Edition Axel Menges Architecture, Art, Design and Film - Spring 2020 New and recently published titles
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Edition Axel Menges
Architecture, Art, Design and Film
Spring 2020
New and recently published titles
Antonietta Iolanda Lima Waltraud Engelbrecht (ed.) Gardens for the Senses – The Spanish
The Architecture of Pica Ciamarra Erich Engelbrecht – Introspektive Bilder / Gardens of Javier Mariátegui
Associati – From Urban Fragments to Introspective Images With texts by Javier Mariátegui Valdés and pho-
Ecological Systems With contributions by Waltraud Engelbrecht, tographs by Javier Mariátegui Valdés, Casilda
356 pp. with 915 illus. including 305 in colour, Gottfried Knapp and Renate Vogt. 144 pp. with Mariátegui and Mark Bentley. 188 pp. with 245
240 x 300 mm, hard-cover, English 124 illus., 280 x 300 mm, hard-cover, German / illus., 305 x 259 mm, hard-cover, English
ISBN 978-3-86905-020-1 English ISBN 978-3-936681-98-7
Euro 78.00, £ 68.00, US $ 89.00 ISBN 978-3-86905-014-0 Euro 58.00, £ 42.90, US $ 64.00
Euro 59.00, £ 49.90, US $ 69.90
Since 1970, based in an isolated building situat- Enclosed is a DVD with a film by Helmut Kohn It was not by chance nor by a trick of fate that
ed on the peninsula of Posillipo, Pica Ciamarra Javier Mariátegui dedicated himself to garden-
Associati (www.pcaint.eu) has acted as a labora- Erich Engelbrecht (1928–2011) called his pictures ing. He grew up among gardens.
tory of architectural and urban design which has »introspective«. He remarks on this: »The intro- Both his grandmothers were gardening enthu-
gradually incorporated new members and new spective image inspects the arena of the soul, the siasts, one of them, the Marchioness of Casa
energies over the time: using a multidisciplinary field of operation of archetypes, which constitute Valdés, wrote the book Spanish Gardens, which
approach, the roots of the architectural practice the fundamental pattern of our behaviour.« We describes the history of Spanish gardening from
lie in the intensive theoretical and practical work are indebted to C. G. Jung for providing especial- Roman times to the present day. This book con-
begun in the early 1960s by Massimo Pica Cia- ly deep insights into the nature of archetypes. Ac- tinues to be a reference for all lovers of this par-
marra. Since then the practice has been marked cording to him, they constitute, in their totality, the ticular field of history and art.
by a continuous relationship with Le Carré Bleu – collective human unconsciousness, and determine This enthusiasm was passed on to him by his
Feuille internationale d’architecture and leading our actions. These archetypes become visible on- parents. From his earliest years he was making
members of the cultural milieu of Team 10: this ly in symbolic images. For Werner Haftmann such his own gardens, by reusing those plants dis-
has led to constant attention to everything that images are the works of symbolist artists of all carded by his father.
lies beyond form, to the relation ship with con- times. Mariátegui studied landscape gardening and
texts that also include non-spatial contexts, and The works of Erich Engelbrecht, whether graph- design at the Escuela de Paisajismo y Jardinerìa
to high levels of integration and dialectical discus- ics, oil pictures, tapestries, or wooden and steel fig- Castillo de Batres in Madrid. Subsequently he
sion. According to Pica Ciamarra Associati, a de- ures, appear planimetric and abstract. In his steel worked in England as a gardener. Back in Spain,
sign transcends the approaches of a single sec- figures, for instance, the third dimension exists on- he established the Jardines de España nursery,
tor, providing simultaneous solutions to contradic- ly in the thickness of the steel plates. This makes which looks after and employs handicapped chil-
tory requirements, combining utopia and practi- his artworks akin to folk tales. In his book Das dren, with whom he first started making gar-
cality. The poetics of the fragment: it mediates europäische Volksmärchen, Max Lüthi describes dens. For the past thirty years, he has created
between architecture and the urban dimension; the style of the folk tale as »planimetric« and »ab- numerous gardens across Spain and in several
some designs also have the aim of becoming ab- stract«, with projecting all happenings on the level other European countries. He has also published
sorbed within a context as »informed fragments«. of plot. When the sister cuts her little finger off many articles on landscape-gardening topics in
This monograph is the result of an intensive and uses it to open the door to the glass castle specialized magazines and a book on one of his
period of work and consists of two interacting to free her imprisoned brothers in the folk tale gardens: El Jardín de los Tapices /The Tapestry
parts. It stems from research into the archive of The Seven Ravens, no blood flows and we hear Garden. Among the present garden architects of
the studio Pica Ciamarra and conversation with no cry of pain. Spain Mariátegui plays an outstanding role. Even
the members of the architectural practice. Organ- Both – the folk tale and the »introspective im- the Spanish TV has dedicated a monographic
ised diachronically, the book tells the long story, age« – tell a story and use primal images in order program to him and his gardens.
unfolding over a period of over fifty years of a to do it. This mode of action – of creating a coher- It would be difficult to summarize in a few
team of Neapolitan architects and designers, who ence of meaning through a narrative of archetypal words the essence of Mariátegui’s gardens, giv-
have maintained the lively spirit of the practice images such as forest, cavern, or sea that rests en the wide variety of styles, their versatility and
which is still geared towards the future. The textu- upon primal human experience – is described by numerous differences that perhaps becomes his
al and iconographic account tells a story and of- C. G. Jung as an »archetypal programme«, a pri- »signature«. His style is not dogmatic, he loves
fers an interpretation that highlight the vibrant at- mal behaviour pattern that all human beings fol- order and disorder, straight lines and curved, the
mosphere of the studio, based on a consistency of low, regardless of race, culture, or epoch. wild chaos of nature as well as strict geometri-
thought and action, and fuelled by an interest in With the introspective image, as with the folk cal patterns, varied and single species of plants,
many different forms of knowledge. The contex- tale, the creative process must be intuitive and colour and absence of colour. Moreover he en-
tualisation of the events related to the studio is meditative, an immersion in the unconscious. Erich joys bringing elements that clash together until
wide-ranging, coherent and connotative. Engelbrecht had no plan or idea for an artwork, they harmonize.
Antonietta Iolanda Lima, professor of history merely an empty sheet of paper or canvas in front Perhaps as a result of an intimate knowledge
of architecture at the University of Palermo, has of him; he made himself receptive, waited, and of the magic of water in Andalusian Moorish gar-
always tried, through theory, teaching and design, allowed himself to be guided by the images, a dens, Mariátegui uses water as an essential ele-
to disseminate the importance of history which process that he experienced very much as an or- ment in many of his gardens. He makes it »work«
can embracing innovation and tradition to an deal and even as a threat to his existence. He did, in all its forms; in pumps, in cascades, in con-
equal degree, forming a new architectural lan- however, have a sense for when his process of stant gentle movement, or rocking in waves, in
guage. According to her view of architecture, his- searching was at an end, albeit without under- disperse drops or in silence like a mirror that
tory and design are closely connected, a »single standing the meaning of a picture created in this adds the magic of its reflection.
entity« as is reflected by her career. Since the way. His wife Waltraud Engelbrecht would then try
1980s, her academic work has gained increasing to »read« these images and to derive a coherence European Garden-Book Award
importance, a way of avoiding narrow sectoral of meaning from correspondences of form and
approaches in the training of future architects, of- colour.
fering a holistic stance of the history of architec- Renate Vogt
ture and an architecture that contributes to shap-
ing critical thought and a thriving cultural life. Just published
2 Work monographs www.AxelMenges.de
Fritz Barth Frei Otto / Bodo Rasch. Finding Form – Anne-Catrin Schultz
Konstantin Melnikow und sein Haus Towards an Architecture of the Mini- Carlo Scarpa – Layers
64 pp. with 106 illus., 210,5 x 281 mm, hard- mal 152 pp. with 344 illus., 233 x 284.5 mm, hard-
cover, German edition 240 pp. with 540 illus. in b & w and colour, cover, English
ISBN 978-3-936681-89-5 215 x 240 mm, hard-cover, English ISBN 978-3-930698-14-1
Euro 36.00, £ 29.00, US $ 46.00 ISBN 978-3-930698-66-0 Euro 59.00, £ 39.90, US $ 69.00, $A 98.00
Konstantin Melnikov and his House Euro 49.00, £ 39.90, US $ 59.00
64 pp. with 106 illus., 210,5 x 281 mm, hard- In recent decades, Carlo Scarpa’s relevance has
cover, English edition »Primeval architecture is an architecture of neces- been steadily on the rise. Strategies of adaptive
ISBN 978-3-936681-90-1 sity. Nothing is there to excess, no matter wheth- reuse and adjustments to existing fabric are consis-
Euro 36.00, £ 29.00, US $ 46.00 er stone, clay, reeds or wood, animal skins or tent with a growing agenda of sustainability and re-
hair are used. It is minimal. It can be very beauti- sourcefulness. At a time when architects have to
Konstantin Melnikov (1890–1974) is unquestionab- ful even amidst poverty and is good in the ethical develop aesthetic systems following an integrative
ly one of the outstanding architects of the 20th sense. approach treating existing urban and built context
century – in spite of the fact that he fell silent ear- Good architecture seems to be more important as a narrative to continue, Scarpa’s œuvre remains
ly, leaving behind only limited work that was insuf- than beautiful architecture. Beautiful architecture a source of inspiration. Scarpa’s use of architectural
ficiently publicized, and restricted almost exclu- is not necessarily good. Only buildings that are layering analysed and explained in this book could
sively to Moscow, the city of his birth in which he at the same time ethically good and aesthetically serve as a contemporary strategy that is nonhierar-
spent nearly his entire life and which did not ap- beautiful are worth preserving. chical and free of stylistic idioms.
preciate him. He was raised in humble circum- We have too many buildings that have become Buildings such as the Castelvecchio in Verona
stances, but enjoyed an excellent education. useless and yet we still need new buildings, from show that architecture is capable of communicat-
Beginning in the mid-1920s, after the turmoil that pole to pole, in the cold and in the heat. ing its own history, that it carries meaning while
followed the war, revolution and civil war, his ca- Man’s present areas of settlement are the new developing a contemporary dynamic of its own.
reer soared at almost meteoric speed as he took ecological system in which technology is indis- Scarpa’s layered architecture makes time-related
the lead in the young Soviet architecture move- pensable, even in hot and cold areas. ... sedimentation of material and content readable. It
ment with completely autonomous, highly artistic Our age requires buildings that are lighter, is especially at points of transition and joints that
buildings that were free from dogmatism of any more energy-saving, more mobile and more layering becomes an element that elucidates the
kind. Even more rapid than his rise to fame was adaptable, in brief more natural, without disre- tectonic and spatial qualities of the building.
his downfall: Treated with general hostility, he was garding the need for safety and security. In this book Anne-Catrin Schultz presents her
unable to defend himself against the accusation This logically leads to the further development research related to the phenomenon of layering in
of formalism when Stalin put an end to architec- of light constructions, to the building of tents, Scarpa’s architecture. Layering describes the phys-
tural ventures and experiments around the mid- shells, awnings and air-supported membranes. ical composition of built layers defining space while
1930s. He was expelled from the architects’ asso- It also leads to a new mobility and changeability. including the presence of cultural references and
ciation and was banned from practicing as an ar- A new understanding of nature is forming under associations.
chitect for the remaining four decades of his life. one aspect of high performance form (also called Scarpa’s work is an embodiment of multidimen-
In the late 1920s, at the peak of his career, he ›classical form‹), which unites aesthetic and ethi- sional layering and a focal point for architectural
had the opportunity to build a house for himself cal viewpoints. movements of this time that share a similar ap-
and his family in Moscow, in which he was then Tomorrow’s architecture will again be minimal proach. In most buildings, the principle of layering
able to live until the end of his life. This house, a architecture, an architecture of the self-education may be regarded as something that is part of the
memorable symbiosis of almost peasantlike sim- and self-optimization processes suggested by nature of construction. Functional conditions call
plicity and extreme radicalness, is one of the most human beings.« for separate planes, elements or »layers«, some of
impressive, surprising and probably most enig- (Frei Otto and Bodo Rasch in their foreword which provide the structure while others take care
matic works produced by 20th-century architec- of this book.) of the protection from weather and climate. How-
ture. Its simplicity is only outward; in reality this is In 1992 the Bavarian branch of the Deutscher ever, architectural layering goes beyond the mere
a highly complex work which links together the Werkbund awarded its first prize to Frei Otto, un- fulfillment of technical requirements – the principle
elements of architecture explicitly and inextricab- doubtedly the most successful and many-sided of layering may be used as formative method that
ly, which takes a clear and completely autono- protagonist of modern light construction, and allows elements of different origins to be combined
mous stand and which, in a way that little else with it a request to nominate a meritorious per- into a nonhierarchical whole. Layering is complex
has done, raises the question as to the nature of son to whom the prize could be passed on, and and creates references to our world at large.
genuinely architectonic thinking. In essayistic form to design a joint exhibition with that person. Frei The first part of the book examines Scarpa’s in-
the book attempts to follow the paths laid out in Otto chose his pupil Bodo Rasch, who had real- tellectual roots and puts them in perspective with
the architect’s work from the perspective of an ized Otto’s theories particularly in other cultures. relevant examples of architecture theory, such as
architect. Otto died on 9 March 2015; he was to be pub- Gottfried Semper’s theory of clothing. The second
Fritz Barth studied architecture in Stuttgart and licly announced as the winner of the 2015 Pritzker part displays an analysis of three projects, the
Zurich. He runs an architect’s practice in Fellbach Prize on 23 March, but his death meant the com- Castelvecchio and the Banca Popolare in Verona
near Stuttgart, teaches at the TU Darmstadt and mittee announced his award on 10 March. Otto and the Querini Foundation in Venice.
is the author of a series of books, including a stu- himself had been told earlier that he had won Anne-Catrin Schultz studied architecture in
dy on the iconography of 16th-century Italian gar- the prize by the executive director of the Pritzker Stuttgart and Florence. Following postdoctoral re-
dens (Die Villa Lante in Bagnaia, 2001), a mono- Prize, Martha Thorne. He was reported to have search at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
graph about the Bohemian Baroque master build- said: »I have never done anything to gain this ogy, she practiced for several years at Turnbull
er Johann Santini-Aichel (Santini, 2004) and a prize. Prize winning is not the goal of my life. Griffin Haesloop and Skidmore Owings & Merrill
study of the fortifications of Francesco di Giorgio I try to help poor people, but what shall I say in Francisco. She has taught at the University of
Martini (Martial Signifiers. Fortress Complexes by here – I am very happy.« California in Berkeley, the California College of the
Francesco di Giorgio Martini, 2011). Arts and the San Francisco City College in San
Available again Francisco. In 2013, she joined the faculty at Went-
worth Institute of Tech-nology to teach architec-
ture history and theory.
Available again
www.AxelMenges.de Work monographs 3
Hans Dieter Schaal, Landscape Architec- Martha Schwartz Partners – Landscape Irme Schaber
ture / Landschaftsarchitektur Art and Urbanism Gerda Taro – with Robert Capa as Photo-
With an introduction by Frank R. Werner and With texts by Marc Treib, Martha Schwartz, journalist in the Spanish Civil War
photographs by Peter C. Horn. 128 pp. with 104 Markus Jatsch and Edith Katz. 356 pp. with 156 pp. with 220 illus., 233 x 284,5 mm, hard-
illus., 280 x 300 mm, hard-cover, English/German 424 illus., 229 x 304 mm, hard-cover, English cover, English
ISBN 978-3-86905-003-4 ISBN 978-3-86905-011-9 ISBN 978-3-86905-013-3
Euro 39.90, £ 32.90, US $ 42.90 Euro 69.00, £ 59.00, US $ 76.00 Euro 59.00, £ 49.90, US $ 69.90
If there is a plateau that continuously unites Hans Martha Schwartz Partners (MSP) is a leading in- Paris in the summer of 1937. A giant funeral pro-
Dieter Schaal’s numerous artistic fields of activity, ternational design practice whose work focuses cession wends its way from the city center east-
a kind of fundamental level, then it is surely that of on activating and regenerating urban sites and ward toward the Père-Lachaise Cemetery, ac-
landscape architecture. Landscape motifs are as city centers. Situated at the intersection of pub- companied by the sounds of Chopin’s Marche
convincingly present in his stage sets as they are lic realm, urban design and site specific art, the funèbre. The photojournalist Gerda Taro had
in his installations, his exhibition architectures, his practice has over 35 years of experience design- been killed in the Spanish Civil War a few days
texts, and, naturally, also his park and garden de- ing and implementing installations, gardens, civic earlier. Thousands come to pay their last re-
signs. plazas, parks, institutional landscapes, corporate spects to the émigrée from Hitler’s Germany.
Schaal has been on the track of the fascina- headquarters, master plans, and urban regenera- The poet Louis Aragon speaks at the graveside,
tion of landscapes since the 1960s. For him, en- tion projects. MSP works with city leaders, plan- young girls hold up a large portrait of the de-
countering the parterre or »carpet patterns« of the ners and builders at a strategic level so as to ad- ceased. Why did the French Communist Party
baroque Herrenhäuser Gärten in Hannover was a vocate for the inclusion of the public landscape honor a foreigner – one who was not even a
key experience. This was followed by an intensive as a means to achieve environmental, econom- member of the Party – with a »first-class« burial?
study of the early landscape gardens of Great ic and social sustainability. With offices in Lon- Taro is considered one of the path-breaking
Britain, the park complexes of the Romantics and don, New York and Shanghai, the practice is en- pioneers of photography. She captured some of
the Enlightenment in Weimar, Wörlitz, and Mus- gaged in projects and consultation around the the most dramatic and widely published images
kau, and by studies of the garden art ideas and globe and has to date worked on projects in over of the Spanish Civil War and was the first female
philosophical implications that underpinned each 20 countries and five continents. photographer to shoot images in the midst of
of them. As a twice-over »Artist-in-Residence« at MSP has continually been recognized for its battle. Her willingness to work close to the fight-
the Villa Massimo in Rome, Schaal was also able contribution to the urban landscapes of the world ing set new standards for war photography and
to absorb the whole cosmos of Italian garden and and to the field of landscape architecture. The ultimately cost her her life. Taro stands alongside
park planning, from the Renaissance to the pre- firm has received many international award reco- early 20th-century war photographers like Robert
sent day. gnitions, including the American Society of Land- Capa and David »Chim« Seymour.
In 1978, Schaal published his first book, We- scape Architects Landmark and Honour Awards, Despite this, Gerda Taro has largely fallen in-
ge und Wegräume (Paths and Passages), today the British Association of Landscape Industries to oblivion, especially in comparison to her com-
considered a classic. Wege und Wegräume has Award in the Regeneration Category, the Chicago panion and lover Robert Capa. Whether gender
become required reading and an artistic leitmotif Athenaeum Award for Best New Global Design, and religion played a role in this would require a
for generations of landscape designers and ar- the Urban Land Institute Award for Excellence separate investigation. In any case, in her study
chitects. In 1994, a fourth Hans Dieter Schaal key and the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Award. of women resisting fascism, Ingrid Strobl comes
work appeared entitled Neue Landschaftsarchi- Martha Schwartz: »When we design, our big- to the conclusion that a combination such as
tektur / New Landscape Architecture. It proved to gest objective is to create environments that peo- woman-Communist-Jew represented a threefold
be among the late 20th century’s most compre- ple enjoy and come to love. We try to create en- stigma, and would almost guarantee Taro’s ex-
hensive studies of the topic of »landscape« in the vironments that people take pride in and are hap- clusion from official history, both in the East and
wider sense. Above all, it prompts an existential py to adopt these places that they live and work the West.
subjective excursus into all those spheres that in as part of their identity. If this happens, people It has been almost twenty years since the first
are inscribed into landscape beyond the profes- will strive to take care of it, maintain it and pre- biography of Gerda Taro, written by Irme Scha-
sional mainstream. Schaal was subsequently able serve it. People’s love of place is fundamental to ber, led to Taro’s rediscovery as a photographer.
to build a large number of spectacular »follies« sustainability. That is not to say we don’t work in Since that time, the detection of the »Mexican
and installations in gardens and parks. the most ecologically sound way. We work with Suitcase«, containing more than 800 of her pho-
From 1998 to 2014, he was finally able to actu- engineers, water specialists, horticulturists, soil tos – amongst them many which were thought
ally realise a whole city park, complete with artis- specialists in order to do our best in capturing to be Capa’s –, has made new research on Taro
tic installations: the Wielandpark in Biberach. The and recycling water, using planting that was indi- possible.
complex architectonic and artistic layout of this genous to the area and sourcing our materials lo- In this new, fully revised biography, now pub-
park embodies, as it were, the distilled essence cally. But having people feel pride about where lished for the first time also in English, Irme Scha-
of decades of working with the bridle paths at they live and feel they are living in a beautiful envi- ber presents groundbreaking insights regarding
the boundaries of landscape. ronment that they wish to protect and preserve is cameras, copyrights and the circumstances sur-
Frank R. Werner studied painting, architecture the big win.« rounding Taro’s death. The exact track of Taro’s
and architectural history in Mainz, Hanover and With a foreword by Marc Treib, professor of work also helps to shed light on Capa’s iconic
Stuttgart. From 1990 to 1994 he was professor architecture emeritus at the University of Califor- Fallen Soldier photo – but without solving its mys-
of history and theory of architecture at the Staat- nia in Berkeley), and an introduction by Martha tery.
liche Akademie der Bildenden Künste Stuttgart, Schwartz, this monograph is the first publication Irme Schaber studied cultural and art history
from 1994 until his retirement in 2011 he was to document 55 built projects and a selection of in Marburg. She lives as a freelance author and
director of the Institut für Architekturgeschichte master plans by this internationally acclaimed curator near Stuttgart. Documentary and war
und Architekturtheorie at the Bergische Univer- practice. photography, exile and cultural history, and pho-
sität in Wuppertal. Peter C. Horn is a trained ar- tographic art are the focus of her work. She be-
chitect. After working for several years in his orig- came known above all for her research work on
inal profession in South America, he now runs a Gerda Taro.
studio for architectural photography in Stuttgart.
4 Work monographs www.AxelMenges.de
Opus 16 Opus 65 Opus 80
Fundación César Manrique, Lanzarote Le Corbusier, Unité d’habitation, Marseille Oswald Mathias Ungers, Haus Belvedere-
With an introduction by Simón Marchán Fiz and With texts by Alban Janson and Carsten Krohn straße 60, Köln-Müngersdorf
photographs by Pedro Martínez de Albornoz. and photographs by Anja Grunwald. 80 pp. with With an essay by Wolfgang Pehnt and photo-
60 pp. with 52 illus. in b & w and colour, 280 x 80 illus., 280 x 300 mm, hard-cover, German / graphs by Walter Ehmann, Bernd Grimm, Dieter
300 mm, hard-cover, German / English / Spanish English Leistner and Stefan Müller. 64 pp. with 70 illus.,
ISBN 978-3-930698-16-5 ISBN 978-3-932565-65-6 280 x 300 mm, hard-cover, German / English
Euro 36.00, £ 24.00, US $ 44.50 Euro 39.00, £ 36.00, US $ 48.00 ISBN 978-3-932565-80-9
Euro 36.00, £ 29.00, US $ 39.90
Over the last decade the island of Lanzarote If there is one building by Le Corbusier that rep-
has become one of the favourite tourism desti- resents a synthesis of his basic concepts it is »A house is a representation of the idea of the
nations in the Canary Islands. However, our inter- certainly the Unité d’habitation built in Marseille world, of life, of existence.« For the Cologne ar-
est is more one of artistic than of touristic discov- in 1946–52. This built manifesto does not simply chitect Oswald Mathias Ungers (1926–2007),
ery, and this would be virtually unthinkable with- put forward a social model as a utopia, but also owner of a famous collection of books on archi-
out the work of an artist who fell in love with this the unity of architecture and town planning. It is tecture, who also repeatedly addressed the theo-
wonderful paradise. We refer to César Manrique one of the most significant buildings there has retical aspects of building, the construction of his
(1919–1992), who was able to see and reveal to even been, but it also triggered a great deal of own house, in 1958/59, was more than a private
us the unique beauties arising out of the happy controversy. The story of the response to it has adventure. For him it meant a chance to gain spa-
marriage of the four elements believed by the been recorded in order to investigate why this tial experience and explore what was possible. It
Greeks to form the whole of creation: air, earth, extremely ambitious project in particular should was a laboratory, »a little universe«, »a piece of
fire and water. have caused such a conflict between intention world«.
In fact, after returning to his island in 1968 and effect. In the course of his life, Ungers built himself
after a period spent in New York, Manrique de- The Unité d’habitation in Marseille is now very and his family no less than three houses, two in
dicated himself passionately to realizing his uto- popular with the people who live in it as a build- the Cologne suburb of Müngersdorf, one in the
pia, to renew Lanzarote out of his own sources. ing. Despite all the criticism, it obviously still of- Eifel highlands. Even the first house, to which this
Among Manrique’s best known works on Lan- fers functional advantages that make it easier for richly illustrated volume is dedicated, caused an
zarote are the Casa Museo del Campesino, the individuals and the community to live together. international sensation; it was considered to be
Jameos del Agua, the Mirador del Río, the Cac- The enormous sculptural force and the charac- an important example of so-called Brutalism. It
tus Garden and his own house in the Taro de teristic interplay of light and colour shown in the showed »everything I knew how to do at the
Tahíche. photographs make the building into a »personali- time«, Ungers wrote regarding the building. He
Manrique’s house in Taro de Tahíche, which ty« that can be identified with. wanted a house that enveloped and sheltered,
nowadays houses the César Manrique Founda- As well as this, the building also offers some- he wanted metamorphosis and transformation;
tion, can be considered as a »work in progress« thing special in terms of concrete spatial experi- architecture that was autonomous but at the
as it was built over a period of almost 25 years ence. In the age of a superficial »adventure soci- same time respected the genius loci. At the time,
and was still not completed upon the artist’s ety« it claims the intensity of an everyday experi- architects preferred to build their private homes
death. Arising out of the five interconnected vol- ence that is both casual and at the same time as freestanding bungalows in the countryside.
canic bubbles of the underground storey, it has complex, embracing all the senses. This extends Ungers, on the other hand, settled in a place
become a metaphor for the amorous meeting of from the reception in the imposing foyer to the where there were traces of the Roman past and
man with Mother Earth, the latter being under- »theatre« of figures on the roof terrace in the purchased a plot of land adjacent to an already
stood, to use Bruno Taut’s expression, as »a fine light of the landscape, from the inverted urban existing row of terraced houses.
home for living«. The spaces on the upper floor scenery of the promenade publique to twilight Three decades later, Ungers expanded the
can be virtually mistaken for the white cubic build- seclusion in the silent residential streets. And it cataract of forms of his first home by adding a
ings dispersed throughout the island. But when includes the flats themselves, which open up geometrically strict cube, intended to house his
we cross their thresholds, we have the unique expansively to draw in the sea and mountain library. The shock aesthetics of the early work had
feeling that here something was created which mood. Le Corbusier used his architectural re- evolved into the rigorous abstractness of his late
is really new. In fact, Manrique – enemy in equal sources atmospherically and scenically to give work. This building too – one of a kind, and in in-
measure of the »pastiche« of regionalism and the Unité d’habitation a succinct coherence that terplay with its predecessor – became a manifes-
the off-key International Style blind to differentia- also forms the basis for individual lives within to. It corresponded to the idea of a house as a
tion – sifted the vernacular with certain modern its rooms and spaces. Precise observation and small town and the town as a large house, an
filters such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Mies van der description reveal the mechanisms of these ef- idea that has run through European architectural
Rohe or Le Corbusier, and at the same time he fects. history since Alberti. In spite of all their differ-
gave it such a specific stamp that the final result All three authors are qualified architects. Until ences, the two contrasting formats make com-
became indigenous and unmistakeable. his retirement Alban Janson was professor of the mon cause. They show »a world full of contradic-
Simón Marchán Fiz is professor of aesthet- fundamentals of architecture at the Karlsruher tions, illusions and realities that reflects the entire
ics in Madrid. Like Marchán Fiz, Pedro Martínez Institut für Technology, Carsten Krohn lives and spectrum of the image of architecture, from the
de Albornoz lives in Madrid. The photographs works as an author in Berlin, and Anja Grunwald fiction to the reality of the function«. Today the
shown in this book are the best photographic is professor of architectural photography and house and the library are the seat of the UAA, the
interpretation of one of Manrique’s work up to typography at the Hochschule Karlsruhe – Tech- Ungers Archiv für Architekturwissenschaft, and
now. nik und Wirtschaft. open to the public.
Wolfgang Pehnt often visited Ungers. The author
Sixth edition Third, revised edition of an authoritative book about the architecture of
Expressionism, he profited by Ungers’ collection of
material back in the years when Ungers was still in-
terested in Expressionism. Thus he is familiar with
the house in all its details. As portrayed by him, the
history of the house gives access to the impressive
œuvre of a great German architect.
www.AxelMenges.de Opus 5
Opus 81 Opus 84 Kurt Brandle
Carlo Scarpa, Museo di Castelvecchio, Parc de sculptures Erich Engelbrecht, Architecture as Embodiment of Function
Verona Château des Fougis in Form
With texts by Alba Di Lieto, Paola Marini and Va- With essays by Gottfried Knapp and João J. 112 pp. with 120 illus., 233 x 284,5 mm, hard-
leria Carullo, and photographs by Richard Bryant. de Abreu Vares and photographs by Philippe cover, English
52 pp. with 43 illus., 280 x 300 mm, hard-cover, Hervouet. 60 pp. with 46 illus., 280 x 300 mm, ISBN 978-3-86905-021-8
Italian / English hard-cover, French / English Euro 49.90, £ 42.90, US $ 58.90
ISBN 978-3-932565-81-6 ISBN 978-3-932565-84-7
Euro 36.00, £ 29.90, US $ 39.90 Euro 36.00, £ 29.90, US $ 39.90 The aspects surrounding form and function, es-
pecially those Louis Sullivan has touched on and
During the 1960s Italy’s museum sector witnessed In their sculptural works, artists have always described, have given rise to over a century of
a fertile period of renewal. A generation of archi- broken out of the workshop or studio and into controversies. Many have not been settled and
tects, working in partnership with the directors of open-air spaces. After all, the place where demand rethinking again and again in response
museums, set about transforming into exhibition sculptures are best able to show their three-di- to newly developed understanding. Even the
spaces a number of ancient monumental complex- mensional quality is in an open space not en- slight change of »function« in »form follows func-
es located in the historic centres of some of the closed by walls and ceiling, in which all flows tion« to »functions« raises a host of questions,
most important Italian cities. Among these was the of power and movement can have free rein. not to speak of addressing in depth the ambi-
brilliant and solitary Venetian architect Carlo Scarpa However, because public spaces offer only very guity of »follows«.
who revitalised the discipline of museography by limited possibilities for sculpture development, The book addresses recently evolved under-
sagaciously combining it with restoration. His lucid sculpture parks have been developed almost standing and expands upon. A problem here,
intervention at Verona’s Museo di Castelvecchio is everywhere in the world where artists can work as in most discussions within complexity, is the
emblematic of this approach: the medieval castle, without restrictive conditions. meaning of the key terms as typically used. They
the museum of ancient art, and modern architec- During his search for a place in France where require clarity to advance successful communi-
ture all harmoniously coexisting in a monument lo- he could present his large sculptures, Erich En- cation. The definitions in this book on embodi-
cated at the heart of a city designated a UNESCO gelbrecht discovered in 2000 the open, mead- ment, function and form are pragmatically de-
World Heritage Site. ow-like land, with the château tucked into a rived from broad experiences with the design of
The far-sighted choice of Scarpa was owed to piece of forest behind it. This open space, pic- architecture: why it is, what it is and what it does.
the then director of the museum, Licisco Maga- turesquely framed by groups of trees, was pre- This threefold tenet and justification of archi-
gnato, who tenaciously argued the case for the ap- cisely what he had imagined. And the fact that tecture is brought in the open by a highly diverse
pointment of an architect specialising in this field to a château was waiting for its new owner at the sequence of numerous built examples. Each has
work on the city’s principal museum of ancient art. end of this tract of land made this discovery a embodiment of human needs and desires, or it
In his work on the Castelvecchio, carried out at stroke of luck rarely experienced by anyone in could rightly not be called architecture. Some of
a significant point in his career, Scarpa attained a general, and almost never by artists in particular. the embodiment is obvious, some is not. What-
remarkable balance between various aesthetic ele- His monumental sculptures that dominate the ever is the case, the connections made between
ments that is particularly evident in the sculpture landscape have given Erich Engelbrecht a place the ideas about need or desire and the physical
gallery, where the renovations harmonise with the in the history of modern sculpture. His method properties, which constitute buildings, are what
power of the 14th-century Veronese works exhibit- of drawing images plastically in the space, and we take as functional relations. They are not all
ed in this section of the museum. One of the most of using these drawings transformed into solid what function is, but they are at the center to
striking details – extraordinarily rich in historical bodies to occupy whole landscapes, is unparal- bring it about.
and symbolic significance – is the location of the leled. The enigma balanced between represen- There happens twofold embodiment as proc-
equestrian statue of Cangrande I della Scala, an tationality and the abstract, the multiplicity of ess. On one hand it is the transformative action
exceptional medieval sculpture of the famous Lord meaning, which invites freely poetic titles, is es- to find properties which fulfill the needs and de-
of Verona. For the presentation of this work – a sential to the unique charm of Erich Engelbrecht’s sires. On the other hand it is the emergence of
symbol of the city and its museum – the architect visual work. In the park of Château des Fougis, feeling from our thinking bodies evoked by these
conceived a backdrop of great poetry, drawing the 29 of these artworks, at once plainly revealing properties during the design or the experience of
visitor’s attention to its historical stratifications and and mystifying, communicate with each other in architecture, calling for judgment. To show this
simultaneously creating an exemplary essay in such a relaxed way that visitors are prompted to duality abundantly and in detail is what the book
modern architecture. think and to enjoy. One strolls through a garden is about. Crucially, it also reveals the significance
The book is introduced with a text by Alba Di of poetic artworks, through a park of beautiful of form as reality and evidence.
Lieto, the architect of Verona’s art museums, a riddles and silent secrets. There has been noth- Finally the text elaborates on the implications
scholar of Scarpa’s drawings, and the author of ing comparable to this in Europe since the gar- of aesthetics in all of this, with one of the sur-
monographs on his work. She describes the ar- dens of Italian Mannerism. prises being the fact that the aesthetic may not
chitect’s renovation and locates it in the context Gottfried Knapp works as an editor in the feuil- be only result to acknowledge but also function
of Italy’s architectural panorama. leton of the Süddeutsche Zeitung in the fields of art, to start with. Overall, the purpose of the book is
The essay is followed by a brief history of the architecture and film. Of his numerous works on to provide a workable understanding of embodi-
castle by Paola Marini, who was the director of artistic and architectural topics, six have been pub- ment, function and form through the ways they
Verona’s art museums and monuments for 22 lished by Edition Axel Menges. João J. de Abreu hang together.
years. In 2015 she has taken on a new role as di- Vares, a graduated architect, advised Erich Engel- Kurt Brandle is professor emeritus of archi-
rector of the Gallerie dell’Accademia in Venice. brecht on the installation of the sculpture park and, tecture at the University of Michigan. He studied
Valeria Carullo, curator of the The Robert Elwall together with his wife Sarah Engelbrecht, he as- at the Technische Hochschule Stuttgart and the
Photographs Collection in the RIBA British Archi- sists the artist’s widow in the care of her husband’s Technische Universität Berlin, and graduated
tectural Library, writes about her experience assist- inheritance. After studying art history and photog- from the latter with diploma and doctoral degree.
ing Bryant when he photographed the castle. raphy Phillipe Hervouet was commissioned to par- His work in practice, research, teaching and writ-
Richard Bryant is one of the best-known archi- ticipate in the care of the cultural heritage of the ing concentrated on building systems, environ-
tectural photographers, working all over the world. Ain department. He also actively contributes to mental controls and energy conservation. Out of
He and Hélène Binet are the only photographers to the artistic inventory of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes this involvement emerged over the past decade
have been awarded a RIBA Honorary Fellowship region. He teaches photography at the Université his heightened interest to make issues of mean-
of the Royal Institute of British Architects. Jean Monnet in Saint-Étienne. ing in architecture as explicit as possible.
Spring 2020
6 Opus / History and theory www.AxelMenges.de
Burcu Dogramaci and Andreas Schätzke (eds.) Avi Friedman Stefan Koppelkamm
A Home of One’s Own – Emigrierte Archi- Innovative Apartment Buildings – New The Imaginary Orient – Exotic Buildings
tekten und ihre Häuser / Émigré Archi- Directions in Sustainable Design of the 18th and 19th Centuries in Europe
tects and Their Houses, 1920–1960 233 x 284,5 mm, 188 pp. with 300 illus., hard- 192 pp. with 280 illus., 242 x 297,5 mm, hard-
204 pp. with 126 illus., 233 x 284,5 mm, hard- cover, English cover, English
cover, German/English ISBN 978-3-86905-009-6 ISBN 978-3-936681-77-2
ISBN 978-3-86905-008-9 Euro 69.00, £ 59.90, US $ 79.00 Euro 68.00, £ 59.90, US $ 78.00
Euro 69.00, £ 59.90, US $ 79.00
Current design of apartment buildings is facing In the 18th century the idea of the landscape gar-
When architects design a house for themselves, challenges of philosophy and form. Past ap- den, which had originated in England, spread all
the often tense relationship between clients and proaches no longer sustain new demands and over Europe. The geometry of the Baroque park
builders is usually absent. That is why in many require innovative thinking. The need for a new was abandoned in favour of a »natural« design.
such buildings the architect-designer’s artistic outlook is propelled by fundamental changes that At the same time the garden became the »land of
stance and political position, preferences and an- touch upon environmental, economic, cultural illusion«: Chinese pagodas, Egyptian tombs and
tipathies, temperament and character are more and social aspects that led to the writing of this Turkish mosques, along with Gothic stables and
pronounced than usual. Moreover the architec- book. Greek and Roman temples, formed a miniature
tural theories, debates and trends of an epoch The depletion of non-renewable natural re- world in which distance mingled with the past.
also leave their traces in them in a particular way. sources and climate change are a few of the en- The keen interest in a fairy-tale China, which
We encounter both attachment to tradition and vironmental challenges that prompted designers was manifested not only in the gardens but al-
commitment to the avant-garde, willingness to to reconsider conceptual approaches in favour so in the chinoiseries of the Rococo, abated in
experiment and pragmatism, distinctive artistry of ones that promote a better suitability between the 19th century. The increasing expansion of the
and views shaped by the fact that a building is buildings and their environments. Concepts that European colonial powers was reflected in new
also a product of engineering. And last but not minimize the building’s carbon footprint, passive exotic fashions. While in England it was primarily
least, expressed in their houses are the personal solar gain, net-zero structures and water harvest- the conquest of the Indian subcontinent that cap-
life circumstances of the people concerned, or ing system are some of the contemporary strate- tured the imagination, for France the occupation
the messages the houses are meant to convey gies that architects and builders are integrating of Algiers triggered an Orient-inspired fashion
above and beyond their actual purpose: as a into their thought processes and design. that spread from Paris to encompass the entire
»manifesto«, as the »self-portrait« of the archi- Increasing costs of material, labour, land and Continent and found its expression in paintings,
tect, but also as an advertising tool or as a sign infrastructure have posed economic challenges novels, operas and buildings. This »Orient«, which
of connection to specific milieus or positions. with affordability being paramount among them. could not be clearly defined geographically, was
Building for oneself has a special connota- The need to do with less brings about concepts characterised by Islamic culture: It extended
tion under the conditions of migration and exile. that include adaptable dwellings, and smaller- around the Mediterranean Sea from Constan-
Among the most prominent examples are the sized yet quality-designed housing. Social chal- tinople to Granada. There, it was the Alhambra
private homes of Rudolph Schindler in West lenges are also drawing attention. As the »ba- that fascinated writers and architects.
Hollywood (1921/1922), Richard Neutra in Los by-boom« generation plans now for retirement, The Islamic styles seemed especially appropri-
Angeles (1932), Walter Gropius in Lincoln, Mas- housing an elderly population will take priority. ate for »buildings of a secular and cheerful char-
sachusetts (1937/1938), Ernst May near Nairobi Walkable communities, aging in place, live-work acter«. In contrast to ancient Egyptian building
(1937/1938), Bruno Taut in Istanbul (1937/1938), residences, and multigenerational living are some forms, which, being severe and monumental,
Ernö Goldfinger in London (1937–1939), Marcel of the concepts considered. were preferably used for cemetery buildings, pris-
Breuer in New Canaan, Connecticut (1947/1948 The book offers information on contemporary ons or libraries, they promised earthly sensuous
and 1951), Josep Lluís Sert in Lattingtown, New design concepts and illustrates them with plans pleasures. The promise of happiness associated
York (1947–1950) and Max Cetto in Mexico City and photographs of outstanding international ex- with an Orient staged by architectural means was
(1948/1949). amples. intended to guarantee the commercial success of
What expression could voluntary migration or Avi Friedman received his Bachelor’s degree coffeehouses and music halls, amusement parks
forced change of location find in these buildings? in architecture and town planning from the Israel and steam baths.
To what extent do the architects’ other buildings Institute of Technology, his Master’s degree from But even extravagant summer residences and
differ from such »homes of one’s own« in a for- McGill University, and his Doctorate from the Uni- middle-class villas were often built in faux-Orien-
eign country, to use an expression borrowed and versity of Montréal. He co-founded the Affordable tal styles: In Brighton, the Prince Regent George
modified from Virginia Woolf? Homes Program at the McGill School of Architec- (George IV after 1820) built himself an Indian pal-
The book is a collection of contributions by in- ture where he teaches. He also holds an Honor- ace; in Bad Cannstatt near Stuttgart, a »moorish«
ternationally renowned authors and examines not ary Professor position in Lancaster University in refuge was erected for Württemberg’s King Wil-
only the buildings themselves but also other as- the U.K. Avi is known for his housing innovation helm I; and the French town of Tourcoing was
pects of the topic that have hitherto received little and is the author of 18 books. He is the principal the site of the Palais du Congo, a bombastic vil-
attention. of Avi Friedman Consultants Inc. and the reci- la in the Indian Moghul style that belonged to a
Burcu Dogramaci teaches art history at the pient of numerous awards including the Life Time wealthy perfume and soap manufacturer.
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich. Her re- Achievement Award from Sustainable Buildings Stefan Koppelkamm studied at the Gesamt-
search focuses on exile and migration, and 20th- Canada and the World Habitat Award. In 2000 he hochschule in Kassel, and after a longer stay in
century and contemporary art and architecture. was selected by Wallpaper magazine as one of the USA he now lives in Berlin and teaches com-
Architectural historian Andreas Schätzke teaches ten people from around the world »most likely to munication design at the Kunsthochschule Ber-
at the Hochschule Wismar. Among his key re- change the way we live«. lin-Weißensee. Since the publication of his book
search areas are 20th-century architecture and Gewächshäuser und Wintergärten im 19. Jahrhun-
urban development, and migration and cultural dert (Stuttgart, 1981), he has repeatedly engaged
transfer in the field of architecture and the visual with historic and current aspects of architecture.
arts.
www.AxelMenges.de History and theory 7
Hans-Ulrich von Mende Hans Dieter Schaal Anne Catrin Schultz (ed.)
Car Design – Von der Kutsche zur Auto- Auf der Suche nach verlorenen Para- Real and Fake in Architecture – Close
Mobilität / From the Carriage to Auto- diesen to the Original, Far from Authenticity?
Mobility 256 pp. with 150 illus., 210 x 247.5 mm, hard- With contributions by Tom van Arman, Dan Hi-
152 pp. with 440 illus., 233 x 287,5 mm, hard- cover, German sel, Nicole Lambrou, Christina Lanzl, Eric Lum,
cover, German / English ISBN 978-3-86905-017-1 Jennifer Lee Michaliszyn, Anne Catrin Schultz,
ISBN 978-3-86905-010-2 Euro 69.00, £ 59.90, US $ 78.00 Karen Seong, Ingrid Strong, Kemo Usto, and
Euro 49.90, £ 42.90, US $ 58.90 Justin Vigilanti.
The fact that the entire history of culture and 240 pp. with 300 illus., 233 x 284.5 mm, hard-
If laziness is the mother of all inventions, then the technology could represent a single, continuous cover, English
car is its masterpiece. The earliest means of lo- expulsion of mankind from the original, paradisal ISBN 978-3-86905-018-8
comotion was walking, followed by riding on hor- state of nature was already described visionari- Euro 69.00, £ 59.90, US $ 78.00
ses or camels; finally, with the invention of the ly in the Bible and predicted with all its positive
wheel, came the ability to use carriages, which and negative consequences. Everyone knows The condition of »fake« and »real« in architec-
not only made locomotion far more comfortable the story of Adam and Eve, of their »Fall« and ture is rarely publicly discussed nor has it en-
but also brought the transportation of goods to a their »Expulsion from Paradise«. Even as a non- countered broad journalistic or scholarly atten-
whole new level. However, it then took millennia Christian it is worth taking a look at the fairytale- tion. This book explores the realm of truth, au-
for carriages to go from being propelled by hor- like-mythic text of the Old Testament, although thenticity and fakery in architecture, providing
ses or oxen to engines, initially steam-driven, the picture and the process completely contra- a timely collection of analytical essays and pro-
then propelled by internal combustion engines dict our current scientific findings. jects. Photographers, writers and architects
and early experiments with electric propulsion. One would almost be inclined to assume that share their understanding and speculations
Cars were initially the result of pure craftsman- the idea of a primeval paradise is innate in all about a broad range of spaces and concepts –
ship, and as passenger cars were based on the human beings and that every human being with all searching for common ground between real
concept of the carriage. The assembly line had his becoming, his birth, his childhood and his and imagined, function and story.
not entirely abandoned the carriage look, but al- adulthood experiences something like a Gene- The authors challenge our perception of »au-
ready showed a typical automobile profile: equal- sis. He is born innocent and helpless, wakes thenticity« through the examination of built and
sized wheels, engine bonnet, passenger com- up, looks around, believes to be free, gets to simulated environments, architectural fiction,
partment. The predominant body colour of cars know his time, his surroundings, his life. The theatric illusions and mannerist trickery. They
manufactured between 1910 and 1930 was black, final expulsion of every human being from life examine the notion that the principle of Sulli-
while all makes of car had an almost uniform ap- is his death. He is sentenced to death. van’s »form follows function« contains a paradox
pearance. As manufacturers moved away from Despite all religious promises, man has always caused by the ambiguity and complexity of ar-
metal-panelled wooden frames to an all-steel been aware of the fact that he has only this one chitectural expression. Buildings are perceived
design, they hesitantly ventured to adopt new life and that he ultimately cannot count on the through an individual’s personal experiences
forms. Improved undercarriages and higher en- hope that beyond this life there is something that while also being interpreted along broader cul-
gine performance were initially limited by air re- could be called »salvation«, a happy return to tural values. The works shown reveal that under
sistance, which above a speed of 60 kilometres the Garden of Eden. As the book shows with scrutiny, any built environment harbors both, re-
per hour is the strongest of all driving resistances. numerous, primarily European examples, the his- veals moments of truth, deception and ambigui-
This led to the development of new body shapes tory of man is therefore full of efforts to regain ty – all of it partially in the eye of the beholder.
that offer less resistance to the airstream. here and now the lost paradise, no matter how The diverse contributions shed light on unex-
Engineers still determined the form of the car, precarious the result may be. pected identities in architecture inviting critical
sometimes even achieving formal elegance. It In search of the lost paradises: a somewhat thought about our built environment – analog
was only rarely that members of other profes- unusual history of man in his relationship to na- and digital.
sions, such as the architects Le Corbusier or ture, followed by a description of the current The goal of this publication goes beyond un-
Walter Gropius, were commissioned to design state of landscape planning and garden design. masking deception in architecture, it aims at
a car. Between the two World Wars North Ameri- In the concluding part of the book, the author unfolding time-lines and revealing the layered
ca had the world’s largest fleet of cars; this also develops new, strangely surreal and poetic con- nature of people and places. The images and
meant that their design became an increasingly cepts of the treatment of nature, inspired by essays reveal our contemporary condition and
important sales factor. Professsional automobile literature, film, theatre and tourism. let collective and individual narratives unfold, a
design was established. As they continued to de- Hans Dieter Schaal, born in Ulm in 1943, is range of truths in themselves. Expanding from
velop technically, cars in the 1950s moved further an architect, landscape architect, stage designer the discussion about truthful materiality and tec-
and further away from the physically logical form and exhibition designer. His works, the majority tonics, this book provides an understanding of
of a moving body. One of the last – and most of which have been published by Edition Axel real, authentic, and fake in urbanism and archi-
outstanding – examples of a form with optimum Menges, have meanwhile reached an audience tecture.
resistance to the airstream is the Citroën ID/DS far beyond his homeland. The author lives and Anne-Catrin Schultz studied architecture in
of 1955. Others, indeed almost all, opted for works in a village near Biberach an der Riss. Stuttgart and Florence. Following post-doctoral
the pure symbolism of speed and power, whose research at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
most important ingredients were tail fins and noloy in Boston, she worked for several years
chrome. Today, with a global annual production with Turnbull Griffin Haesloop and Skidmore,
of close to 100 million passenger cars, automo- Owings & Merrill in San Francisco. While devel-
tive style has come to be represented by a wide oping her own practice, she has taught at the
range of almost every imaginable form. University of California in Berkeley, the Califor-
Architect Hans-Ulrich von Mende has worked nia College of the Arts and the Academy of Arts
with partners in an independent practice since University in San Francisco. In 2013 she joined
1990. For 50 years his writings and drawings the Department of Architecture at Wentworth
on automotive design have appeared in books, Institute of Technology in Boston.
trade journals (mot, autobild) and the daily press
(Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zei- Spring 2020
tung).
8 History and Theory www.AxelMenges.de
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