CURRENT AFFAIRS APRIL 2019 - PART-1 (1 to 10) - S-IAS Success Academy
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CURRENT
AFFAIRS
APRIL 2019
PART-1
(1 to 10)
www.siassuccessacademy.com
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 1
INDEX 4.2. WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2019:
MONITORING HEALTH FOR THE SDGs
4.3. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
1. History & Culture
4.4. LIFESTYLE DISEASES
1.1. KAILASH MANASAROVAR YATRA 2019 4.5. EAT-LANCET COMMISSION'S REPORT IN
1.2. BATTLE OF KANGLA TONGBI INDIA- FOOD PLANET HEALTH
1.3. BAUHAUS 4.6. GLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES 2019
1.4. ALLA RAKHA QURESHI 4.7. CORONARY STENTS
1.5. JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE 4.8. H5N1
(AMRITSAR MASSACRE) 4.9. C-SECTION
1.6. DOMKHAR ROCK ART SANCTUARY
1.7. KONYAK DANCE 5. Science & Tech
1.8. UGADI
1.9. AMARNATH 5.1. DATA LOCALISATION
1.10. KARTIK RATH 5.2. COLD PLASMA
5.3. SOCIAL MEDIA AND INDIA
2. Polity & Governance 5.4. TikTok (Douyin)
5.5. PLATFORM SERVICES
2.1. MEDIA AND ELECTIONS
5.6. ATAL RANKING OF INSTITUTIONS ON
2.2. CENTRAL BOARD OF FILM CERTIFICATION
INNOVATION ACHIEVEMENTS (ARIIA)
2.3. SERVICE VOTERS
5.7. CANDIDA AURIS
2.3. SEDITION
5.8. SYDNEY BRENNER
2.4. SECTION 498A OF IPC
5.9. CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS
5.10. HAYABUSA2
3. Environment & Ecology 5.11. 'DEATH SWITCH' MECHANISM IN PLANTS
5.12. DARK MATTER
3.1. COMMITTEE ON YAMUNA FLOODPLAIN 5.13. SPACE DEBRIS
EROSION IN SONIPAT 5.14. CENTRE FOR CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR
3.2. HABROCESTUM LONGISPINUM BIOLOGY (CCMB)
3.3. CORALS OFF LORD HOWE ISLAND 5.15. DIGITAL MORPHING WING
3.4. STATE OF GLOBAL AIR REPORT 2019 5.16. ‘MUSHROOMS’ ON MARS?
3.5. 5G 5.17. PSLV-C45/ EMISAT
3.6. THE STATE OF THE GLOBAL CLIMATE IN 2018
3.7. BHARAT STAGE VI
3.8. JERZEGO SUNILLIMAYE 6. Economy
3.9. SALT PAN 6.1. WORLD BANK'S MIGRATION AND
3.10. HEAT WAVE DEVELOPMENT BRIEF
6.2. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION (IFC)
4. Health 6.3. HIGH-POWERED COMMITTEE ON
EXPLORATION
4.1. WORLD HOMEOPATHY DAY
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 2
6.4. GUIDELINES FOR CURRENCY CHESTS 7.5. CHANDER SHEKHAR TRIBUNAL
6.5. SMALL FINANCE BANKS 8. International
6.6. INDIABULLS LAKSHMI VILAS BANK
6.7. FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 8.1. UN PEACEKEEPING
6.8. FAME II 8.2. GENOCIDE
8.3. NEELAKURINJI
6.9. DAVID MALPASS
8.4. H-1B VISA
6.10. SERIOUS FRAUD INVESTIGATION OFFICE
8.5. ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY GUARDS CORP
(SFIO)
8.6. MALDIVES ELECTION
6.11. COMMODITY DERIVATIVES ADVISORY
8.7. ZAYED MEDAL
COMMITTEE (CDAC)
8.8. BRUNEI’S SHARIA LAW
6.12. LIQUIDITY COVERAGE RATIO (LCR) 8.9. INDIA-AFRICA INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE
6.13. MONETARY POLICY STATEMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (IAIARD)
6.14. ADVANCE PRICING AGREEMENT (APAs) 8.10. AUSINDEX-19
6.15. NuGen MOBILITY SUMMIT 2019 8.11. REIWA
6.16. GRIDTECH 2019 8.12. ZUZANA CAPUTOVA
6.17. PURCHASING MANAGERS INDEX (PMI)
6.18. FEBRUARY 12 CIRCULAR ON STRESSED 9 .Awards and Recognitions
ASSETS
6.19. MOIL LIMITED 9.1. MAHARSHI BADRAYAN VYAS SAMMAN
6.20. SELF REGULATORY ORGANISATION (SRO) 9.2. JOHN DIRKS CANADA GAIRDNER GLOBAL
6.21. 20th LIVESTOCK CENSUS HEALTH AWARD
6.22. RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES (REC)
6.23. PAN-AADHAAR LINKAGE 10. Sports
6.24. WAGE RATE UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI
10.1. PRAFUL PATEL
NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT
10.2. MANKAD AND ETHICS
GUARANTEE ACT (MGNREGA)
6.25. NIRF INDIA RANKINGS – 2019
11. Places in News
11.1. BARAMULLA-UDHAMPUR NATIONAL
7. Defence & Security HIGHWAY
7.1. DHANUSH 11.2. ROING
7.2. THE SHARING OF ABHORRENT
VIOLENT MATERIAL BILL
7.3. ROMEO SEAHAWK
7.4. DISTURBED AREA (AFSPA)
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 3
1. History & Culture Route 1 is through Lipulekh Pass,
Uttarakhand.
1.1. KAILASH MANASAROVAR YATRA
2019 Route 2 is through Nathu La Pass, Sikkim.
Registration for Kailash Manasarovar
Funding: Ministry of External Affairs does
Yatra 2019 has begun. The last date for
not provide any subsidy or financial assistance
registration is the 9th of May.
to Yatris.
Eligibility: An Indian citizen, holding a valid
Indian passport, aged minimum 18 years and
maximum 70 years as on 1st January of the
year, is eligible to apply for the Yatra. Those
who hold foreign nationalities are not
eligible. OCI card holders are, therefore,
ineligible.
Religious significance: Kailash
About:
Manasarovar Yatra (KMY) is known for its
Organized by:
religious value and cultural significance. Being
Kailash Manasarovar Yatra 2019 is being
significant to Hindus as the abode of Lord
organized by Ministry of External Affairs with
Shiva, it holds religious importance also for the
the support of the state governments of
Jains and the Buddhists.
Uttarakhand, Delhi, and Sikkim; and the
cooperation of Indo Tibetan Border Police
Important Facts:
(ITBP).
Mount Kailash?
Routes:
Kailash Manasarovar Yatra 2019 is scheduled
Mount Kailash is a 6,638 m high peak in the
from 8th June to 8th September this year
Kailash Range (Gangdise Mountains), which
through two routes.
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 4forms part of the Transhimalaya in the Tibet the night of 6/7 April 1944.
Autonomous Region of China.
Battle detail: During the Second World War
The mountain is located near Lake (1942-1945) when the Japanese forces were
Manasarovar and Lake Rakshastal, close to the trying to open their line of communication to
source of some of the longest Asian rivers: the Kohima, a detachment of the 221 Advance
Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra, and Ordnance Depot (AOD) put a stiff resistance
Karnali/Ghaghara. stalling the advance of Japanese forces till
reinforcement arrived and turned the tide
against the Japanese.
Source : The Hindu
Source: PIB
1.2. BATTLE OF KANGLA TONGBI
1.3. BAUHAUS
The Platinum Jubilee of the Battle of
Kangla Tongbi War was commemorated Several events are planned around the
on 07 Apr 2019 by Army Ordnance Corps world in 2019 to celebrate the centenary
at Kangla Tongbi War Memorial near of the founding of Bauhaus.
Imphal.
About:
Name: The Staatliches Bauhaus is commonly
About:
known as the Bauhaus. The German term
Name: The Battle of Kanglatongbi also known
Bauhaus—literally means "building house"
as Battle of Lion Box is considered one of the
fiercest battles of World War II.
What is it? It was a German art school
operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined
Opponents: The battle was fought between
crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the
the Axis (Japanese) Force and Allied Force on
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 5approach to design that it publicized and Source: The Hindu
taught.
1.4. ALLA RAKHA QURESHI
History: The Bauhaus was founded by Walter
This month, Cultural organizations will
Gropius in Weimar in 1919. In 1933, the school
celebrate the birth centenary of Ustad
was closed by its own leadership under
Alla Rakha, the maestro who lifted the
pressure from the Nazi regime.
tabla from the margins of Hindustani
classical music and placed it under the
Location: The school existed in following
spotlight.
three German cities, under three different
architect-directors. About:
Weimar from 1919 to 1925, Ustad Alla rakha Qureshi (1919 – 2000) was
popularly known as Alla Rakha.
Dessau from 1925 to 1932, and
Instrument played: He was an Indian tabla
Berlin from 1932 to 1933 player specialized in Hindustani Classical
music. He was a frequent accompanist of sitar
Impact: The Bauhaus revolutionized 20th player Ravi Shankar.
century architectural and aesthetic thinking
and practice. It had a profound influence upon Legacy:
subsequent developments in art, architecture, He popularised the art of tabla, playing across
graphic design, interior design, industrial the globe, elevating the status of his
design, and typography. instrument.
UNESCO world Heritage status: Bauhaus He also bridged the gap between Carnatic
and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau is music and Hindustani music by playing with
a joint World Heritage Site in Germany, both renowned Carnatic musicians and other
comprising six separate sites which are Hindustani stalwarts.
associated with the Bauhaus art school. It was
designated in 1996, initially with four sites and
in 2017 two further sites were added.
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 6Awards: Rakha was awarded the Padma Shri ordered his troops to fire at a crowd of
in 1977 and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award more than 20,000 people who had
in 1982. gathered at Jallianwala Bagh on
Family: His eldest son, Zakir Hussain is also Baisakhi day.
an accomplished tabla player.
Important Facts:
Tabla gharanas?
Tabla gharanas are different from vocal and
other instrumental gharanas and rest on three
broad principles:the technique;the style of About:
composition April 13, 2019 was day of Baisakhi.
(language/construction/phraseology of the
tabla syllable in various compositions); andthe Micheal Dyer was Lieutenant governor of
individual philosophy of the great ustads of Punjab at that time and Brigadier-General
each school of thought. Reginald Dyer, 55, was incharge of the
Amritsar city, who issued an order prohibiting
There are four gharanas of tabla — Punjab, public meetings and assemblies.
Purab (also known as the Banaras gharana),
Delhi, and Ajrara. Punjab also had offshoots or People were unaware of this new rule and
sub-gharanas like Talwandi and Naiwala. gathered peacefully at an enclosure called the
Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar for two purpose –
Celebrating Baisakhi and Protesting against
Source : Indian Express
arrests of their 2 leaders (satyapal and
1.5. JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE saiffuddin kitchew) who were arrested for
(AMRITSAR MASSACRE) demonstrating and inciting masses against
Rowlett act.
April 13, 2019 marks 100 years of
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre when
Brigadier General Reginald Dyer
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 7Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, 55, Sankaran Narain resigned his membership
commanding a regiment of 50 Gurkha and of Viceroy’s executive council.
Baluchi riflemen, got angry and ordered firing
without warning upon an unarmed crowd of Uddham Singh killed Micheal DWYER (the
over 15,000 Indians gathered at Jallianwala then Lt. Governor of Punjab later on in March
Bagh. 1940. He didn’t kill general dyer who had
already died in 1927)
According to government estimates 379 people
were killed, but according to historians, Some historians consider the episode a decisive
actually over 1,000 were killed. step towards the end of British rule in India.
Important Facts: Source : The Hindu
Aftermath?
1.6. DOMKHAR ROCK ART
SANCTUARY
The then British Government of India
formed Disorders Inquiry Committee Domkhar Rock Art Sanctuary, inspite of
(widely known as the Hunter having prehistoric 500-odd petroglyphs
Commission, named after the chairman, (Rock Art) is facing neglect by
William, Lord Hunter, former Solicitor-General Government organisations such as the
for Scotland) to inquire into the events in Archeological Survey of India, the Indira
Punjab. Gandhi National Centre for the Arts,
INTACH, and the State government.
One of the three demands in Non-
Cooperation Movement (NCM) was to
redress the wrong-doings in Jallianwala bagh.
Rabindranath Tagore withdrew his
knighthood.
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 8About: Source : The Hindu
Location: Domkhar is a tiny village located by
the banks of the Indus, 160 kilometres away
from Leh. 1.7. UGADI
The President of India, Ram Nath
History: Domkhar Rock Art Sanctuary was
Kovind greeted the nation on the eve of
established in 2012 with the efforts of Stanzin
Chaitra Sukladi, Ugadi, Gudi Padava,
Thangjuk, a farmer who has been instrumental
Cheti Chand, Navreh and Sajibu
in single-handedly protecting these rock
Cheiraoba.
carvings.
About:
Features: Yugadi (also known as Samvatsaradi or
It has 500-odd petroglyphs (Rock Art) spread ugadi): It is the New Year's Day for the people
all along the Indus with boulders etched deep of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
with prehistoric carvings of men and beasts. states in India. It is observed in these regions
on the first day of month of Chaitra (the first
The archaic scripts on these rocks are similar to month of lunar calendar).
those found among the nomadic tribes of the Gudi Padwa: Maharashtrians term celebrate
steppe region of Central Asia who lived 2,000 the festival as Gudi Padwa.
years ago. Cheti Chand: Sindhis celebrate the same day
as Cheti Chand.
They are believed to be over two millennia old. Sajibu Nongma Panba (also called
Meetei Cheiraoba or Sajibu
Neglect by government: Over the years, Cheiraoba): Manipuris also celebrate the
Stanzin Thangjuk has approached same day as Sajibu Nongma Panba.
organisations such as the Archeological Survey
of India, the Indira Gandhi National Centre for Traditionally, these festivals mark the onset of
the Arts, INTACH, and the State government, New Year and the warmer months and they
but none of them has come up any concrete reflect values of prosperity and well being.
steps for conservation.
Source : PIB
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 91.8. KONYAK DANCE welcome the spring.
Around 4,700 Konyak Naga women
In their attempt, Konyak people danced to the
came together in an attempt to set a
beats of traditional instruments and sang a
Guinness World Record for the “Largest
ceremonial song for five minutes and one
Traditional Konyak Dance”.
second.
The official declaration on the record to be
About:
announced by the Guinness authorities is
Konyak is one of the 16 Naga tribes and
expected within five days.
people of this community live mainly in the
Mon district of Nagaland.
The event was organised by the Konyak Union
with an aim to preserve the cultural heritage of
They are easily distinguishable from other
the people and also to promote tourism
Naga tribes by their pierced ears; and tattoos
which they have all over their faces, hands,
Source: Indian Express
chests, arms, and calves.
1.9. KARTIK RATH
Key festivals:
Eminent Odia theatre personality Kartik
Aoleng, a festival celebrated in the first week
Chandra Rath passed away at his
of April to welcome the spring, is the biggest
residence in Cuttack at the age of 70.
festival of the Konyaks.
Another festival, 'Lao Ong Mo', is the
traditional harvest festival celebrated in the
months of August/September.
Attempted Guinness record:
The programme was organised at Mon during
the ‘Aoleang Monyu festival’ of the Konyak
About:
tribe, held between April 1 and 3 every year to
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 10He had penned over 100 plays and directed About:
over 500 plays. He introduced pioneering Amarnath cave is considered to be one of the
innovations in Odia drama as far as direction, holiest shrines in Hinduism.
script and stagecraft is concerned.
Location: The cave is situated at an altitude of
Rath single-handedly organised one of the 3,888 m about 141 km from Srinagar in Jammu
biggest theatre festivals in the world - India and Kashmir.
Theatre Olympiad - in Cuttack for the last
two decades. The Olympiad came to become a Shiva Linga: Inside the Amarnath cave, a
prestigious feature in the world amateur stalagmite is formed due to freezing of water
theatre calendar. drops that fall from the roof of the cave on to
To popularise Odia theatre in the country, he the floor and grows up vertically from the cave
formed Utkal Yuva Sanskrutika Sangh in floor. It is considered to be a Shiva Linga by
Cuttack which took part in theatre fests across Hindus.
the country.
He was a recipient of prestigious awards Religious Significance:
like Kendriya Sangeet Natak Akademi According to a Hindu religious beliefs –
Award, Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi This is the place where Shiva explained the
Award and Odisha Sahitya Akademi secret of life and eternity to his divine consort,
Award. Parvati.
Source : The Hindu The Amarnath temple is one of 18 Maha Shakti
Peethas, that commemorate the location of
1.10. AMARNATH
fallen body parts of the Hindu deity Sati.
The registration for Amarnath Yatra-
2019 has begun. The 46 day long annual Amarnath yatra: The cave can be reached
yatra is scheduled to commence from only on foot or by pony, travelling 46 km from
the 1st of July and will continue till the Pahalgam or 16 km from Baltal along a steep,
15th of August. winding mountain trail. The 46 day long
annual yatra is scheduled to commence from
the 1st of July and will continue till the 15th of
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 11August. Do not promote reports which tend to promote
feelings or enmity or hatred between people on
Important Facts: the grounds of region, religion, race, caste,
community or language.
AMARNATHJI SHRINE BOARD?
The Shrine is managed by Shri Amarnathji Refrain from publishing false or critical
Shrine Board (SASB), that was constituted by statements in regard to the personal character
an Act of the Jammu & Kashmir State and conduct of any candidate to prejudice the
Legislature in 2000 with the Governor of prospects of that candidate in the elections.
Jammu and Kashmir as its ex-officio
Chairman. Do not publish unverified allegations against
any candidate or party.
Important Facts:
Source: All India Radio
Press council of India (PCI)?
2. Polity & Constitution
Origin: The Press Council of India was first
2.1. MEDIA AND ELECTIONS set up in the year 1966 by the Parliament on
the recommendations of the First Press
The Press Council of India (PCI) issued
Commission.
guidelines for the media to give objective
reports about the election and cautioned
Status: It is a statutory body functioning
it against the phenomenon of paid news.
under the Press Council Act, 1978.
Objective: Preserving the freedom of the
Guidelines issued for the newspapers
press and of maintaining and improving the
during elections:
standards of press in India.
Do not indulge in unhealthy election
campaigns, exaggerated reports about any
Function: It is a quasi-judicial authority. It
candidate or party during the elections.
adjudicates the complaints against and by the
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 12press for violation of ethics and for violation of
the freedom of the press respectively. Structure:
Funding: Chairman: The Press Council is headed by a
Chairman, who has by convention, been a
The Council is funded by the revenue collected retired judge of the Supreme Court of India.
by it as fee levied on the registered newspapers
in the country on the basis of their circulation. Members: The Council consists of 28 other
No fee is levied on newspapers with circulation members of whom
less than 5000 copies. 20 represent the press and are nominated by
the press organisations/news agencies,5
The deficit is made good by way of grant by the members are nominated from the two Houses
Central Government.
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 13© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 14of Parliament and 3 represent cultural, literary Parent body: Ministry of Information and
and legal fields as nominees of the Sahitya Broadcasting.
Academy, University Grants Commission and
the Bar Council of India. Established in: 1951.
Tenure: The members serve on the Council Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra.
for a term of three years. A retiring member
shall be eligible for re-nomination for not more Governance: The Board consists of a
than one term. Chairperson and 25 other non-official
members (all of whom are appointed by
Government of India). Prasoon Joshi is the
Source: All India Radio
present chairperson.
2.2. CENTRAL BOARD OF FILM
CERTIFICATION (CBFC) Important Facts:
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC)
Shyam Benegal panel?
has okayed unrestricted public exhibition of
PM Narendra Modi’s eponymous biopic,
clearing the way for its April 11 release. The The Committee submitted its report to the
film has been granted a ‘U’ certificate by CBFC Ministry of Information & Broadcasting in
after due procedure. 2016. Its objective was to recommend
guidelines for certification of films by CBFC.
About:
Key Recommendations of committee:
Type of body: CBFC is a statutory body which
Works in accordance with the provisions of the
The current system of suggesting modifications
Cinematograph Act, 1952, and Cinematograph
and amendments to a film by the CBFC should
(Certification) Rules, 1983.
be done away. The Board must function only as
a film certification body.
Mandate: It is the censorship and
classification body to regulate the public
CBFC should confine itself to:
exhibition of films to ensure healthy
entertainment and education to the public.
submission of an annual report to the central
government,
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 15prescribing the manner in which the records play a crucial and decisive role in cases
and accounts ofthe Board will be of close contests.
kept,reviewing the work of regional officers and
the Regional and Central Advisory
Panels, periodically review guidelines laid About:
down for certification of films, etc. Meaning: Service voter are those who have
service qualification. They include member of
In order to reduce the human interface Armed Forces of the Union of India, members
between applicants and officials of the CBFC, of Armed Police forces of the States serving
the process of application, and selection of outside that state and persons employed under
members for the Examining Committee and Government of India on posts outside India.
Revising Committee should be done through a
computerised software. Eligible Organizations: As per existing
arrangements, members of India Army, Navy
Following two categories of certification should and Air force, Boarder Road Organisation, BSF,
be further sub-divided: ITBP, Assam Rifles, NSG, CRPF, CISF and SSB
are eligible to be registered as service voters.
The UA category should be divided into two
sub-categories: UA 12+ and UA 15+. Proxy voting: A Service Voter can cast
his/her vote by proxy also.
The A category should include an A-C (films They may appoint (By applying to returning
suitable for adults only, with caution) sub- officer in Form 13 F of ECI) any person as
category, for films that may contain explicit his/her proxy to cast vote on his/her behalf in
material, such as nudity, violence, etc. his/her at the polling station.
Proxy should be a registered voter of that
Source: Times of India
constituency.
2.3. SERVICE VOTERS
Number of service voters: According to
According to Election Commission of
ECI’s data website, this year a total of
India (ECI), in the upcoming Lok Sabha
16,62,993 service voters are enrolled in the
elections, service Voters are going to
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 16country, in comparison to the figure of Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India
13,27,627 in 2014. guarantees freedom of speech and expression
to all citizens.
Distribution:
While States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and However, this freedom is subjected to certain
Rajasthan have larger number of service voters, restrictions namely, interests of the sovereignty
Uttarakhand has also got around 88,600 and integrity of India, the security of the State,
services voters. friendly relations with foreign States, public
order, decency or morality or in relation
Garhwal parliamentary constituency has to contempt of court, defamation or
maximum number of service voter among all incitement to an offence.
the five constituencies of the State, since 2004
till date. Thus, Sedition is not mentioned in
constitution.
Source: PIB
View of Indian Penal Code (IPC): Section
2.4. SEDITION
124-A of the IPC defines the offence of
Senior BJP leader Arun Jaitley criticized ‘Sedition’ –
Congress for promising to abolish the Whoever, by words (or by signs or visible
sedition law. However, senior Congress representation) attempts to bring into hatred
leader P Chidambaram argued that or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite
sedition is a colonial-era law and it is disaffection towards the Government shall be
outdated. Also, the Unlawful Activities punished with life imprisonment.
Prevention Act already covers what
comes under sedition. The word ‘disaffection’ in this section
includes disloyalty and feelings of enmity.
About: However, Comments expressing disapproval of
View of Constitution: The Constitution of the 'Government action without attempting to
India does not define the word sedition. excite disaffection, do not constitute an offense
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 17under this section.' that criminal cases can be filed and tried
only in courts within whose jurisdiction
History: the crime occurred.
Sedition was not a part of original IPC in
the 1860s and was even dropped from the
law. It was introduced in the IPC in the year About:
1870. Background: Section 498A was introduced in
the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) in the year
The first known use of Sedition law was 1983.
against Jogendra Chandra Bose, was
charged in 1891 for his criticism of the Objective: To protect a married woman
“Age of Consent Bill”. against dowry-related harassment and cruelty,
which often led to dowry deaths.
View of judiciary on sedition: In Kedar
Nath Singh’s Case, the Constitution bench of It gave a new definition to cruelty: Cruelty
the Supreme Court made it clear that allegedly can be defined as –
seditious speech and expression may be If the act done is of such a nature that the
punished only if the speech is an ‘incitement’ to woman is enticed to commit suicide or cause
‘violence’, or ‘public disorder’. an injury to herself, which may prove fatal.
This was added in the case of Shobha Rani
Source : All India Radio v. Medhukar Reddy. It was held in the case
that evidence is required to prove cruelty.
2.5. SECTION 498A OF IPC
The Supreme Court held that a woman, If the act done is to harass women or any other
who had fled the cruelty of her marital person related to her to meet unlawful
home, can file a case of dowry demands.
harassment under Section 498 IPC
against her husband and in-laws at the Punishment: Cruelty to a woman by her
place where she is currently sheltered. husband or any relative of her husband was
With this, the supreme court has relaxed made punishable for with an imprisonment for
the Section 177 of CrPC which mandates
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 18a term of three years and also with fine. Bodies involved: The nodal agency for
coordination and compliance will be the
Debate: Proponents of the law say it provides principal secretary of the Haryana Irrigation
important support to women who are and Water Resources Department.
vulnerable from abusive husbands. However,
critics of the law say it allows a woman to ask Duration: The committee would submit a
the police to arrest her husband without joint report within one month by e-mail so that
evidence or investigation, and that women have matter can be taken up before the monsoon.
abused the law in domestic disputes. The next hearing in the matter is due on May
Click to View More 24.
Source : The Hindu
Mandate: To look into the alleged erosion of
3. Environment & Ecology
Yamuna floodplain due to movement of heavy
vehicles in Haryana's Sonipat district.
3.1. COMMITTEE ON YAMUNA
FLOODPLAIN EROSION IN
Important Facts:
SONIPAT
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has National Green Tribunal?
formed a committee to look into
Yamuna floodplain erosion in Sonipat. Established in: 2010.
Status: A statutory body established under the
About: National Green Tribunal Act 2010.
Composition: The committee comprises the
principal secretary of the Haryana Irrigation Mandate: It is a specialized body for effective
and Water Resources Department, member and expeditious disposal of cases relating to
secretary of the Haryana State Pollution environmental protection and conservation of
Control Board and the director of the Mines forests and other natural resources.
and Geology Department.
Functioning:
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 19The Tribunal shall not be bound by the gave it its scientific name Habrocestum
procedure laid down under the Code of Civil longispinum (after Latin ‘longe’ meaning long
Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by and ‘spinae’ for spine).
principles of natural justice.
Genus: These spiders belong to the genus
The Tribunal should dispose applications or Habrocestum that has been recorded mostly in
appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the Eurasia and Africa and never in India, till now.
same.
Physical description: These group of
Location: New Delhi is the Principal Place of jumping spiders are predominantly brownish-
Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, black in colour with white and creamy-yellow
Kolkata and Chennai shall be the other four patches.
place of sitting of the Tribunal.
Significance of study: The study extends the
Importance: The Tribunal's dedicated range of these spiders to India. The discovery
jurisdiction in environmental matters shall also lends support to the continental drift
provide speedy environmental justice and help theory that suggests that the world’s continents
reduce the burden of litigation in the higher were one large, contiguous landmass where
courts. these creatures thrived many millions of years.
Source : All India Radio
Source : The Hindu
3.2. HABROCESTUM LONGISPINUM
3.3. CORALS OFF LORD HOWE
A group of jumping spiders that mostly ISLAND
occur in Eurasia and Africa, has been
The corals off Lord Howe Island – the
spotted for the first time in Ernakulam’s
world’s southernmost coral reef – has
Illithodu forests.
been hit by bleaching this summer, as
Australian scientists have warned that
rising sea temperatures from climate
About:
change were affecting even the most
Name: The spider has a single long spine on
isolated ecosystems.
the underside of both its first legs, and this
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 20zooxanthellae (which live within the coral
tissue).
About:
Location: Lord Howe Island is an crescent-
The zooxanthellae convert sunlight into food,
shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea
providing corals with up to 90 per cent of their
between Australia and New Zealand.
energy needs. They also give corals much of
their colour.
Administration: The Lord Howe Island
Group is part of the state of New South Wales.
Coral bleaching?
Status: UNESCO records the Lord Howe
Bleaching occurs when stressful conditions,
Island Group as a World Heritage Site of global
such as heat, cause this relationship to break
natural significance.
down, resulting in the corals expelling their
zooxanthellae. This leaves the coral tissue
Corals: Along the west coast there is a sandy
mostly transparent, revealing the coral's bright
semi-enclosed sheltered coral reef lagoon. The
white skeleton.
corals off Lord Howe Island are the world’s
southernmost coral reef.
This loss of their symbiotic algae means
bleached corals are essentially starving.
Coral bleaching: The corals off Lord Howe
Island — some 600 km offshore from Sydney —
were affected by elevated temperatures this Source : The Hindu
summer, despite escaping severe bleaching that
3.4. STATE OF GLOBAL AIR REPORT
damaged the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 and
2019
2017.
According to the State of Global Air
Important Facts: Report 2019, over 1.2 million deaths In
India in 2017 were from all air pollution.
Corals?
Corals are animals which live in a symbiotic About:
relationship with microscopic algae called
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 21The annual study titled “State of Global Air deaths from all air pollution in 2017.
2019” is conducted by Boston-headquartered
Health Effects Institute (HEI). In India, air pollution is the third-highest cause
of death among all health risks.
The data used in the State of Global Air report
are developed as part of the Institute for The South Asian region — Bangladesh, India,
Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Nepal and Pakistan — led the world as the most
(IHME) annual Global Burden of Diseases, polluted, with over 1.5 million air-pollution
Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) project. relation
Key Findings: Source : The Hindu
Life expectancy of children born today
will be shortened by 20 months on
3.5. 5G- 5th Generation
average, growing up in current high
levels of air pollution. South Korea launched the world’s first
nationwide 5G mobile networks. Until
Overall long-term exposure to outdoor and now, no mobile networks have offered
indoor air pollution contributed to nearly 5 nationwide 5G access. Three top telecom
million deaths across the world from stroke, providers—SK Telecom, KT, and LG
diabetes, heart attack, lung cancer, and chronic Uplus—began their 5G services two days
lung disease in 2017. early despite previously announcing the
launch date would be April 5.
This means that air pollution contributed to
nearly one in every 10 deaths in 2017, making it
a bigger killer than malaria, malnutrition, and About:
road accidents. 5G is the 5th generation mobile network.
China and India together were responsible for It will take much larger role than previous
over half of the total global attributable deaths, mobile network generations (1G, 2G, 3G, and
with each country facing over 1.2 million 4G)
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 221G delivered analog voice. latency down to 1ms.
2G introduced digital voice (e.g., CDMA). Working:
Like 4G LTE, 5G is also OFDM-based and will
3G brought mobile data (e.g., CDMA2000). operate based on the same mobile networking
principles.
4G LTE ushered in the era of mobile Internet.
However, the new 5G NR (New Radio) air
5G vs 4G: interface will further enhance OFDM to deliver
Supports new services: While 4G LTE a much higher degree of flexibility and
focused on delivering much faster only, 5G also scalability.
support new services such as mission-critical
communications and Internet of Things (IoT). Important Facts:
5G uses spectrum better than 4G: 5G will Orthogonal Frequency Division
also get the most out of every bit of spectrum — Multiplexing (OFDM) is a form of signal
from low bands below 1 GHz to high bands modulation that divides a high data rate
known as millimetre-wave. modulating stream placing them onto many
slowly modulated narrowband close-spaced
5G is faster than 4G: 5G will be delivering subcarriers, and in this way is less sensitive to
up to 20 Gigabits-per-second peak data rates frequency selective fading.
and 100+ Megabits-per-second average data
rates.
Source : The Hindu
5G has more capacity than 4G: 5G will 3.6. THE STATE OF THE GLOBAL
support a 100x increase in traffic capacity and CLIMATE IN 2018 (WMO)
network efficiency.
The WMO Statement on the State of the
Global Climate in 2018, its 25th
5G has lower latency than 4G: 5G has the
anniversary edition, highlights record
potential to deliver more instantaneous, real-
sea level rise, as well as exceptionally
time access: a 10x decrease in end-to-end
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 23high land and ocean temperatures over 2015–2016.
the past four years.
Displacement: Out of the 17.7 million
Key findings of the State of the Climate
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) tracked by
in 2018:
the International Organization for Migration,
Record greenhouse gas concentrations are
over 2 million people were displaced due to
driving global temperatures towards
disasters linked to weather and climate events
increasingly dangerous levels. Carbon dioxide
as of September 2018.
levels, which were at 357 parts per million kept
rising to 405 parts per million in 2017.
Important Facts:
The past four years has witnessed record sea
World Meteorological Organization
level rise and exceptionally high land and
(WMO)?
ocean temperatures .
It is the specialised agency of the United
Extreme weather has continued in early 2019,
Nations for meteorology (weather and climate),
most recently with Tropical Cyclone Idai, which
hydrology and related geophysical sciences.
caused devastating floods and tragic loss of life
in Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi.
Established in: 1950.
The physical signs and socio-economic impacts
HQ: Geneva.
of climate change are accelerating.
Hazards: In 2018, most of the natural hazards
Every year, WMO issues a “Statement on the
which affected nearly 62 million people were
State of the Global Climate”based on data
associated with extreme weather and climate
provided by National Meteorological and
events.
Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and other
national and international organizations.
Food security: In 2017, the number of
Source : All India Radio
undernourished people was estimated to have
increased to 821 million, partly due to severe 3.7. BHARAT STAGE VI
droughts associated with the strong El Niño of
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 24Supply of ultra-clean Bharat stage VI particulate matter and nitrogen oxide.
grade petrol and diesel has begun in
cities adjoining the national capital from NOx emissions from diesel cars are expected to
April 1, 2019. come down by nearly 70% and, from cars with
petrol engines, by 25%.
Bharat stage emission standards:
What are they? These are emission
Important Facts:
standards instituted by the Government of
India based on European regulations.
Timeline of Bharat stage VI fuel in
India?
Objective: To regulate the output of air
pollutants from internal combustion engine
2015: India decided to leapfrog to Bharat
equipment. The higher the fuel standard a
stage-VI emission norm compliant petrol and
vehicle complies with, the less polluting it is.
diesel from April 2020, from the Bharat stage-
IV grade at present.
Who sets them? The standards and the
timeline for implementation are set by the
April 2018: Delhi became the first city in the
Central Pollution Control Board under the
country to shift from Bharat stage-IV grade
Ministry of Environment & Forests and
petrol and diesel to Bharat stage-VI fuels.
Climate Change.
April 1, 2019: Cities in the 12 contiguous
Difference Between BS-IV AND BS-VI?
districts of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh as well
Sulphur content: The main difference is in
as the city of Agra switched over to the Bharat
the amount of sulphur in the fuel which is
stage-IV.
reduced from 50 ppm in BS IV fuel to 10 ppm
in BS VI fuel for both gasoline and diesel.
2020: Rest of the country will follow suit from
April 2020.
NOx emissions:
BS VI norms will address one of the inherent
flaws in the European emission standards Source: All India Radio
which permits diesel cars to emit more
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 253.8. JERZEGO SUNILLIMAYE Sunil Limaye?
The spider Jerzego sunillimaye is named after
Jerzego sunillimaye, a new species of Sunil Limaye, additional principal chief
jumping spider has been discovered at conservator of forest (wildlife east),
Aarey Milk Colony in Mumbai. The Maharashtra forest department who had been
findings were recently published in a involved in the conservation of urban
peer-reviewed journal, Arthropod biodiversity in Mumbai.
Selecta. Limaye was also honoured in 2018, after the
researcher named a nocturnal lizard —
About: Limaye’s Day Gecko — after him.
Jumping spider family: Source : Indian Express
It is the most diverse spider family, consisting
of 6,126 described species. In India, there are
about 256 species of jumping spiders known till 3.9. SALT PAN
date. In Mumbai, a group of enthusiasts
participated in a salt pan walk at Wadala
They can be easily recognised by their lager organised by the Asiatic Society of
anterior median eyes. They are described as Mumbai to commemorate the Wadala
diurnal hunters (hunting during the day) and satyagraha.
possess brilliant vision and swift reflexes.
Records: About:
Jerzego Sunillimaye spider is only the second Also known as? Salt flat.
species under the genus Jerzego from India.
What are they? Natural salt pans or salt flats
This is the first species under the genus whose are flat expanses of ground covered with salt
taxonomic details, mating behaviour, and egg and other minerals.
development have been documented.
Where are they found? They are found in
Important Facts: deserts.
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Page 26Examples? Large salt plains are common in Important Facts:
the Sahara Desert, the Kalahari Desert, the
Rann of Kutch, the western United States and Mumbai's Wadala salt satyagraha?
the central deserts of Australia. During Gandhi’s salt satyagraha in 1930, many
locations in Mumbai witnessed the civil
How are they formed? These are natural disobedience movement, but the satyagraha at
formations which are formed by evaporation of Wadala salt pan was the most prominent.
a water pool such as a lake or pond. Thousands of satyagrahis would gather at the
This happens in climates where the rate of Wadala salt pans and often face brutal lathi
water evaporation exceeds the rate of charge. On 6th April 1930, a group of women
precipitation. led by Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, a noted
freedom fighter, marched to Chowpatty and
If the water cannot drain into the ground, it started making salt from sea water on
remains on the surface until it evaporates, makeshift stoves or chulhas.
leaving behind minerals precipitated from the
Source : The Hindu
salt ions dissolved in the water.
3.10. HEAT WAVE
What is their appearance? Over thousands
of years, the minerals (usually salts) According to India Meteorological
accumulate on the surface. These minerals Department (IMD), Heat wave
reflect the sun's rays (through radiation) and conditions will continue to prevail in
often appear as white areas. many parts of the country including
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and in
Ecological significance: Salt pans play a isolated pockets over Haryana, Gujarat
significant role in the ecology of the and Vidarbha in coming days.
neighbouring areas. Salt pans have different
species of birds and insects thriving on them.
They have an enormous water-holding capacity About:
that helps in flood control. Meaning: A Heat Wave is a period of
abnormally high temperatures, more than the
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 27normal maximum temperature that occurs physiological strain, which could even result in
during the summer season in the North- death.
Western parts of India.
Important Facts:
Duration: Heat Waves typically occur
between March and June, and in some rare Lessons from Ahmedabad Heat Action
cases even extend till July. Plan 2015?
The city of Ahmedabad had a major heat wave
Criteria: According to the Indian in May 2010, which led to 1,344 deaths
Meteorological Department (IMD), when registered. In this background, Ahmedabad
actual maximum temperature remains 45*C or Municipal Corporation (AMC) prepared the
more irrespective of normal maximum Heat Action Plan (HAP or Plan) which aims to
temperature, heat waves should be declared. implement four key strategies:
Reasons for heat waves: Building Public Awareness and Community
Extreme weather conditions like Heat Waves in Outreach to communicate the risks of heat
summer, Cold Waves in winter and extreme waves.
rainfall when it is least expected have almost
become the norm due to climate change. Initiating an Early Warning System and Inter-
Agency Coordination to alert residents of
In India, some climatic reasons probably make predicted high and extreme temperatures.
heat waves on the east coast deadlier. In May
and June, the Bay of Bengal often Capacity Building Among Health Care
witnesses Anti-Cyclonic Circulations which Professionals so as to respond to heat-related
work towards trapping the heat in the lower illnesses.
atmosphere.
Reducing Heat Exposure and Promoting
Health Impacts: The health impacts of Heat Adaptive Measures like mapping of high-risk
Waves typically involve dehydration, heat areas of the city, increasing outreach and
cramps, heat exhaustion and/or heat stroke. communication on prevention methods, access
Heat Wave conditions can result in
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 28to potable drinking water and cooling spaces
during extreme heat days. Homeopathy?
It is an alternative medical system that was
Source : All India Radio
developed in 1796 by Samuel Hahnemann in
Germany.
4. HEALTH
The name homeopathy is derived from the
4.1. WORLD HOMEOPATHY DAY Greek words for ‘similar suffering’ referring to
the ‘like cures like’ principle of healing.
The two-day Convention on World
Homeopathy Day was inaugurated by
Its key underlying theories are as
Secretary, Ministry of AYUSH Dr.
follows:
Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha in Delhi.
Like cures like: A substance taken in small
amounts will cure the same symptoms it causes
About:
if taken in large amounts.
The World Homoeopathy Day is observed
every year on April 10, to commemorate the
Law of minimum dose: The lower the dose
birth anniversary of the founder of
of the medication, the greater its effectiveness.
Homoeopathy, Christian Fredrich Samuel
Hahnemann.
Homeopathy treats each person as a unique
individual. Treatments are “individualized” or
On the occasion, the ‘CCRH Archives on
tailored to each person—it is not uncommon
Homeopathy’ a digital repository of
for different people with the same condition to
accumulated knowledge in homeopathy, having
receive different treatments.
important homoeopathic literary material
spread all over the world was officially
Following bodies have been established
launched.
under Ministry of Ayush in India for
advancement of homeopathy:
Important Facts:
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 29Central Council for Research in About:
Homoeopathy (CCRH): It was established The World Health Statistics 2019 has been
in 1978 as a research body in the field of published by World Health Organization to
homeopathy. coincide with World Health Day on 7 April.
The Central Council of Homoeopathy: It It summarizes recent trends and levels in life
was established in 1973 to monitor higher expectancy and causes of death, and reports on
education in homeopathy. the health and health-related Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) and associated
National Institute of Homoeopathy: It is targets.
affiliated to the West Bengal University of
Health Sciences and conducts the degree The report this year focuses on primary health
course in Homoeopathy. It was established in care as the foundation of universal health
1975. coverage. For the first time, this year, WHO’s
Global Health Statistics have been
India’s first advanced Homoeopathy disaggregated by sex.
Virology lab: It was inaugurated at Dr. Anjali
Chatterjee Regional Research Institute for Key findings of report:
Homoeopathy in It will develop new drugs and Life-expectancy:
technologies in Homoeopathy. Between 2000 and 2016, global life-expectancy
Source : PIB at birth increased by 5.5 years, from 66.5 to
72.0 years.
4.2. WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS
2019: MONITORING HEALTH
Healthy life expectancy at birth - the number of
FOR THE SDGs
years one can expect to live in full health-
According to the World Health Statistics increased from 58.5 years in 2000 to 63.3 years
2019 – which is disaggregated by sex for in 2016.
the first time – Women outlive men
everywhere in the world – particularly Life expectancy remains strongly affected by
in wealthy countries. income. In low-income countries, life
expectancy is 18.1 years lower than in high-
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 30income countries. Pradesh and Rajasthan still use solid
fuels for cooking.
Men and women comparison:
Women outlive men everywhere in the world –
Summary of the study from the
particularly in wealthy countries. The reasons
Research Institute for Compassionate
are some biological, some influenced by
Economics (R.I.C.E):
environmental and societal factors, and some
85% of Ujjwala beneficiaries in rural Bihar,
impacted by availability of and uptake of health
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan
services.
still use solid fuels for cooking, due to
financial reasons as well as gender
Where women can access health services,
inequalities.
maternal deaths decrease, lengthening
women’s life expectancy.
The resultant indoor air pollution can harm
child development, as well as contribute to
Global suicide mortality rates were 75% higher
heart and lung disease among adults, especially
in men than in women in 2016.
the women, cooking on these chulhas.
Where men and women face the same disease,
Most of the survey respondents agreed that it
men often seek health care less than women.
was easier to cook on a gas stove, but felt
that food cooked on the chulha —
Men are much more likely to die from
especially rotis — was tastier.
preventable and treatable noncommunicable
diseases and road traffic accidents.
While 70% of respondents thought the gas,
stove was better for the health of the cook,
Source : Indian Express
more than 86% felt that cooking on the chulha
4.3. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION was better for the health of those eating,
reflecting ignorance that ambient air
A new study from the Research Institute
pollution is harmful even to those who
for Compassionate Economics (r.i.c.e)
are not cooking the food.
shows that 85% of Ujjwala beneficiaries
in rural Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 31Awareness campaigns for the Ujjwala Yojna Natural Gas through its Oil Marketing
need to move beyond benefits for women in Companies (i.e., IOC, BPCL and HPCL) and
order to change household behaviour. their distributors network.
Important Facts: Identification of
Beneficiaries: Beneficiaries are identified
PRADHAN MANTRI UJJWALA YOJNA through Socio-Economic Caste Census
(PMUY)? List-2011. If names are not covered under
SECC list, beneficiaries are identified from 7
Launched in: 2016. categories such as SC/ST households, Most
Backward Classes, Forest Dwellers etc.
Objective: Providing clean-cooking fuel to the
poor households, which are otherwise
Source : The Hindu
vulnerable to health hazards associated
with indoor air pollution. 4.4. LIFESTYLE DISEASES
According to the report, “Enhancing the
Target: Initial target was to provide 5 crore
Effectiveness and Impact of Schools:
free LPG connections to BPL households by
Insights from School Health Screening
March 31, 2019. Since the target has been
Program”, Obesity, vision and dental
achieved, the target has been revised to 8
issues are the major health problems
crores.
faced by school-going children in the age
group 2 to 17 years across India.
Coverage: PMUY is under implementation in
the all the States/UTs. The scheme was
launched with the identification from the Socio
About:
Economic and Caste Census, but was
Name of the report: Enhancing the
subsequently expanded to cover all the poor of
Effectiveness and Impact of Schools: Insights
the country.
from School Health Screening Program.
Implementation mechanism: It is
Released by: Jarma Wellness, an
implemented by Ministry of Petroleum and
organisation working in the area of healthcare
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 32consultation. Stroke (NPCDCS) under the National Health
Mission.
Sample Size: Nearly 2 lakh children
belonging to various socio-economic Under Pradhan Mantri Swasthya
backgrounds from 20 cities were assessed. Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY), 6 new AIIMS
have been set up and upgradation of identified
Key Findings of the study: medical colleges has been undertaken which
Obesity, vision and dental issues are the will also improve tertiary care facilities for
major health problems faced by school-going NCDs including Diabetes.
children in the age group 2 to 17 years across
India. 30.4% of students have abnormal BMI In collaboration with the Ministry of AYUSH,
and one in two students may need spectacles. an initiative to use the knowledge available
in AYUSH system of medicines for
An aware parent will invest more in preventive prevention and control of Non-communicable
healthcare for the child. Diseases is being implemented in 6 districts on
pilot basis.
Important Facts:
Source : The Hindu
Initiatives to deal with Lifestyle diseases
in India? 4.5. EAT-LANCET COMMISSION'S
REPORT IN INDIA- FOOD
The Government has formulated the National PLANET HEALTH
Health Policy, 2017, which also seeks to
The EAT-Lancet Commission's 'Food
reduce premature mortality from
Planet Health', was formally released for
cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or
India recently at the headquarters of the
chronic respiratory diseases.
Food Safety and Standards Authority of
India (FSSAI).
Government of India is also
implementing National Programme for
Prevention and Control of Cancer,
About:
Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 33People/bodies involved: The report is According to a report presented jointly
authored by 37 international experts, including by the European Union, the Food and
two from India, brought together by EAT, the Agriculture Organization of the United
science based global platform for food system Nations (FAO), and the UN World Food
transformation, and Lancet, one of the world's Programme (WFP), around 113 million
most prestigious medical journals. people in 53 countries experienced acute
food insecurity in 2018.
Key highlight:
The way we are producing food today is causing
increased emission of greenhouse gases, Summary on Global Report On Food
depleting fresh water supply, compromising Crises 2019:
land use, exhausting the nitrogen and Total People facing food insecurity: More
phosphorous cycle, and endangering than 113 million people across 53 countries
biodiversity. experienced acute hunger requiring urgent
food, nutrition and livelihoods assistance. This
The report, for the first time ever, proposes is a slight improvement over 2017, when 124
scientific targets for what constitutes a healthy million people in 51 countries faced acute
diet derived from a sustainable food system. hunger.
Important Facts: The worst food crises in 2018 (in order
of severity): Yemen, the Democratic Republic
The Global Alliance for Improved of the Congo, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, the Syrian
Nutrition (GAIN) is a global initiative Arab Republic, the Sudan, South Sudan and
launched by the United Nations in 2012 to northern Nigeria. These 8 countries accounted
make nutritious food more affordable. for 2/3rd of the total number of people facing
acute food insecurity.
Source: The Hindu
Worst hit region: Africa.
4.6. GLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD
CRISES 2019 Main drivers of food insecurity: Conflict
and insecurity, climate shocks and economic
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
Page 34turbulence. on the inner walls of coronary arteries. This
causes arteries to harden and narrow,
Way forward: Ending conflicts, empowering decreasing blood flow to heart.
women, nourishing and educating children,
improving rural infrastructure and reinforcing Coronary stents are small, wire, mesh tubes
social safety-nets are essential for a hunger- that help widen a clogged artery and restore
free world. adequate blood flow to the heart.
Important Facts: Working:
During the procedure, cardiologist places the
The Global Report of food crises is produced stent over a thin, long tube with a balloon tip
each year by the Global Network Against Food called a catheter and insert it into an artery in
Crises, which is made up of international groin or arm.
humanitarian and development partners.
Once the stent reaches the clogged artery,
doctor will inflate the balloon to expand the
stent.
Source: All India Radio
4.7. CORONARY STENTS When the stent reaches the desired size to
widen the clogged artery, doctor will deflate
The National Pharmaceutical Pricing
and remove the balloon.
Authority (NPPA) has approved a hike in
the price of coronary stents (bare metal
The stent will stay in place permanently to help
stents as well as of Drug eluting/
prop open the artery and decrease its chance of
biodegradable stents). Last year, the
narrowing again.
Central government slashed rates of
coronary stents by up to 85%.
Over time, the inner lining of the artery grows
over the surface of the stent, making it a
permanent part of artery.
Terminology:
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) happens
when a waxy substance called plaque builds up
© S-IAS SUCCESS ACADEMY APRIL 1-10, 2019 CURRENT AFFAIRS (PART-1)
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