CVER Biennial Report 2017 2018 - Centre for Veterinary ...
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CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018
Table of Contents
1. Message from the Director ................................................................................................................... 1
2. Partners ................................................................................................................................................. 2
2.1. Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) – by Dr. Ian Gardner .................................................. 2
2.1.1. Ocean Frontiers Institute (OFI) – by Dr. Henrik Stryhn ......................................................... 2
2.2. AVC Centre for Aquatic Health Sciences (CAHS) – by Dr. Larry Hammell ..................................... 3
2.2.1. Fish-iTrends Database Management .................................................................................... 3
2.2.2. Halibut retrospective productivity analysis .......................................................................... 3
2.2.3. Bacterial Kidney Disease Diagnostic Test Performance ........................................................ 3
2.2.4. Student Externships .............................................................................................................. 4
2.2.5. International Efforts .............................................................................................................. 4
2.3. Dairy Research Groups – By Dr. J McClure.................................................................................... 5
2.4. Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Centre (SJDAWC) – by Dr. Alice Crook....................................... 5
2.5. Shellfish Research Group (SRG) – by Dr. Jeff Davidson................................................................. 7
2.6. Smallholder Dairy Research Group (SDRG) – by Dr. John VanLeeuwen ....................................... 7
2.6.1. Mobile phone-based diagnosis and treatment in Ethiopia – by Dr. Crawford Revie ........... 9
2.7. Risk Analysis Group – by Dr. Javier Sanchez ................................................................................. 9
2.8. Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology Group – by Dr. Javier Sanchez ..................................... 10
2.9. Other Activities ........................................................................................................................... 10
2.9.1. ISVEE 2021 – by Dr. Javier Sanchez ..................................................................................... 10
2.9.2. MSHSCC – by Dr. Henrik Stryhn .......................................................................................... 11
3. New or Returning CVER Team Members ............................................................................................ 11
4. Guests ................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.1. Visiting Professors/researchers .................................................................................................. 13
4.2. Visiting Graduate Students ......................................................................................................... 14
5. Awards and Recognition ..................................................................................................................... 14
6. Graduate Program Highlights ............................................................................................................. 15
7. Outreach ............................................................................................................................................. 16
7.1. Epi on the Island 2018 ................................................................................................................. 16
7.2. Successful Start to another 4-year Dairy Project in Kenya ......................................................... 17
7.3. International Teaching ................................................................................................................ 18
8. Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications ................................................................................................... 18
9. Books/Book Chapters.......................................................................................................................... 28
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018
1. Message from the Director
CVER had very successful years again in 2017 and 2018, and I
invite you to read about the details provided in this report.
Highlights for the years were: Dr. Ian Dohoo named to the Order of
Canada by Governor General Julie Payette in 2018; Dr. Greg Keefe
appointed to the Board of Governors of the Association of American
Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC) as the At-Large Director for
Region II (Canada); Dr. Larry Hammell appointed to an independent
expert panel on aquaculture science; Dr. Javier Sanchez appointed
to an FAO/WHO Expert Panel on Microbiological Risk Assessment.
The completion of two Epi-on-the-Island summer courses,
"Introduction to Multilevel Modelling" and "Multivariate
Visualization and Analysis", in 2018, was another great success. The
participants of the two courses spanned four continents, with the
majority coming from the different parts of Canada and USA.
We also had faculty members and graduate students receiving awards for their research and
knowledge translation efforts, both near and far. We welcomed a number of new CVER members as
new faculty members, staff, graduate students and post-doctoral fellows. We also congratulated a
number of CVER graduate students who completed their degrees, and sent our best wishes with the
graduates and post-doctoral fellows who departed UPEI.
I would like to thank all CVER members for their talents and efforts to keep CVER a very strong
brand within the veterinary epidemiology world. It is because of your commitment to research
excellence and dedication to training/mentoring that we continue to be among the most successful
Veterinary Epidemiology programs worldwide. With such an extraordinary CVER team, we will continue
to grow and flourish. We hope you enjoy reading some details of our accomplishments below.
Sincerely,
Henrik Stryhn
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 1
2. Partners 2.1. Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) – by Dr. Ian Gardner The CERC in aquatic epidemiology made significant contributions to knowledge and practice in 2017 and 2018. The program welcomed several new faces with new postdoctoral fellows Dr. Jaewoon Jeong and Dr. Marina Delphino as well as MSc student João Romero. Our administrative team welcomed a new Project Manager (Dr. Vincenzo Repaci) and Administrative Assistant (Wendy Campbell-Mckinnon). The program continued to engage in collaborative research both in Canada and abroad, and one of our post- doctoral fellows, Dr. Krishna Thakur, took on a new faculty position at UPEI. In Canada, collaborative research was undertaken on both coasts with projects on the West Coast including a review of historical data on pathogens (Drs. Beibei Jia, Babafela Awosile, Marina Delphino), dissolved oxygen profiling in Atlantic Salmon sites (Babafela Awosile) and work on infectious agents in hatchery and wild Coho salmon (Drs. Omid Nekouei, Krishna Thakur) in British Columbia. On the East Coast, the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) was expanded to include more areas of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick (Dr. Donghui Jiang). The group also contributed to the local region with the completion of epidemiological projects for halibut (Beibei Jia) and oysters (Dr. Thitiwan Patanasatienkul) on Prince Edward Island. The CERC group also continued to contribute internationally. The group developed modelling to assess diagnostics and infection pressure on salmon farms in Chile (Drs. Derek Price, Emilie Laurin, Thitiwan Patanasatienkul). In additional collaboration with the Australia CSIRO, continued (Ian Gardner) and visiting researcher Dr. Maya Groner provided insights into lobster health issues pertinent to the East Coast of the United States of America as well as Canada. The group’s international impact also included funding international student travel to the 8th International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health (ISAAH) to $22,000 which was held in Charlottetown. Finally, the group continued to fund high risk, high impact work by early career researchers with seed grants awarding $28,000 in seed grant funding. 2.1.1. Ocean Frontiers Institute (OFI) – by Dr. Henrik Stryhn Research on New Models of Salmon Health Management is carried out by the CERC/CVER group as part of the Ocean Frontiers Institute research program. The research includes agent-based models on treatment strategies and development of resistance (Dr. Jaewoon Jeong), state-space modelling of sea lice outbreaks in salmon farms around Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick (Dr. Adel Elghafghuf) and assessing transmission patterns of sea lice among salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick (PhD student Marianne Parent). Additional research has been proposed on antibacterial treatment efficacy and interpretation of novel data streams, and these proposals are undergoing revision and review for Phase 2 of the OFI program. CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 2
2.2. AVC Centre for Aquatic Health Sciences (CAHS) – by Dr. Larry Hammell The AVC Centre for Aquatic Health Sciences (AVC-CAHS) is an academic center of expertise for applied fish health research. Centre activities were initially funded by the Atlantic Innovation Fund and research partners including several fish farming companies, provincial and federal government departments (all funding for CAHS is provided from external sources). The Centre continues to work with various groups in Atlantic Canada on various research projects, while also leading OIE Collaborating Centre Activities (ERAAAD). 2.2.1. Fish-iTrends Database Management Since 2009, we have had an ongoing sea lice data management project with three industry associations (ACFFA, NAIA, AANS) and involving Matt Sanford (Programmer) and Holly Burnley (Project Manager). We expect the annual contract will be renewed for the upcoming year. All sites in NB, NS and NL are now part of the FiT database. Monitoring the effectiveness trends for bath and in-feed treatments is an important function within the Fish-iTrends platform, providing important evidence to support decisions regarding use of chemotherapeutic products, and mechanical lice removal in the aquaculture industry and biological controls (cleaner fish) are being planned as part of the data reporting functions. A major undertaking over the past couple of years has been the upgrading of the Fish-iTrends system, modernizing over 28 different fields that collect, analyze and report Fish-iTrends data. Currently, data derived from this system is being used by Dr. Marianne Parent (with Drs. Henrik Stryhn, Raphael Vanderstichel) for her PhD project. 2.2.2. Halibut retrospective productivity analysis Halibut farming is considered to be a growth opportunity in the land-based aquaculture industry with low environmental impact and a large economic potential for PEI. After completing a small-scale tank- based trial designed to evaluate the effects of density and of increasing surface area within tanks on growth of juveniles (completed in March 2017), we also planned to examine production records from the past several years in efforts to evaluate productivity and potential improvements at their land-based facility in Victoria, PEI. These projects were both initiated by Dr. Diana Jaramillo (CERC post-doc, departed Dec 2016) and Dr. Beibei Jia (CERC post-doc) is now leading the retrospective data analysis. Recently, we have been able to include an additional 2 years of farm records to the data being analyzed. Both studies have been supported by the CAHS Technical Manager (Holly Burnley). 2.2.3. Bacterial Kidney Disease Diagnostic Test Performance In previous studies on BKD, it was observed that some fish kidneys being cultured may not be growing bacteria, or were growing less bacteria, using certain sample collection/culture methods. As a result, in 2016 and 2017 samples were collected using 3 (2016) or 5 (2017) different sampling protocols to assess various culture methods and determine the best method for use in the field when collecting samples for BKD testing. Diana Jaramillo, Holly Burnley, Larry Hammell, and Adele Doucet (VetSRA student) completed the sample collections and testing, and Beibei Jia provided data analysis expertise for this CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 3
project. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador previously provided support for this project
through the provision of NL-based data and sample testing.
A salmon kidney with BKD VetSRA student Adele Doucet sampling a fish
2.2.4. Student Externships
CAHS continues to collaborate with the Aquatic Animal Health Division of the NL Department of
Fisheries and Land Resources (NLFLR) to offer practical aquatic veterinary service experience to
students in the DVM program. Depending on activities occurring in NL, summer students may be able
to participate. However, for the past couple of years, focus has been primarily on 4th year DVM
students who undertake a 2-3 week clinical externship as part of their rotation schedule. Students work
with a NL provincial aquaculture veterinarian.
2.2.5. International Efforts
OIE Collaborating Centre (Epidemiology & Risk Assessment of Aquatic Animal Diseases)
activities – Larry Hammell has been involved in a several activities related to the
Collaborating Centre. Most recently, the Tasmanian Salmon Growers Association sponsored
a biosecurity plan review which was completed in late 2018. On the horizon for 2019, OIE is
planning revisions to their tool for the evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services (OIE
PVS Tool), and Larry Hammell will be participating in these revision meetings.
IDH Sustainable Trade projects – CAHS previously received funding from the sustainable
Trade Initiative (IDH) to partner with Vietnamese collaborators on a pilot project to assess
the factors associated with increased mortality and reduced productivity on small-hold
shrimp farms. Data collected for this study was managed using the Fish-iTrends platform and
a publication was generated from the interaction. Currently, IDH is arranging two different
contracts between us and companies in SE Asia to work on expanding their ability to utilize
health and productivity data collected on shrimp and fish farms for predictive models. Once
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 4
contracts are signed, Krishna Thakur and possibly two postdoctoral fellows will be working on
this over the next 18-24 months. Along similar pursuits, we are developing a relationship
with a Montreal-based IT company to understand how we might contribute to the expansion
of health predictive models for aquaculture in SE Asia.
2.3. Dairy Research Groups – By Dr. J McClure
There are 3 dairy cluster projects in 2018. One is a Canadian on-farm dairy - antimicrobial resistance and
antimicrobial use surveillance program, Drs Javier Sanchez & Luke Heider further described in section
2.8. The second project is the calf longevity study that is utilizing data that has been collected for the
past 4 years already and we will continue to build upon it in collaboration with McGill University. Two
PhD students will be working on this study, one student has been identified and we are still trying to find
another one. The third project is looking at detecting B-lactamase producing S. aureus isolates from
mastitis samples using Maldi-tof. It also involves an MSc student and is part of a larger proposal by
CBMRN. Work is ongoing on BLV with Emily John's PhD project (main supervisor J McClure).
2.4. Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Centre (SJDAWC) – by Dr. Alice Crook
The SJDAWC promotes animal welfare through research, service and
education. Over the past two years, research grants were awarded for
the following projects:
Appropriate prognosis and treatment of horses with
respiratory disease – assessing microscopic area and sample
volume of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (Drs. C Gilroy, S Burton,
K Foote, R Vanderstichel, E John)
Initial evaluation of an injectable anesthetic for the castration of male piglets under field
conditions (Drs. S Hamilton, D Hurnik)
Development of an evidence-based, high-sensitivity canine Lyme borreliosis diagnostic protocol
to improve the welfare of dogs in Atlantic Canada (Dr. S Harwig)
Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in a population of Standardbred racehorses on PEI (Drs.
K MacMillan, M Cockram, J Sanchez)
Frequency, distribution, determinants and improvements of calf affective welfare status on
small holder dairy farms in Kenya (observational and clinical trials) (Drs. L Heider, J VanLeeuwen,
S McKenna, G Gitau, P Kimeli)
Recognition of stress levels in hospitalized equine patients during various veterinary procedures:
adaptation of a stabled horse stress scale to a cohort of hospitalized horses (Drs. L McDuffee, W
Montelpare, K Overall)
Assessment of welfare of Sable Island horses through morphometric and radiographic hoof
evaluation (Drs. M Mellish, P-Y Daoust, R Vanderstichel)
Investigation of the prevalence and clinical significance of Eucoleus boehmi in domestic dogs on
Prince Edward Island, Canada (Drs. O Raab, P Foley, E Milley)
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 5
Several graduate students and veterinary summer research students were funded through these
projects. In addition, the 2017 Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Graduate Scholarship was awarded to
Peter Kimeli (three years PhD funding) to work with J VanLeeuwen on the project “Cohort and
controlled trial studies of dairy calf welfare and its factors within smallholder zero-grazing farms in
Kenya.” The 2018 scholarship was awarded to Dr. Alex Alvarez (2 years MSc funding) to work on the
project “Improving the canine welfare implications associated to the radiographic standing stifle angle
and preoperative tibial tuberosity advancement measurements,” with Dr. J Dundas. The competition for
the 2019 SJD AW Graduate Scholarship is underway.
Funding was also awarded for several service projects through which investigators work with community
groups to provide direct services to animals.
Medical and surgical care of homeless animals (2018–2020) (Drs. H Gunn McQuillan, P Foley, R
MacDonald, M MacLean, R MacLean, P Moak)
Youth training in animal welfare in Kenya and Canada—Part 3 (2018) & Part 4 (2019) (Drs. J
VanLeeuwen, S Richards)
AVC humane dog training program (Dr. AM Carey)
Financial aid for spay or neuter of companion animals of owners on fixed income (P Foley)
Neutering feral cats on PEI (P Foley)
AVC Wildlife service (O Raab)
The following graduate students funded through the SJDAWC (in whole or in part) received their
degrees in May 2018: Frederic Chatigny, Ketan Jung Delal, Shauna Richards.
The SJDAWC’s annual “Animal Welfare in Practice” conference was on feline behaviour in 2017 and on
whale stranding in 2018. Visiting Professor David Mellor (U of Massey, New Zealand) gave a number of
animal welfare talks in October 2017. (PDFs of D Mellor’s presentations, as well as those of the
conference speakers, are at awc.upei.ca/) The SJDAWC’s 2017 winter webinar series, “New Approaches
to Old Diseases: Supporting Our Clients and Their Animals in the Face of Terminal Illnesses” was given by
Drs. Caroline Hewson and Christine Savidge, while the 2018 series focused on companion animal
behaviour, given by Dr. Karen L Overall.
The SJDAWC was the Platinum Sponsor for the 2018 annual conference of the International Society for
Applied Ethology (ISAE), which took place at UPEI from July 30-August 3, with M Cockram heading the
organizing committee. ISAE is the leading scientific society for the study of the behaviour and welfare of
confined or domesticated animals. The Congress provides an international forum for the presentation
and discussion of advances in applied animal behaviour science and animal welfare.
In 2018, A Crook and the AVC Animal Welfare Club initiated the Animal Welfare Journal Club, which
meets approximately monthly—all are welcome to propose articles for discussion and to attend.
Announcements are made in Campus Events (or email acrook@upei.ca to be on the mailing list).
Michael Cockram (Chair in Animal Welfare) and Alice Crook (Coordinator, SJDAWC) contribute expertise
on various provincial, national, and international boards and committees. A Crook is retiring this year;
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 6
the search for a Director of the SJDAWC is underway (tenure-track faculty position).
Further details on all activities (including graduate students, publications and presentations) can be
found in the SJDAWC 2017 Annual Report and the SJDAWC 2018 Annual Report.
2.5. Shellfish Research Group (SRG) – by Dr. Jeff Davidson
In 2017 and 2018, Dr. Sophie St. Hilaire was on a leave of absence from AVC and subsequently resigned
her position at UPEI. New opportunities at AVC decreased participation from Jonathan Hill, our shellfish
technician; however Dr. Thitiwan Patanasatienkul continued to provide expertise to our projects and Dr.
Pedro Quijon, UPEI Department of Biology increased collaboration with the SRG. Projects during this
time frame included investigating decreased mussel productivity on PEI mussel farms during the autumn
including remote monitoring; identifying critical ecological thresholds for tunicate infestations on mussel
farms; Irish moss – green crab interactions in Basin Head MPA; an investigation into the decline of oyster
production in the Hillsborough Bay; the characterization of shellfish movements in Nova Scotia for risk
simulation models; and assessing the effect of oyster seed enhancement on public fishing grounds on
PEI.
2.6. Smallholder Dairy Research Group (SDRG) – by Dr. John VanLeeuwen
The Smallholder Dairy Research Group has a dairy
research, teaching and service program involving
graduate students in epidemiology, veterinarians,
veterinary students and other animal health
professionals, along with smallholder dairy farmers,
and interacts with researchers in family science and
human nutrition due to the spin-off benefits of more
milk. The program has been a result of partnerships
among the CVER faculty members and students, three
universities (University of Nairobi, Kenyatta University
and Kasetsart University), two Canadian non-
governmental organizations (Farmers Helping Farmers
- FHF, and Veterinarians without Borders Canada -
Calves on a smallholder dairy farm in Kenya VWB), and dairy farmer groups primarily in Kenya.
Research topics have investigated methods of
enhancing milk productivity (through infectious disease control and dairy health management), and how
dairy farming and higher milk production have improved sustainable livelihoods, human nutrition, and
quality of life.
2017 and 2018 were extremely active and successful years for the group. The project taking the most
time and effort was the 4 year interdisciplinary project funded by the Community Foundations of
Canada (CFC) which entered its third and fourth years. This project had 3 Kenyan graduate students
(known as Queen Elizabeth II Scholars - QES) who completed the following veterinary research projects:
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 7
1) enhanced cow and calf nutrition and farmer livelihoods through drought-tolerant leguminous shrubs (Dr. Dennis Makau - Ph.D.); 2) enhanced reproductive management through hormone use, sexed semen and breeding criteria (Dr. Joan Muraya - Ph.D.); and 3) evaluation of a sustainable model for enhancing cow comfort (Dr. Emily Kathambi - M.Sc.). Three other Kenyan graduate students completed the following non-veterinary research projects as part of this QES project: 1) evaluation of human nutritional training and kitchen gardens on nutritional status and diet diversity (Sarah Muthee - M.Sc.); 2) evaluation of cell phones as a mode of nutritional training (Grace Wanjohi - M.Ed.); and 3) evaluation of changes in women’s empowerment related to the cattle health/productivity benefits and human nutrition benefits of the project (Anne Shileche - M.Sc.). Four veterinary students (Ashley Kroyer, Lee Wesselius, Ren Chamberlain and Julia Kenny) and four nutrition students (Madi Brauer, Hannah Creaser, Mireyne MacMillan, and Michaela Rowan) assisted in the research projects in Kenya, completing 3 month QES internships. Other UPEI professors involved in these projects included: Drs. Shawn McKenna, Bronwyn Crane, Collins Kamunde, Jennifer Taylor, Colleen Walton, Charlene VanLeeuwen, and Tim Goddard. In addition to the QES program mentioned above, in 2017, Dr. Shauna Richards completed her Ph.D. thesis involving randomized controlled trial studies on enhanced fresh cow nutrition on smallholder dairy farms in Kenya (looking at impacts on milk production and reproduction), and cow comfort through improved stall design and management. She also conducted an observational study on the incidence rate of subclinical mastitis in post-partum cows on smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Supervision was provided by Drs. John VanLeeuwen, Shawn McKenna, Jeff Wichtel (now at U of Guelph), Collins Kamunde, Fabienne Uehlinger (now at U of Saskatoon) and George Gitau (U Nairobi). Funding was provided by the Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Centre and AVC. In 2018, Dr. Peter Kimeli began his Ph.D. research, conducting a randomized controlled trial on calf comfort and the 5 domains of animal welfare on smallholder dairy farms, with add-on projects on prevalence of Salmonella infections and antimicrobial resistance in pre-weaned calves, and a cohort study on gastrointestinal parasites in calves. Supervision is provided by Drs. John VanLeeuwen, Shawn McKenna, Luke Heider, Spencer Greenwood and George Gitau. Funding is provided by the Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Centre and AVC. In 2018, Dr. Suppada Kananub completed her Ph.D. research among Thailand smallholder dairy farmers determining the frequency, reproductive impacts and factors of high milk urea nitrogen concentrations in lactating dairy cows. Also during 2017-18, there were two more rotations of 3 UPEI veterinary students and 6 Nairobi veterinary students providing training to smallholder dairy farmers and veterinary professionals for knowledge transfer of the research results. The trips were also utilized to check up on research project analyses and reports. Also in 2018, another 4 years of funding was secured for a second phase of research involving CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 8
smallholder dairy farmers in central Kenya through the QES program. This second phase will have
another 3 Kenyans coming to UPEI for a Ph.D. and 2 M.Sc. degrees, and 13 UPEI veterinary and science
undergraduate students going to Kenya for 3 month internships.
2.6.1. Mobile phone-based diagnosis and treatment in Ethiopia – by Dr. Crawford Revie
Following on from a successful IDRC-funded project in 2015/2016 and the development of VetAfrica-
Ethiopia (VAE), a mobile phone app that aids animal health assistants in tasks associated with diagnosing
and treating cattle, Crawford Revie has coordinated the extension of this work to cover a range of
animal species of importance to smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Together with colleagues from Addis
Ababa University the research team has obtained funding from the Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute to
extend the app to provide diagnosis for important diseases of sheep, goats, camels and working equids,
in addition to cattle. A two year field trial is currently underway involving around 200 animal health
assistants in four regions of Ethiopia.
Given the more extensive coverage of the revised app, attention is also being given to the potential of
this type of approach for passive surveillance. Given the current FAO/World Bank/partner countries
focus on PPR virus, its application to respiratory-related conditions in small ruminants is of particular
interest. Funding has also been obtained from Brooke, a UK-based animal welfare charity, who are
supporting the development of a Differential Disease Diagnostic Framework (D3F) which will provide an
open source based set of code modules to enable developers in the Global South to create similar apps
suited to local conditions.
2.7. Risk Analysis Group – by Dr. Javier Sanchez
The goal of the group is to promote research projects and training opportunities in risk analysis. Given
the strong interest from different target groups to address issues related to uncertainty and risk for
decision makers and the need for capacity building in risk analysis, this group is seeking support to fund
a research chair in risk analysis. The Expert Panel on Approaches to Animal Health risk assessment of the
Council of Canadian Academies identified that risk assessment is employed by all levels of government,
by industry organizations, and informally by individuals, to solve problems and aid in decision-making
but there is a lack for formal training in risk analysis in Canada. It therefore recommends that “Canada’s
research and training in animal health risk assessment should be enhanced to strengthen its knowledge
capacity for protecting animal health, human health, and the environment”. Several risk assessment
projects are underway in this area in animal health and one health:
Risk of introduction of Chronic Wasting Disease in caribou population in Northern Canada
Risk of development of fresh water tolerance in sea lice
Risk of re-introduction and spread of cattle tick in Uruguay
Exposure to arsenic by lobster meat consumption in First Nation communities in PEI
Risk of Cryptosporidiosis in humans by consumption of raw oysters
Exposure assessment to antimicrobial resistance genes through retail meat in nine European
countries
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 9 Consumption of Unregulated Well Water in Rural Communities: Impact of Risk Perception on
Human Health Risk
Risk of human exposure to Leptospira spp. in dairy farmers in Chile
Risk-based surveillance for foot-and-mouth disease in South America
Javier Sanchez has been working with Agriteam, a consulting company based on Calgary on a risk
assessment project. Agriteam got approval for a 5-year program in Vietnam related with food safety risk
assessment, and is working with Department of Foreign Affairs to finalize the funding.
2.8. Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology Group – by Dr. Javier Sanchez
This group has been very active over last two years under the leadership of Dr. Javier Sanchez. The
group (Drs. Sanchez, Heider, McClure, Keefe) has obtained funding from the Dairy Farmers of Canada
Research Cluster III and Public Health Agency of Canada for a total of $1.6M for five years. This program
involves the five veterinary schools in Canada, PHAC and Memorial University. It aims at developing a
surveillance program for antimicrobial stewardship and its impact on antimicrobial use (AMU),
antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and animal health on dairy farms. It is the vision of this program to
continue after the five years. The program is built around five regions in Canada (BC, Alberta, Ontario,
Quebec and NS) using a total of 150 farms which will be monitored for AMU and AMR for five years. One
PhD student from Brazil will join this program in May or June.
This group is also involved in technology development and alternative use of antimicrobials. We have
received funding from National Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Assistance Program
(NRC IRAP) to develop a proof of concept about using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification
(LAMP) technology developed by Fieldetect for the detection of mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle. The
development of on-farm diagnostic devices that provides a reliable advice to direct treatment options is
of significant value in food animal production. This technology will allow farmers to decide what
antimicrobials should be used and to which animals. Therefore, this will enhance the prudent use of
antimicrobials and help reducing the development of antimicrobial resistant bugs with consequences in
both animal and human health. This project is currently underway, and it is being conducted jointly with
the faculty of sustainable design engineering. Preliminary results are promising, and we are planning to
apply for more funding to continue with the development of this technology.
Finally, an MSc student, Ashlynn Webster, is studying the epidemiology of methicillin resistant
staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in dogs using hospital records from Atlantic Veterinary
Teaching Hospital. Ashlynn joined our program in September of 2018, and she is working under the
supervision of Javier Sanchez.
2.9. Other Activities
2.9.1. ISVEE 2021 – by Dr. Javier Sanchez
ISVEE 16 will be held in Halifax (9-13 August 2021), and AVC will host pre- and post-conference courses
(plans are for 3-5 courses). An organizing company for the conference has been contracted, and the
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 10website www.isvee2021.ca has been built. The promotion of ISVEE 16 is ongoing (including the
important ISVEE 15 conference in the fall of 2018). The scientific and organizing committees have
elicited feedback about conference courses and special sessions. Current tasks for ISVEE 16 involve
collecting and reviewing proposals for special sessions, and working with the organizing company to
finalize sponsorships.
2.9.2. MSHSCC – by Dr. Henrik Stryhn
In March 2018, the Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute (CANSSI) approved an application for a
Maritime Statistical and Health Sciences Collaborating Centre. The application was a joint effort
between Acadia, Dalhousie, UNB and UPEI, with the UPEI participation coordinated by Henrik Stryhn.
The objective of the centre is to further research and training in collaboration between statistical and
health science environments. Activities within UPEI and the region have focused on establishing
connections between researchers in different environments, for example between CVER and the
Maritime SPOR Support Unit for PEI located within the Centre for Health and Community Research.
3. New or Returning CVER Team Members
Dr. Jason Stull (VMD, MPVM, PhD, DACVPM) is an Assistant Professor in Veterinary
Epidemiology in the Department of Health Management. Previously, he was an
Assistant Professor at the Ohio State University, Department of Veterinary
Preventive Medicine and worked as a state public health veterinarian. He received a
Master in Preventive Veterinary Medicine from the University of California and PhD
in veterinary infectious disease from the University of Guelph. His research focuses
on companion animal infectious disease epidemiology, preventing and controlling
infectious diseases in veterinary care, households, and unique environments.
Dr. Krishna Thakur started with CERC in June 2015 as a Postdoctoral Fellow, he now
joins the team as an Assistant Professor at AVC. Krishna’s background and training
is in Veterinary Epidemiology. Krishna received an MSc in Comparative
Epidemiology from Purdue University in 2011 and completed his PhD in
Epidemiology from the University of Prince Edward Island in 2015. Krishna started
his new position in January 2019 and will continue to pursue research including
simulation and statistical modeling, risk analysis and epidemiology of
disease/parasite spread.
Dr. Vincenzo Repaci is CERC Project Manager. He joined the team in September
2018. Vince comes to CERC with a background in science, a wealth of skills and
knowledge in project management. He has a PhD in conservation genetics that
focused on the major histocompatibility complex, and has done some work on
population genetics of Amazonian fishes. Vince has worked on some large long
term transformation IT projects at Universities and also some shorter consulting
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 11projects across education, healthcare and finance. Vince has recently moved to PEI from Australia.
Wendy Campbell – Mckinnon is the CERC administrative assistant. She joined the team in October of
2018. Wendy has a BSc in Family Sciences from UPEI and holds an Office Administration diploma. Over
the last 10 years, Wendy owned and operated her own business working with families in her
community.
Dr. Babafela Awosile joined CERC in September 2017 as a Post-doctoral Fellow.
Babafela is from Nigeria, and his background is in Veterinary Epidemiology. He
obtained his DVM in 2009, and his MSc in Veterinary Public Health and Preventive
Medicine in 2012, both at the Federal University of Agriculture (FUA), Abeokuta,
Nigeria. He was a Junior Research Fellow and a University lecturer in Veterinary
Public Health and Preventive Medicine at FUA. His Ph.D. research was in
Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology, and he completed his Ph.D. in Epidemiology from the AVC, UPEI.
Babafela’s research interests at the CERC are Aquatic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance
Epidemiology.
Dr. Marina Delphino joined CERC in June 2018 as a Post-doctoral Fellow. Marina
concluded her BVM in 2007 and MSc in Animal Health in 2010 from the University
of Brasília (UnB) where she worked on risk analysis and biosecurity in the swine
industry and epidemiological studies of brucellosis and tuberculosis in Brazil.
Marina worked for the Brazilian Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture (2010-2016)
in the Aquatic Animal Health Coordination with a focus on developing surveillance
of aquatic animals. In March 2018, Marina completed her PhD in Animal Health in Epidemiology at UnB.
Marina’s research interests at the CERC include aquatic epidemiology, risk analysis and aquatic
infectious disease.
Dr. Jaewoon Jeong joined CERC in February 2018 as a Post-doctoral Fellow.
Jaewoon received his DVM from Konkuk University in South Korea and completed
his MSc in epidemiology about the mathematical modelling of from the University
of California, Davis, USA. Jaewoon completed his Ph.D. in disease ecology about
modelling of coronavirus and Hendra virus infection dynamics in Australian bats
from Griffith University, Australia. After being a lecturer for 6 months at Konkuk
University after his PhD, Jaewoon joined CERC as a postdoctoral fellow. Jaewoon’s
research interests at the CERC include mathematical modelling of veterinary diseases, risk analysis, and
epidemiology of zoonotic diseases.
Dr. Beibei Jia joined CERC in January 2018 as a Post-doctoral Fellow. Beibeis has
bachelor and master degrees in veterinary medicine. She completed her PhD in
veterinary epidemiology at the UPEI in 2016. Her research interests include
biosecurity, situation analysis, spatial-temporal studies and value chain study.
Beibei has been working on following projects since she started with CERC in 2018:
1) Systematic review of test validation of wildlife mammals infectious diseases; 2)
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 12Historical review of health survey of wild salmonids in BC; 3) Production data analysis of farmed halibut
in PEI; 4) Diagnostics uncertainties of bacterial kidney disease in farmed Atlantic salmon in NB.
Dr. Omid Nekouei (DVM, PhD) joined CERC in February 2017 as a Post-doctoral
Fellow. He received a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) (2001-2007) and
Graduate studies, research, and teaching epidemiology and zoonoses (2008-2011)
from the University of Tehran, and a PhD in veterinary epidemiology from the AVC,
UPEI (2012-2015). He held a Post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Calgary
(2016) before coming back to UPEI. Omid’s primary research interests are in
epidemiology of infectious diseases, advanced statistical modeling, and
quantitative risk assessment.
Dr. Derek Price joined CERC in September 2017 as a Post-doctoral Fellow. He is an
aquaculture veterinarian with over ten years of field experience in Chilean salmon
farming. He recently completed a Ph.D. in Epidemiology at the Atlantic Veterinary
College, University of Prince Edward Island, with focus on using epidemiological
methods to support the industry to improve the management and control of
piscirickettsiosis in Chile. Derek’s research interests are applying epidemiological
methods to support health management policies that ensure the sustainability of
aquaculture; diagnosis of Piscirickettsia salmonis in Chile and simulating the spread
of ISA virus in Canada.
4. Guests
4.1. Visiting Professors/researchers
Professor George Gitau: a veterinary clinician and epidemiologist at the Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine in Nairobi, Kenya (and adjunct faculty at AVC’s Department of Health Management),
was selected to deliver the R.G. Thompson Lecture at the Graduate Studies Conference in May
2018. He spoke about the dynamics and opportunities for collaborative global research for the
Kenyan Dairy Sector. His research is focused on health management of dairy cattle.
Professor Tariq Halasa: from the Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at the
University of Copenhagen, visited the CERC group for research, collaborations, and gave a
presentation "Disease Spread and Control: The Value of Modeling Simulation" on August 2018.
Associate Professor Vitor Gonçalves: from the University of Brasilia, delivered a workshop on
Animal Health Economics at AVC on September 2018 as part of a research visit to collaborate on
CERC projects. The workshop focused on the economics and decision-making in animal-health
policy for both aquatic and terrestrial species.
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 13 Visting researcher Dr. Maya Groner: CERC welcomed back Dr. Maya Groner who is now a
research scientist with the Prince William Sound Center in Cordova Alaska. Dr. Groner visited
with the AVC and presented her research on disease tied to climate change in lobsters on the
East Coast of the USA.
4.2. Visiting Graduate Students
Yosdany Centelels García – from the National Centre for Animal and Plant Health in Cuba, taking
epidemiology courses and doing research from January to June 2018 at CVER under the
supervision of Javier Sanchez.
Monica Cecilia Miraballes – from the National Institute of Agricultural Research in Uruguay,
taking epidemiology courses and doing research from January to June 2018 at CVER under the
supervision of Dr. Javier Sanchez.
Benedetto Morandi – from the Department of Veterinary Medical Science at the Alma Mater
Studiorm – University of Bologna in Italy, taking epidemiology courses and doing research from
September 2017 to June 2018 at CVER under the supervision of John VanLeeuwen.
Allie Ralling – from the Department of Veterans Affairs in Charlottetown PEI, taking
epidemiology courses from September 2017 to April 2018 at CVER.
Dario Vallejo – from the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Antioquia in
Colombia, taking epidemiology courses and doing research from September to November 2017
at CVER under the supervision of Drs. Julian Reyes and Greg Keefe.
5. Awards and Recognition
Dr. Ian Dohoo named to Order of Canada: Dr. Ian Dohoo has been appointed to
the Order of Canada. He received the honour for his contributions to veterinary
and human epidemiology in developed and developing countries. It was broadcast
by CBC Morning News on Thursday December 27, 2018. Both UPEI President and
AVC Dean congratulated Dr. Dohoo. "On behalf of faculty, staff, students and
alumni, I congratulate Dr. Dohoo on this latest honour of being appointed to the
Order of Canada. Ian, known among colleagues as the godfather of veterinary
epidemiology, is so deserving of this recognition for his contributions in his field in
Canada and around the world." said Dr. Alaa Abd-El-Aziz, President and Vice-Chancellor. The Dean of
AVC Dr. Greg Keefe also congratulated Dr. Dohoo on being named to the Order of Canada, saying that
he remains a valuable contributor to the College post retirement. “Dr. Dohoo has certainly left his mark
on AVC, having mentored many of the faculty now in leadership roles at the College. He continued to
contribute to the education of graduate students who are studying veterinary epidemiology.”
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 14Dr. Greg Keefe, Dean of AVC, has been appointed to the Association of American
Veterinary Medical Colleges’ (AAVMC) board of governors as At-Large Director for
Region II (Canada). The AAVMC works to protect and improve the health and welfare
of animals, people, and the environment around the world by advancing academic
veterinary medicine. Members include 49 accredited veterinary medical colleges in
the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Europe, Australia, and New
Zealand.
Dr. Alice Crook won international award: Dr. Crook has received international
recognition for her work in animal welfare from the World Veterinary Association
(WVA) and Ceva Santé Animale, a multinational veterinary pharmaceutical company.
During the WVA’s 34th annual Congress on May 6, Dr. Crook was awarded the WVA
Animal Welfare Award for North America. She is one of only five veterinarians world-
wide who received the prestigious award.
Dr. Danielle Burnett won “Best Oral Presentation” at the 12th International Sea Lice
2018 conference held in Patagonia, Chile, from November 4–8 for her presentation,
entitled “Using a biological-physical model to quantify sea lice larval connectivity
among salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada”.
Dr. Emily John won 1st place for biosafety/biosecurity-themed posters at the 99th
Annual Conference for Research Workers in Animal Diseases conference held in
Chicago, Illinois from December 1 – 4, for her poster entitled “Temporal Patterns of
Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Atlantic Canada”.
6. Graduate Program Highlights
Babafela Awosile – successfully defended his PhD thesis under the supervision of Drs. J McClure
and Luke Heider. His thesis was titled “Antimicrobial resistance studies from Atlantic Canada
with a focus on extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in dairy cattle and humans”.
Sunoh Che – successfully defended her MSc thesis under the supervision of Drs. Javier Sanchez
and Dan Hurnik. Her thesis was titled “Comparison of the recovery of antimicrobial resistant
organisms from pigs in antibiotic-free and conventional swine farms in the United States”.
Ketan Jung Dulal – successfully defended his MSc thesis under the supervision of Dr. Jeff
Davidson. His thesis was titled “Risk factors affecting wing injuries of broiler chickens at a
slaughter plant in New Brunswick, Canada”.
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 15 Suppuda Kananub – Successfully defended her PhD in Epidemiology at the Kasetsart University
in Thailand. Co-Supervised by Drs. Pipat Arunvipas and John VanLeeuwen.
Emily Kathambi Kiugu – successfully defended her MSc thesis under the supervision of Dr. John
VanLeeuwen. Her thesis was titled “Calf comfort pilot study and compliance and effects of cow
comfort recommendations in smallholder dairy farms in Kenya”.
Dennis Makau – successfully defended his PhD thesis under the supervision of Dr. John
VanLeeuwen. His thesis was titled “Enhancing productivity and livelihoods of smallholder dairy
farmers in Kenya through agroforestry and cellphone-mediated training”.
Brett MacKinnon – successfully defended her MSc thesis under the supervision of Dr. Sophie St.
Hilaire. Her thesis was titled “Epidemiology of ulcer disease of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in
Atlantic Canada”.
Joan Muraya – successfully defended her PhD thesis under the supervision of Dr. John
VanLeeuwen. Her thesis was titled “Improving productivity and reproductive efficiency of
smallholder dairy cows in Kenya”.
Derek Price – successfully defended his PhD thesis under the supervision of Dr. Sophie St.
Hilaire. His thesis was titled “Improving the prevention and control of piscirickettsiosis in Chile”.
Niorn Ratanapob – successfully defended her PhD thesis under the supervision of Drs. Shawn
McKenna and Jeff Wichtel. Her thesis was titled “Increasing lamb survival in Prince Edward
Island sheep flocks”.
Shauna Richards– successfully defended her PhD thesis under the supervision of Dr. John
VanLeeuwen. Her thesis was titled “Productivity and welfare of cows on small holder dairy farms
in Kenya”.
Anne Shileche – Successfully defended an MSc in Program Evaluation. Supervised by Drs.
Charlene VanLeeuwen and John VanLeeuwen. Her thesis was titled “Impact on emotional and
civic engagement status of Kenyan women farmers”.
Mohamed Afifi – Started a PhD in Biostatistics. Supervised by Drs. Henrik Stryhn and Javier
Sanchez.
Peter Kimeli – Started a PhD in Epidemiology. Supervised by Dr. John VanLeeuwen.
Daniel Wambua Muasya – Started a PhD in Epidemiology. Supervised by Dr. John VanLeeuwen.
Marianne Parent – Started a PhD in Epidemiology. Supervised by Drs. Raphael Vanderstichel
and Henrik Stryhn.
João Romero – Started an MSc in Epidemiology. Supervised by Dr. Ian Gardner.
Sarah Sparks – Started a PhD in Epidemiology. Supervised by Drs. William Montelpare and
Henrik Stryhn.
Ashlynn Webster – Started an MSc in Epidemiology. Supervised by Dr. Javier Sanchez
7. Outreach
This section describes some examples of outreach initiatives.
7.1. Epi on the Island 2018
CVER hosted its annual Epi on the Island Summer Courses in June 2018. The two 5-day summer courses,
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 16held at the AVC from Jun 11 to 22, were filled close to the maximum capacity. The participants were
from the USA, Uruguay, Kenya and Sweden in addition to across the different parts of Canada.
Epi on the Island 2018 - Introduction to Multilevel Modelling Epi on the Island 2018 - Multivariate Visualization and Analysis
The first course, “Introduction to Multilevel Modelling”, provided the participants with the knowledge
and skills required to successfully fit multi-level models to both continuous data and discrete data. The
instructors were Drs. I. Dohoo and H. Stryhn of the AVC.
The second course, “Multivariate Visualization and Analysis”, introduced the participants to a range of
multi-variate techniques that are used in the analyses on large and complex observational
epidemiological data sets. The instructors were Drs. C. Revie, G. McEwan, and H. Stryhn from the AVC.
7.2. Successful Start to another 4-year Dairy Project in Kenya
University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI) and
Farmers Helping Farmers (FHF), a charity based in
PEI, were thrilled to receive another 4 years of
funding for a second phase of research involving
smallholder dairy farmers in central Kenya. They
were successful in obtaining another $300,000
from the Canadian Queen Elizabeth II Diamond
Jubilee Scholarships program which was created in
June 2014 in honour of Queen Elizabeth’s 60-year
reign. It’s a joint initiative of Universities Canada,
the Rideau Hall Foundation, and Community
Foundations of Canada, with financial support
Kenyan and Canadian veterinary students in
from the federal government, provincial
front of the Buuri Dairy Farmers Co-op Office
governments, and the private sector. The goal of
the program is to help countries train future leaders in development, known as Queen Elizabeth
Scholars, while providing assistance to developing countries. Canadian university students participate in
internships and study opportunities in various countries, and international students from those
countries pursue graduate studies in Canada and apply those new professional skills when they return to
their home country. The successful 4-year renewal was primarily developed by Dr. John VanLeeuwen of
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 17UPEI’s Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC), along with colleagues from Applied Human Sciences at UPEI
(Drs. Jennifer Taylor, Colleen Walton and Charlene VanLeeuwen), University of Nairobi (Dr. George
Gitau), and Kenyatta University (Dr. Lucy Kathuri), and Teresa and Ken Mellish from Farmers Helping
Farmers.
The project started in Sept 2018 when the first graduate student from Kenya, Dr. Daniel Muasya, started
courses at UPEI in the veterinary epidemiology program. Two more Kenyans have been selected to
complete graduate programs at UPEI, one veterinary and one non-veterinary. Their research projects
will involve: 1) epidemiology and control of bovine viral diarrhea virus on smallholder dairy farms in
Kenya; 2) epidemiology and control of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis on smallholder dairy farms in
Kenya; and 3) evaluation of nutritional knowledge among primary school children with and without
school lunch programs in rural Kenya.
Six veterinary students from UPEI, six nutrition students from UPEI, and a program evaluation student
from UPEI will complete 3 month internships in Kenya from 2019-2021 to help with training, research
projects (through the graduate students), and knowledge transfer in the Buuri region of Kenya. The total
project budget, including the in-kind contributions, is valued at over $750,000.
7.3. International Teaching
Dr. Ian Dohoo, who retired in 2012 but who retains an affiliation with CVER, continues to be active in
teaching and research. He continues to work part-time on short-term teaching and research contracts
with primary areas of activity involving partnerships with:
The International Livestock Research Institute (based in Kenya) where he is working on a range
of projects related to animal health and animal sourced foods
UniResearch (based in Bergen, Norway) focusing on sea lice related projects
Universities in Australia and New Zealand where Dr. Dohoo provides graduate-level short
courses in epidemiologic methods
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) where Dr. Dohoo provides graduate-level short
courses in epidemiologic methods
8. Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications
- Including those accepted in 2018 and published in 2019
1. Afifi, M., Kabera, F., Stryhn, H., Roy, J. -P., Heider, L. C., Godden, S., … Dufour, S. (2018).
Antimicrobial-based dry cow therapy approaches for cure and prevention of intramammary
infections: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Animal Health Research Reviews,
19(1), 74-78.
2. Aghamohammadi, M., Haine, D., Kelton, D. F., Barkema, H. W., Hogeveen, H., Keefe, G. P., & Dufour,
S. (2018). Herd-level mastitis-associated costs on Canadian dairy farms. Frontiers In Veterinary
Science, 5.
CVER Biennial Report 2017 – 2018 Page 183. Akinkuotu, O. A., Greenwood, S. J., McClure, J. T., Takeet, M. I., Otesile, E. B., & Olufemi, F. (2018).
Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis infecting rabbits in Ogun State, Nigeria. Veterinary
Parasitology: Regional Studies And Reports, 13, 171-176.
4. Aldrin, M., Jansen, P. A., & Stryhn, H. (2018). A partly stage-structured model for the abundance of
salmon lice in salmonid farms [In Press, Corrected Proof]. Epidemics.
5. Alvasen K, Dohoo I, Roth A, Emanuelson U. Farm characteristics and management routines related
to cow longevity: a survey among Swedish dairy farmers. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. 2018;
60(1):38
6. Anderson, M., Revie, C. W., Quail, J. M., Wodchis, W., De Oliveira, C., Osman, M., … Neudorf, C.
(2018). The effect of socio-demographic factors on mental health and addiction high-cost use: a
retrospective, population-based study in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal Of Public Health, 109(5),
810-820.
7. Arriagada, G., Sanchez, J., Stryhn, H., Vanderstichel, R., Campistó, J. L., Ibarra, R., & St-Hilaire, S.
(2018). A multivariable assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of pyrethroids performance
on the sea lice Caligus rogercresseyi in Chile. Spatial And Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology, 26, 1-13.
8. Austin, P. C., Stryhn, H., Leckie, G., & Merlo, J. (2018). Measures of clustering and heterogeneity in
multilevel Poisson regression analyses of rates/count data. Statistics In Medicine, 37(4), 572-589.
9. Awosile, B., German, G. J., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J. C., Saab, M. E., Heider, L. C., & McClure, J. T.
(2018). Determination of antimicrobial resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporin, quinolones
and vancomycin in selected human enteric pathogens from Prince Edward Island, Canada. Canadian
Journal Of Microbiology, 64(7), 473-482.
10. Awosile, B. B., Heider, L. C., Saab, M. E., & McClure, J. T. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria
isolated from horses from the Atlantic Provinces, Canada (1994 to 2013). Canadian Veterinary
Journal = Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 59(9), 951-957.
11. Awosile, B., McClure, J., Sanchez, J., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J. C., Keefe, G., & Heider, L. C. (2018).
Salmonella enterica and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli recovered
from Holstein dairy calves from 8 farms in New Brunswick, Canada. Journal Of Dairy Science, 101(4),
3271-3284.
12. Awosile, B. B., McClure, J. T., Sanchez, J., VanLeeuwen, J., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J. C., Keefe, G., &
Heider, L. C. (2017). Short communication: Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia
coli in colostrum from New Brunswick, Canada, dairy cows harbor blaCMY-2 and blaTEM resistance
genes. Journal Of Dairy Science, 100(10), 7901-7905.
13. Bach, E., Raizman, E. A., Vanderwal, R., Soto, P., Chaffer, M., Keefe, G., … Bach, H. (2018).
Immunogenicity of PtpA secreted during Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection in
cattle. Veterinary Immunology And Immunopathology, 198, 1-5.
14. Bach, H., Richard-Greenblatt, M., Bach, E., Chaffer, M., Lai, W., Keefe, G., & Begg, D. J. (2018).
Protein kinase G Induces an immune response in cows exposed to Mycobacterium avium Subsp.
paratuberculosis. Biomed Research International, 2018, 1-9.
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