CAPACITY BUILDING WORKSHOP: BUILDING CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE IN PACIFIC SIDS - Integration Opportunities
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CAPACITY BUILDING WORKSHOP:
BUILDING CLIMATE RESILIENT
AGRICULTURE IN PACIFIC SIDS
9-11 August 2016
Tanoa Hotel, Nadi, Fiji Islands
Integration Opportunities
Salesa Nihmei I Meteorology and Climate Officer I SPREP I Samoa
Overview 1. Overview of SPREP and its Meteorology Programme/Partnerships 2. The Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) and Progress in the Pacific 3. Application of Climate Services in the region 4. Challenges and Opportunities 5. Additional Resources and Tools
1. Overview of SPREP and its Meteorology Programme/Partnerships
Introducing Secretariat of the Pacific
Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)
• Working for over 40 years in the Pacific region
• Inter-governmental organisation
– The Pacific regional agency for the environment
– Recognized as the lead agency on biodiversity, climate change, waste
management and environmental monitoring and governance in the
Pacific Region
• 26 member countries
– 21 Pacific Island countries & territories
– 5 ‘metropolitan’ states (AU, NZ, FR, USA, UK)
SPREP is fully accountable to member governments
through an annual SPREP Meeting and Ministerial Meeting
• Over 90 staff
Climate Change Division
Adaptation
Climate
Knowledge
Management Change Science and
Policy
Division
Mitigation
Pacific Met Desk Partnership
Pacific Meteorological Strategy 2012-2021 guides the priorities of the region • The PIMS has 14 Pacific Key Outcomes (PKO) that outline the main priorities highlighted by the NMSs. • The implementation of each of the PKO's are further separated into (87) Pacific National Priority Actions and (68) Pacific Regional Priority Actions Under each of the PKO's • Currently under mid-term Review
14 Pacific Priorities for NMSs
Priority 1, 2 and 3: Priority 8:
• Improved aviation, marine and public • Preservation of Historical Data
weather services Priority 9:
Priority 4: • Observations of Atmospheric
Chemistry
• Improved end-to-end Multi-Hazard
Early Warning Systems (MHEWS) Priority 10:
• Capable and effective NMSs
Priority 5:
Priority 11:
Improved EWS Flood
• Education, training and Capacity
Priority 6: development activities
• Improved Climate information and Priority 12:
prediction Services • Funding and resource mobilization
Priority 7: Priority 13:
• Enhanced infrastructure (data and • Strategic Partnerships
information services) for weather, Priority 14:
climate and water • Effective and efficient PMC (with
linkages to RA-V)
• Development of a Pacific Roadmap for Climate Services
to be more inclusive of Sectors
1. The Pacific
Meteorological Council
(PMC) Majuro-2011
Number of Participants to the PMC
100
80
60
40
20 Nadi-2013
0
PMC-1 PMC-2 PMC-3
Nuku’alofa-2015
2. Pacific Meteorological Council and the Ministerial
Meeting on Meteorology
• First Pacific Ministerial Meeting on
Meteorology (PMMM-1) held in Tonga
in July 2015.
• Endorsement of the Nuku’alofa
Ministerial Declaration on
sustainable weather and climate
services for a resilient Pacific
PMC-3 +
Partners
Regional
Ministerial
Meeting
“Note that weather and climate services are not
an option but are a responsibility and a basic human right”Working Groups to Support the PMC
• Establishment of a Pacific Island Panel
(Working group) on Aviation Services to
deal with and advise with the Climate
implementation of Aviation weather Services
Services (including looking at Quality
Management and Cost Recovery)
Education Communic
Training ations and
• Establishment of a Pacific Island Panel and Infrastructu
PMC
(Working group) on Marine and Ocean Research re
services (including coastal inundation
and tsunami)
• Formalised a Pacific Islands Panel of
Marine
Education, Training and Research Aviation
and Ocean
(including a call for a Regional Training Services
Services
Centre)
• Report from the Pacific Island Climate
Services (PICS) Panel dealing with RCC,
climate predictionPacific Islands Climate Services (PICS) Panel
• Establishment and support to
the meetings of the Pacific
Islands Climate Services
(PICS) Panel.
• NIWA (NZ) is Chair and PNG is
the Vice Chairman of the PICS
Panel
• Members include (NOAA, BoM,
NIWA, Meteo-France, SPREP,
USP, SPC, WMO RA-V, PNG,
Vanuatu, Niue, Palau, Samoa
(Water), Tonga (Agriculture)) First PICS Panel Meeting, August 2014 to
Finalise its ToR and draft its Action
• 3 meetings to date and
developed an Action Plan2. The Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) and Progress in the Pacific
Climate Database Management
System
A tool to manage, organise and store weather records
Data Digitization
PCCSP, 2012
Why are climate data important?
– To describe the climate
– To describe climate variability
– To understand climate change and its impactsData Storage
• PAPER FORMS
• CLICOM (introduced by WMO)
• SPREADSHEETS
• CLIMSOFT
• CliDE/CliDESC (still needs support)
PCCSP, SamoaGlobal Framework for Climate Services User Interface Innovative mechanism that will: • Provide ways for climate service users and providers to monitor requirements for climate services • Provide forum for dialogue to understand needs of users and capabilities of providers • Identify products and services requirements of users • Increase the literacy of climate service users • Monitor user satisfaction with the overall performance of the Framework
WMO RCC Status Worldwide
NEACC
North America Initiative
BCC
TCC
ACMAD
AGRRHYMET
CIIFEN ICPAC
Designated RCCs
Designated RCC-Networks SADC-CSC
RCCs in Demonstration Phase
RCC-Networks in Demo Phase
RCCs Proposed
RCC-Networks Proposed
Weather • Climate • Water 18Climate Services • Climate Products and Information are NOT Services unless they are used for Decision Making
Value of Seasonal Forecasting
• Seasonal Forecasting is a
potential tool to inform
community short term
adaptation actions and long-
term adaptation designWhy?
– Many Communities in the region identify climate change impacts
to the impact of extreme events and climate variability
– If communities adapt to climate extremes and variability, they will
be better prepared for long term changes in the climate
– Seasonal forecasting can inform short-term and community-
based adaptation actions while we await CCA funds to be
available for larger interventonsPMC Support for Effective Climate Services
Climate Services Training, August 2011
• Majuro 2011 workshop to
investigate organizational
structures and functions to
support robust and sustained
climate services at the regional
level (SPREP/NOAA)
• Suva 2013 convened the
Pacific Islands Climate Services
Forum (USP/NOAA)
Pacific Islands Climate Services Forum, Jan 2013Regional User-Interface Platforms for Climate
Information
• Establishment of the Pacific Islands Climate
Outlook Forum (PICOF-1) targeting the
Water Sector (SPREP, WMO, USP, SPC,…)
• Regional Climate Statement
• PICOF-2 October 2016-Nadi
PICOF -1 Hosted at USP, October 20153. Application of Climate Services in the region
Seasonal Forecasting Capability
Climate and Oceans Support Program for the Pacific (COSPPac)
SCOPIC – Statistical Forecasting Capability used in the region for over
10 years
• Online Forums for NMHSs (OCOF)
• Climate Bulletins (Red Cross)
• Developed by the BoM and now
transferred to SPREPSeasonal Forecasting Capability • New Online Climate Prediction System (CLIK℗) installed at SPREP http://clikp.sprep.org • Up to 12 Dynamical Models data available on CLIK℗ to provide advanced 3-6monthly outlooks • To reduce damages from extreme climate events through disaster risk management, • Improved monitoring and prediction of severe weather for coastal communities • Better data management and infrastructure to facilitate data collection • Improving the quality of products delivered to end-users • Develop early warning communication strategies for National Met Services.
Seasonal Forecasting Capability • Rainfall Forecast • Developed by NIWA supported by SPREP
• Water Stress (3 month outlook)
3. Finnish-Pacific Project on Reduced vulnerability of
Pacific island country’s villagers’ livelihoods to the effects
of climate change
2013-2016
Building climate and disaster ready communities through
improved National Meteorological Services
• Implemented by SPREP in collaboration with the
Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and partners:
• 14 Pacific island countries
• World Meteorological Organization
• International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent
Societies (IFRC)
• Australian Bureau of Meteorology
• Other PartnersFinland-Pacific Project on Reduced vulnerability of Pacific island country’s villagers’ livelihoods to the effects of climate change
Direct support to NMSs…
• Capacity building through technical
trainings for NMSs
• Introduction of the SmartMet weather
forecasting system to 6 NMSs (Fiji, PNG,
Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and
Vanuatu)
• Introduction of the SmartAlert warning
visualization software
• Rehabilitation of silent Regional Basic
Synoptic StationsCommunication and Partnerships to reach Communities
National
Meteorological
Services
Others Face to Community Gov..
Media
face Mobilsers Sectors
(Red Cross)
Communities (USERS)
60-80% of the Pacific PopulationClimate Information discussed in Communities
Working with CommunitiesClimate Early Warning System (CLEWS)
• Put today’s weather into the context of the past climate
record
• Understand the potential severity of future events, given
knowledge of historical conditions (including uncertainty)
• Sectoral Application of climate Services is guided by a
Policy approved by CabinetSite Location Map
15. Mt. Talu 13. Le Piu Tai
: SMD Head Office
: AWOS (Airport Weather Observation System)
14. Vaisala : AWS (Automatic Weather System)
12. Mt. Tagotala : Repeater System
31.5km
17.8km
10.5km
11. Tuasivi
15.3km 7. Faleolo International Airport
10. Mt. Valusia
1. SMD Head Office
Upolu Island
7.5km
24.5km
4.5km 2. Mt. Vaea
6. Lufilufi
5.8km
9.6km 27.3km 20.3km
9.5km 5. Le Mafa
12.0km
9. Maota Airport
Savaii Island
13.7km
8. Manono
3. Mt. Fiamoe
4. TogitogigaTOGITOGIGA (AWS)
CLEWS Climate-hydro services and early warning system
CLEWS Climate and hydrometric observations
CLEWS Live data views via web services
CLEWS CliDE climate data management system
CLEWS CliDEsc data and climate services
River stage
River stage + rain
Rainfall accumulation
Fire hazard warning
Forest Fire Weather Index – 16 Sep 15
Hydropower Management: Afulilo
Dam, Samoa
• Afulilo Hydropower Scheme is primary
renewable energy supplier in Samoa.
• Output sensitive to climate variability.
• Water balance model designed to
quantify dam level response to rainfall,
energy demand and evaporation.
• Model will predict dam volume based
on given rainfall and power output.
• Provide forewarning of dam levels in
order to make operational decisions.
• Assess the impact of ENSO phases on
dam storage levels.Linking Climate and Malaria
GOAL: Use climate information to improve
malaria control in the Solomon Islands by
providing early warning for periods of
heightened malaria incidence.
• Collaboration between COSPPac, Solomon
Islands Met. Service and Ministry of Health.
• Provide monthly or seasonal forecasts of
relative malaria incidence.
• Pilot scheme aims to provide forecasts for
Temotu, Guadalcanal and Central.
• Expansion to other provinces in 2014.
• Categorical warnings:
– low/moderate/high/extreme
– low/medium/high
• Include spatial map of warning levels in a
bulletin format for stakeholders..Summer droughts forecast in strong El Niño conditions
4. Challenges and Opportunities Integration
Capacity of the NMHSs in the Pacific • Capacity Varies from country to country
Regional Consultation on Climate Services
for Pacific Small Island States
April 2014, Rarotonga, Cook IslandsDiscussion on Agriculture and Climate
• Identify “insertion points/entry points/windows” where
climate services can be applied to support Agriculture
Activities
– El Nino and Livestock, ENSO and Alley Cropping, Flooding
and lowland farming
• lack of coverage of actual climate or rainfall monitoring
stations across the island(s)
• Currently a low uptake of climate services in the
agriculture sector - 3 month outlooks are not so useful
and rather longer term services are needed
• Training exchanges will be a must on climate services,
particularly if considering the use of extension officers
who are working directly with farmersDiscussion on Agriculture and climate • Climate information could use a number of informative tools such as maps, statistics, and that the inclusion of these in ways that make the climate information more easily understood either by the intermediate user (say the Agriculture/Fisheries researcher or extension officer) or the final user (farmer/fisherman). • The fostering of a relationship between the agriculture and NMS will take time to develop. • Being aware of the climate services available and their applications is not generally known unless agriculture researchers actively look for it, or climate services of NMS do the same (in looking for end users to their products).
Monitoring Network
Approx. 100 station records
for 23 countries and
territories (excluding the Aust.
and NZ mainland) – 2010-11
Data can be modified by
participating national
meteorological services
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/pccsp/
(data is password protected)National Platforms for discussion • Agro-Met Summits • Identify agriculture activities and how and when climate information can be applied
Effective Communication to Reach the Last Mile: A Proposed Approach through an
MoA for Agriculture
VMGD 8
1. Climate/Change
Information
2. Seasonal Forecast
Impact Database (GIS)
1. Delivery Options ENSO events
• Bulletins (soft/hard
copies
Tropical Cyclone
• Quarterly Seminar Volcanic Eruption
/workshops 1 Other observed Impacts
• Radio/TV/News paper
9
DARD (VMGD, GiZ)
2. Delivery Options
2 1. Translate Information for
Farmers
• Bulletins (soft/hard Solutions
copies 2. What to do & how to do it?
Hotspots
• Quarterly Seminar 3. Report on Impacts 3 Adaptation
/workshops
Projects
Workshops
/Seminars
Agriculture Extension Officers 4 Farmers Associations
1. Inform local farmers of probable
1. Inform members of probable
ensuing climate 5 ensuing climate
2. Introduce climate resistant crops
2. Provide reports
6 7
Commercial and Traditional Farmers
1. All Farmers informed of the expected climate and what to doProducts Developed • 3 Agro-Met Summits • Agro-met Bulletin for Farmers and NGO’s • ENSO Sector Action Booklet • ENSO Animation – Cloud Nasara • Community based Rainfall Network • Community-based Farmers Field School • Resource Materials (Animal feed, food replication) • Communication, Partnership and Engagement Strategy
Key Messaging and Communication Needs
Climate Crab: Describe ENSO in the Pacific
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIUSWEft
N4w
Climate Nasara: Describe ENSO in Vanuatu
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMthanw
iOWE• FAO • SPREP • SPC • USP • WMO • NIWA • IFAD • Vanuatu • Samoa • Tonga Project Proposal
A Practical Option for Integration of Climate and Agriculture at the National Level
Alignment of:
Regional and Global Organisations • Strategies
(e.g. WMO, FAO, SPREP, SPC, USP…) • Projects
• Funding
Specialised
MAF + Ag/Soil Team MetService + Climate
Scientists Scientists
Alignment with National Strategies
Partnership
(e.g. Sus Devt, Food Sec, DRR, Health)
Alignment with Traditional
Knowledge
Farmers, Village,
NGO Networks MAF Extension
Church, Women’s
(e.g. Red Cross) Officers
Networks
Farmers + CommunitiesUse of Existing Arrangements • Networks – Extension Services – PIRAS – PIFON – NGO’s • Type of information and products that is suitable for dissemination ? • Training needs and which level? • Institutionalization ? (Legislation, Policy, Staffing, Agreements, etc) • Harmonisation
Platforms for exchange of information/integration/
Capacity Development
Regional • PICOF – Pacific Island Climate Outlook Forum
Forums • Currently organised once a year in October
• NCOF – National Climate Outlook
National Forums
Forums • Now established in Kiribati, PNG,
Vanuatu and soon in Fiji and Tonga
Community • Entry
based field Points/ap
Schools plicationClimate Frameworks: Platforms for Integration
(from NMSs)
Global • Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)
• Pacific Implementation Roadmap for Climate Services
• how sectors can lead with the integration
Regional • Instructed by the Nuku’alofa Ministerial Declaration
• Roundtable discussion in October 16
• Pacific Island Climate Services Panel
National • National Framework for Climate Services (Vanuatu and soon Fiji)
• Climate Services are established in NMHSs to provide support5. Additional Resources and Tools
Climate Portals
• Pacific Climate Change Portal
• National Climate Change Portals
– Fiji
– Vanuatu
– Tonga
• Ocean Portal/Climate
– BoM
– NOAA
http://cosppac.bom.gov.au/products-and-
services/ocean-portal/Climate Change in the Pacific (PCCSP)
Volume 2: Climate Change
Volume 1: Climate Change
in the South Pacific:
in the South Pacific:
Scientific Assessment and
Country Reports
new ResearchOther Tools
•http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/tracks/
www.pacificclimatechangescience.org/animations/climatecrab/
https://www.niwa.co.nz/climate/icuClimate Futures Tool
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14 PICT are able to assess climate
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