Effect of Aqueous Garlic (Ag) Extract on Aspirin Induced Gastric Mucosal Lesion in Albino Wistar Rats.
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Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences 1(2): 15-19, 2009
ISSN: 2041-0778
© M axwell Scientific Organization, 2009
Submit Date: 2009 June, 09 Accepted Date: 2009 July, 15 Published Date: 2009 August, 24
Effect of Aqueous Garlic (Ag) Extract on Aspirin Induced Gastric
Mucosal Lesion in Albino Wistar Rats.
M.A. M abrouk, F.I. Nnawo du, Y. Tanko, F. Dawud and A . Mohammed
Departm ent of Human Ph ysiology , Facu lty of Medicine,A hmadu Bello University , Zaria, Nigeria
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous garlic (AG) extract on aspirin induced
gastric mucosal lesion. It was carried out on 72 albino Wistar rats. Animals were divided into two groups.
Gastric ulcer group (n=36) and gastric secretion group (n=36). Each group was subdivided into control (n=16)
and study groups (n=18). Control group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups including (1) Oral distilled
water subgroup (n=6); (2) Oral aspirin (150mg/kg) subgroup (n=6) and (3) Oral AG extract (150mg/kg)
subgroup (n=6).The study group was also subdivided into (1) Oral aspirin (150mg/Kg) + AG extract
(150mg/kg) subgroup(n=6); (2) Oral aspirin (150mg/Kg) + AG extract(300mg/kg) subgroup(n=6) and (3)Oral
aspirin(150 mg/kg) + Cemitidine(50mg /kg) I.P subgrou p((n=6).A ll groups were fasted for 36 hours before
pyloric ligation. Gastric secretions were collected, centrifuged and analysed.Gastric ulcer parameters were also
studied for gastric ulcer group. There was significant decrease(pCurr. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 1(2): 15-19, 2009
overnight. It was then filtered with a Whatman filter paper Preventive index = U.I control – U.I. treated x 100
(size 1) and filtrate was evaporated to dryness in an oven U.I. treated group
at 40/C.The residue obtained was then used as the
aqueous extrac t. % of ulceration =
number of ulcerated rat – number of non ulcerated rat x 100
Experimental design: Number of rat in group
A: Gastric ulcer groups (n=36)
I– Control (n=18) classified as follows: Collection of gastric secretion by pyloric ligation (Shay
et al., 1945): The animals were fasted for 36 hours in
a Plain control (n=6) given orally distilled water separate cages with raised wide w ire mesh to avoid
(5mls/Kg) body weight. coprophagia (Basso et al., 1983), but with water given ad
b Aspirin control (n=6) given orally aspirin (150mg/kg) libitum as in gastric ulcer group. After administration of
body weight. drugs to anim als one hour later (Abdelaziz et al., 2006)
c Aqueous garlic (AG) extract control (n=6) given and under anesthesia by Katamine hydrochloride 50m g/kg
orally at a dose of 15 0mg /kg bo dy w eight. I.P. abdominal wall was opened, the pylorus identified,
ligated and abdomen was then closed. After 4 hours, the
II– Study group (n=18) classified as follows: animals euthanized by chloroform anesthesia, abdomen
opened again, stomachs ligated from esophageal opening
a Aspirin (150mg/kg) + AG extract (150mg/Kg) body and removed, opened at greater curvature, gastric juice
weight (n=6) orally. collected and centrifuged for studying of gastric secretion
b Aspirin (150mg/kg) + AG extract (300mg/kg) body parame ters including volume in (ml), titritable acidity,
weight (n=6) orally. Meq/L, titritable acid output M Eq/h and p roteoly tic
c Aspirin (150mg/kg) orally + Cemitidine (50mg/kg) activity b y pep sin concen tration (m g 1m l)
body weight I.P. (Abdelaziz et al., 2006). (n=6 ).
Determination of titratable acidity (D everport, 1972):
B: Gastric secretion group s (n=36) 0.2ml of centrifuged gastric juice was titrated using
I– Control (n=18) classified as follows: phenol red as an indicator with end point at 7.0pH against
0.01 NaOH .Titratable acidity was calculated in Meq/L.
a Plain control (n=6) given orally distilled water
(5mls/Kg) body weight. Total titratable acid output Meq/L amount of NaOH
b Aspirin control (n=6) given orally aspirin (150mg/kg) that neutralize 1 00m g of ga stric juice.
body weight.
Determination of Proteolytic activity (Hawk et al.,
d Aqueous garlic (AG) extract control (n=6) given 1960): 0.2ml of centrifuged gastric juice + 3 ml of casein
orally at a dose of 15 0mg /kg bo dy w eight. 3% for each rat test and blank. Then 10ml of 6%
trichloracetic acid added to blank to stop enzyme activity.
II– Study group (n=18) classified as follows: Both blank and test tubes incu bated in wa ter bath with
temperature 37/C for 30 minutes .Then 10ml of
d Aspirin (150mg/kg)+AG extract (150mg/Kg) body trichloracetic acid added to test tubes, shaken well and
weight (n=6) orally. f i lt e r e d . P r o t e o ly t i c a c ti v i ty d et er m in e d
e Aspirin (150mg/kg)+AG extract (300mg/kg) body spectromo tometrically by optical density measured at
weight (n=6) orally. 280 W.L.
f Aspirin (150mg/kg) orally+Cemitidine (50mg/kg)
body weight I.P.(Abdelaziz et al., 2006). (n=6 ). Statistical analysis: All data were presented as mean ±
SEM .The data were analyzed by one way analysis of
Induction of gastric ulcer: The an imals we re fasted for variance (ANOV A).The Dunnett’s post-hoc test was used
36 hours in separate cag es with raised w ide wire mesh to to determine d ifferences betw een the groups. V alues of
avoid coprophagia (Basso et al., 1983), but with water pCurr. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 1(2): 15-19, 2009
Tab le 1: Ga stric se c r etion par a me te rs in c ontr ol ( di st il le d w ater), aspirin (150mg/kg) group. W hen com pared with aspirin
(150mg/kg) and garlic extract (150mg/kg) orally.
Group (150mg/Kg) + Cemitidine (50mg/kg) there was also a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- significant decrease (pCurr. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 1(2): 15-19, 2009
in mucosal membrane lipid peroxidation and mucosal Abdel-Wahab, M.A. and S.E. Ali ,2003. Antioxidants and
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(Moriel et al., 2000 ). Extracts of fresh garlic contain anti- Akimoto, M., H. Hashimoto, M. Shigemoto and I.
oxidant phytoche micals that prevent oxidants damage Yakoyama, 1998. Relationship between recurrence of
(Kalayarasan et al., 2008). These include unique water gastric ulcer and th e mic rocircu lation. J.
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Andrew H.S., M.W. Wilfred, K. John, and D.
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M cCarthy,1991. Non steroidal Anti-inflammatory
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seems that aqueous garlic extract protect gastric mucosa Bases of Therapeutics. 11 th Edn., McGraw Co. Inco.,
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radicals and inhibition of H cl secre tion. Th ese results Deverport, H.W ., 1972. The gastric mucosal barrier. J.
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Helicobacter pylori infection and non steroidal anti
antioxidant com pounds p resent in AG extract play
inflamma tory drugs in peptic ulcer. Ameta-A nalysis.
protective role against the production of reactive oxygen
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