Environment Canada K. Hayden
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Environment Canada
K. Hayden
S.M. Li G. Lu P. Makar
J. Liggio A.M. Macdonald W. Gong
R. Leaitch D. Toom-Sauntry C. Stroud
J. Brook L. Phinney P. Liu
N. Schantz
10th AMS Workshop, Oct 31-Nov 2, 2009 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
The application of the AMS for understanding
chemical/physical processes in the atmosphere
through measurement field campaigns and
laboratory studies.
1EC’s First AMS
June 2002 – received Q-AMS
July 2002 - C-SOLAS project, Mexican Research vessel El
Puma in the sub-arctic NE Pacific ocean
First AMS measurements in a remote-marine environment
Phinney, et al., Deep-Sea Research II, 53,
2410-2433, 2006.
Phinney, et al., Deep-Sea Research II, 53, 2410-2433, 2006.
Phinney et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 1-53, 2009.
2Feb 2004 EC’s Second AMS – on CRUISER
Canadian Regional & Urban Investigation System
for Environmental Research
PI: Jeff Brook/Gang Lu
Inlet, sheath pipe
and splitter
WEATHER
- 10 m electronically COMMUNICATIONS
deployed tower - satellite connection
- temperature, - check concentrations over
pressure, relative the internet from the office
humidity, wind - unattended operation of
speed and direction equipment
Air is drawn-in
through
g the inlet
Air is split into two streams to
examine the main gases and
particles in smog
An advanced data
acquisition system
manages and displays
measurements in real time
The air is measured for a variety of pollutants by several instruments:
GASES PARTICLES ADVANCED EQUIPMENT
- Ozone (O3) Size counts from 0.01 to 30 μm The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS)
- Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Mass (PM2.5) - high time resolution (~5min) information on particle composition and
- Oxidized Nitrogen Compounds Light scattering (related to visibility) size (includes sulphate, nitrate, organic matter, ammonium)
(NO, NO2, NOy) Black Carbon (photoacoustic)
- Carbon Monoxide (CO) Major chemical constituents (AMS) The Ionicon Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS)
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2) -high time resolution (~5 min) information on selected VOC
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) compounds
3Inside CRUISER
Q-AMS
#27
Why Mobility of CRUISER ?
• Quick deployment of a comprehensive suite of
measurements
• Capture of measurements from source-impacted
locations to specific plumes
– Source profiles, source apportionment
– Assessment of emissions
• Lagrangian studies and assessment of airmass
aging
• Unprecedented insight into small scale variability
iin source iimpacts,
t exposure patterns,
tt model
d l sub-
b
grid variability
4Systematic Mapping of a Ship Plume
Plumes stay in tact for long distances
SEA
BREEZE
G. Lu et al., Atmos. Environ., 40, 2767-2782, 2006
POSTER AT BACK OF ROOM – Gang Lu et al.
ICARTT Summer 2004
Cloud Study – Q-AMS downstream of a CVI sampling
from a NRC Convair580 aircraft
A Unified Regional Air-Quality Modelling System (AURAMS)
First ‘field’ application of EC’s model used in forecasting mode
5Nitrate enriched in the cloud water compared to sulphate
Nitrate in cloud droplet residuals found in smaller sizes compared to
sulphate
Aerosol-cloud parcel model supports separation due to process differences:
nitrate governed by gas-phase mass transfer; sulphate due to nucleation
scavenging
g g
Hayden, K.L., et. al. (2008) Cloud processing of nitrate, J. Geophys. Res., Vol.
113, D18201, doi:10.1029/2007JD009732.
Lethbridge NH3 Study Sept 2005
Q-AMS on 1) Cessna 207
2) CRUISER
Lethbridge Source: Pollution
Data Branch, EC
6NH3 concentrations N/NE of Lethbridge
Flight#9 (NE) Track 5: Sept 21/05 afternoon
nh3ppb_rs
5
10
3.8
nh
h3ppb_rs (ppb)
37
3.7
3.6 15
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.8
20
3.2
3.7
3.1
3.6
3.0 25
3.5
2.9
3.4
2.8
3.3
30
3.2
3.1
3.0
49.95 2.9
49.90 2.8
49.85
49.80
49.75 -112.0
-112.2
49.70 -112.4
-112.6
49.65 -112.8
PM Response to NH3
(Flight#9 Track 5: Sept 21/05 afternoon)
Transition points/regions (of slopes to
fitted curves)) used to assess degree
g of
PM sensitivity to NH3 changes
Environment Canada. 2008. The 2008 Canadian
Atmospheric Assessment of Agricultural
Ammonia. Gatineau. QC. 306 p
7EC’s Third AMS
April 2006 - HR-ToF AMS received
April/May 2006 – Whistler peak, BC field study INTEX-B; to
characterize aerosol sources and processes at this location.
Photo courtesy AM Macdonald
Leaitch, et al., Atmos. Chem.
Phys. 9, 3523-3546, 2009.
INTEX-B 2006
O/C=0.69
O/C~1.0
Sun, Y., et al. (2008) Size-resolved aerosol
chemistry at Whistler Mountain, Canada
with a high-resolution aerosol mass
spectrometer during INTEX-B, Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 9, 3095-3111, 2009.
8INTEX-B 2006
Coarse dust particles during Asian transport accumulates sulphate, nitrate
and organic PM in larger particles
Leaitch, et al. Evidence for Asian dust effects from aerosol plume
measurements during INTEX-B 2006 near Whistler, BC, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9,
3523-3546, 2009.
BAQSMet Summer 2007
June 2007 - Q-AMS upgraded to CToF AMS following
loss of electronics in plane crash
June/July 2007 - BAQSMet field study in SW Ontario
to examine lake effects on air quality; deployed on
Twin Otter aircraft
9Inlet design – John inlet lens pressure,
Jayne, Aerodyne
1.29 Torr
low pressure
region, 470 Torr
Identification of lake breeze fronts: June 25/07
12:00 noon Lambton
LSC
Detroit-
Windsor
LE
Pelee Island
10Processing differences across regimes: June 25/07
Early Afternoon (11:30-12:45 LT) Late Afternoon (16:00-17:45 LT)
OOA/OM OOA/OM
SO42-/(SO42-+SO2) SO42-/(SO42-+SO2)
separation of air masses due to the lake breezes
LE more regionally aged vs urban-influenced
ACSM at Whistler, B.C.
Whistler ACSM 2009
12 80
Carbon PM
Sulphur PM Carbon PM from forest fires
Mid-Stn (1320 m) Temperature
μg m )
-3
9 60
Sulphur PM from volcano in Russia
PM mass concentration (μ
Temperature ( C)
or Asian pollution?
Carbon PM from tree gases
o
(controlled by valley temperature)
6 40
3 20
0 0
16-Jul 21-Jul 26-Jul 31-Jul 05-Aug 10-Aug 15-Aug 20-Aug 25-Aug 30-Aug
Aug 17 – volcano eruption Date
Slide/data: R. Leaitch
11Laboratory Studies
J. Liggio, S.M.Li and R. McLaren, Heterogeneous
Reactions of Glyoxal on Particulate Matter: Identification
of Acetals and Sulfate Esters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39,
1532 1541, 2005
1532-1541
-significant reactive uptake to PM
-formation of oligomers
J.Liggio, S.M. Li and R. McLaren, Reactive uptake of
glyoxal by particulate matter
matter, J
J. Geophys
Geophys. Res
Res., 110
110,
D10304, doi:10.1029/2004JD005113, 2005
-heterogeneous loss as important as gas phase
loss mechanisms
Uptake of ambient organic gaseous
mixtures to laboratory generated aerosols
J. Liggio and S.M. Li
• Organics normalized by SO4 to account for wall losses
• Organics in aerosols increase slowly over time
• Possible reactive uptake
12Future Studies
• Laboratory chamber studies - uptake and reaction
mechanisms of VOCs and SVOCs on aerosols
• Laboratory studies on chemical and physical evolution of
primary
i particles
ti l from
f automotive
t ti engine
i emissions
i i
(ETC, Ottawa)
• Laboratory flow tube studies – chemical processes in
aerosol formation (York University)
• W-ToF AMS to CalNex, California, Summer 2010 (along
with SP2 and PTR-ToF) (Aerodyne)
• AMS to Darwin,
Darwin Australia for High-IWC
High IWC Study project
(aircraft and ground-based) Jan-Mar 2011
• AMS to Whistler, BC, Spring/Summer 2010 – cloud study
13You can also read
