Empowering young Europeans in sport for a culture of respect and integrity - against sexualised violence and gender harassment
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Empowering young Europeans in sport for a culture of respect and integrity — against sexualised violence and gender harassment
european meetings
21.–22. 5. 2013 Kick-Off Partners Meeting | Vienna, Austria sport
uN ioN
27. 9.–1. 10. 2013 1st European Training | Stockerau, Austria
8.–12. 11. 2013 2nd European Training | Stockerau, Austria
12.–13. 9. 2014 Best Practice Meeting | Cologne, Germany
final conference
26.–27. 2. 2015 Vienna | Haus der EU
Wipplingerstraße 35, 1010 Vienna, Austria
Empowering young Europeans
in sport for a culture of respect and
integrity — against sexualised
violence and gender harassment
Available data suggest that about one in five children
in Europe are victims of some form of sexual violence.
www.coe.int/1in5 www.sport-respects-your-rights.eu
contents introduction
Austrian Federal Ministry
introduction of Families and Youth
3 Dr. Sophie Karmasin, The prevention of violence that has been achieved and I am
Austrian Federal Minister of Families and Youth against children and young peo- happy that my ministry played
3 Hartwig Löger, Sportunion Austria ple is one of the most important an integral part in supporting this
4 Dr. Bettina Rulofs, German Sport University Cologne objectives of my ministry. Unfor- project. The importance of broad
4 Jan Holze, Engso Youth tunately, many cases of violence European networks in dealing
5 Sport respects your rights: Empowering young are never documented, making it with the issue of violence was
Europeans in sport for a culture of respect Dr. Sophie Karmasin a very difficult problem to tackle. actively recognised by the project
and integrity – against sexualised violence and Federal Minister of initiators and it was this network
Families and Youth, Thus it is extremely important
gender harassment that made it so successful.
Austria to combat violence before it even
occurs through widespread Dr. Sophie Karmasin
prevention measures. With Sport Austrian Federal Minister
good practice
respects your rights, precisely of Families and Youth
13 Edge Hill University, uk
19 FIAF | Italian Aerobic and Fitness Federation
25 KPH | Campaign Against Homophobia, Poland Sportunion Austria
31 NOC*NSF | Dutch Olympic Committee * Dutch Sports Federation
37 DJK Sports Youth, Germany It has been a great honour for your rights calls attention to
43 dsj | German Sports Youth SPORTUNION Österreich to lead the often concealed problem of
49 ÖLV | Austrian Athletics Federation this high-level project network sexual harassment and abuse
55 SPORTUNION Österreich and, above all, the young Euro in sports. This problem has to be
peans in sport. SPORTUNION fought! Let’s fight it together!
strives to create a protective and
outlook Hartwig Löger inclusive spirit in all of our clubs.
President of We believe the purpose of our
61 Sport respects your rights: Summary and prospects SPORTUNION work lies beyond just sports, it is
Österreich
of the project the opportunity to pro-actively
affect the community around Hartwig Löger
us and grant each member their President of SPORTUNION
space and respect. Sport respects Österreich
2 3
introduction introduction
German Sport University Sport respects
Cologne your rights
Sport in Europe offers young
people significant possibilities
part of an exceptional move-
ment: developing a culture of
Empowering young Europeans
for their wellbeing. Yet, scientific respect and integrity in sport. in sport for a culture of respect and
research has shown that young
people are vulnerable to mal-
We are thankful to witness the
campaigns developed by young
integrity — against sexualised
treatment in sport. This is the Europeans in this project and violence and gender harassment
springboard for Sport respects we are positive that they will
Dr. Bettina Rulofs
your rights. encourage other young people
German Sport
University Cologne, to stand up for their rights!
The German Sports University
Institute of Sociology
and Gender Studies was entrusted with the train-
Agnes Kainz Sport respects your rights was a develop self-confident behaviour
ing, coaching and evaluation of
transnational project, developed against sexualised violence
the project and by this, became Dr. Bettina Rulofs sportunion
to fight abuse and gender-based and harassment in sports. Young
Österreich
violence in the youth sport sector. sportswomen and sportsmen
The project ran for 24 months. It were given the platform to
ENGSO Youth was funded in the priority area develop their own youth-led
Empowerment work at grass- campaigns through which they
One of the main tasks of the your rights is a project that gave roots level as the only sports raised awareness amongst peers,
European sporting movement is an impulse on just this path: a project in the DAPHNE III Pro- in their sport environment
to work towards safeguarding further stepping-stone towards gramme 2011/2012 of the Europe- and beyond. This participatory
the integrity of sports and the our vision of creating a safe, an Union. It built on the network process allowed the young peo-
well-being of young sports- inclusive and participative Euro- and exchange of good practice ple to become powerful multi
women and -men. We believe pean youth sector! initiated through the EU project pliers and active agents of social
Jan Holze coordinating concerted Euro- Better, Safer, Stronger – Preven- change in their settings. Parallel
Chairman of ENGSO pean action leads to success and tion of sexual and gender harass- to the educational youth work,
Youth | Youth it is indispensable to invest into ment and abuse in sports (Project each project partner developed
organisation of the
European Non- the education and empowerment Lead: German Sports Youth). a multi-sector network in order
G overnmental Sports of multipliers and young Euro Jan Holze to create long-lasting synergies
Organisation Sport respects your rights sup-
peans in sport. Sport respects Chairman of ENGSO Youth to fight violence and harassment
ported Europeans aged 16 to 22 to
in sport.
4 5
introduction introduction
Based on two Poland and the Netherlands) from the sport-for-all , fitness ing and developing self-esteem,
processes implemented Sport respects your
rights within their settings. The
and amateur, University, special
and professional sports sectors,
communicational skills, reflec-
tive and assertive behaviour
Eight organisations from six access to young Europeans in or worked with youth groups and a general culture of respect
European countries (Austria, sport varied between the differ- through socio-cultural commu- in sport settings. Sport respects
Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, ent organisations which were nities and an NGO. The imple- your rights focused on the ca-
mentation within each partner pacity of multipliers and young
Figure 1: Structure of organisation was based on two Europeans at grass roots sport
Sport respects your rights
in the setting of the Funding main processes (see Figure 1). level to reflect, act and protect
implementing partner stakeholders themselves against sexual abuse,
organisations: 1. Bottom-up process: the violence and gender harassment.
education of multipliers
National/regional Civil society The young people who created
Top-down process politics Public authority and the creation of
the campaigns sensitised fur-
Building cross-sector youth-led campaigns
networks to support ther peers and intermediaries in
the sport sector A project coordinator from each their settings to build a culture
Victim support
Scientific and
organisations, partner organisation and two lo- of respect and integrity in and
national experts
NGOs
cal actors from each participating through sport.
local sport club or youth group
Partner (for example a board member and 2. Top-down process:
organisation
a youth coach) were educated building cross-sector
through two European Trainings networks to support
to work with the youth sectors in the sport sector
their respective sport settings.
Simultaneously, the partner
Through local youth workshops
organisations initiated national,
Bottom-up process each partner created youth-led
Education of multipliers
Local club Local club Local club regional or local multidiscipli-
campaigns – developed by youth
and creation of nary networks (“Round Tables”)
youth-led campaigns for youth.
involving diverse and relevant
Two local actors Two local actors Two local actors
This participatory process aimed stakeholders from society.
at both ownership of the project These aimed to find synergies
Youth sector Youth sector Youth sector and identification with its aims and build supportive structures
through the active involvement for the sport sector regarding
of the target group. The focus was the topic, adress national and
Youth peer group Youth peer group Youth peer group
laid on raising awareness, install- regional strategies to move the
6 7
introduction introduction
agenda forward and provide a a multi-tier process. The aim was Steering Group:
platform for the dissemination to encourage a self-perpetuating,
of the youth-led campaigns. The multiplying effect in the sport
• SPORTUNION Austria (Lead
Partner)
Round Tables also investigated sector through empowering
possibilities to keep the created
• German Sport University of
the target group, 16 to 22 year old
Cologne, Institute of Sociology
network alive after the European Europeans (see figure 2).
and Gender Studies (in charge
funding had ceased.
The actual scope of Sport respects of training, coaching, monitor-
Throughout the project, mentor- your rights, reached within the ing and evaluating)
ing advice was available for European network during the • ENGSO Youth (coordinated this
the partner organisation and the project implementation between transnational cooperation)
participating local clubs. April 2013 and February 2015,
can be seen on pages 61–67 in the Partner organisations
implementing the project:
Planned scope chapter “Summary and prospects
of the project”.
of the project • Edge Hill University | UK
• Italian Aerobic and Fitness
Direct education and sensitisa- The network Federation
tion of the target group and inter-
of Sport respects • Campaign Against Homo
mediaries in the participating or- phobia | PL
ganisations was devised through your rights • noc*nsf | Dutch Olympic
Committee * Dutch Sports
The project network encom-
Figure 2: The planned Federation The project logo
passed 10 European sport- and
scope of Sport
respects your rights
8 partner coordinators and 44
local actors are educated through socio-cultural organisations and
• DJK Sports Youth | DE This project is funded by the DAPHNE III
2 European Trainings
Universities with a wide geo-
• German Sports Youth | DE Programme of the European Union which
aims to prevent and combat all forms of
graphic scope and with varying
• Austrian Athletics Federation violence and protect victims and groups
• SPORTUNION Austria at risk.
structural, national or organisa-
440 workshop participants (16–22 In Greek mythology, Daphne was a nymph
years old) participate in shaping tional set-ups. Testing the project
their club environments by creating Council of Europe in who transformed into a laurel tree as a
in diverse European settings gave measure of self-defense against an im
youth-led campaigns supporting function: portunate admirer. The laurel wreath in
insights about the acceptance and
the logo of Sport respects your rights
results of this models strategy and • ONE in FIVE campaign to was given a double function; it is not only
1.200 young people in sports are enabled valuable recommenda- stop sexual violence against meant to be a symbol of athletic success
sensitised in peer-to-peer and honour, but also a protective shield
settings by the young people who tions about the possible applica- children – www.coe.int/1in5
for someone’s own personal sphere.
created the campaigns bility and adaptability in further • Enlarged Partial Agreement
EU communities. in Sports – www.coe.int/epas
8 9
good practice
of the partners
This publication is dedicated to the volunteers
all over Europe who, according to our data, have
invested the incredible amount of more than
16.239 hours into Sport respects your rights in
the past 22 months.
Without you, this project would not have
come to life. Thank you!
Youth workshop participant, August
2014, Warsaw | Photo: Campaign Against
Homophobia, Poland
good practice | edge hill university
Edge Hill
University
Edge Hill University Edge Hill University is situated in the north west
St Helens Road of England. The Department of Sport and Physical
Ormskirk Activity has researched child abuse in sport for
Lancashire
L39 4QP over a decade. We passionately believe in the value
United Kingdom of education to address serious social problems and
+44(0)1695 575171 wish to share our knowledge as widely as possible.
We also believe that sports agencies should empower
Contact person
young people to address some of the ethical issues
Dr Mike Hartill
hartillm@edgehill.ac.uk that sport faces.
www.researchgate.net/profile/Mike_Hartill Sexual violence, exploitation and abuse are very
www.sportrespectsyourrightsuk.co.uk
serious problems that have received little attention
Further information in many countries. Therefore we were delighted
www.sportrespectsyourrightsuk.co.uk to be involved with the Sport respects your rights
www.edgehill.ac.uk
project and SPORTUNION Austria in order to work
towards the realisation of our shared goals.
core figures as of 1. 2. 2015
3 participating local organisations or groups
8 multipliers trained at European Trainings
77 16- to 22-year-old participants at youth workshops
432 peers informed through youth campaigns
Photo: Edge Hill Women’s Hockey
2 cross-sector network meetings and Round Tables organised
Team, EHU Sport respects your rights
campaign | Edge Hill University
12 13
good practice | edge hill university good practice | edge hill university
Youth workshops Youth campaign
events During March-April 2014, one The workshops utilised selected The Edge Hill campaign focused
workshop was delivered in three aspects of the training received on promoting the Council of
Multiplier trainings settings: Blundellsands Tennis in Austria in 2013 and the focus Europe’s ‘1-in-5’ campaign with-
8.– 9. 3. 2014, ehu | dspa
Club, Merseyside; Salford Rugby was on active learning. The in youth sports settings. During
15.– 16. 3. 2014, Salford
Football League Club, Manches- Rugby Football League (RFL) the workshops, the volunteers
Red Devils Rugby Football
League Club, AJ Bell ter; and Edge Hill University, have been a tremendous support devised and agreed upon a hand
Stadium, Manchester Lancashire. Then a final work- to the project throughout and the signal to represent the campaign
22.–23. 3. 2014, shop was delivered for all three RFL Safeguarding Lead Officer, which could be used to raise
Blundellsands Tennis Club,
groups at Edge Hill. Colette Eden, provided vital sup- awareness and sensitise young
Merseyside
port to the team. people in sport.
12.– 13. 4. 2014, ehu | dspa
Campaign events The workshop participants also
17.– 18. 5. 2014, SRYR Stand designed t-shirts for volunteers
at the Rugby League and silicon wristbands to pro-
‘Magic’ Weekend,
Manchester City FC, Etihad
mote the campaign.
Stadium, Manchester
27. 11. 2014, Workshops Dissemination
of campaign
for Coaching Students,
ehu | dspa
10. 12. 2014, Campaign
Stand, ehu Student Hub
The Rugby League Youth Panel
17. 12. 2014, Campaign
secured the support of all the
Stand, ehu Student Hub major rugby league clubs who
16. 2. 2015, Workshops provided signed balls and shirts.
for Sport Development They also secured the support of
and Management
Students, ehu | dspa
many high-profile players and
21.4.2015, Workshops
officials via #STOP1in5 Twitter.
for Sport Science
Students, ehu | dspa
With the support of the RFL, one
group of 5 volunteers, the Rugby
Round Tables
12. 2. 2014, Edge Hill
Above: Edge Hill University Workshop, Page 15 top: Workshop for coaching League Youth Panel set up a 1-in-5 hand signal during the
Joel Donnelly facilitating, March 2014 students, Edge Hill University, stand at the Etihad stadium at tournament, for a chance to win a
University, Department
November 2014
of Sport and Physical the annual rugby league ‘Magic’ signed ball or shirt.
Activity (ehu | dspa) Page 15 bottom: Multiplier training,
Edge Hill University, March 2014 weekend. The team asked rugby
28. 1. 2015, RFL Offices, A website was also created: www.
league supporters to tweet pho-
Media City, M anchester Photos: Edge Hill University sportrespectsyourrightsuk.co.uk
tos of themselves doing the
14 15
good practice | edge hill university good practice | edge hill university
ONE IN FIVE
Available data suggest that about 1 in 5 children
in Europe are victims of some form of
sexual violence.
This is an issue that also affects young athletes.
Let’s put a stop to this –
in sport, and through sport.
Awareness, Education, Action.
@SportRespect
We now have the power to do some-
thing. It’s not the LTA, it’s not Rugby
www.sportrespectsyourrightsuk.co.uk
#STOP1in5
League, it’s us. And because it’s us,
and we have the money and the
knowledge, we are empowered
to do something. It’s not someone
else’s responsibility, it’s ours.
One powerful lesson for me was
callum rushforth, 19 | workshop participant,
hearing the stories of what people had blundellsands tennis club
gone through and how the situation
developed into sexual abuse. Hearing In October 2014 the English Child
ONE IN FIVE
Available data suggest that about 1 in 5 children
in Europe are victims of some form of
sexual violence.
what people had suffered at the Protection in Sport Unit invited This is an issue that also affects young athletes.
Let’s put a stop to this –
our team to present the project at in sport, and through sport.
hands of a person who they knew very Awareness, Education, Action.
their annual conference. In No- @SportRespect
well, this was eye opening. vember 2014 we delivered work-
www.sportrespectsyourrightsuk.co.uk
#STOP1in5
joe moore, 20 | edge hill (uk) team, shops to university Coaching stu-
waterloo tennis club head coach
dents and two promotional events
within the student union.
In December 2014, the volunteers
Since the training I have had friends developed a short educational
and family asking me how it went film that has been distributed via
and what I did, and my response the website and social media. We
ONE IN FIVE
was always the same: we must stop also published a poster campaign
this, and I am going to do everything to promote the 1-in-5 campaign.
Available data suggest that about 1 in 5 children
in Europe are victims of some form of
Page 16: Sport respects your rights UK
that I can to do it! To date 1192 followers and 1.2
sexual violence.
This is an issue that also affects young athletes.
Round Table, Rugby Football League,
Let’s put a stop to this – Media City, Manchester, January 2015
million impressions for the in sport, and through sport.
Awareness, Education, Action.
nick ashley, 22 | edge hill (uk) team This page: Posters and silicon wristbands,
#STOP1in5 and related accounts @SportRespect
www.sportrespectsyourrightsuk.co.uk EHU Sport respects your rights campaign
have been measured on Twitter. Photos: Edge Hill University
#STOP1in5
16 17good practice | fiaf
FIAF
Italian Aerobic and Fitness
Federation
FIAF Federazione Italiana Aerobica e Fitness (Italian Aero
Federazione Italiana Aerobica e Fitness bic and Fitness Federation), founded in 1990, is a non
Via Monte Zebio 1 profit organisation run by volunteers. It promotes
00195 Rome
Italy fitness and wellbeing based activities as the optimal
Mail address: means for enhancing physical and psychological
P. O. BOX 6264, 00195 Rome health as well as a means of education, growth, com-
Italy mitment and social integration. The FIAF operates
www.fiaf.it in union with the Scuola Italiana Aerobica e Fitness
(SIAF), its technical branch, which maintains exclu
Contact person:
sive responsibility for professional training. In view
Paolo Emilio Adami
info@fiaf.it of its high technical quality and social commitment,
the FIAF is considered the point of reference in
matters regarding health and fitness by the govern-
mental institutions and the market.
La Federazione Italiana Aerobica e Fitness – FIAF,
è un’associazione senza fine di lucro, fondata sul
volontariato, che promuove le attività del fitness /
core figures as of 1. 2. 2015 wellness quale mezzo ottimale per migliorare il be-
nessere psicofisico della persona e come momento
2 participating local organisations or groups di educazione, di crescita, di impegno e di aggrega-
zione sociale. La FIAF agisce congiuntamente alla
5 multipliers trained at European Trainings
Scuola Italiana Aerobica e Fitness – SIAF, propria
50 16- to 22-year-old participants at youth workshops
articolazione tecnica, che si occupa esclusivamente
250 peers informed through youth campaigns
Photo: Participants at the youth di formazione professionale, di cui sono note l’alta
workshops at Convitto Nazionale
2 cross-sector network meetings and Round Tables organised competenza tecnica e la serietà professionale che la
Vittorio Emanuele II, March 2014,
Rome | J. Resta / FIAF contraddistinguono.
18 19good practice | fiaf good practice | fiaf
Youth workshops at Convitto Nazionale
Vittorio Emanuele II, Rome
events The youth campaign was de- in which participants could dis- share were linked to their every
signed and developed entirely cuss sensitive and intimate top- day life and experience. Some
Youth workshops by the participants who were ics while sharing their personal of them for instance, studying
7.–8. 3. 2014, Rome
students either at the Convitto experiences. During the entire at the Ballet National Academy,
20.–21. 3. 2014, Rome
Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele II time there was a professional shared the very common issue
Coordinator meetings
or Università di Tor Vergata both psychologist present to make of weight control and eating
29. 1., 14. 2., 26. 2. and
26. 9. 2014, Rome
situated in Rome. sure topics were addressed cor- disorders which exist in their
rectly and participants were feel- environment. Other participants,
Dissemination events The youth workshops were a
and Round Tables ing comfortable. studying at the University or
great success in terms of partici-
19. 12. 2014 and the Sport High School, empha-
29. 1. 2015, Rome
pation and commitment by the The developed parts of the youth
sised the issue of discrimination
participants. An experienced campaign deeply reflect the
or other forms of verbal harass-
group of trainers steered and personal experience of the par-
ment.
facilitated the development of ticipants. Coming from different
the workshops and made sure backgrounds and realities, the The key element of the campaign
they created a safe environment messages that they wanted to is its authenticity. The messages
are coming directly from the
participants’ life experiences
and offered an opportunity for
them to voice these concerns.
The campaigns portrayed some
of the possible realities of harass-
ment giving real-life content to
the project.
Participants of the workshop
decided to use different means of
communication to disseminate
their campaign: making two
Participants at the youth workshops
video clips, using printed mate at Convitto Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele II,
rials, social networks and re- March 2014, Rome | Photo: fiaf
cording a radio spot. They chose
these approaches based on the
tools they were familiar with and
through means that they were
20 21good practice | fiaf good practice | fiaf
sure would reach their peers, the
I feel empowered by the work we have final recipients of the campaign.
done. I know we can help our peers The dissemination of the cam-
and friends, we only have to reach out paign was coordinated to the an-
for them! nual schedule of the High School
and University in order to reach
giuseppe | participant in the youth workshop in rome the highest amount of people
possible. As such, the planned
events of both institutions were
used as an occasion to share the
My friends told me many times about campaign and increase the vis-
their experiences of harassment ibility of the project to as many
and I always struggled finding the peers as possible.
right thing to say. I wanted to help but During the dissemination period
I didn’t know how, I do now. two Round Tables were organised
directly involving the University
martina | participant in the youth workshop in rome
or the High School and these
were also held on their premises
to encourage a safe environment,
I think I have learned a lot from this where ownership of the topics
could be developed by the insti-
project. There are harassing behaviors
tutions and the participants.
that I never considered as such and
always experienced myself. I know the Top: Youth workshop at Convitto
kind of respect I deserve! Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele II, March
2014, Rome | Photo: J. Resta / FIAF
claudia | participant in the youth workshop in rome Bottom left: Campaign dissemination
during student assembly, Convitto
Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele II,
January 2015, Rome | Photo: fiaf
Bottom right: Sport respects your rights
multipliers Alice Collacchi and Febronia
Cappadona with FIAF President
Dr. Paolo Adami, December 2014,
Rome | Photo: fiaf
22 23ia good practice | kph
KPH
Campaign Against
Homophobia
Kampania Przeciw Homofobii Campaign Against Homophobia (KPH) is a nation-
ul. Solec 30a wide NGO working for the equal rights of lesbian, gay,
00-403 Warszawa bisexual and transgender people (LGBT), established
Poland
in 2001. We conduct a wide range of activities in order
www.kph.org.pl
to increase tolerance and acceptance while tackling
Contact person stereot ypes and prejudices including:
Vyacheslav Melnyk
vmelnyk@kph.org.pl • Empowering the LGBT community
• Education, research and report writing
• Social awareness campaigns
• Combating sexism and working towards
gender equality
KPH specialises in organising large social awareness
and educational campaigns aiming at integrating
LGBT people into society.
Działamy na rzecz osób homo- i biseksualnych oraz
transpłciowych (LGBT) i ich bliskich, poprzez rzecz
core figures as of 1. 2. 2015 nictwo polityczne, społeczne i prawne, tworzenie
systemowych rozwiązań edukacyjnych oraz budo
3 participating local organisations or groups wanie ruchu sojuszniczego.
8 multipliers trained at European Trainings Zważając na siłę oddziaływania społeczeństwa na
95 16- to 22-year-old participants at youth workshops zmiany prawne i społeczne, KPH będzie prowadzić
240 peers informed through youth campaigns działania skierowane zarówno do ogólnego społe-
2 cross-sector network meetings and Round Tables organised
czeństwa: rodziców i rodzin osób LGBT oraz znaczą-
Photo: Training for trainers, August 2014, cych osobistości kultury, sportu i nauki.
Warsaw | Klaudia Mironiuk
24 25good practice | kph good practice | kph
Youth workshops
events The 1st Polish Workshop, held sport based on sexual orienta- prepared suitable actions for the
on 7–10 August 2014 at the tion and gender identity and the presented problems.
Youth workshops premises of 20. Warsaw High prevention of discrimination of
7.– 10. 8. 2014, Warsaw On the third day six examples of
School Raszynska gathered over youth in sports based on race and
25.–27. 9. 2014, Rynia the campaigns developed by the
70 youngsters and high school ethnicity.
Training for participants were presented to
national trainers
students from across Poland. It
The first day of the workshop was the other focus groups and the
7. 8. 2014, Warsaw was coordinated by Vyacheslav
conducted in the form of a team committees. The General Assem-
Melnyk (KPH), Piotr Cichocki
Coordination meetings building – coaches and trainers bly was conducted in order for the
28. 11. 2013, Warsaw
(European Youth Parliament EYP
conducted integration games de- participants to peer-review and
14. 1. 2014, Warsaw Poland) and Magdalena Świder
21. 5. 2014, Warsaw signed to help the participants to develop the campaigns created
(KPH) leading the trainers’ team.
get to know each other and “break during the three day workshop.
Distribution meetings
18. 12. 2014, Warsaw
The workshop was carried out the ice”. Later, participants took Ultimately, the participants were
21. 1. 2015, Warsaw in accordance with the idea of part in the lectures prepared by able to identify the vital elements
National Round Tables peer education. The work of the KPH and Never Again Association of the campaign suitable for the
6. – 7. 3. 2015, Cracow committees was coordinated by on the extent and specificity of Polish sport and societal context.
the youth educators cooperating each of the discussed problems I’ve never participated in such a great
The workshops were organised
with the European Youth Parlia- and the basics of creating social
under the patronage of the
group project before. I know that
ment: Kaja Chrenkoff, Katarzyna campaigns. what we have created is the result of
Human Rights Defender of the
Ziemba, Małgorzata Osypiuk,
The second day of the workshop Republic of Poland Dr. Irena a difficult, but most importantly,
Magdalena Świder, Katarzyna
Gołaszewska, Maciej Kryński,
was dedicated to the identified Lipowicz, Children Ombuds- mutual work. We were able to create
problems related to the topic man Marek Michalak, Deputy a project campaign, in which each
Dawid Durejko, Aleksandra
of the group. The participants Speaker of the Parliament Wanda
Sawa and Zuzanna Laudanska. one of us left a part of themselves, thus
developed an answer to the Nowicka, General rapporteur
Participants of the workshop problems in the form of social or on the rights of LGBT people at creating something really special.
were divided into three thematic educational activities. Moreover, the Parliamentary Assembly of
female youth workshop participant, 18 years old
groups (each consisting of two the participants discussed social the Council of Europe Robert
10-persons committees). Topics campaigns carried out by inter Biedroń. Media coverage was
discussed during the workshop national organisations participat- supported by RDC (Radio Dla first workshop gathered again to General Assembly prep,
Youth workshop I
by each thematic group were, ing in the project Sport respects Ciebie); Never Again Association discuss the strategy for the dis-
participants, August 2014,
respectively, the prevention of your rights: #1in5 campaign was a content partner. semination of the campaign and Warsaw | Photo: Klaudia
sexual violence and harassment (Edge Hill University), 1 op de 5 a step-by-step strategy for its Mironiuk
A few weeks later a select number
of young people in sports, the (NOC*NSF), etc. Based on their implementation in each local con-
of participants involved in the
prevention of discrimination in social campaigns, committees text was developed.
26 27good practice | kph good practice | kph
Youth campaigns
The youth campaign “React” was ages fostering a strong position
a product developed and imple- of mutual respect in the sport
mented by the participants of the environment. The web platform
youth workshops within Sport behind the campaign serves as
respects your rights. The idea be- a source of knowledge and for
hind the three posters addresses FAQs regarding sexual harass-
three main areas that need spe- ment and sexual abuse in sports
cial attention of youth involved and unequal treatment based on
in sports: counteracting sexual- homophobia and transphobia
ised violence and sexual harass- or racism. This kind of factual
ment in sports and harassment knowledge is seldom available in
based on ones sexual orientation, the sport environment in Poland.
gender identity, ethnicity or race. Therefore the primary goal of
the “React” campaign was to pro-
vide the actors involved with
the necessary tools and knowl-
edge on ways to react to sexu-
alised violence, homophobia
and racism in the sport settings
efficiently. The identified tar- Such activities should be organised
get group was peers practicing
more frequently and are needed
semi- and professional sports Committee work, Youth workshop I,
and as such the campaign was
urgently in order to increase public August 2014, Warsaw | Photo: Klaudia
conducted on the grounds of the awareness on the issues we have Mironiuk
municipal facilities that pro- discussed today!
vide recreational services to the
female youth workshop participant, 16 years old
youth. As such, the Municipal
Sport and Recreation Centers
Committee work, Posters addressing each of the in the Polish state capitals, where
Youth workshop I above mentioned issues draw at- the workshops participants
Maybe I will not change the world,
participants, August
2014, Warsaw | Photo: tention to the importance of a de- and multipliers live and practice but certainly, these three days have
Klaudia Mironiuk cisive reaction towards stances sports, were chosen. changed my life.
of discrimination or harassment
male youth workshop participant, 16 years old
by the team mates and encour-
28 29good practice | noc*nsf
NOC*NSF
Dutch Olympic Committee *
Dutch Sports Federation
NOC * NSF The NOC*NSF is an umbrella organisation for all the
Papendallaan 60 sports in the Netherlands. It has 76 associated sport
6816 VD Arnhem federations; they represent about 25.000 sport clubs
The Netherlands
with 4,8 million organised athletes. Sport inspires and
www.nocnsf.nl
connects people, it plays an important role for society.
Contact person
NOC*NSF supports, coordinates, and represents the
Cécile Veldman
cecile.veldman@knzb.nl interests of the associated sport federations. Our
ambition is to increase the sport participation to 75% of
Further information in Dutch the Dutch population and bring the Netherlands into
www.sport-respects-your-rights.eu/nocnsf the top 10 sport countries of the world.
Het NOC*NSF is een koepelorganisatie voor alle spor-
ten in Nederland. NOC*NSF bestaat uit 76 aangesloten
sportbonden en staan voor 25.000 sportverenigingen
in, waar 4,8 miljoen georganiseerde sporters mee
gemoeid zijn. Sport inspireert en verbind mensen en
levert een belangrijke bijdrage aan de samenleving.
core figures as of 1. 2. 2015 NOC*NSF ondersteunt, coördineert en vertegenwoor-
digt de belangen van de aangesloten sportbonden.
3 participating local organisations or groups NOC*NSF heeft de ambitie om de sportparticipatie
te verhogen naar 75%, zodat Nederland in de top 10
8 multipliers trained at European Trainings
sportlanden van de wereld terecht komt.
65 16- to 22-year-old participants at youth workshops
410 peers informed through youth campaigns
Photo: Young swimmers at
2 cross-sector network meetings and Round Tables organised
De Waterkip, June 2014, Barneveld
(KNZB) | Lindy Battus
30 31good practice | noc*nsf good practice | noc*nsf
Swentibold
events A three day workshop with 20 the participants to develop trust
young people was organised in in other people.
Youth workshops an inspiring environment in
1.–2. 2. and 1. 3. 2014, In the next step, capacity to sen-
Gulpen. The location was specifi-
Apeldoorn sitise further peers with this topic
cally chosen in order to hold the
15. 2., 17. 2. and 21. 2. 2014, was developed with the work-
Veenendaal workshops, have joint dinners,
shop participants, and the diffe
28.–30. 3. 2014, Sittard appropriate accommodation and
rent steps of a campaign were
organise evening programmes for
Campaigns discussed.
8. 6., 24. 6. and 16.–17. 7.
the participants.
2014, Apeldoorn In the last session, creative ideas
During the first workshop the
5. 6. 2014, Veenendaal for the final campaign were con-
participants learnt about the topic
26. 10. and 24. 11. 2014, sidered and a final decision was
Sittard
of sexual intimidation; recognis-
taken on its production and im-
ing when it happens and sev-
Round Tables plementation.
eral prevention strategies. In the
17. 11. 2014, Arnhem and the message of the cam-
21. 1. 2015, Utrecht evening a teambuilding exercise The campaign was launched at
was organised which encouraged the local championships of the
paign to the peers and included We are very proud of the young
a helpline number for affected
Dutch Gymnastic Federation. people who participated in
individuals.
The message that the young the workshops and campaigns.
multipliers spread was ‘Sport has The interactive design of the Thanks to their efforts, other
its limits, and those limits are up campaign was very successful
young people are sensitised.
to you’. and enabled many of the young
participants at the champion- marga and inge | workshop leaders victoria boys
In front of the entrance, outside
ships to be reached.
the championship venue, “YOU”
was painted on the floor in order
to catch the attention of the pass- Victoria Boys Working on this campaign makes
ing championship participants. your realise how vulnerable young
The group of participants con-
A physical border was created
sisted of young men and women people can be.
that participants had to cross to
between the ages of 16 and 22.
enter the venue and this is where judith van veen | swentibold, sittard
it was possible to get in contact In addition to theory about the
A youngster is sensitising other young with the youth. This activity was topic, exercises to raise aware- 1st workshop at Victoria Boys, February 2014,
people by talking about their borders. complemented by an information ness were also implemented. Apeldoorn | Photo: NOC*NSF
Photo: Swentibold, Sittard An expert supported the young
sheet which explained the topic
32 33good practice | noc*nsf good practice | noc*nsf
VZC E&P
Veenendaal
people to create a campaign. The The workshops were an eye- in much press coverage: provin-
young participants were divided opener to many of the youngsters cial television, radio, the papers
in groups of four to design several and an energising experience for (local, regional and nationwide).
small campaigns. These mini trainers and participants. The
Members of the group visited
campaigns were then merged into participants were very impressed
many events in sporting clubs
one final campaign. by the personal story from a
and advertised the campaign.
former victim of child abuse. At
The purpose of the campaign was This resulted in growing aware-
the end of the workshop it was
to raise attention about sexual ness in many local clubs; several
decided to implement the main
harassment within sports, in the of them give the subject more
campaign during the local an-
sense that it is more common than serious attention now. There was
nual ‘4-evenings-walking’ event
anyone thinks. It was a priority a Facebook page, which received
with over 5.000 participants and
to clearly communicate where much interest from local politi-
15.000 spectators.
one can ask questions or which cians. Numerous meetings with
website to access for help. the group were held to prepare for VZC E&P, Veenendaal:
the main campaign event. The Young people cam
Flyers, posters, stickers, t shirts paigning at a local
Facebook page is still active and
and water bottles were produced event, June 2014,
regularly updated. To support the Veenendaal | Photo:
with the developed logo. At
campaign, like “veiliger sporten NOC*NSF
various sporting events, the cam-
Veenendaal”.
paign teams raised attention for
the subject by requesting young
spectators to post their photos
with the “1in5” hand signal .
I’m shocked by the large number
of incidents. Time that attention is
The team went to an athletics
paid here!
tournament in Apeldoorn, to a
tennis tournament and to the The participants were divided in workshop participant | victoria boys, apeldoorn
qualifying rounds of the Beach smaller groups, each with their
Volleyball World Championship. own task. This resulted in the pro-
Social Media
Top: Campaign at beach volley event,
July 2014, Apeldoorn duction of campaigning material
The Facebook (www.1opde5.eu)
Bottom: The ‘YOU’ symbol outside the and hoodies for the campaigners.
championship venue – campaign at and Twitter accounts are kept up Through the social media cam-
gymnastic event, October 2014, Sittard to date in order to collect as many From the start, word about the paigns of all three clubs over
Photos: NOC*NSF pictures of people with the hand Sport respects your rights cam- 13.000 followers, reactions and
signal and likes as possible. paign was spread and this resulted likes were measured.
34 35good practice | djk sportjugend
DJK Sportjugend
DJK Sports Youth
DJK Sportjugend DJK Sports Youth is an organisation representing the
Zum Stadtbad 31 interests of about 250.000 members up to the age
40764 Langenfeld of 27. DJK is a Catholic-sponsored sports association
Germany
– founded originally as a faith-based organisation,
www.djk-sportjugend.de
today it is open to anyone who supports its goals.
Contact person
Their work emphasises the integration of spiritual
Michael Leyendecker
michael.leyendecker@djk-sportjugend.de thoughts and movement to engage children and
youth in sport. In today’s world these values are
becoming more and more important. DJK do not
just want to provide sporting opportunities, but
also provide mental support and convey important
Christian values.
Die DJK Sportjugend ist eine Jugendorganisation und
vertritt die Interessen von ca. 250.000 Mitgliedern
bis 27 Jahren. Schwerpunkt der Arbeit ist die Kopp-
lung von spirituellen Gedanken mit Bewegung, um
Kinder und Jugendliche für einen nach christlichem
core figures as of 1. 2. 2015
Menschenbild geprägten Sport zu begeistern.
3 participating local organisations or groups Diese Wertorientierung spielt in der heutigen Zeit
eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Wir möchten mit un-
7 multipliers trained at European Trainings
serem Verständnis genau dort ansetzen und die
60 16- to 22-year-old participants at youth workshops
Sportler nicht nur bei ihrem körperlichen Training
150 peers informed through youth campaigns
begleiten, sondern Ihnen durch Vermittlung der
2 cross-sector network meetings and Round Tables organised wichtigsten christlichen Werte auch seelisch eine
Photo: Trailer meeting, DJK Ochtendung,
May 2014 | Photo: DJK Stütze sein.
36 37good practice | djk sportjugend good practice | djk sportjugend
events Three teams from different re- the topic “prevention of sexual- tributed through social media
gions were chosen to implement ised violence” into the existing as well as being used for educa-
Youth workshops the project: DJK DV Münster, structures and sport clubs. This tional purposes during coaching
DJK Wissen-Selbach
DJK Ochtendung, DJK Wissen- would therefore enhance child qualifications. Additionally these
29.–30. 3. and
12.–13. 4. 2014 Selbach. safety and welfare. Due to the in- movies can be used for presenta-
DJK Ochtendung dependence of the three groups, tions in local clubs and organisa-
21.–22. 2. and
21.–22. 3.2014 Youth workshops distinct campaigns were devel-
oped. These are now able to sup-
tions to initiate interesting and
intensive discussions.
DJK DV Münster
10. 8. 2014
DJK Sportjugend plement each other in parts, due
to good networking and commu- Video campaign of the
Campaign dissemination The purpose of the youth work-
nication between the teams. DJK Ochtendung
DJK Wissen-Selbach shops organised by the three
13. 12. 2014 teams was to convey confidence Two groups developed video The DJK Ochtendung developed
DJK Ochtendung and certainty of action in re- campaigns. The other group a short movie with the help of a
6. 7., 4. 10. and 30. 11. 2014
gards to the topic “prevention of developed a poster campaign to professional film crew. Unlike
All groups
sexualised violence” to its par- raise awareness for the topic - the DJK DV Münster film, this
10. 1. 2015, Augsburg Now I have tools to implement
ticipants, aged 16 to 22. In addi- both in public and in the clubs. one deals with the problem of
Round Tables
tion to legal questions, measures sexualised violence outside of the
better youth and child protection
27. 11. 2013, Berlin
23. 2. 2015, Hannover of prevention and intervention Video campaign of the gym – for example on the way in our club structure.
were important points as well. DJK DV Münster home. Therefore, the different david m | board member of a sensitised club, ochtendung
video campaigns raise awareness
Participants were encouraged to The DJK DV Münster developed
and sensitise for different aspects
develop strategies to take action several short movies with the
within the field of sexualised
in regards to this topic at their help of a professional movie
violence.
local clubs. Communication of crew. These short movies show
existing concepts and contact to the problems of sexualised vio- In addition to being used as edu-
victim help centers was an im- lence in sports and encourage cational material during coach-
portant part of the workshops. reflecting on the displayed situ- ing qualification, this short movie
Page 39 top:
1st youth workshop, ations. Over the course of the was shown in the local cinema
DJK Wissen-Selbach,
March 2014 Youth campaigns development process, through
tremendous support from the
to inform the general public. The
main aim of both these video
Page 39 bottom: The aim of the campaigns, project leaders, these movies campaigns is to sensitise, but not
1st youth workshop,
DJK Ochtendung, developed by the three teams have constantly improved in to spread uncertainty. At the end
February 2014 together with the participants of quality resulting in a set of short of each movie contact details for
Photos: DJK the workshops, was to introduce films, that are now being dis- support lines and help is provided.
38 39good practice | djk sportjugend good practice | djk sportjugend
was provided with additional during official committee meet-
information and contact details. ings and has also been raised By participating at the workshops
Additionally the DJK Wissen- during several sports festivals I realised all the things that can
Selbach hosted seminars to and other events.
be done to protect children even more
sensitise local clubs and is offer-
ing these seminars in the entire
At these festivals and events it – it’s important to speak about this!
was possible to sensitise and in-
diocese. julia w | participant of a workshop, wissen, germany
form the target audience through
By combining the video and the use of information desks and
poster campaign it is possi- “flash mobs”.
ble to directly sensitise clubs
The most important aspect of
As a coach I was confronted with so
and organisations, as well as much new and important information
the implementation was the lon-
provide resources for them to
gevity of the project. Therefore which directly influenced my work
take a stand against sexualised
violence and educating their
all three of the developed cam- positively – thank you!
Above: Main picture Poster campaign of the paigns will continue being used
coaches.
of the campaign of the DJK Wissen-Selbach at events and for educational stefan r | got in touch with the project during an
educational workshop, mainz, germany
DJK Wissen-Selbach,
purposes. Additionally, focus
Dissemination of
October 2014. Through The DJK Wissen-Selbach ap-
a poster campaign, the will be laid on networking of dif-
proached the problem with a
the campaigns
DJK Sportjugend wants
ferent actors around the topic
to sensitise and raise poster campaign and additional
awareness in its clubs. in order to further integrate the
educational resources. The pic-
Page 41: 1st Youth The dissemination and the idea topic into the clubs.
ture, which shows a girl delib-
workshop, DJK Ochten- of protecting against sexualised
erately holding up her hand, is
Round Tables
dung, February 2014. violence was executed in differ-
Photos: DJK supposed to signal that there is
ent ways. There was direct com-
no space for sexualised violence.
munication through education Round table meetings were an
Additionally several “golden
with help from the developed important part of the DJK club
rules” were developed which are
resources, there was the social strategy, even before Sport re-
essential for any togetherness in
media campaign of the DJK DV spects your rights. With the help
a sports or out-of-sports context.
Münster and the screening of the of the EU project it was possible
The picture and these “golden short movie in local cinemas to get into contact with help cent-
rules” were then produced in by the DJK Ochtendung. Addi- ers for victims, child protection
different formats (posters, book- tionally, to stress its importance, services and other important ac-
marks, binders,etc). Through this “prevention of sexual violence” tors around the topic “prevention
poster campaign every DJK club is a lways an item on the agenda of sexualised violence”.
40 41good practice | dsj
dsj
German Sports Youth
dsj | Deutsche Sportjugend im DOSB The German Sports Youth represents the interests of
Otto-Fleck-Schneise 12 over 10 million children and youth that are organised
60528 Frankfurt am Main in 90.000 sports clubs. The German Sports Youth
Phone +49 69 67 00-450
supports the personal development of young people
www.dsj.de
and encourages social responsibility, integration
Contact person and intercultural learning. Thus the prevention of
Elena Lamby sexualised violence is a very important topic. The
info@dsj.de German Sports Youth implemented this project to
Further information in German promote a culture of respect and integrity among
www.dsj.de/kinderschutz sports clubs and to empower young people to stand
up for their rights.
Die Deutsche Sportjugend (dsj) bündelt die Interessen
von über 10 Mio. Kindern und Jugendlichen, die in
90.000 Sportvereinen organisiert sind. Die dsj unter-
stützt die Persönlichkeitsentwicklung junger Men-
schen und fördert soziale Verantwortung, Integration
sowie interkulturelles Lernen. Dabei ist die Präven
core figures as of 1. 2. 2015 tion von sexualisierter Gewalt ein sehr wichtiges
Thema. Die dsj beteiligte sich an dem Projekt, um
3 participating local organisations or groups eine Kultur des respektvollen und achtsamen Mit-
einanders in die Sportvereine zu tragen und junge
6 multipliers trained at European Trainings
Menschen darin zu stärken, für ihre Rechte einzu-
64 16- to 22-year-old participants at youth workshops
stehen.
240 peers informed through youth campaigns
Photo: Informing peers at a seminar,
6 cross-sector network meetings and Round Tables organised
November 2014, Schierke | Sports Youth
Saxony-Anhalt
42 43good practice | dsj good practice | dsj
events The German Sports Youth imple- to continue with their campaigns complexity. The movie intends
mented the project by choosing beyond the EU-project period. to encourage young people to It is great that young people got the
Youth workshops three different sport organisa- defend themselves in situations possibility to stand up for such an
Sports Youth of Saxony-
Anhalt: 11.–13. 4. 2014,
tions which took on the respon-
sibility to develop their own
Sports Youth of of transboundary behavior of
others and to ask for help. Apart
important topic. I am very proud of the
Halle (Saale) and
9.– 11. 5. 2014, Magdeburg campaigns. All of them followed Saxony-Anhalt from that, the movie calls on the
achievements we have reached.
Sports Youth Baden the aim to sensitise young people responsible persons in leading roxana rogon, 21, halle | multiplier
Fribourg with PTSV Jahn: This youth sport organisation of
between 16 and 22 years for the positions to pay attention to such
11. 4., 2. 5., 17.–18. 5. 2014, a federal state of Germany rep-
Freiburg im Breisgau topic of sexual harassment and situations and to help. Moreover,
resents nearly 130.000 children
Football Federation of abuse in sports. The organisa- the offenders are addressed by the
Rhineland: 30.–31. 5. and tions held two workshops – each
and young people.
film. They should be stimulated to
We want to call attention to this taboo
11.–12. 7. 2014, Koblenz
with 20 young people – in order The participants of the work- reflect their own behavior and to topic. Everyone can be a victim of
Campaign dissemination to inform them about the topic of shops in Saxony-Anhalt devel- ask for help before they will cross sexualised violence – so don’t look away.
Sports Youth Baden sexual harassment and abuse as oped their own youth led cam- any boarders. Many more young
Fribourg with PTSV Jahn: julia semar and annalena kähne, 24, koblenz | multipliers
28. 11. 2014, Freiburg
well as to develop regional cam- paign called Verlier dein Gesicht people were reached and sensi-
im Breisgau paigns. The three organisations nicht (Don’t lose your face). They tised by the movie presentation in
Sports Youth of Saxony-
Anhalt: 18. 10. 2014, Halle
have also set up Round Tables to
build up a local network with or-
decided to produce a movie to
spread the campaign and to
several sport seminars in Saxony-
Anhalt where they discussed the
Sports Youth
24. 10. 2014, Schierke
29. 10. 2014, Wanzleben
ganisations for child protection. show the topic of sexual harass- topic and distributed whistles Baden-Fribourg
2. 11. 2014, Osterburg
Football Federation of
Finally, the organisations intend ment and abuse in sports in its to the participants to then again
spread the campaign further.
with PTSV Jahn
Rhineland: 24. 1. 2015, This was a cooperation with a
Mühlheim-Kärlich
sports club in Fribourg. At the
Round Tables
beginning of the project, the
Sports Youth of Saxony-
Anhalt: 9. 5. and
coordinators in Fribourg got in
28. 11. 2014, Magdeburg contact with the famous local
Sports Youth Baden football club SC Fribourg. They
Fribourg with PTSV Jahn: managed to gain the support of
17. 7. and 17. 10. 2014,
Freiburg im Breisgau
Oliver Sorg (professional football
Football Federation of
player from SC Fribourg). The
Left: 1st youth workshop, Sports Youth participants of the workshops
Rhineland: 13. 2. 2014,
of Saxony-Anhalt, April 2014, Halle
14. 4. 2014 and 14. 1. 2015,
Photo: Sport Youth Saxony-Anhalt then decided to keep the title
Koblenz
Above: Campaign logo “Don’t lose your “Sport respects your rights” and
face”, Sports Youth of Saxony-Anhalt planned various activities. They
44 45good practice | dsj good practice | dsj
tion of Rhineland, developed
their campaign Kein Freispiel
(No free game). They designed
posters to spread the campaign
and to raise awareness about
threats of sexual violence and
abuse of children in sport. The
aim is to make young people in
the football clubs aware of in
correct and transboundary be-
haviour of coaches. They created
a homepage for the campaign
which links to all of the avail-
able information about child
Campaign action, created a video clip supported bourg so that the campaign was protection in their federation.
November 2014, by the testimonial in which presented in front of 24.000 peo- Célia Šašić (football player in the
Fribourg | Photo: Sports
Youth Baden-Fribourg the topic of sexual harassment ple. Before and after the match, national team of Germany) sup-
/ PTSV Jahn and abuse in sports is briefly teams of the young people (who ports the campaign as a testimo-
described. This clip was shown were trained at the workshops) nial. In order to sensitise other
at the beginning of a big match informed a lot of young football young people they presented the
in the football-stadium of Fri- fans about Sport respects your campaign during a regional in-
rights and made them aware of door football tournament with
the need to systematically pre- ten teams.
I was very surprised but also pleased vent sexualised violence.
about the number of people we reached
with our Action Day in November Football Federa
2014. People – especially the parents
tion of Rhineland
and grandparents of the attending Top: Producing the campaign spot, October 2014
children – were interested in the The football federation of Rhine- Photo: Sports Youth Baden-Fribourg / PTSV Jahn
land represents 1.067 sports clubs
subject and thanked our team for the Bottom: Informing peers at a soccer tournament
with 2.333 junior teams. The par- – Campaign action of the Football Federation
effort and work. ticipants of the two workshops, Rhineland, January 2015, Mühlheim-Kärlich | Photo:
organised by the football federa- Football Federation of Rhineland
simone braun, 18, fribourg | youth workshop participant
46 47You can also read
