3
Module 1: Week 2 – Health, wellness, medicine & healing (Dept. of Family Medicine)
Mon, 5th Feb 10:20 – Lecture: Disparities in health – why we need a biopsychosocial
13:00 approach to care LT 1
th
Wed, 7 Feb 14:00 –
17:00 Tutorial: International commitments to Health as a Human Right 5A08
th
Fri, 9 Feb 08:00 – Lecture: Pathways to healing – understanding the dynamics of the
10:00 consultation LT 2
Module 2: Week 3 – Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (School of Public Health)
Mon, 12th Feb 10:20 – Lecture: Understanding Health Promotion
13:00 LT 1
Wed, 14th Feb 14:00 – Lecture: Theories of Health Promotion
17:00 5A08
Fri, 16th Feb 08:00 – TEST 1 – Module 1 (8:00 – 8:45)
10:00 Tutorial: Putting Health Promotion theory into practice LT 3
5Module 2: Week 4 – Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (School of Public Health)
Mon, 19th Feb 10:20 – Lecture: Fundamentals of disease prevention
13:00 LT 1
st
Wed, 21 Feb 14:00 –
17:00 Lecture: Tobacco & Smoking – strategies for disease prevention LT 3
rd
Fri, 23 Feb 08:00 – Lecture: Patient education & motivational interviewing – how to shift
10:00 unhealthy behaviours LT 1
Module 3: Week 5 – Epidemiology and biostatistics
Mon, 26th Feb 10:20 – Lecture: Applications of Epidemiology
13:00 LT 1
Wed, 28th Feb 14:00 –
17:00 Lecture: Introduction to epidemiology and study designs LT 3
TEST 2 – Module 2 (8:00 – 8:45)
08:00 – Tutorial: Epidemiology in practice
Fri, 2nd March 10:00 LT 1
Module 3: Week 6 – Epidemiology and biostatistics
Mon, 5th March 10:20 – Lecture: Introduction to Biostatistics
13:00 LT 1
Wed, 7th March 14:00 – Lecture: Introduction to population parameters, sampling and
17:00 measures used in biostatistics LT 3
Fri, 9th March 08:00 –
10:00 Lecture: Overview of fundamental concepts in biostatistics LT 1
Module 4: Week 7 – General Pathology
10:20 – Lecture 1: Introduction
11:00
11:00 – Lecture 2: Cell injury I
Mon, 12th 11:40 LT 1
March 11:40 – Lecture 3: Cell injury II
12:20
12:20 – Lecture 4: Healing and repair
13:00
Wed, 14th 14:00 – ETHICS ALIVE STUDENT SYMPOSIUM
March 17:00
Fri, 16th March 08:00 – TEST 3 – Module 3 (08:00 – 09:00)
10:00 LT 1
TEST WEEKS: 19th – 30st MARCH (No class, No FHD 2 test)
MID TERM BREAK: 2nd – 6th APRIL
6Block 2 Time Table 2018
Day & Date Time Lecture Venue
Module 4: Week 8 – General Pathology
10:20 – Lecture 5: Inflammation
11:00
11:00 – Lecture 6: Tuberculosis
11:40
Mon, 9th April 11:40 – Lecture 7: Disorders of growth LT 1
12:20
12:20 – Lecture 8: Thrombosis and embolism
13:00
14:00 – Lecture 9: Ischaemia and infarction
14:40
14:40 – Lecture 10: Congestion and oedema LT 3
Wed, 11th April 15:20
15:20 – Lecture 11: Shock
16:00
08:00 – Lecture 12: Neoplasia
09:00
Fri, 13th April 09:00 – Lecture 13: Revision of key concepts
10:00 LT 1
Module 5: Week 9 – Pharmacology
Mon, 16th April 10:20 – Lecture: Principles of Pharmacology
13:00 Lecture: A brief history of Pharmacology LT 1
Wed, 18th April 14:00 – Lecture: Drug laws and scheduling
17:00 LT 3
Fri, 20st April 08:00 – TEST 4 – Module 4 (8:00 – 8:45)
10:00 Lecture: Infection control LT 1
Module 5: Week 10 – Pharmacology
Mon, 23rd April 10:20 – Lecture: The autonomic nervous system and pharmacology
13:00 Lecture: Treating Cardiovascular conditions LT 1
Wed, 25th April 14:00 – Lecture: CNS drugs and drugs of abuse
17:00 LT 3
Fri, 27th April 08:00– PUBLIC HOLIDAY
10:00
Module 6: Microbiology
Mon, 30th April 10:20 – Lecture 1: Man, Microbes and Maladies: Introduction to Clinical
13:00 Microbiology LT 1
Wed, 2 May
nd 14:00 –
17:00 Lecture 2: Microbes, molecules and man Bacterial Pathogenesis LT 3
Fri, 4th May 08:00 – TEST 5 – Module 5 (8:00 – 8:45)
10:00 Lecture 3: Antibiotics & Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms LT 1
7Module 6: Microbiology
Mon, 7th May 10:20 – Lecture 4: Viral zoonotic infections
13:00 LT 1
Wed, 9th May 14:00 – Lecture 5: The diagnostic cycle: what happens inside a Microbiology
17:00 laboratory LT 3
Lecture 6a: Infection prevention & control
08:00 –
Fri, 11th May 10:00 Lecture 6b: Bioethics in Infectious Diseases: Microbiology for Good
and Evil LT 1
Module 7: Bioethics and health law
10:20 – Lecture: Introduction to Bioethics and Ethical Theory
Mon, 14th May 13:00 LT 1
Wed, 16th May BHSc CAREERS DAY
Fri, 18th May 08:00 – Lecture: Privacy, Confidentiality, and Informed Consent
10:00 LT 1
Module 7: Bioethics and health law
Mon, 21st May 10:20 – Lecture: Health, Human Rights, and Vulnerabilities
13:00 LT 1
Wed, 23rd May 14:00 – Lecture: Introduction to Health Law and Human Rights
17:00 LT 3
Fri, 25th May 08:00 – TEST 6 – Module 6 (8:00 – 8:45)
10:00 Lecture: TBA LT 1
Module 7: Bioethics and health law
10:20 – Tutorial: Case Studies
Mon, 28th May 13:00 LT 1
14:00 – Lecture: TBA
Wed, 30th May 17:00 LT 3
Fri, 1st June 08:00 – Lecture: Revision & Exam Preparation
10:00 LT 1
FHD II FINAL EXAM: 11th June (9:00 – 12:00)
FHD II SUPPLEMENTARY EXAM: 12th September (9:00 – 12:00)
8ASSESSMENT
BLOCK 1
Assessment % Description Date
Test 1 7.5% Module 1 – health, wellness, medicine & Friday, 16th Feb
healing.
Test 2 7.5% Module 2 – Health Promotion & Disease Friday, 2nd March
prevention.
Assignment 1 7.5%
Test 3 7.5% Module 3 – Epidemiology & biostatistics. Friday, 16th March
BLOCK 2
Test 4 7.5% Module 4 – General Pathology. Friday, 20th April
Test 5 7.5% Module 5 – Pharmacology. Friday, 4th May
Test 6 7.5% Module 6 – Microbiology. Friday, 25th May
Assignment 2 7.5% Integrative narrative report Friday, 1st June
Final Exam 40% Final exam Monday, 11th June
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT BREAKDOWN
Type of assessment Percentage
Class Tests 45%
Assignments 15%
Class Mark 60%
Exam 40%
Total 100%
DUE PERFORMANCE (DP) REQUIREMENTS
DP requirements for FHD II are as follows:
SUB-MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
In order to qualify to write the final exam, students are required to have a sub-minimum
of 40% for their class mark. The class mark is made up of class tests (45%) and
assignments (15%).
9 CLASS TESTS
All class tests must be written. In the event that a student misses a test, supporting
documentation (e.g. a doctors note) must be submitted to course co-ordinator, and the
student’s class mark will be adjusted accordingly. Failure to submit requisite
documentation will result in ‘marked absent’ from the test (0%). There are no deferred
class tests. Students are allowed to review their papers at pre-determined consultation
times; however, students are not permitted to keep their test papers.
Each class test is based on the work of one module and will be written on a Friday
morning from 8:00 – 8:45. Students are required to be at the test venue 15 minutes
before the test. The venue for the tests is the same as for the lectures. Tests will include
multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and modified essay questions (MEQs). There are two
types of MCQs used: A-type (choose the best answer); and X-type (indicate which
statements are correct/incorrect). Tests are usually followed by a lecture or tutorial
session from 9:00 – 10:00.
ASSIGNMENTS
All assignments must be submitted. Failure to submit an assignment will result in
exclusion from writing the final exam. Should any student have difficulties with
submitting an assignment on time, they must write to the course co-ordinator to
request an extension.
EXAMS
Students are required to write the final exam, which covers all 7 modules, and counts
40% of the year mark. The exam is 3 hours long and is divided into two parts: an MCQ
section (A-type and X-type questions) and a MEQ (Modified Essay Question) section. If
students fail the final exam or fail to write the exam, they are required to write the
supplementary/deferred exam.
ASSIGNMENTS
There are two equally weighted assignments for FHD II, which build on each other. The first
assignment works to develop a personal understanding of health in relation to one’s own health
narrative, and how our narratives confirm or contradict dominant reproductions of health. It also
challenges the student to think through a set of questions about how the different fields of the health
sciences are interrelated, and how each field might offer insight into one’s personal understanding of
health and wellness. The second assignment builds on the first in that students respond to the
questions they pose in the first assignment, but reflect on the challenges and possibilities for
integration between the different fields in the health sciences through an integrated narrative report.
10Technical requirements for assignments:
Please make sure that all assignments follow the conventions stipulated below:
All assignments must be submitted online, using Sakai.
All assignments must be typed as hand written work will not be accepted.
Please use the following:
o Standard font, e.g. Times New Roman, Arial, Cambria etc.
o Font size 12.
o 1 ½ line spacing
Page numbers must be included.
A cover page must be included with your name, student number, title of assignment, and date
of submission.
All assignments must include a signed plagiarism declaration (see. Appendix 1 below).
Harvard referencing style must be used (Please consult the Harvard Reference Guide posted on
the Sakai page for FHD II).
COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
The following platforms will be used to communicate with the class:
a. The SAKAI platform: A SAKAI page has been set up for this course. It is used to ensure
access to all course handouts, lecture notes, reading materials, test results, and class
announcements. Please check the SAKAI page as well as your Wits e-mail regularly. This
course is committed to being as paperless as possible.
b. Wits e-mail: will be used for messages to individuals and also as a backup in case there
are problems with SAKAI. If students require a private consultation with course
coordinators, please request a consultation three days prior via email.
c. Class representatives/WhatsApp group: Students should field any concerns via the class
representatives, who will relay any challenges to the course co-ordinator via email or via
the co-ordinator/class rep WhatsApp group. Likewise, the course co-ordinator will ask
the class representatives to relay any changes or important information to the class via
the class WhatsApp group. The course co-ordinator will not have access to the class
WhatsApp group.
PERSONAL OR ACADEMIC CHALLENGES
Even though FHD II is a stimulating course, the 2nd year of the BHSc degree can be tough and
demanding on student’s time. This is not a course where one can take-it-easy and catch up a
11few weeks before exams. As such, you are encouraged to apply yourself from the start and
work steadily throughout the course.
Please not that there are many avenues of help available should you have problems:
1. Problems with the BHSc degree, generally e.g. timetable clashes, you can contact the
BHSc coordinator, Ms Rukeya Harris.
2. Problems relating to FHD II: you are welcome to make an appointment to meet with the
course co-ordinator to discuss any challenges which may arise in the course of your
studies. Often if a problem is managed appropriately and early enough, the impact on
your work is minimised. If you have problems relating to a specific module, you are
advised to speak to the co-coordinator of that module.
3. For other problems, for example, problems relating to studying, illness, finances, family,
accommodation, residence issues you are urged to make an appointment at the Student
Support centre. For the range of services offered see:
https://www.wits.ac.za/health/faculty-services/office-of-student-support/
CONTACT INFORMATION: GENERAL
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Dr Richard Cooke
Department of Family Medicine
Philip V Tobias Health Sciences Building
Room 433, 4th floor.
Richard.Cooke@wits.ac.za
HEAD OF DIVISION OF FAMILY MEDICINE
Prof Olufemi Omole
Department of Family Medicine
Philip V Tobias Health Sciences Building
Room 402, 4th floor.
alagbaomole@gmail.com
FHD II COURSE CO-ORDINATOR
Mr Stephen Pentz
Department of Family Medicine
Philip V Tobias Health Sciences Building
Room 410, 4th Floor.
12Tel: (011) 717-2065
pentzilvania@gmail.com
Stephen.Pentz2@wits.ac.za
BHSc ADMINISTRATOR
Ms Rukeya Harris
Undergraduate Unit for Medical Education, Office 3T12
Faculty of Health Sciences
Tel: (011) 717-2697
Rukeya.Harris@wits.ac.za
BHSc ACADEMIC CO-ORDINATOR
Ms Nabeelah Bemath
Undergraduate Unit for Medical Education, Office 3T12
Faculty of Health Sciences
Tel: (011) 717-2697
nabeelah.bemath@wits.ac.za
CONTACT INFORMATION: MODULE CO-ORDINATORS
Module 1 & 2
Mr Stephen Pentz – see above.
Module 3 – Epidemiology & Biostatistics
Prof Shan Naidoo
shan.naidoo@wits.ac.za
Administrator:
Mr Magang Molobela
Magang.Molobela@wits.ac.za
Module 4 – General Pathology
Dr Peter Swart
Room 3L03; Tel: 011 489 8535
Administrator:
Ms Shamila Dadoo
Tel: 011 717-2028
Shamila.Dadoo@nhls.ac.za
13Module 5 – Pharmacy & Pharmacology
Dr Neil Butkow
Room: 8Q14 (8th floor), Medical School
neil.butkow@wits.ac.za
Administrator:
Fatima Iqbal
fatima.iqbal@wits.ac.za
Module 6 – Infection
Prof. Adriano Duse
Room 3T11, Level 3, Wits Medical School
Administrator:
Bronwyn Maroun
bronwyn.maroun@wits.ac.za
Module 7 – Bioethics and Health Law
Dr Chris Wareham
Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics; 3rd Floor PVT
Christopher.wareham@wits.ac.za
14APPENDIX 1: Plagiarism declaration form
FAMH2004: FUNDAMENTALS OF HEALTH & DISEASE II
PLAGIARISM DECLARATION
I, ____________________________________, (Student number: ________________________)
am a student registered for the degree of _____________________________________________
in the academic year ________________.
I hereby declare the following:
- I am aware that plagiarism (the use of someone else’s work without their permission
and/or without acknowledging the original source) is wrong.
- I confirm that ALL the work submitted for the assessment for the above course is my
own unaided work except where I have explicitly indicated otherwise.
- I have followed the required conventions in referencing the thoughts and ideas of others.
- I understand that the University of the Witwatersrand may take disciplinary action against
me if there is a evidence that this is not my own unaided work or that I have failed to
acknowledge the source of the ideas or words in my writing.
- I have included, as an appendix to this assignment, a report from “Turnitin” software
indicating the level of plagiarism in my research document, where stated as a requirement
for the assignment submission.
Signature: _______________________ Date: _________________________
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