Emergency Medicine Milestones - The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education - ACGME

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Emergency Medicine Milestones - The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education - ACGME
Emergency Medicine Milestones
                                         The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education

                                                                 Implementation Date: July 1, 2021
                                                                  Second Revision: February 2021
                                                                   First Revision: December 2012

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
Emergency Medicine Milestones

The Milestones are designed only for use in evaluation of residents in the context of their participation in
ACGME-accredited residency programs. The Milestones provide a framework for the assessment of the
development of the resident in key dimensions of the elements of physician competence in a specialty or
subspecialty. They neither represent the entirety of the dimensions of the six domains of physician competency,
nor are they designed to be relevant in any other context.

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            I
Emergency Medicine Milestones

                                                                                 Work Group
                             Michael Beeson, MD                                                                  Douglas McGee, DO, FACEP
                              Wallace Carter, MD                                                                         Tiffany Murano, MD
                    Robert Cooney, MD, MSMedEd                                                                           Donald Phillips, DO
                          Laura Edgar, EdD, CAE                                                                             Hope Ring, MD
                              Jo Anna Leuck, MD                                                                             Ryan Starr, DO
                              Valerie Lober, PhD

The ACGME would like to thank the following organizations for their continued support in the
development of the Milestones:

                                                       American Board of Emergency Medicine
                                                      Association of American Medical Colleges
                                           Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine
                                                    Emergency Medicine Residents’ Association
                                                    Review Committee for Emergency Medicine

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            II
Understanding Milestone Levels and Reporting

This document presents the Milestones, which programs use in a semi-annual review of resident performance, and then report to
the ACGME. Milestones are knowledge, skills, attitudes, and other attributes for each of the ACGME Competencies organized in a
developmental framework. The narrative descriptions are targets for resident performance throughout their educational program.

Milestones are arranged into levels. Tracking from Level 1 to Level 5 is synonymous with moving from novice to expert resident in
the specialty or subspecialty. For each reporting period, the Clinical Competency Committee will review the completed evaluations
to select the milestone levels that best describe each learner’s current performance, abilities, and attributes for each
subcompetency.

These levels do not correspond with post-graduate year of education. Depending on previous experience, a junior resident may
achieve higher levels early in his/her educational program just as a senior resident may be at a lower level later in his/her
educational program. There is no predetermined timing for a resident to attain any particular level. Residents may also regress in
achievement of their milestones. This may happen for many reasons, such as over scoring in a previous review, a disjointed
experience in a particular procedure, or a significant act by the resident.

Selection of a level implies the resident substantially demonstrates the milestones in that level, as well as those in lower levels
(see the diagram on page vi).

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            iii
Additional Notes

Level 4 is designed as a graduation goal but does not represent a graduation requirement. Making decisions about readiness for
graduation and unsupervised practice is the purview of the program director. Furthermore, Milestones 2.0 include revisions and
changes that preclude using Milestones as a sole assessment in high-stakes decisions (i.e., determination of eligibility for
certification or credentialing). Level 5 is designed to represent an expert resident whose achievements in a subcompetency are
greater than the expectation. Milestones are primarily designed for formative, developmental purposes to support continuous
quality improvement for individual learners, education programs, and the specialty. The ACGME and its partners will continue to
evaluate and perform research on the Milestones to assess their impact and value.

Examples are provided for some milestones within this document. Please note: the examples are not the required element or
outcome; they are provided as a way to share the intent of the element.

Some milestone descriptions include statements about performing independently. These activities must occur in conformity to
ACGME supervision guidelines as described in the Program Requirements, as well as to institutional and program policies. For
example, a resident who performs a procedure independently must, at a minimum, be supervised through oversight.

A Supplemental Guide is also available to provide the intent of each subcompetency, examples for each level, assessment
methods or tools, and other available resources. The Supplemental Guide, like examples contained within the Milestones, is
designed only to assist the program director and Clinical Competency Committee, and is not meant to demonstrate any required
element or outcome.

Additional resources are available in the Milestones section of the ACGME website. Follow the links under “What We Do” at
www.acgme.org.

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            iv
The diagram below presents an example set of milestones for one sub-competency in the same format as the ACGME
         Report Worksheet. For each reporting period, a resident’s performance on the milestones for each sub-competency will be
         indicated by selecting the level of milestones that best describes that resident’s performance in relation to those milestones.

                         Selecting a response box in the                                 Selecting a response box on the line in
                         middle of a level implies that                                  between levels indicates that milestones
                         milestones in that level and in lower                           in lower levels have been substantially
                         levels have been substantially                                  demonstrated as well as some
                         demonstrated.                                                   milestones in the higher level(s).

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            v
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Patient Care 1: Emergency Stabilization

 Level 1                           Level 2                             Level 3                           Level 4                          Level 5
 Detects when a patient’s          Identifies a patient who is        Identifies a patient with          Ascertains, in a timely
 vital signs are abnormal          unstable and requires              occult presentation that is        fashion, when further
                                   immediate intervention             at risk for instability or         clinical intervention for a
                                                                      deterioration                      patient is futile

 Assesses a patient’s              Addresses the unstable             Reassesses the patient’s           Integrates hospital              Manages patients with
 ABCs and performs                 vital signs and initiates          status after                       support services into            rare or complex
 basic interventions               advanced resuscitation             implementing a stabilizing         the management of                presentations requiring
                                   procedures and protocols           intervention                       critically-ill or -injured       emergency stabilization
                                                                                                         patients

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            1
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Patient Care 2: Performance of a Focused History and Physical Exam

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                           Level 5
 Elicits and                       Elicits and communicates           Prioritizes essential              Using all potential               Models the effective use
 communicates a reliable           a focused patient history          components of a patient            sources of data, gathers          of a patient history and
 comprehensive patient             and performs a focused             history and physical               those that are necessary          physical exam to
 history and performs a            physical exam that                 exam, given a limited or           for the beneficial                minimize the need for
 physical exam                     effectively address the            dynamic circumstance               management of patients            further diagnostic testing
                                   patient’s chief complaint
                                   and urgent issues

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            2
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Patient Care 3: Diagnostic Studies

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Determines the need for           Selects appropriate                Given a limited or                 Practices cost-effective         Proposes alternatives
 diagnostic studies                diagnostic studies and             dynamic circumstance,              ordering of diagnostic           when barriers exist to
                                   reviews the risks,                 prioritizes the diagnostic         studies                          specific diagnostic studies
                                   benefits, and                      studies that are essential
                                   contraindications of them

 Demonstrates                      Interprets results of              Orders and performs                Considers the factors            In the context of the
 understanding of                  diagnostic testing (e.g.,          diagnostic testing,                that impact post-test            patient presentation,
 diagnostic testing                electrocardiogram (EKG),           considering the pre-test           probability                      discriminates between
 principles                        diagnostic radiology,              probability of disease and                                          subtle and/or conflicting
                                   point-of-care ultrasound)          the likelihood of test                                              diagnostic results
                                                                      results altering
                                                                      management

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            3
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Patient Care 4: Diagnosis

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Constructs a list of              Provides a prioritized             Provides a diagnosis for           Provides a diagnosis for         Serves as a role model
 potential diagnoses               differential diagnosis             common medical                     patients with multiple           and educator to other
 based on the patient’s                                               conditions and                     comorbidities or                 learners for deriving
 chief complaint and initial                                          demonstrates the ability           uncommon medical                 diagnoses and
 assessment                                                           to modify a diagnosis              conditions, recognizing          recognizing errors in
                                                                      based on a patient’s               errors in clinical               clinical reasoning
                                                                      clinical course and                reasoning
                                                                      additional data

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            4
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Patient Care 5: Pharmacotherapy

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Describes the different           Selects appropriate agent          Considers array of drug            Selects the appropriate          Participates in developing
 classifications of                for therapeutic                    therapy and selects                agent based on patient           departmental and/or
 pharmacologic agents              intervention                       appropriate agent based            preferences, allergies,          institutional policies on
                                                                      on mechanism of action             cost, policies, and              pharmacy and
                                                                      and intended effect                clinical guidelines              therapeutics

 Consistently asks                 Evaluates for potential            Recognizes and acts                Recognizes and acts
 patients for drug                 adverse effects of                 upon common adverse                upon uncommon and
 allergies                         pharmacotherapy and                effects and interactions           unanticipated adverse
                                   drug-to-drug interactions                                             effects and interactions

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            5
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Patient Care 6: Reassessment and Disposition

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Describes basic                   Makes a disposition                Makes a disposition                Makes disposition                Participates in institutional
 resources available (e.g.,        decision for patients with         decision for patients with         decision for patients            committees to develop
 follow-up care,                   routine conditions                 routine conditions, with           with complex                     systems that enhance
 rehabilitation, transfer          needing minimal                    resource utilization               conditions, with                 safe patient disposition
 centers)                          resources                                                             resource utilization             and maximizes resources

 Describes basic patient           Educates patients on               Educates patients                  Educates patients on
 education plans                   simple discharge and               regarding diagnosis,               complex discharge and
                                   admission plans                    treatment plan,                    admission plans,
                                                                      medication review and              including complex
                                                                      primary care                       transfers
                                                                      physician/consultant
                                                                      appointments

 Identifies the need for           Monitors that necessary            Identifies which patients          Evaluates changes in             Participates in the
 patient re-evaluation             diagnostic and                     will require ongoing               clinical status during a         development of protocols
                                   therapeutic interventions          emergency department               patient’s emergency              to enhance patient safety
                                   are performed                      evaluation and evaluates           department course
                                                                      the effectiveness of
                                                                      diagnostic and
                                                                      therapeutic interventions

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            6
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Patient Care 7: Multitasking (Task-Switching)

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Manages a single patient          Task-switches between              Employs task-switching in          Employs task-switching           Employs task switching in
 amidst distractions               different patients of              an efficient manner to             in an efficient manner to        an efficient manner to
                                   similar acuity                     manage multiple patients           manage the emergency             manage the emergency
                                                                      of varying acuity and at           department                       department under high-
                                                                      varying stages of work-up                                           volume or surge
                                                                                                                                          situations

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            7
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Patient Care 8: General Approach to Procedures

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Identifies indications for        Assesses indications,              Assesses indications,              Acts to mitigate
 a procedure and                   risks, benefits, and               risks, and benefits and            modifiable risk factors in
 pertinent anatomy and             alternatives and obtains           weighs alternatives in             high-risk situations
 physiology                        informed consent in low-           high-risk situations
                                   to moderate-risk
                                   situations

 Performs basic                    Performs and interprets            Performs and interprets            Independently performs           Teaches advanced
 therapeutic procedures            basic procedures, with             advanced procedures,               and interprets advanced          procedures and
 (e.g., suturing, splinting)       assistance                         with guidance                      procedures                       independently performs
                                                                                                                                          rare, time-sensitive
                                                                                                                                          procedures

                                   Recognizes common                  Manages common                     Independently                    Performs procedural peer
                                   complications                      complications                      recognizes and                   review
                                                                                                         manages complex and
                                                                                                         uncommon
                                                                                                         complications

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            8
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Medical Knowledge 1: Scientific Knowledge

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Demonstrates scientific           Demonstrates scientific            Integrates scientific              Integrates scientific            Pursues and integrates
 knowledge of common               knowledge of complex               knowledge of comorbid              knowledge of                     new and emerging
 presentations and                 presentations and                  conditions for complex             uncommon, atypical, or           knowledge
 conditions                        conditions                         presentations                      complex comorbid
                                                                                                         conditions for complex
                                                                                                         presentations

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            9
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Medical Knowledge 2: Treatment and Clinical Reasoning

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Demonstrates                      Demonstrates knowledge             Demonstrates knowledge             Demonstrates                     Contributes to the body of
 knowledge of treatment            of treatment of patients           of the impact of patient           comprehensive                    knowledge on the varying
 of common conditions              with complex conditions            factors on treatment               knowledge of the                 patterns of disease
                                                                                                         varying patterns of              presentation, and
                                                                                                         disease presentation             alternative and adjuvant
                                                                                                         and alternative and              treatments of patients
                                                                                                         adjuvant treatments of
                                                                                                         patients

 Identifies types of clinical      Identifies types of clinical       Applies clinical reasoning         Continually re-appraises         Coaches others to
 reasoning errors within           reasoning errors within            principles to                      one’s clinical reasoning         recognize and avoid
 patient care, with                patient care                       retrospectively identify           to prospectively                 cognitive errors
 substantial guidance                                                 cognitive errors                   minimize cognitive
                                                                                                         errors and manage
                                                                                                         uncertainty

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Assessable

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            10
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Systems-Based Practice 1: Patient Safety

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Demonstrates                      Identifies system factors          Participates in analysis of        Conducts analysis of             Actively engages teams
 knowledge of common               that lead to patient safety        patient safety events              patient safety events            and processes to modify
 patient safety events             events                             (simulated or actual)              and offers error                 systems for preventing
                                                                                                         prevention strategies            patient safety events
                                                                                                         (simulated or actual)

 Demonstrates                      Reports patient safety             Participates in disclosure         Discloses patient safety         Acts as a role model
 knowledge of how to               events through                     of patient safety events to        events to patients and           and/or mentor for others
 report patient safety             institutional reporting            patients and families              families (simulated or           in the disclosing of patient
 events                            systems (simulated or              (simulated or actual)              actual)                          safety events
                                   actual)

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            11
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Systems-Based Practice 2: Quality Improvement

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Demonstrates                      Describes local quality            Participates in local              Demonstrates the skills          Creates, implements, and
 knowledge of basic                improvement initiatives            quality improvement                required for identifying,        assesses quality
 quality improvement               (e.g., emergency                   initiatives                        developing,                      improvement initiatives at
 methodologies and                 department throughput,                                                implementing, and                the institutional or
 metrics                           testing turnaround times)                                             analyzing a quality              community level
                                                                                                         improvement project

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            12
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Systems-Based Practice 3: System Navigation for Patient-Centered Care

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Demonstrates                      In routine clinical                In complex clinical                Serves as a role model,          Analyzes the process of
 knowledge of care                 situations, effectively            situations, effectively            effectively coordinates          care coordination and
 coordination                      coordinates patient care           coordinates patient care           patient-centered care            leads in the design and
                                   integrating the roles of           by integrating the roles of        among different                  implementation of
                                   interprofessional teams            the interprofessional              disciplines and                  improvements
                                                                      teams                              specialties

 Identifies key elements           In routine clinical                In complex clinical                Serves as a role model,          Improves quality of
 for safe and effective            situations, enables safe           situations, enables safe           advocates for safe and           transitions of care within
 transitions of care and           and effective transitions of       and effective transitions of       effective transitions of         and across health care
 hand-offs                         care/hand-offs                     care/hand-offs                     care/hand-offs within            delivery systems to
                                                                                                         and across health care           optimize patient outcomes
                                                                                                         delivery systems,
                                                                                                         including outpatient
                                                                                                         settings

 Demonstrates                      Identifies specific                Effectively uses local             Participates in changing         Leads innovations and
 knowledge of population           population and                     resources to meet the              and adapting practice to         advocates for populations
 and community health              community health needs             needs of a patient                 provide for the needs of         and communities with
 needs and disparities             and inequities for their           population and                     specific populations             health care inequities
                                   local population                   community

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            13
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Systems-Based Practice 4: Physician Role in Health Care Systems

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Identifies key                    Describes how                      Discusses how individual           Manages various                  Advocates for or leads
 components of the                 components of a complex            practice affects the               components of the                systems change that
 complex health care               health care system are             broader system (e.g.,              complex health care              enhances high value,
 system (e.g., hospital,           interrelated, and how this         length of stay,                    system to provide                efficient, and effective
 skilled nursing facility,         impacts patient care               readmission rates, clinical        efficient and effective          patient care, and the
 finance, personnel,                                                  efficiency)                        patient care and the             transition of care
 technology)                                                                                             transition of care

 Describes basic health            Delivers care with                 Engages patients in                Advocates for patient            Participates in health
 payment systems,                  consideration of each              shared decision making,            care needs with                  policy advocacy activities
 including (e.g.,                  patient’s payment model            informed by each                   consideration of the
 government, private,              (e.g., insurance type)             patient’s payment models           limitations of each
 public, uninsured care)                                                                                 patient’s payment
 practice models                                                                                         model

                                   Identifies basic                   Demonstrates efficient             Describes core                   Analyzes individual
                                   knowledge domains                  integration of information         administrative                   practice patterns and
                                   required for medical               technology required for            knowledge needed for             professional requirements
                                   practice (e.g., information        medical practice (e.g.,            the transition to practice
                                   technology, legal, billing,        electronic health record,          (e.g., contract
                                   coding, financial, and             documentation required             negotiation, malpractice
                                   personnel aspects)                 for billing and coding)            insurance, government
                                                                                                         regulation, compliance)

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
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Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Practice-Based Learning and Improvement 1: Evidence-Based and Informed Practice

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Demonstrates how to               Articulates the clinical           Locates and applies the            Critically appraises and         Coaches others to
 access and use available          questions that are                 best available evidence,           applies evidence even            critically appraise and
 evidence                          necessary to guide                 integrating it with patient        in the face of                   apply evidence for
                                   evidence-based care                preference, to the care of         uncertainty and of               complex patients, and/or
                                                                      complex patients                   conflicting evidence to          participates in the
                                                                                                         guide care that is               development of guidelines
                                                                                                         tailored to the individual
                                                                                                         patient

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

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All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
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Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Practice-Based Learning and Improvement 2: Reflective Practice and Commitment to Personal Growth

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Demonstrates an                   Demonstrates an                    Seeks and accepts                  Using performance                Acts as a role model for
 openness to                       openness to performance            performance data for               data, continually                the development of
 performance data                  data and uses it to                developing personal and            improves and measures            personal and professional
 (feedback and other               develop personal and               professional goals                 the effectiveness of             goals
 input)                            professional goals                                                    one’s personal and
                                                                                                         professional goals

                                   Identifies the factors that        Analyzes and reflects              Analyzes, reflects on,           Coaches others on
                                   contribute to the gap(s)           upon the factors that              and institutes behavioral        reflective practice
                                   between expectations and           contribute to gap(s)               change(s) to narrow the
                                   actual performance                 between expectations and           gap(s) between
                                                                      actual performance                 expectations and actual
                                                                                                         performance

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            16
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 Professionalism 1: Professional Behavior and Ethical Principles

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Demonstrates                      Identifies and describes           Exhibits professional              Sets apart those                 Coaches others when
 professional behavior in          potential triggers and             behavior in complex                situations that might            their behavior fails to
 routine situations and in         takes responsibility for           and/or stressful situations        trigger professionalism          meet professional
 how to report                     professionalism lapses                                                lapses and intervenes            expectations
 professionalism lapses                                                                                  to prevent them in
                                                                                                         oneself and others

 Demonstrates                      Analyzes straightforward           Analyzes complex                   Uses appropriate                 Identifies and addresses
 knowledge of the ethical          situations using ethical           situations using ethical           resources for managing           system-level factors that
 principles underlying             principles                         principles, and recognizes         and resolving ethical            either induce or
 patient care                                                         the need to seek help in           dilemmas                         exacerbate ethical
                                                                      managing and resolving                                              problems or impede their
                                                                      them                                                                resolution

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
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                                                                                                                                                                            17
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Professionalism 2: Accountability/Conscientiousness

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 In routine situations,            In routine situations,             In complex or stressful            Recognizes situations            Takes ownership of
 performs tasks and                performs tasks and                 situations, performs tasks         that might impact                system outcomes
 responsibilities with             responsibilities in a timely       and responsibilities in a          others’ ability to
 appropriate attention to          manner with appropriate            timely manner with                 complete tasks and
 detail                            attention to detail                appropriate attention to           responsibilities
                                                                      detail

 Responds promptly to              Takes responsibility for           Recognizes situations              Proactively implements
 requests and reminders            failure to complete tasks          that might impact one’s            strategies to ensure that
 to complete tasks and             and responsibilities               own ability to complete            the needs of patients,
 responsibilities                                                     tasks and responsibilities         teams, and systems are
                                                                      in a timely manner, and            met
                                                                      describes strategies for
                                                                      ensuring timely task
                                                                      completion in the future

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

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Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Professionalism 3: Self-Awareness and Well-Being

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Recognizes, with                  Independently recognizes           With assistance,                   Independently develops           Coaches others when
 assistance, the status of         the status of one’s                proposes a plan to                 a plan to optimize one’s         their emotional responses
 one’s personal and                personal and professional          optimize personal and              personal and                     or level of
 professional well-being           well-being and engages in          professional well-being            professional well-being          knowledge/skills fail to
                                   help-seeking behaviors                                                                                 meet professional
                                                                                                                                          expectations

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

This subcompetency is not intended to evaluate a resident’s well-being. Rather, the intent is to ensure that each resident has the
fundamental knowledge of factors that affect well-being, the mechanisms by which those factors affect well-being, and available resources
and tools to improve well-being.

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            19
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 1: Patient- and Family-Centered Communication

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Uses language and non-            Establishes a therapeutic          Establishes a therapeutic          Easily establishes               Acts as a mentor to others
 verbal behavior to reflect        relationship in                    relationship                       therapeutic relationships        in situational awareness
 respect and establish             straightforward encounters         in challenging patient             with patients, regardless        and critical self-reflection
 rapport while accurately          with patients using active         encounters                         of the complexity of             with the aim of consistently
 communicating one’s own           listening and clear                                                   cases                            developing positive
 role within the health care       language                                                                                               therapeutic relationships
 system                                                                                                                                   and minimizing
                                                                                                                                          communication barriers
 Identifies common                 Identifies complex barriers        When prompted, reflects            Independently
 barriers to effective             to effective communication         on one’s personal biases,          recognizes personal
 communication (e.g.,              (e.g., health literacy,            while attempting to                biases of patients, while
 language, disability)             cultural, technology)              minimize communication             attempting to proactively
                                                                      barriers                           minimize communication
                                                                                                         barriers

 With insight gained               Organizes and initiates            With guidance, sensitively         Independently uses               Acts as a role model to
 through an assessment of          communication with a               and compassionately                shared decision making           exemplify shared decision
 patient/family                    patient/family by clarifying       delivers medical                   with a patient/family to         making in patient/family
 expectations coupled with         expectations and verifying         information to patients,           align their values, goals,       communication that
 an understanding of their         one’s understanding of the         elicits patient/family values,     and preferences with             embodies various degrees
 health status and                 clinical situation                 learns their goals and             potential treatment              of uncertainty/conflict
 treatment options, adjusts                                           preferences, and                   options and ultimately to
 one’s communication                                                  acknowledges uncertainty           achieve a personalized
 strategies                                                           and conflict                       care plan

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            20
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 2: Interprofessional and Team Communication

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Respectfully requests a           Clearly and concisely              Integrates                         Acts as a role model for
 consultation                      requests a consultation or         recommendations made               flexible communication
                                   other resources for                by various members of              strategies, i.e., those
                                   patient care                       the health care team to            strategies that value
                                                                      optimize patient care              input from all health
                                                                                                         care team members
                                                                                                         and that resolve conflict
                                                                                                         when needed

 Uses language that                Communicates                       Engages in active                  Uses effective                   Acts as a role model for
 reflects the values all           information effectively            listening to adapt to the          communication to lead            communication skills
 members of the health             with all health care team          communication styles of            or manage health care            necessary to lead or
 care team                         members                            the team                           teams                            manage health care
                                                                                                                                          teams

 Receives feedback in a            Solicits feedback on               Communicates concerns              Communicates                     In complex situations,
 respectful manner                 performance as a                   and provides feedback to           feedback and                     facilitates regular health
                                   member of the health               peers and learners                 constructive criticism to        care team-based
                                   care team                                                             superiors                        feedback

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            21
Version 2                                                     Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet

 Interpersonal and Communication Skills 3: Communication within Health Care Systems

 Level 1                           Level 2                            Level 3                            Level 4                          Level 5
 Accurately documents              Demonstrates organized             Concisely reports                  Communicates clearly,            Models feedback to
 information in the                diagnostic and                     diagnostic and                     concisely, and                   improve others’ written
 patient’s record and              therapeutic reasoning              therapeutic reasoning in           contemporaneously in             communication
 safeguards the patient’s          through the patient record         the patient record                 an organized written
 personal information              in a timely manner                                                    form, including
                                                                                                         anticipatory guidance

 Communicates through              Respectfully                       Uses appropriate                   Initiates difficult              Facilitates dialogue
 appropriate channels as           communicates concerns              channels to offer clear            conversations with               regarding systems issues
 required by institutional         about the system                   and constructive                   appropriate                      among larger community
 policy (e.g., patient                                                suggestions for improving          stakeholders to improve          stakeholders (e.g.,
 safety reports, cell                                                 the system                         the system                       institution, the health care
 phone/pager usage)                                                                                                                       system, and/or the field)

 Comments:
                                                                                                                            Not Yet Completed Level 1

©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)
All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
                                                                                                                                                                            22
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