FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC

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FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
FACTS & FIGURES
EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA
2018
FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
BEST NC (Business for
    Educational Success and
    Transformation) is a nonprofit
    organization created by business
    leaders who believe the future of
    our state’s economy is inseparable
    from the quality of our education.
    North Carolina’s education system
    must keep pace with the rapidly
    changing economic landscape of the
    21st century. BEST NC supports the
    creation of the boldest education
    success story in America, one
    that nurtures the talents of every
    student, from early learning to
    post-graduate, by investing in
    students, teachers, school leaders,
    innovation, and establishing high
    standards of success for all.

        www.NCEdFacts.org

        info@BEST-NC.org

        @BESTNC_org

        BESTNC

        BESTNorthCarolina

        @BESTNCorg
                                          BEST NC’s Vision:

                                          Every student graduates
                                          with the knowledge,
                                          skills and behaviors to
                                          succeed in a competitive
                          JANUARY 2018    global economy.
2
FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
This guide is designed to give you quick and easy
access to key data that will support you in your
work to improve North Carolina’s education system.

              Children & Students
              Who goes to school in North Carolina?
              Where do they go to school? How has
Pages 4-15    this changed over time?

              Educators
              Who is teaching in North Carolina,
              pre-k through postsecondary? How
Pages 16-31   do teachers enter the profession? How
              are educators compensated?

              Schools & Programs
              How many schools are in North Carolina?
              Where do students go to school from
Pages 32-39   pre-k to postsecondary? What schooling
              options do students have?

              Finance
              How is education paid for in North
              Carolina? How is funding distributed?
Pages 40-53   Are there funding inequities?

              Achievement
              How are students performing on state
              and national assessments? At what rate
Pages 54-75   do North Carolina students graduate
              from high school and postsecondary
              programs? How are students performing
              in higher education? Are our students
              prepared for careers and life?

                                                        3
FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
SECTION 1: Children & Students

      Children Living in                                    Children Under Six
      Households with Food                                  Receiving Developmental
      Insecurity (2014)                                     Screening (2015)
    25%                                                  60%

                                                         50%
    20%

                  22%                                    40%            54%
    15%                            20%
                                                         30%
    10%
                                                         20%
                                                                                        30%
     5%
                                                         10%

     0%                                                    0%
           North Carolina         National                      North Carolina          National

    Source: Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT Data Center, Zero to Three 2015 North Carolina State
    Baby Facts

                                                        NC Pathways to
                                                        Grade-Level Reading
                                                        (Pathways) is an initiative
                                            of the North Carolina Early
                                            Childhood Foundation (NCECF)
                                            in partnership with NC Child, the
    North Carolina Partnership for Children, and BEST NC. The Pathways
    icon indicates whole-child Measures of Success that put children on a
    pathway to grade-level reading. Information on the Pathways initiative
    is available at:
    www.buildthefoundation.org/pathways.

4
FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
SECTION 1: Children & Students

  Children Ages Zero to 18 Living At or Below 200% of the
  Federal Poverty Level (2015)
100%
                                                 76%
 80%                         67% 63%
                                                       61%
 60%                                                             52%
                                                                       42%
 40%       34% 30%                                                               33% 30%

 20%
   0%
             Asian             Black            Hispanic       Two or More        White
                                                                 Races
                                  North Carolina           National

Source: NC Child KIDS COUNT Data Center

  Low-Birthweight Babies (2015)
 15%                                      14%
                                                13%
         11%
 10%                                                                              9%
               8%        8% 8%                                         8%               8%
                                                         7% 7%              7%

   5%

   0%
        American          Asian            Black        Hispanic       White       Total
         Indian
                                  North Carolina           National

Source: NC Child Kids Count Data Center

In 2017, North Carolina was ranked 33rd overall in child wellbeing,
and 22nd in education in the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS
COUNT Project.
Source: Annie E. Casey Foundation 2017 KIDS COUNT Data Book
                                                                                             5
FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
SECTION 1: Children & Students

    North Carolina Pre-K (NC Pre-K)

                                   Since it was initiated in 2001, the NC Pre-K
            NC Pre-K               program (formerly More at Four) has served more
            began in               than 350,000 children. Students enrolled in NC
            2001                   Pre-K attend school for 6.5 hours per day, 180
                                   days per year.

           9 OUT                   North Carolina is one of only five states
                                   nationally to meet at least 9 out of the 10 quality
           OF 10                   benchmarks set by the National Institute for Early
            quality
        benchmarks met             Education Research.

            Families at            Children from families at or below 75% of the
             or below              state median income are eligible to enroll in NC
             75%                   Pre-K, along with English language learners,
                                   children with developmental disabilities or
          of the state
         median income             chronic health conditions, and children of active
          are eligible             duty military members.

               Over

             54%                   Current funding supports approximately 30,700
                                   NC Pre-K seats. Over 36,000 eligible children - or
         of eligible NC
         four-year-olds            54% of the eligible four-year-olds are not being
          are not being            served.
             served

    Source: Frank Porter Graham 2016 NC Pre-K Evaluation, NIEER 2016 State of Pre School Report, North
    Carolina Department of Health and Human Services

6
FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
SECTION 1: Children & Students

NC Pre-K Seats
40,000
35,000     33,798 34,212 33,747
                                                32,142
                                                                                        30,742
                                     29,311               29,346 29,271 28,757 29,017
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
 5,000
       0
            2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: Frank Porter Graham 2016 NC Pre-K Evaluation, North Carolina General Assembly – 2017
Appropriations Act

Percent of Four-Year-Olds Enrolled in State Pre-K
Programs (2016)

               22%                                                      32%

                                  North Carolina             National

Source: NIEER 2016 State of Pre School Report

                                                                                                 7
FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
SECTION 1: Children & Students

    Average Daily K-12 Student Membership by School Type
    2,000,000
                                                                                        127,847
    1,600,000                                                                           100,585
                                                                                         90,393

    1,200,000

    8,000,000          1,427,281           1,434,180      1,433,592     1,432,507      1,428,051

    4,000,000

               0
                         2013                2014          2015           2016          2017
         Traditional Public              Public Charter       Private School        Home School

    Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data, NC Home School Statistical Summary

    Demographics of K-12 Public Schools
    (Traditional and Charter)
    60%                                                                                52% 49%

    40%
                                                26% 26%
    20%                                                      14% 17%

               1% 1%           3% 3%                                       4% 4%
     0%
              American          Asian            Black       Hispanic Two or More White
               Indian                                                   Races
                                                 2013        2017

    Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

    Charter school and home school growth accounted for 94% of total
    growth in K-12 student membership over the past five years.
    Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
8
FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
SECTION 1: Children & Students

Children who are chronically absent in preschool,
kindergarten, and 1st grade are less likely to read at grade
level by the 3rd grade. Students who are chronically absent
from school are far more likely to eventually drop out.
Source: U.S. Department of Education 2015 Chronic Absenteeism Data Story

Chronic Absenteeism* in K-12 Public Schools (2015)

                                                                                              14%

                                                                                              13%
                                    North Carolina            National

*Students are classified as chronically absent if they miss 15 or more days of school in a single year.

Source: Attendance Works 2016 Preventing Missed Opportunity Report

7      % of North Carolina K-12 public school students are English
       language learners.
Source: NC DPI 2017 Limited English Proficiency Headcount Report
                                                                                                          9
SECTION 1: Children & Students

     Enrollment in K-12 Traditional Schools by District (2016-17)

     500                    30,000

               10,000                   75,000+

     Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
     State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
     Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data

     Five-Year Percent Change in K-12 Student Enrollment by
     School District (2012 to 2017)

-30%                           0%

                -10%                        4+%

     Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
     State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
     Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data

       While overall average daily membership in traditional K-12 public
       schools increased by 0.7% over the past five years, 78 out of 115
       districts experienced a decline in student membership.
       Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
10
SECTION 1: Children & Students

Charter Enrollment as Percent of Total K-12 Public School
Enrollment by District (2016-17)

0%                        12%

             4%                          20%+

Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data

Demographics of K-12 Traditional Public Schools vs. Public
Charter Schools (2016-17)
     60%                                                                                        56%
                                                                                          49%

     40%
                                              26% 26%
     20%                                                   17%
                                                                 9%
               1% 1%          3% 3%                                        4% 4%
      0%
              American         Asian            Black      Hispanic Two or More White
               Indian                                                 Races
                                     Traditional Public      Public Charter

Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

     6     % of K-12 public school students attend charter schools, up
           from 3% five years ago.
     Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
                                                                                                            11
SECTION 1: Children & Students

                                   Short-Term Suspension Rate by Race/Ethnicity in North
                                   Carolina K-12 Public Schools (2015-16)
                                   3.5                                3.17
# of Suspensions per 10 Enrolled

                                     3
                                           2.49
                                   2.5
                                     2                                                        1.69
                                   1.5                                                                           1.42

                                     1                                              0.89
                                                                                                         0.72
                                   0.5
                                                         0.17
                                     0
                                         American       Asian         Black       Hispanic Two or More   White   Total
                                          Indian                                             Races

                                   Source: NC DPI 2015-16 Consolidated Discipline Report

                                   In the 2015-16 academic year, 116,467 students received
                                   one or more short-term suspensions. These students were
                                   suspended an average of 1.86 times with an average total
                                   duration of 5.5 school days.

                                   Black students are suspended at more than four times the rate
                                   of white students; American Indian students are suspended at
                                   more than three times the rate of white students.
                                   Source: NC DPI 2015-16 Consolidated Discipline Report

                                   3.5 million hours of instructional time was lost in
                                   the 2015-16 academic year due to short-term suspensions.
        12
SECTION 1: Children & Students

National School Lunch Program
Public school children qualify for free meals if their family’s income is
130% of the federal poverty level or less ($31,980 per year for a family
of four). Students qualify for reduced price meals if family income is
131-185% of the federal poverty level (up to $45,510 per year for a
family of four).
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture National School Lunch Program Fact Sheet, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services 2017 Federal Poverty Guidelines

Short-Term Suspension Rate by Race/Ethnicity in North
Carolina K-12 Public Schools (2015-16)
 80%

                                                                                58%                       60%
 60%                            54%         54%         56%         56%
                                                                          51%         52% 53% 52%   52%
        48%         50%               48%         48%         50%
              43%         45%

 40%

 20%

   0%
         2008        2009        2010        2011        2012        2013        2014     2015+ 2016+ 2017+
                                        North Carolina                    National

Source: NC DPI Free & Reduced Meals Application Data, National Center for Education Statistics

+ The Community Eligibility Provision of the 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act provides
an alternative to household applications for free- and reduced-price meals for schools and
districts with an eligibility rate at or above 40%. Community eligibility improves the efficiency
and effectiveness of the National School Lunch Program by streamlining meal service, reducing
stigma, and reducing household and administrative burden. However, with the loss of student-level
eligibility data, free and reduced price meal participation after 2014 is becoming a less reliable
proxy for individual economic need.

Source: National Forum on Education Statistics – Alternative Measures of Socioeconomic Status in
Education Data Systems, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Community Eligibility Fact Sheet

                                                                                                                13
SECTION 1: Children & Students

     North Carolina Community College System Enrollment
     (Fall 2016)
      Fall Curriculum Enrollment
      Career and Technical Education                                                       105,923
      Transfer and General Education                                                       109,009
      Special Credit                                                                             9,539
      Total Curriculum Unduplicated Enrollment                                             223,651

      Fall Continuing Education Enrollment
      Basic Skills                                                                          44,163
      All Other Continuing Education                                                       173,536
      Total Continuing Education Unduplicated Enrollment                                   217,699

     Source: North Carolina Community College System – Statistical Reports

     UNC System and Independent College/University
     Enrollment (2016)
     250,000
                                33,683
     200,000
     150,000
     100,000
                                                                             37,885
      50,000
                                194,841                                      52,062
             0
                            UNC System                         North Carolina Independent
                                                                Colleges and Universities
                                         In-State        Out-of-State

     Source: UNC System Data Dashboard, North Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities -
     Quick Facts

14
SECTION 1: Children & Students

UNC System Enrollment Trends
250,000
200,000                                                                                         46,062
                      45,220               46,446             45,250           44,224

150,000
                      170,472              175,281            175,760          177,744          182,462
100,000
 50,000
        0
            2007       2008       2009      2010     2011     2012      2013   2014      2015    2016
                                    Undergraduate               Graduate

Source: UNC System Data Dashboard

UNC System Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity (2016)
             White                                                                              132,895
              Black                                  46,399
           Hispanic               13,491
      International             9,877
              Asian             9,196
Two or More Races               8,124
          Unknown               6,299
  American Indian         2,027
   Pacific Islander       216
                      0         20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

Source: UNC System Data Dashboard

UNC System Enrollment by Gender (2016)

   43%                          Female              Male
            57%

                          Source: UNC System Data Dashboard
                                                                                                          15
SECTION 2: Educators

     Educational Attainment of North Carolina Early
     Childhood Education (ECE) Teachers (2015)
                    1%

                                                            Bachelor’s Degree or Higher
            36%                    37%
                                                            Associate’s Degree
                                                            High School, Plus Any College Courses
                                                            High School Only
                         26%

     Source: Child Care Services 2015 North Carolina Early Childhood Education Workforce Report

     Statewide Wages for Early Childhood Education
     Teachers (2015)
      All Early Childhood Education Teachers                                           $10.46/hour
      NC Pre-K Teachers                                                                $17.49/hour

     Source: Child Care Services 2015 North Carolina Early Childhood Education Workforce Report

                       99%                                                51%
                                                             of ECE centers offer no health
            of ECE teachers are women
                                                           insurance benefits to employees

                       39%                                                18%
         of ECE teachers received public                     turnover rate of full-time ECE
         assistance within the last three                  teachers and teacher assistants
                      years                                             in 2015

     Source: Child Care Services 2015 North Carolina Early Childhood Education Workforce Report
16
SECTION 2: Educators

   Early Childhood Education (ECE) Teacher Preparation
   Enrollment In North Carolina Community Colleges
   16,000
   15,000
   14,000
   13,000
   12,000
   11,000
   10,000
            9,000
            8,000
                                            2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

   Source: NCCCS 2016 ECE Program Enrollment Counts

   Early Childhood Education Teacher Wage Gap (2016)
Average Salary of 2008-09 NCCCS Graduates

                                                                                          North Carolina
                                                                                          Community College
       (Four Years After Graduation)

                                                                                          System (NCCCS)
                                                                                          Graduates with an
                                                                             $30,287

                                                                                          Associate’s Degree
                                                                                          in Early Childhood
                                                                                          Education
                                                        $19,632

                                                                                          All Associate’s
                                                                                          Degree Graduates

   Source: NCCCS 2016 Graduate Wage Data
                                                                                                               17
SECTION 2: Educators

     Average SAT Scores for Education Majors and Non-
     Education Majors in the UNC System (2014-15)
     1400
     1300
     1200
     1100
     1000
      900
      800
      700
             UNC ASU      ECU ECSU FSU NCA&T NCCU NCSU UNCA UNCCH UNCC UNCG UNCP UNCW WCU WSSU
            System
             Total
                              Education Majors         Non-Education Majors

     Source: UNC Educator Quality Dashboard

     UNC System Educator Preparation Program Enrollment
     Trends
     20,000
     18,000
     16,000
     14,000      7,599         6,946

     12,000                               6,643       6,058
                                                                    5,164   5,171     5,525
     10,000
      8,000
      6,000      11,053
                              10,510      9,998       9,485
      4,000                                                         8,410   8,062     8,452
      2,000
          0
                Fall 2010 Fall 2011 Fall 2012 Fall 2013 Fall 2014 Fall 2015 Fall 2016
                Bachelor's Plus Other Educator Preparation Enrollments         Master's

                           Source: UNC Educator Quality Dashboard
18
SECTION 2: Educators

 Preparation Routes for North Carolina K-12 Teachers
 (2014-15)
 50%
 40%
 30%
 20%
 10%
  0%
         UNC System       Out-of-State     Alternative    North Carolina    Visiting           Teach for
                                              Entry          Private     International         America
                                                           Universities     Faculty

                 Beginning Teachers (0-2 Years of Experience)                   All Teachers

 Source: UNC Educator Quality Dashboard

 Teacher and Student Demographics in North Carolina
 K-12 Public Schools (2015-16)

80.1%       49.1%           15.0%        25.5%
SECTION 2: Educators

     North Carolina K-12 Public School Teachers (2016-17)

                                                                        80% White

                              20% Male                                  15% Black

                              80% Female                                5% All Other Races
        100,025 Total                                   100,025 Total

     North Carolina K-12 Public School Principals (2016-17)

                                                                        73% White

                              40% Male                                  24% Black

                              60% Female                                3% All Other Races
          2,640 Total                                    2,640 Total

     North Carolina K-12 Public School Assistant Principals
     (2016-17)

                                                                        65% White

                              37% Male                                  32% Black

                              63% Female                                4% All Other Races
          3,114 Total                                    3,114 Total

     Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

     10           % of North Carolina educators and other certified
                  personnel in traditional public schools are National
                  Board certified. North Carolina has more National Board
                  Certified Teachers than any other state in the nation.
20   Source: NC DPI National Board Certification Data
SECTION 2: Educators

North Carolina Teacher Effectiveness Distributions by
Title I Status (2015-16)
20%

15%
10%
 5%
    0
          Percentage of Teachers Rated                 Percentage of Teachers Rated
          “In Needed of Improvement”                        “Highly Effective”
                            Non-Title I Schools          Title I Schools

* North Carolina teachers are evaluated on a statewide rubric. Teachers who do not meet the level
of proficiency on the evaluation standards or the Student Growth measure are deemed “In Need
of Improvement.” Teachers who demonstrate greater than proficient ratings on the evaluation
standards and exceed expectations for Student Growth are deemed “Highly Effective.” More
information on teacher and principal evaluations can be found at:
 http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/effectiveness-model/data.

Source: NC DPI Consolidated State ESSA Plan

Percentage of National Board Certified Teachers by
School District Free and Reduced Meal Eligibility
Quartile (2016-17)
15%            13%
                                      10%
10%                                                          9%
                                                                                     7%

 5%

    0
        Lowest Poverty                                                      Highest Poverty
           Quartile                                                            Quartile
Source: NC DPI National Board Certification Data, NC DPI Free and Reduced Meals Application Data

                                                                                                    21
SECTION 2: Educators

     Classroom Teacher Allotments North Carolina Public Schools
     In North Carolina, the state allots teaching positions to each school district
     based on the number of students in each grade, according to specific ratios
     set by the General Assembly. The classroom teacher allotment is by far the
     largest single state allotment; salary and benefits for teaching positions
     represent approximately 55% of total state support for education. Over the
     past seven years, the state changed allotment ratios four times, generally
     decreasing student to teacher ratios in the lower grades, and increasing
     them in grades 4 through 12.

     15-Year Trends in Classroom Teacher Allotment Ratios for
     North Carolina Public Schools*
              2004-05
                                                                                          Net Effect from
      Grade     to      2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
                                                                                           2005 to 2019
              2010-11
      K         1:18      -         -     1:19     1:18      -     -         -       -              -
      1         1:18     1:17       -     1:18     1:17      -    1:16       -       -         1:18 to 1:16
      2-3       1:18     1:17       -     1:18     1:17      -     -         -       -         1:18 to 1:17
      4-6       1:21      -         -     1:24      -        -     -         -       -         1:22 to 1:24
      7-8       1:21      -         -     1:23      -        -     -         -       -         1:21 to 1:23
      9        1:24.5     -         -    1:26.5     -        -     -         -       -    1:24.5 to 1:26.5
      10-12   1:26.64     -         -     1:29      -        -     -         -       -     1:26.64 to 1:29

                        No Change          Class Size Decrease           Class Size Increase
     * Expressed as teachers per students in average daily membership

     Source: NC DPI Highlights of the Public School Budget

     In 2016, the General Assembly enacted legislation requiring actual average
     student to teacher ratios in grades K-3 not to exceed the allotment ratios
     starting in the 2018-19 academic year. This has sparked considerable
     debate, in part because for the first time since the development of the
     state’s Basic Educational Program, districts will be required to use the
     state’s full teaching position allotment to fund classroom teachers. Currently,
     there is no separate allotment for elementary school art, music, physical
     education, and world language teachers.

22
SECTION 2: Educators

Traditional K-12 Public School Teachers and Teacher
Assistants in North Carolina by Funding Source (2008 to 2017)
120,000

100,000              6,223
                                           6,313
                     5,878
                                           6,059
 80,000

 60,000

 40,000
                                                                   2,899
                                                                   4,237             1,937
 20,000                                                                             3,971
                    85,575                81,932                   22,441           15,720
         0
                     2008                 2017                     2008             2017
                               Teachers                               Teacher Assistants

                   State Funded            Federally Funded            Locally Funded

* For complete data on 10-year trends in district full-time personnel visit www.NCEdFacts.org.

Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

In 2016-17, there was one guidance counselor for every 369
students in North Carolina public schools. The American
Counseling Association recommends a maximum of 250
students for every one guidance counselor.
In 2016-17, there was one school nurse for every 1,086
students in North Carolina public schools. The National
Association of School Nurses recommends one school
nurse for every 750 students without special health needs.
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile, NC Division of Public Health

                                                                                                 23
SECTION 2: Educators

     Compensation for North Carolina K-12 Public School
     Teachers (2017-18)
     $90,000
     $80,000
     $70,000
     $60,000
     $50,000
     $40,000
     $30,000
     $20,000
     $10,000
            $0
                 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25+

         2017-18 State Base Salary                          State Health Insurance Contribution
                                                            ($5,869)
         State Retirement Contribution                      Average Local Supplement
         (17.13% of Salary)                                 (8.4% of Base Pay)
         Total Compensation with National                   Total Compensation with National
         Board and Average Local Supplement                 Board, Master's, and Average Local
                                                            Supplement
     Source: North Carolina General Assembly – 2017 Appropriations Act

     In 2017, North Carolina’s average teacher pay ranked 35th in the
     nation. Adjusting for cost-of-living, North Carolina’s average
     teacher pay ranked 27th nationally in 2017.
     Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.

     Source: National Education Association Rankings and Estimates, Missouri Economic Research and
     Information Center
24
SECTION 2: Educators

 Average Local Salary Supplement for North Carolina K-12
 Teachers by School District (2016-17)

$0                       $3,500

            $1,500                    $6,500+

 Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
 State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
 Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

     Average K-12 Teacher Salaries, Inflation Adjusted to
     2017 Dollars
     $65,000
     $60,000
     $55,000
     $50,000
     $45,000
     $40,000
     $35,000
     $30,000
                 2003       2005        2007        2009       2011        2013        2015        2017

                     North Carolina                                   Southeast Average

                     Georgia (Highest in the Southeast)               National Average*

     * 35 states have an average salary below the national average.

     Source: National Education Association Rankings and Estimates
                                                                                                             25
SECTION 2: Educators

     North Carolina Teachers and State Employee Retirement
     System and Health Benefits
     All full-time employees in North Carolina public schools participate in
     the state’s Teachers and State Employees Retirement System (TSERS).
     TSERS provides qualifying employees a guaranteed salary and individual
     health benefits upon retirement from state government.

     In North Carolina, employees vest in TSERS after five years of service.
     Employees may retire with unreduced benefits after 30 years at any age,
     after 25 years of service at age 60 or older, or after five years at age 65
     or older. Teachers contribute 6% of their pre-tax salary to TSERS, a rate
     that has been consistent since 1975.

     Nearly all states maintain a defined benefit (pension) plan for teachers
     and other state employees; in North Carolina and 29 other states all
     teachers also participate in social security.

     TSERS is roughly comparable to the national median state plan and
     significantly more generous than the private sector average. Retiree
     health benefits in North Carolina are significantly more generous than
     the national median state plan and the private sector.

     Active state employee premiums for individual health care coverage are
     more generous than most other state plans and the private sector, but
     less generous than average for family plans.

     Compensation Distribution                            Compensation Distribution
     for North Carolina K-12 Public                       for North Carolina Private
     School System Employees                              Sector Employees
     26%                              Salary              16%                              Salary
                                      Benefits                                             Benefits

                            74%                                                  84%
     Source: North Carolina TSERS Handbook, NCGA Fiscal Research Division – Comparison of the Value
     of Employee Benefits
26
SECTION 2: Educators

State Retirement Contributions for Teachers and Other
State Employees as a Percentage of Employee Salary
  30%

  25%

  20%
                                                                                           11.7%
  15%
           6.8%
  10%                                                                                       6.3%
           2.0%
    5%
           7.7%                                                                             7.7%
       0
               2000    2002     2004     2006    2008     2010    2012     2014    2016     2018

     FICA (Social Security and Medicare Benefits                 State Retiree Health Benefits

     State Pension and Other Benefits
Source: North Carolina General Assembly Fiscal Research Division – History of Budget Legislation

State Health Coverage Contributions for Teachers and
Other State Employees, Inflation Adjusted to 2017 Dollars
$7,000
                                                                                           $6,104
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
           $3,165
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
       0
               2000     2002    2004     2006    2008     2010     2012    2014     2016    2018
Source: North Carolina General Assembly Fiscal Research Division – History of Budget Legislation

                                                                                                    27
SECTION 2: Educators

               Teacher Turnover in North Carolina K-12 Schools by District
               (2016-17)

       5%                               16%

                            10%                      25%+

               13.5% State Average Teacher Turnover in 2016-17
               Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
               State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
               Source: NC DPI 2016-17 State of the Teaching Profession Report

               Average EVAAS Scores* of Teachers Who Remained in and
               Departed from North Carolina Public Schools (2016-17)
Average EVAAS Score

                                                                                           0.34              0.36
                                       0.24             0.23              0.24

                      -0.06

                                       -0.33                                                                -0.32
                                                        -0.49            -0.52             -0.50
                      -0.68

                      0-4              5-9             10-14             15-19           20-24             25-30
                                               Remained in North Carolina Public Schools
                                               Departed from North Carolina Public Schools

               *Teachers with EVAAS scores of zero are considered to be as effective as the hypothetical “average”
               North Carolina teacher.

               Source: NC DPI 2016-17 State of the Teaching Profession Report

    28
SECTION 2: Educators

Top Reasons for K-12 Teacher Turnover in North Carolina
(2016-17)
  To Teach in Another North Carolina
                                                                                              4,549
               Public School District
Retired with Full or Reduced Benefits                              2,043

                     Family Relocation                   1,006

                         Career Change               865

                Teach in Another State               767

    Family Responsibilities/Childcare              604
                                           0      1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000
Source: NC DPI 2016-17 State of the Teaching Profession Report

North Carolina Hard-to-Staff* K-12 Licensure Areas (2015-16)
   9th-12th Grade Math                                                              78%

         K-12 Special Ed.                                                   66%

9th-12th Grade Science                                                     64%

     6th-8th Grade Math                                                  59%

 6th-8th Grade Science                                             50%

  Special Ed. (Adapted)                                     40%

                                0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
                                          % of Districts Reporting Staffing Difficulties
*Hard-to-Staff licensure areas not included in the 2016-17 State of the Teaching Profession report.
Source: NC DPI 2015-16 State of the Teaching Profession Report

One-third of middle and high school math and science courses
are taught by teachers without licenses in the discipline they
are teaching.
Source: NC STEM Center 2014 Scorecard
                                                                                                      29
SECTION 2: Educators

     Principal Pay in North Carolina
     In recent years, principal pay in North Carolina ranked last in the Southeast
     and near the bottom nationally. In 2017, the North Carolina General Assembly
     transformed the state salary schedule for principals with an investment of $24M, or
     an average raise of approximately nine percent.

     The previous statewide schedule was based on each principals’ years of
     experience, level of education, and the number of teachers in the school they led.
     Annual state-funded pay ranged from $52,656 to $111,984, with an average of
     $64,416 in 2017. The updated schedule is based on the size of the school and the
     principal’s growth status (derived from students’ performance on standardized End-
     of-Course and End-of-Grade exams).

     2017-18 Principal Salary Schedule
      Average Daily Student                Base                  Met                   Exceeded
      Membership                          Salary                Growth                  Growth
      0-400                               $61,751               $67,926                 $74,101
      401-700                             $64,839               $71,322                 $77,806
      701-1,000                           $67,926               $74,719                 $81,511
      1,001-1,300                         $71,014               $78,115                 $85,216
      1,301+                              $74,101               $81,511                 $88,921

     Principals are also eligible for two stackable bonuses based on their school-level growth
     scores and school performance grades.

      Ranking (Statewide Growth           Bonus             Current            Prior         Bonus
      Percentage)                         Amount            Year               Year          Award
      Top 5%                              $5,000
                                                            Exceeded       Met/Did Not
      5-10%                               $4,000                                             $5,000
                                                            Growth        Exceed Growth
      10-15%                              $3,000
                                                                           Met/Did Not
      15-20%                              $2,000            Exceeded
                                                                          Exceed Growth      $10,000
                                                            Growth
      20-50%                              $1,000                          & D or F School

     Source: North Carolina General Assembly – 2017 Appropriations Act

     In the 2016-17 academic year, the average local salary supplement
     was $13,616 for principals and $7,027 for assistant principals.
     Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
30
SECTION 2: Educators

Average Local Salary Supplement for K-12 Principals in
North Carolina by School District (2016-17)

$0                      $12,500

          $6,500                     $25,000+

Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

 Higher Education Salaries in North Carolina vs. Southern
 Region Education Board (SREB) States
     $80,000

     $60,000

     $40,000           $76,944            $77,662                  $47,724             $52,070

     $20,000

          $0
                   Public Four-Year Institutions              Public Two-Year Institutions
                              North Carolina Average             SREB Average

 Source: SREB 2016 State Data Exchange

                                                                                                            31
SECTION 3: Schools & Programs

     North Carolina has 6,340 licensed child care programs; 4,561 are child
     care centers and 1,779 are family child care homes. North Carolina uses
     a range of one to five stars to rate early learning programs. Programs
     that meet minimum standards receive one star, while programs
     exceeding these requirements may apply to receive up to five stars.
     Source: Child Care Services Association 2017 Statewide Facts, NC Department of Health and Human
     Services NC Pre-K Overview

     Children in Four- or Five-Star Early Learning Programs

                95%                                          69%
                NC Pre-K                                     Child Care Centers (Ages 0-5)
     Source: Frank Porter Graham 2016 NC Pre-K Evaluation, Child Care Services Association 2017 State-
     wide Facts

     North Carolina K-12 Schools by Type (2017-18)
      Traditional Public                                                                        2,461
      Public Charter                                                                              173
      Regional and Lab Schools                                                                      3
      Statewide: Deaf, Blind, Virtual                                                               5
      Private                                                                                     752
      Total K-12 Schools                                                                        3,394

                                                                                    Traditional Public
                                                                                    Private
                                                                                    Charter

                                     73%                                  22%                    5%
     Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data, NC 2017 Directory of Non-Public Schools
32
If homeschooling were a district, it would be the 3rd largest
district in North Carolina. Private schools would be the
4th largest, and charter schools would be the 5th largest.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data, NC Private School Statistics, NC Home School Statistical
Summary

North Carolina K-12 Public School Districts
North Carolina has 115 school districts (otherwise known as Local
Education Agencies or LEAs).

       12,457 Students                                   6,020 Students
        Average District Size                             Median District Size
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data

               34%                         Wake and Mecklenburg counties each
                                           enrolled more students than the 53
      of students attend the
   largest five school districts           smallest districts combined.

Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
                                                                                                   33
SECTION 3: Schools & Programs

     Children with Disabilities in North Carolina K-12 Public Schools
     Who Receive Special Education Services by Race (2017)
     20% 17.8%                           17.4%
                                                                  14.3%   13.8%   14.3%
     15%                                             12.4%
     10%
                            6.1%
      5%
      0%
            American        Asian        Black      Hispanic Two or More White    Total
             Indian                                            Races

     The North Carolina Department of Public Instruction Exceptional Children
     Division supports local school districts to develop and implement
     individualized education plans for 204,000 students with disabilities in
     North Carolina K-12 public schools.
     Source: NC DPI Exceptional Children Division

     Children in Academically and Intellectually Gifted Programs
     in North Carolina K-12 Public Schools by Race (2017)
     30%
     25%                   24.1%

     20%                                                                  18.4%
     15%                                                          11.9%           12.5%
     10%       6.9%
                                         4.9%         5.5%
      5%
      0%
            American        Asian        Black      Hispanic Two or More White    Total
             Indian                                            Races
     Source: NC DPI Division of Advanced Learning and Gifted Education

     178,000 students are enrolled in gifted education programming. White
     students are enrolled at nearly four times the rate of black students.
     Source: NC DPI Division of Advanced Learning and Gifted Education
34
SECTION 3: Schools & Programs

North Carolina Cooperative Innovate High Schools
(2016-17)
 Number of Schools                                                                   125
 Students Currently Enrolled                                                    21,272
 Percentage of CIHS Students Promoted to the Next Grade Level Each Year             >95%
 Percent of Community College Courses Passed with C or Better (2016)                85%

Source: NC DPI Evaluation of Innovative High School Programs

North Carolina’s College and Career Promise
College and Career Promise offers opportunities for qualified high school
students to enroll tuition-free in community college courses that provide
pathways leading to a certificate, diploma, or degree. In 2017, nearly
22,000 North Carolina high school students participated in the College
and Career Promise program. More than 80% of students enrolled earn a
‘C’ or better in college coursework.
Source: NC DPI Advanced Learning – College and Career Promise

Career and Technical Education (CTE)
Career and Technical Education (CTE) in North Carolina public schools
provides students with academic, technical, and employability skills
along with industry-recognized certifications and licensure that have
value in local, regional, state, and global economies.

More than 99,000 North Carolina public school students earned one or
more CTE credentials in the 2016-17 academic year.
Source: NC DPI – Career and Technical Education

1 in 5 North Carolina high school students earned one or more
Career and Technical Education certifications and/or were dually
enrolled in the North Carolina Community College System in the
2016-17 academic year.
                                                                                           35
SECTION 3: Schools & Programs

     North Carolina Teaching Fellows
     In 2017 the North Carolina General Assembly established a revised
     Teaching Fellows Program focused on recruiting, preparing, and
     supporting highly effective public school teachers in the hardest to
     staff subject areas: STEM and special education.

     The Teaching Fellows Commission will recruit high school seniors,
     current college students, and bachelor’s degree holders into the
     teaching profession with forgivable loans of up to $8,250 annually
     to attend the most effective public and private teacher education
     programs. Accelerated loan forgiveness will be provided for Fellows
     who teach in a low-performing school. The first cohort of Teaching
     Fellows will begin training in the 2018-19 academic year at UNC
     Chapel Hill, UNC Charlotte, NC State University, Elon University, and
     Meredith College.

     Transforming Principal Preparation Program (TP3)
     Enacted by the North Carolina General Assembly in 2015, TP3 is
     a competitive grant program that makes selection into principal
     preparation programs more rigorous and intentional.

     The program integrates key components that the nation’s most
     successful programs share, including:
         Proactive, intentional                A focus on authentic
         recruitment efforts                   partnerships with and
         A high bar for entry                  preparation for service
         A full-time, paid residency           in high-need schools and
                                               districts
     The first two cohorts of approximately 120 principal candidates
     recruited and trained under TP3 will be eligible to assume leadership
     roles in North Carolina public schools in 2018 and 2019, respectively.

36
SECTION 3: Schools & Programs

School Systems as Employers
Traditional K-12 public school districts are the single largest employer in
68 North Carolina counties, a top-3 employer in 97 counties, and a top-5
employer in all 100 counties.

UNC system universities are the single largest employer in three North
Carolina counties.

Largest Employers by North Carolina County (2017)

         Health Services                  Manufacturing                     Higher Education
         Other                            K-12 Education                    Public Administration

Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: North Carolina Department of Commerce

                                                                                                            37
SECTION 3: Schools & Programs

     Access to Technology in K-12 Schools
     North Carolina is nationally recognized as a leader in bringing broadband
     Internet access to public schools.

     Through the School Connectivity Initiative (SCI), every $1 in state funds is
     leveraged with at least $3.50 in federal funds to deliver high-speed Internet
     to virtually every K-12 public school in North Carolina. More than two-thirds
     of school districts have at least one Internet access point per classroom.

     In the past five years, Internet bandwidth delivered to K-12 public schools
     increased eightfold. According to the North Carolina Department of
     Public Instruction’s 2017 SCI report, peak Internet usage in K-12 public
     schools is double that of the community college system, UNC system, and
     independent colleges and universities combined.

     Do Districts and Schools Include Digital Teaching and
     Learning in Strategic Plans?
No Yes

                                                     No Yes

                        100                                                 1,831

           15                                                    682
                                            LEAs           Schools

     Digital Access

                  66                               17.06                           28.87
          % of schools with at          % of schools w/ at least            % of schools with
         least one access point        one grade participating in           at least one grade
             per classroom                   a 1:1 program                 participating in BYOD
     Source: NC DPI School Connectivity Report, NC Digital Learning and Media Inventory One-Pager
38
Higher Education Institutions in North Carolina (2017)
North Carolina Community College System (NCCCS)

58 Community Colleges

UNC System

17 Public Campuses

Independent Colleges and Universities

36 Institutions

                                                         39
SECTION 4: Finance

     North Carolina General Fund Appropriations (2017-18)
      Public Schools                                                          9,046,403,622 38.9%
      Community Colleges                                                      1,121,815,001     4.8%
      UNC System                                                              2,893,775,349 12.4%
      Health & Human Services                                                 5,253,299,542 22.6%
                HHS: Division of Child Development & Early Education              268,428,501    1.2%

      Justice & Public Safety                                                 2,701,955,002 11.6%
      General Government                                                        405,374,812     1.7%
      Natural & Economic Resources                                              587,553,659     2.5%
      Information Technology                                                     51,500,581     0.2%
      Reserves, Capital Improvements, Debt Services                             914,092,325     3.9%
      Total                                                                 $23,244,198,394     100%

                                 0.2% 2.5%                             Public Schools
                                              1.7%
                                3.9%                                   Community Colleges
                                                                       UNC System
                                                                       Health & Human Services
                                                                       Justice & Public Safety
                                          11.6%
                                                                       General Government
               38.9%                                                   Natural & Economic Resources
                                                                       Information Technology
                                                                       Reserves, Capital
                                         22.6%
                                                                       Improvements, Debt Services

                 4.8%                             5% of the Health and Human Services
                           12.4%                  budget ($268M) is invested in Child
                                                  Development & Early Education.

     Source: North Carolina General Assembly – 2017 Appropriations Act

40
     57          % of North Carolina General Fund Appropriations
                 support public education.
     Source: North Carolina General Assembly – 2017 Appropriations Act
SECTION 4: Finance

Total Spending per Child Enrolled in State Pre-K
Programs (2016)
$10,000

 $8,000
                               $2,554
 $6,000
                                                                          $720
 $4,000
                               $5,301                                    $4,976
 $2,000

       $0
                         North Carolina                          National Average
                                  State          Federal and Local*

* Pre-K programs may receive additional funds from federal or local sources that are not included in
this figure. To learn more, check out the NC Early Childhood Foundation Cost of NC Pre-K Fact Sheet.

Source: NIEER 2016 State of Pre School Report

State Spending per Child Enrolled in NC Pre-K,
Inflation Adjusted to 2016 Dollars
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
       0
            2007     2008     2009      2010    2011     2012     2013     2014     2015     2016
Source: NIEER 2016 State of Pre School Report
                                                                                                       41
SECTION 4: Finance

     K-12 Education Finance in North Carolina
     In North Carolina and nationwide, public education is financed through
     federal, state, and local expenditures. Nearly two-thirds of total K-12 public
     education funding in North Carolina comes from the state through position,
     dollar, and category allotments (such as allotments for teachers, principals,
     teacher assistants, textbooks, classroom materials, and transportation).

     Districts receive additional funding from the state based on student learning
     needs (such as for children with disabilities, English language learners, and
     economically disadvantaged students). The state also provides supplemental
     funding to low-wealth counties (68 across the state) and small counties (27).

     Combining state funding allotments, a first grade student
     with no special learning needs would receive $5,861 in
     state education funding; an economically disadvantaged
     first grade student with limited English proficiency and
     special learning needs in a small, low-wealth county
     would receive $17,279 in state education funding.

     Roughly 11% of K-12 public education funding in North Carolina comes
     from the Federal government. Federal funds mainly support child nutrition,
     students with disabilities, and students from low-income households.

     Distribution of Federal K-12 Funds (2017)
           1%                                Child Nutrition
                      8%
                                             Title I
                                             Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
                23%          36%             Vocational Education
                                             Other

                      32%                Source: NC DPI 2017 Highlights of the Public School
                                         Budget
42
SECTION 4: Finance

K-12 Education Finance (Continued)
In addition to state and federal funds, local North Carolina counties
provide additional funding to supplement state support for K-12 school
operations; and provide funds to build, furnish, and maintain K-12 school
buildings. Local dollars fund nearly 28,000 positions in K-12 public
schools, including 7,315 service workers, 6,313 teachers, 1,937 teacher
assistants, and 756 assistant principals across the state. Local funds
for school operations range from $849 per pupil in Robeson County
to $6,151 in Chapel-Hill/Carrboro City Schools. See p. 46 for capital
expenditures information.

Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.

Top-10 Local K-12 Operating Expenditures
                   Classroom Instruction                                                  $877

                Public Utilities & Energy                         $310

                  Building Maintenance                        $293

                       School Leadership                     $243

Payments to Other Government Units*                        $200

                           Child Nutrition            $129
                                                                         These 10
                     Technology Support               $110
                                                                         categories
                                                                         constitute 72%
                      Custodial Services              $106
                                                                         of total local
                                                     $105                expenditures.
Instruction for Children with Disabilities

                           Transportation            $78
                                                $0                $400            $800
                                                                                    In Millions
* Predominately transfers to charter schools.

Source: NC DPI Annual Expenditure Report by LEA

                                                                                                  43
SECTION 4: Finance

     North Carolina K-12 Education Funding Compared to the
     National Average (Fiscal Year 2015)
                                                          North Carolina        National Average
      Total Revenue Per Pupil                                  $8,974                   $13,246
      State %                                              $5,579 (62%)             $6,238 (47%)
      Federal %                                            $1,085 (12%)             $1,099 (8%)
      Local %                                              $2,310 (26%)             $5,910 (45%)

     Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 Public Education Finances Report on Fiscal Year 2015

     In 2015, total per pupil revenues ranged from $7,906 in Idaho to $24,116
     in New York. The percentage of total revenue provided by the state (as
     opposed to local or federal sources) ranged from 30% in South Dakota
     to 90% in Vermont.
     Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.

     According to Article IX Section 2 of the North Carolina
     Constitution: “The General Assembly shall provide by
     taxation and otherwise for a general and uniform system
     of free public schools, which shall be maintained at
     least nine months in every year, and wherein equal
     opportunities shall be provided for all students.”

     31st     32nd    33rd     34th    35th     36th    37th                                        39th

     North Carolina ranked 38th in the country in per pupil spending and 10th for the
     percentage of education funding provided by the state in 2017.
     Source: NEA 2017 Rankings and Estimates

      6th     7th      8th     9th                                       11th    12th        13th   14th

44
SECTION 4: Finance

K-12 Public School Expenditure Distribution by Function
(Fiscal Year 2015)
50% 43%
        38%
40%
30%
                                                                                            23%
                                                17% 17%                              19%
20%                          14% 15%
10%                                                                   6%      7%

 0%
         Salaries &           Employee          Salaries &            Employee
          Wages                Benefits          Wages                 Benefits
              Instructional Personnel                 Support Service Personnel        All Other
                                                                                     Expenditures

                              North Carolina             National Average
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 report on FY 2015

In North Carolina, 57% of K-12 expenditures fund the salary and
benefits of instructional personnel, compared to 54% nationally.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 report on FY 2015

State Revenue Sources for K-12 Public Education (2016-17)
       General Fund Appropriations                                                          $8,733
                   Lottery: Operating          $372
                       Civil Penalties         $174
       Lottery: School Construction            $100
Dept. of Revenue Sales Tax Refund              $53
               Indian Game Funding             $6
                                          $0                   $4,000              $8,000
                                                                                       In Millions
Source: North Carolina General Assembly Fiscal Research Division – History of
Budget Legislation, North Carolina Office of Budget and Management – 2015-17
Certified Budget
                                                                                                     45
SECTION 4: Finance

                           Capital Expenditures for K-12 Public Schools by Source
                           $1,600
                           $1,400
Expenditures in Millions

                           $1,200
                           $1,000
                             $800
                             $600
                             $400
                             $200
                                 $0
                                         2008     2009     2010     2011   2012    2013    2014     2015   2016   2017

                                                            Local          State          Federal

                           Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

                           Distribution of North Carolina K-12 Public School Capital
                           Expenditures by Source (2008 to 2017)
                                                                                            Local: 96%

                           State: 3%
                                                   Federal: 1%

                           Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

                           North Carolina’s 115 local school districts report                       $8 billion
                           in capital infrastructure needs over the next five years.
                           Source: NC DPI School Planning Section
      46
SECTION 4: Finance

  North Carolina Education Lottery
  The North Carolina Education Lottery was created with the enactment
  of House Bill 1023 in 2005. By law, education-directed lottery revenues
  were intended to support NC Pre-K, reduce class size, provide financial aid
  for low-income students to attend college, and support the public school
  building capital fund.

  This funding prescription was eliminated in 2013. Currently, the bulk of
  education-directed lottery revenues fund non-instructional supports such as
  clerical assistants, custodians, and substitute teachers.

  North Carolina Education Lottery: Education-Directed
  Spending by Category
  2018-2019
  2017-2018
  2016-2017
  2015-2016
  2014-2015
  2013-2014
  2012-2013
  2011-2012
  2010-2011
  2009-2010
               $0                                      $4,000                                 $8,000
                                                                                           In Millions
    Public School Building Capital Fund                   Needs-Based Public School Building Capital Fund
    Classroom Teachers                                    NC Pre-K
    Tuition Assistance for Low-Income Students            Digital Learning
    Non-Instructional Support                             Teacher Assistants
    LEA Transportation
Source: North Carolina General Assembly Fiscal Research Division – History of
Budget Legislation
                                                                                                         47
SECTION 4: Finance

     Per Pupil Expenditures for North Carolina K-12 Public
     Schools, Inflation Adjusted to 2017 Dollars
     $10,000
      $8,000
      $6,000
      $4,000
      $2,000
            $0
                      1999     2001       2003     2005   2007     2009   2011     2013   2015     2017

                                      State           Local          Federal

     Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

     State per Pupil Expenditures by Free & Reduced Meal
     Eligibility (2015-16)
     $8,000                                                                               $6,645
                                          $5,711          $5,932          $6,216
     $6,000          $5,364

     $4,000
     $2,000
           $0
                 Lowest F&RM                                                          Highest F&RM
                   Eligibility                                                          Eligibility
                               School District Quintiles by F&RM Eligibility

     Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

     North Carolina is one of just six states nationally that provide at
     least 10% more per pupil funding to high poverty districts than low
     poverty districts.
     Source: Ed Build 2016 Resource Inequality Map
48
SECTION 4: Finance

  State-Funded K-12 per Pupil Spending by District (2016-17)

$5,400                    $7,500

            $6,500                     $11,500+

  Average: $5,957
  Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
  State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
  Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

  Total K-12 per Pupil Spending by District (2016-17)

$8,000                    $11,500

            $9,500                     $14,000+

  Average: $9,172
  Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
  State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
  Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile

  North Carolina earned a “C" for funding equity and an "F" for funding
  effort on the Education Law Center's national school funding report
  card in 2017.
  Source: Education Law Center 2017 School Funding Fairness Report                                            49
SECTION 4: Finance

     North Carolina Community College System (NCCCS):
     State Spending per Full-Time Student,
     Inflation Adjusted to 2015 Dollars
     $6,000
     $5,500
     $5,000
     $4,500
     $4,000
     $3,500
     $3,000
     $2,500
     $2,000
                 2007      2008      2009     2010      2011      2012      2013     2014      2015
     Source: NC General Assembly Fiscal Research Historical Education Expenditures, Fiscal Year 2006-07
     to Fiscal Year 2014-15

     UNC System: State Spending per Full-Time Student,
     Inflation Adjusted to 2015 Dollars
     $18,000
     $17,000
     $16,000
     $15,000
     $14,000
     $13,000
     $12,000
     $11,000
     $10,000
      $9,000
      $8,000
                  2007     2008      2009      2010      2011     2012      2013      2014     2015

     Source: NC General Assembly Fiscal Research Historical Education Expenditures, Fiscal Year 2006-07
     to Fiscal Year 2014-15
50
SECTION 4: Finance

Funding for Higher Education per Full Time Student
(2015-16)

                                $8,690

                         $7,120

                             North Carolina            National Average

Source: College Board – Trends in Higher Education: Institutional Finances

Average In-State Tuition and Fees at Public Four-Year
Institutions (2017-18)

                         $7,380

                                     $9,970

                             North Carolina            National Average

Source: College Board – Trends in College Pricing: Figures & Tables

 7th     8th                                        10th     11th     12th   13th   14th   15th

North Carolina’s funding for public higher education ranks 9th nationally.

 7th                                        9th     10th     11th     12th   13th   14th   15th

Average tuition in North Carolina’s public four-year universities is the
8th lowest nationally.
Source: College Board – Trends in Higher Education: Institutional Finances
                                                                                                  51
SECTION 4: Finance

     Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
     The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) must be filled out by
     anyone seeking federal aid to help fund their higher education expenses.

     FAFSA Completion Rates by District (2016-17)

35%                           60%

                50%                        70+%

     Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
     State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
     Source: U.S. Dept. of Education Office of Federal Student Aid – 2017-18 FAFSA Completion Rates

       91 out of 115 North Carolina public school districts have
       a FAFSA completion rate of at least 55%.
       Source: U.S. Dept. of Education Office of Federal Student Aid – 2017-18 FAFSA Completion Rates
52
SECTION 4: Finance

“The General Assembly shall provide that the benefits
of The University of North Carolina and other public
institutions of higher education, as far as practicable, be
extended to the people of the State free of expense.”
– Article IX, Section 9, North Carolina Constitution

Average College Debt and Percentage of College
Graduates with Debt (2016)
$35,000                                                                                       100%
$30,000                                                       $28,776
                             $25,562                                                          80%
$25,000
$20,000                                                                                       60%
                              58%                               60%
$15,000                                                                                       40%
$10,000
                                                                                              20%
 $5,000
       $0                                                                                     0%
                       North Carolina                  National Median
                Average Debt: Four-Year Public and Private Nonprofit Institution
                Percentage with Debt

Source: Institute for College Access & Student Success – Student Debt and the Class of 2016

 7th                                       9th      10th    11th     12th    13th     14th     15th

In 2016, North Carolina graduates had the 8th lowest average
student debt.
Source: Institute for College Access & Student Success – Student Debt and the Class of 2016

                                                                                                      53
SECTION 5: Achievement

     Statewide Assessments for K-12 Students

      Test                                                                    State         Federal

      Kindergarten Entry Assessment                                            

      K-3 mClass Reading (Various Assessments)                                 

      3rd Grade Beginning-of-Grade Reading                                     

      3rd-8th Grade End-of-Grade Tests in Both Math and
                                                                                              
      English, also in Science for 5th and 8th Grades

      End-of-Course in Biology, Math I, and English II                                        

      ACT Testing Suite, Given in 8th, 10th, and
                                                                               
      11th Grades
      North Carolina Final Exams, Given in Otherwise
                                                                               
      Untested Grades and Subjects
      Career and Technical Education (CTE) Assessments in
                                                                                              
      All CTE Courses

     Subgroups of students, such as English Language Learners, Advanced
     Placement, and International Baccalaureate students participate in
     additional state and federal testing. In addition, local districts often
     require multiple additional assessments, such as interim or benchmark
     tests, that may provide educators in the district with additional
     information about student growth and achievement. A statistical sample
     of students in North Carolina and all states nationally also take the
     National Assessments for Educational Progress (NAEP) every two years.
     Note: All assessments above are given to the majority of students in North Carolina.

     Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division

54
SECTION 5: Achievement

North Carolina has led the nation in accountability since
the establishment of the ABCs of Public Education in
1995, administering end-of-grade and end-of-course
assessments well before the federal testing mandates of
No Child Left Behind in 2001.
Source: NC DPI ABCs Accountability Model

Performance on North Carolina End-of-Grade (EOG) and
End-of-Course (EOC) Exams
Performance on North Carolina End-of-Grade (EOG) and End-of-Course
(EOC) exams is broken out into five achievement levels.

                            Command of
                                                       Indicates             On Track for
    Achievement             Grade-Level
                                                      Grade-Level            College and
       Level               Knowledge and
                                                      Proficiency          Career Readiness
                               Skills
           5                    Superior                   Yes                      Yes
           4                      Solid                    Yes                      Yes
           3*                  Sufficient                  Yes                      No
           2                     Partial                    No                      No
           1                     Limited                    No                      No

Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division

* Students performing at this level have a sufficient command of grade-level knowledge and skills,
but may need academic support to engage successfully in the next grade level.

                                                                                                     55
SECTION 5: Achievement

     North Carolina Read to Achieve
     The Read to Achieve Program was established by the North Carolina General Assembly
     in 2012. The primary goal of the program is to ensure that every student is reading at
     or above grade level by the end of third grade.

     Key components of the Read to Achieve Program include:

          Kindergarten entry assessment                      State-provided summer school for
          within the first 30 days of school                 students not proficient in reading by
          Student progress monitoring via                    the end of 1st, 2nd, or 3rd grade
          formative and diagnostic assessment                Various 3rd grade promotion and
          tools in grades K-2                                retention decisions based on
          Beginning-of-grade reading                         student proficiency
          assessment, ongoing formative
          and diagnostic assessments, and
          portfolios for struggling readers in
          third grade

     North Carolina Read to Achieve Program: 3rd Grade Literacy Results
     100%
      80%            60%                    59%                    58%                    58%

      60%
      40%                                   13%                    13%                    14%
                     15%
                                            4%                     3%                     3%
                     2%
      20%            8%                     10%                    11%                    11%
                     13%                    14%                    14%                    14%
        0%
                  2013-14                2014-13                2015-16               2016-17
         Demonstrated Proficiency on the Beginning or End-of-Grade-Reading Exam or Retest
         Passed an Alternative Assessment Approved by the State Board of Ed.
         Proficient After Attending Reading Camp
         Exempt from Mandatory Retention in 3rd Grade for Good Cause
         Retained for Not Demonstrating Reading Proficiency on 3rd Grade Standards
     Source: NC DPI K-3 Literacy Accountability Measures

     Reading proficiency by the end of 3rd grade is the single greatest predictor of
     high school graduation and later success.
     Source: Annie E. Casey Foundation – Early Warning! Why Reading by the End of Third Grade Matters
56
SECTION 5: Achievement

                                                      North Carolina K-12 Students On Track for College and
                                                      Career by Subject
                                                                                                                    44%
                                                                                                                     47%
                                                            3rd-8th Grade Math                                       48%
North Carolina End-of-Grade and End-of-Course Exams

                                                                                                                    45%
                                                                                                                    46%
                                                         3rd-8th Grade Reading                                      46%

                                                                                                                              59%
                                                                                                                                63%
                                                        5th & 8th Grade Science                                                 63%

                                                                                                                     49%
                                                                                                                      50%
                                                                        Algebra I                                         54%

                                                                                                                      50%
                                                                                                                      50%
                                                          High School English II                                      50%

                                                                                                                    45%
                                                                                                                     47%
                                                                          Biology                                    48%
                                                                                      0%          20%         40%         60%         80%   100%

                                                                                    2014-15         2015-16         2016-17

                                                      Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division

                                                      54          % of 3rd grade students in North Carolina public schools
                                                                  are not meeting rigorous state standards in reading.
                                                      Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division
                                                                                                                                               57
SECTION 5: Achievement

                           School Performance Grades and Value-Added Growth
                           Status (2016-17)
                           A/A+NG           97    74 2
School Performance Grade

                                    B             288                344             73

                                    C            227                  511                        290

                                    D 52           218         193

                                    F 1 37 57

                                        0              200      400            600         800         1,000        1,200
                                                             # of North Carolina K-12 Public Schools

                               Exceeded Expectations              Met Expectations            Did Not Meet Expectations

                           Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division

                           School Grade Calculation
                           80% School Achievement Score and 20% Value-Added Growth Score**

                           School grades are assigned on a 15-point scale:
                           A = 85-100; B = 70-84; C = 55-69; D = 40-54; F = < 40
                           * A+NG schools earn an A rating and have no significant achievement gaps between student groups.

                           ** The value-added growth model designates a school as having exceeded, met, or not met student
                           performance expectations. Schools meet performance expectations if students in the school
                           maintain their relative academic standing compared to students across the state with similar
                           performance on previous state tests.

                           Source: EVAAS Statistical Models 2010 White Paper

      58
SECTION 5: Achievement

                                               School-Level Achievement Results by Free and Reduced
                                               Price Meal Eligibility Rate (2016-17)
                                               100%
                                                90%
EOC/EOG Exam College & Career Readiness Rate

                                                80%
                                                70%
                                                60%
                                                50%
                                                40%
                                                30%
                                                20%
                                                10%
                                                  0%
                                                       0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
                                                                                         F&RM Eligibility Rate

                                               Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division, NC DPI Free & Reduced Meal Application Data

                                               Across North Carolina, school grades and proficiency
                                               rates are strongly correlated with household income.
                                               However, more than 300 schools statewide (13%)
                                               serve higher than average percentages of low-income
                                               students while attaining higher than average student
                                               achievement results.
                                               Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division, NC DPI Free & Reduced Meal Application Data

                                                                                                                                              59
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