FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA - BEST NC
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FACTS & FIGURES EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA 2018
BEST NC (Business for
Educational Success and
Transformation) is a nonprofit
organization created by business
leaders who believe the future of
our state’s economy is inseparable
from the quality of our education.
North Carolina’s education system
must keep pace with the rapidly
changing economic landscape of the
21st century. BEST NC supports the
creation of the boldest education
success story in America, one
that nurtures the talents of every
student, from early learning to
post-graduate, by investing in
students, teachers, school leaders,
innovation, and establishing high
standards of success for all.
www.NCEdFacts.org
info@BEST-NC.org
@BESTNC_org
BESTNC
BESTNorthCarolina
@BESTNCorg
BEST NC’s Vision:
Every student graduates
with the knowledge,
skills and behaviors to
succeed in a competitive
JANUARY 2018 global economy.
2
This guide is designed to give you quick and easy
access to key data that will support you in your
work to improve North Carolina’s education system.
Children & Students
Who goes to school in North Carolina?
Where do they go to school? How has
Pages 4-15 this changed over time?
Educators
Who is teaching in North Carolina,
pre-k through postsecondary? How
Pages 16-31 do teachers enter the profession? How
are educators compensated?
Schools & Programs
How many schools are in North Carolina?
Where do students go to school from
Pages 32-39 pre-k to postsecondary? What schooling
options do students have?
Finance
How is education paid for in North
Carolina? How is funding distributed?
Pages 40-53 Are there funding inequities?
Achievement
How are students performing on state
and national assessments? At what rate
Pages 54-75 do North Carolina students graduate
from high school and postsecondary
programs? How are students performing
in higher education? Are our students
prepared for careers and life?
3
SECTION 1: Children & Students
Children Living in Children Under Six
Households with Food Receiving Developmental
Insecurity (2014) Screening (2015)
25% 60%
50%
20%
22% 40% 54%
15% 20%
30%
10%
20%
30%
5%
10%
0% 0%
North Carolina National North Carolina National
Source: Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT Data Center, Zero to Three 2015 North Carolina State
Baby Facts
NC Pathways to
Grade-Level Reading
(Pathways) is an initiative
of the North Carolina Early
Childhood Foundation (NCECF)
in partnership with NC Child, the
North Carolina Partnership for Children, and BEST NC. The Pathways
icon indicates whole-child Measures of Success that put children on a
pathway to grade-level reading. Information on the Pathways initiative
is available at:
www.buildthefoundation.org/pathways.
4
SECTION 1: Children & Students
Children Ages Zero to 18 Living At or Below 200% of the
Federal Poverty Level (2015)
100%
76%
80% 67% 63%
61%
60% 52%
42%
40% 34% 30% 33% 30%
20%
0%
Asian Black Hispanic Two or More White
Races
North Carolina National
Source: NC Child KIDS COUNT Data Center
Low-Birthweight Babies (2015)
15% 14%
13%
11%
10% 9%
8% 8% 8% 8% 8%
7% 7% 7%
5%
0%
American Asian Black Hispanic White Total
Indian
North Carolina National
Source: NC Child Kids Count Data Center
In 2017, North Carolina was ranked 33rd overall in child wellbeing,
and 22nd in education in the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS
COUNT Project.
Source: Annie E. Casey Foundation 2017 KIDS COUNT Data Book
5
SECTION 1: Children & Students
North Carolina Pre-K (NC Pre-K)
Since it was initiated in 2001, the NC Pre-K
NC Pre-K program (formerly More at Four) has served more
began in than 350,000 children. Students enrolled in NC
2001 Pre-K attend school for 6.5 hours per day, 180
days per year.
9 OUT North Carolina is one of only five states
nationally to meet at least 9 out of the 10 quality
OF 10 benchmarks set by the National Institute for Early
quality
benchmarks met Education Research.
Families at Children from families at or below 75% of the
or below state median income are eligible to enroll in NC
75% Pre-K, along with English language learners,
children with developmental disabilities or
of the state
median income chronic health conditions, and children of active
are eligible duty military members.
Over
54% Current funding supports approximately 30,700
NC Pre-K seats. Over 36,000 eligible children - or
of eligible NC
four-year-olds 54% of the eligible four-year-olds are not being
are not being served.
served
Source: Frank Porter Graham 2016 NC Pre-K Evaluation, NIEER 2016 State of Pre School Report, North
Carolina Department of Health and Human Services
6
SECTION 1: Children & Students
NC Pre-K Seats
40,000
35,000 33,798 34,212 33,747
32,142
30,742
29,311 29,346 29,271 28,757 29,017
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: Frank Porter Graham 2016 NC Pre-K Evaluation, North Carolina General Assembly – 2017
Appropriations Act
Percent of Four-Year-Olds Enrolled in State Pre-K
Programs (2016)
22% 32%
North Carolina National
Source: NIEER 2016 State of Pre School Report
7
SECTION 1: Children & Students
Average Daily K-12 Student Membership by School Type
2,000,000
127,847
1,600,000 100,585
90,393
1,200,000
8,000,000 1,427,281 1,434,180 1,433,592 1,432,507 1,428,051
4,000,000
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Traditional Public Public Charter Private School Home School
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data, NC Home School Statistical Summary
Demographics of K-12 Public Schools
(Traditional and Charter)
60% 52% 49%
40%
26% 26%
20% 14% 17%
1% 1% 3% 3% 4% 4%
0%
American Asian Black Hispanic Two or More White
Indian Races
2013 2017
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
Charter school and home school growth accounted for 94% of total
growth in K-12 student membership over the past five years.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
8
SECTION 1: Children & Students
Children who are chronically absent in preschool,
kindergarten, and 1st grade are less likely to read at grade
level by the 3rd grade. Students who are chronically absent
from school are far more likely to eventually drop out.
Source: U.S. Department of Education 2015 Chronic Absenteeism Data Story
Chronic Absenteeism* in K-12 Public Schools (2015)
14%
13%
North Carolina National
*Students are classified as chronically absent if they miss 15 or more days of school in a single year.
Source: Attendance Works 2016 Preventing Missed Opportunity Report
7 % of North Carolina K-12 public school students are English
language learners.
Source: NC DPI 2017 Limited English Proficiency Headcount Report
9SECTION 1: Children & Students
Enrollment in K-12 Traditional Schools by District (2016-17)
500 30,000
10,000 75,000+
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
Five-Year Percent Change in K-12 Student Enrollment by
School District (2012 to 2017)
-30% 0%
-10% 4+%
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
While overall average daily membership in traditional K-12 public
schools increased by 0.7% over the past five years, 78 out of 115
districts experienced a decline in student membership.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
10SECTION 1: Children & Students
Charter Enrollment as Percent of Total K-12 Public School
Enrollment by District (2016-17)
0% 12%
4% 20%+
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
Demographics of K-12 Traditional Public Schools vs. Public
Charter Schools (2016-17)
60% 56%
49%
40%
26% 26%
20% 17%
9%
1% 1% 3% 3% 4% 4%
0%
American Asian Black Hispanic Two or More White
Indian Races
Traditional Public Public Charter
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
6 % of K-12 public school students attend charter schools, up
from 3% five years ago.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
11SECTION 1: Children & Students
Short-Term Suspension Rate by Race/Ethnicity in North
Carolina K-12 Public Schools (2015-16)
3.5 3.17
# of Suspensions per 10 Enrolled
3
2.49
2.5
2 1.69
1.5 1.42
1 0.89
0.72
0.5
0.17
0
American Asian Black Hispanic Two or More White Total
Indian Races
Source: NC DPI 2015-16 Consolidated Discipline Report
In the 2015-16 academic year, 116,467 students received
one or more short-term suspensions. These students were
suspended an average of 1.86 times with an average total
duration of 5.5 school days.
Black students are suspended at more than four times the rate
of white students; American Indian students are suspended at
more than three times the rate of white students.
Source: NC DPI 2015-16 Consolidated Discipline Report
3.5 million hours of instructional time was lost in
the 2015-16 academic year due to short-term suspensions.
12SECTION 1: Children & Students
National School Lunch Program
Public school children qualify for free meals if their family’s income is
130% of the federal poverty level or less ($31,980 per year for a family
of four). Students qualify for reduced price meals if family income is
131-185% of the federal poverty level (up to $45,510 per year for a
family of four).
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture National School Lunch Program Fact Sheet, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services 2017 Federal Poverty Guidelines
Short-Term Suspension Rate by Race/Ethnicity in North
Carolina K-12 Public Schools (2015-16)
80%
58% 60%
60% 54% 54% 56% 56%
51% 52% 53% 52% 52%
48% 50% 48% 48% 50%
43% 45%
40%
20%
0%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015+ 2016+ 2017+
North Carolina National
Source: NC DPI Free & Reduced Meals Application Data, National Center for Education Statistics
+ The Community Eligibility Provision of the 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act provides
an alternative to household applications for free- and reduced-price meals for schools and
districts with an eligibility rate at or above 40%. Community eligibility improves the efficiency
and effectiveness of the National School Lunch Program by streamlining meal service, reducing
stigma, and reducing household and administrative burden. However, with the loss of student-level
eligibility data, free and reduced price meal participation after 2014 is becoming a less reliable
proxy for individual economic need.
Source: National Forum on Education Statistics – Alternative Measures of Socioeconomic Status in
Education Data Systems, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Community Eligibility Fact Sheet
13SECTION 1: Children & Students
North Carolina Community College System Enrollment
(Fall 2016)
Fall Curriculum Enrollment
Career and Technical Education 105,923
Transfer and General Education 109,009
Special Credit 9,539
Total Curriculum Unduplicated Enrollment 223,651
Fall Continuing Education Enrollment
Basic Skills 44,163
All Other Continuing Education 173,536
Total Continuing Education Unduplicated Enrollment 217,699
Source: North Carolina Community College System – Statistical Reports
UNC System and Independent College/University
Enrollment (2016)
250,000
33,683
200,000
150,000
100,000
37,885
50,000
194,841 52,062
0
UNC System North Carolina Independent
Colleges and Universities
In-State Out-of-State
Source: UNC System Data Dashboard, North Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities -
Quick Facts
14SECTION 1: Children & Students
UNC System Enrollment Trends
250,000
200,000 46,062
45,220 46,446 45,250 44,224
150,000
170,472 175,281 175,760 177,744 182,462
100,000
50,000
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Undergraduate Graduate
Source: UNC System Data Dashboard
UNC System Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity (2016)
White 132,895
Black 46,399
Hispanic 13,491
International 9,877
Asian 9,196
Two or More Races 8,124
Unknown 6,299
American Indian 2,027
Pacific Islander 216
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000
Source: UNC System Data Dashboard
UNC System Enrollment by Gender (2016)
43% Female Male
57%
Source: UNC System Data Dashboard
15SECTION 2: Educators
Educational Attainment of North Carolina Early
Childhood Education (ECE) Teachers (2015)
1%
Bachelor’s Degree or Higher
36% 37%
Associate’s Degree
High School, Plus Any College Courses
High School Only
26%
Source: Child Care Services 2015 North Carolina Early Childhood Education Workforce Report
Statewide Wages for Early Childhood Education
Teachers (2015)
All Early Childhood Education Teachers $10.46/hour
NC Pre-K Teachers $17.49/hour
Source: Child Care Services 2015 North Carolina Early Childhood Education Workforce Report
99% 51%
of ECE centers offer no health
of ECE teachers are women
insurance benefits to employees
39% 18%
of ECE teachers received public turnover rate of full-time ECE
assistance within the last three teachers and teacher assistants
years in 2015
Source: Child Care Services 2015 North Carolina Early Childhood Education Workforce Report
16SECTION 2: Educators
Early Childhood Education (ECE) Teacher Preparation
Enrollment In North Carolina Community Colleges
16,000
15,000
14,000
13,000
12,000
11,000
10,000
9,000
8,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: NCCCS 2016 ECE Program Enrollment Counts
Early Childhood Education Teacher Wage Gap (2016)
Average Salary of 2008-09 NCCCS Graduates
North Carolina
Community College
(Four Years After Graduation)
System (NCCCS)
Graduates with an
$30,287
Associate’s Degree
in Early Childhood
Education
$19,632
All Associate’s
Degree Graduates
Source: NCCCS 2016 Graduate Wage Data
17SECTION 2: Educators
Average SAT Scores for Education Majors and Non-
Education Majors in the UNC System (2014-15)
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
UNC ASU ECU ECSU FSU NCA&T NCCU NCSU UNCA UNCCH UNCC UNCG UNCP UNCW WCU WSSU
System
Total
Education Majors Non-Education Majors
Source: UNC Educator Quality Dashboard
UNC System Educator Preparation Program Enrollment
Trends
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000 7,599 6,946
12,000 6,643 6,058
5,164 5,171 5,525
10,000
8,000
6,000 11,053
10,510 9,998 9,485
4,000 8,410 8,062 8,452
2,000
0
Fall 2010 Fall 2011 Fall 2012 Fall 2013 Fall 2014 Fall 2015 Fall 2016
Bachelor's Plus Other Educator Preparation Enrollments Master's
Source: UNC Educator Quality Dashboard
18SECTION 2: Educators
Preparation Routes for North Carolina K-12 Teachers
(2014-15)
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
UNC System Out-of-State Alternative North Carolina Visiting Teach for
Entry Private International America
Universities Faculty
Beginning Teachers (0-2 Years of Experience) All Teachers
Source: UNC Educator Quality Dashboard
Teacher and Student Demographics in North Carolina
K-12 Public Schools (2015-16)
80.1% 49.1% 15.0% 25.5%SECTION 2: Educators
North Carolina K-12 Public School Teachers (2016-17)
80% White
20% Male 15% Black
80% Female 5% All Other Races
100,025 Total 100,025 Total
North Carolina K-12 Public School Principals (2016-17)
73% White
40% Male 24% Black
60% Female 3% All Other Races
2,640 Total 2,640 Total
North Carolina K-12 Public School Assistant Principals
(2016-17)
65% White
37% Male 32% Black
63% Female 4% All Other Races
3,114 Total 3,114 Total
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
10 % of North Carolina educators and other certified
personnel in traditional public schools are National
Board certified. North Carolina has more National Board
Certified Teachers than any other state in the nation.
20 Source: NC DPI National Board Certification DataSECTION 2: Educators
North Carolina Teacher Effectiveness Distributions by
Title I Status (2015-16)
20%
15%
10%
5%
0
Percentage of Teachers Rated Percentage of Teachers Rated
“In Needed of Improvement” “Highly Effective”
Non-Title I Schools Title I Schools
* North Carolina teachers are evaluated on a statewide rubric. Teachers who do not meet the level
of proficiency on the evaluation standards or the Student Growth measure are deemed “In Need
of Improvement.” Teachers who demonstrate greater than proficient ratings on the evaluation
standards and exceed expectations for Student Growth are deemed “Highly Effective.” More
information on teacher and principal evaluations can be found at:
http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/effectiveness-model/data.
Source: NC DPI Consolidated State ESSA Plan
Percentage of National Board Certified Teachers by
School District Free and Reduced Meal Eligibility
Quartile (2016-17)
15% 13%
10%
10% 9%
7%
5%
0
Lowest Poverty Highest Poverty
Quartile Quartile
Source: NC DPI National Board Certification Data, NC DPI Free and Reduced Meals Application Data
21SECTION 2: Educators
Classroom Teacher Allotments North Carolina Public Schools
In North Carolina, the state allots teaching positions to each school district
based on the number of students in each grade, according to specific ratios
set by the General Assembly. The classroom teacher allotment is by far the
largest single state allotment; salary and benefits for teaching positions
represent approximately 55% of total state support for education. Over the
past seven years, the state changed allotment ratios four times, generally
decreasing student to teacher ratios in the lower grades, and increasing
them in grades 4 through 12.
15-Year Trends in Classroom Teacher Allotment Ratios for
North Carolina Public Schools*
2004-05
Net Effect from
Grade to 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
2005 to 2019
2010-11
K 1:18 - - 1:19 1:18 - - - - -
1 1:18 1:17 - 1:18 1:17 - 1:16 - - 1:18 to 1:16
2-3 1:18 1:17 - 1:18 1:17 - - - - 1:18 to 1:17
4-6 1:21 - - 1:24 - - - - - 1:22 to 1:24
7-8 1:21 - - 1:23 - - - - - 1:21 to 1:23
9 1:24.5 - - 1:26.5 - - - - - 1:24.5 to 1:26.5
10-12 1:26.64 - - 1:29 - - - - - 1:26.64 to 1:29
No Change Class Size Decrease Class Size Increase
* Expressed as teachers per students in average daily membership
Source: NC DPI Highlights of the Public School Budget
In 2016, the General Assembly enacted legislation requiring actual average
student to teacher ratios in grades K-3 not to exceed the allotment ratios
starting in the 2018-19 academic year. This has sparked considerable
debate, in part because for the first time since the development of the
state’s Basic Educational Program, districts will be required to use the
state’s full teaching position allotment to fund classroom teachers. Currently,
there is no separate allotment for elementary school art, music, physical
education, and world language teachers.
22SECTION 2: Educators
Traditional K-12 Public School Teachers and Teacher
Assistants in North Carolina by Funding Source (2008 to 2017)
120,000
100,000 6,223
6,313
5,878
6,059
80,000
60,000
40,000
2,899
4,237 1,937
20,000 3,971
85,575 81,932 22,441 15,720
0
2008 2017 2008 2017
Teachers Teacher Assistants
State Funded Federally Funded Locally Funded
* For complete data on 10-year trends in district full-time personnel visit www.NCEdFacts.org.
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
In 2016-17, there was one guidance counselor for every 369
students in North Carolina public schools. The American
Counseling Association recommends a maximum of 250
students for every one guidance counselor.
In 2016-17, there was one school nurse for every 1,086
students in North Carolina public schools. The National
Association of School Nurses recommends one school
nurse for every 750 students without special health needs.
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile, NC Division of Public Health
23SECTION 2: Educators
Compensation for North Carolina K-12 Public School
Teachers (2017-18)
$90,000
$80,000
$70,000
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25+
2017-18 State Base Salary State Health Insurance Contribution
($5,869)
State Retirement Contribution Average Local Supplement
(17.13% of Salary) (8.4% of Base Pay)
Total Compensation with National Total Compensation with National
Board and Average Local Supplement Board, Master's, and Average Local
Supplement
Source: North Carolina General Assembly – 2017 Appropriations Act
In 2017, North Carolina’s average teacher pay ranked 35th in the
nation. Adjusting for cost-of-living, North Carolina’s average
teacher pay ranked 27th nationally in 2017.
Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: National Education Association Rankings and Estimates, Missouri Economic Research and
Information Center
24SECTION 2: Educators
Average Local Salary Supplement for North Carolina K-12
Teachers by School District (2016-17)
$0 $3,500
$1,500 $6,500+
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
Average K-12 Teacher Salaries, Inflation Adjusted to
2017 Dollars
$65,000
$60,000
$55,000
$50,000
$45,000
$40,000
$35,000
$30,000
2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
North Carolina Southeast Average
Georgia (Highest in the Southeast) National Average*
* 35 states have an average salary below the national average.
Source: National Education Association Rankings and Estimates
25SECTION 2: Educators
North Carolina Teachers and State Employee Retirement
System and Health Benefits
All full-time employees in North Carolina public schools participate in
the state’s Teachers and State Employees Retirement System (TSERS).
TSERS provides qualifying employees a guaranteed salary and individual
health benefits upon retirement from state government.
In North Carolina, employees vest in TSERS after five years of service.
Employees may retire with unreduced benefits after 30 years at any age,
after 25 years of service at age 60 or older, or after five years at age 65
or older. Teachers contribute 6% of their pre-tax salary to TSERS, a rate
that has been consistent since 1975.
Nearly all states maintain a defined benefit (pension) plan for teachers
and other state employees; in North Carolina and 29 other states all
teachers also participate in social security.
TSERS is roughly comparable to the national median state plan and
significantly more generous than the private sector average. Retiree
health benefits in North Carolina are significantly more generous than
the national median state plan and the private sector.
Active state employee premiums for individual health care coverage are
more generous than most other state plans and the private sector, but
less generous than average for family plans.
Compensation Distribution Compensation Distribution
for North Carolina K-12 Public for North Carolina Private
School System Employees Sector Employees
26% Salary 16% Salary
Benefits Benefits
74% 84%
Source: North Carolina TSERS Handbook, NCGA Fiscal Research Division – Comparison of the Value
of Employee Benefits
26SECTION 2: Educators
State Retirement Contributions for Teachers and Other
State Employees as a Percentage of Employee Salary
30%
25%
20%
11.7%
15%
6.8%
10% 6.3%
2.0%
5%
7.7% 7.7%
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
FICA (Social Security and Medicare Benefits State Retiree Health Benefits
State Pension and Other Benefits
Source: North Carolina General Assembly Fiscal Research Division – History of Budget Legislation
State Health Coverage Contributions for Teachers and
Other State Employees, Inflation Adjusted to 2017 Dollars
$7,000
$6,104
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
$3,165
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Source: North Carolina General Assembly Fiscal Research Division – History of Budget Legislation
27SECTION 2: Educators
Teacher Turnover in North Carolina K-12 Schools by District
(2016-17)
5% 16%
10% 25%+
13.5% State Average Teacher Turnover in 2016-17
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI 2016-17 State of the Teaching Profession Report
Average EVAAS Scores* of Teachers Who Remained in and
Departed from North Carolina Public Schools (2016-17)
Average EVAAS Score
0.34 0.36
0.24 0.23 0.24
-0.06
-0.33 -0.32
-0.49 -0.52 -0.50
-0.68
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-30
Remained in North Carolina Public Schools
Departed from North Carolina Public Schools
*Teachers with EVAAS scores of zero are considered to be as effective as the hypothetical “average”
North Carolina teacher.
Source: NC DPI 2016-17 State of the Teaching Profession Report
28SECTION 2: Educators
Top Reasons for K-12 Teacher Turnover in North Carolina
(2016-17)
To Teach in Another North Carolina
4,549
Public School District
Retired with Full or Reduced Benefits 2,043
Family Relocation 1,006
Career Change 865
Teach in Another State 767
Family Responsibilities/Childcare 604
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000
Source: NC DPI 2016-17 State of the Teaching Profession Report
North Carolina Hard-to-Staff* K-12 Licensure Areas (2015-16)
9th-12th Grade Math 78%
K-12 Special Ed. 66%
9th-12th Grade Science 64%
6th-8th Grade Math 59%
6th-8th Grade Science 50%
Special Ed. (Adapted) 40%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
% of Districts Reporting Staffing Difficulties
*Hard-to-Staff licensure areas not included in the 2016-17 State of the Teaching Profession report.
Source: NC DPI 2015-16 State of the Teaching Profession Report
One-third of middle and high school math and science courses
are taught by teachers without licenses in the discipline they
are teaching.
Source: NC STEM Center 2014 Scorecard
29SECTION 2: Educators
Principal Pay in North Carolina
In recent years, principal pay in North Carolina ranked last in the Southeast
and near the bottom nationally. In 2017, the North Carolina General Assembly
transformed the state salary schedule for principals with an investment of $24M, or
an average raise of approximately nine percent.
The previous statewide schedule was based on each principals’ years of
experience, level of education, and the number of teachers in the school they led.
Annual state-funded pay ranged from $52,656 to $111,984, with an average of
$64,416 in 2017. The updated schedule is based on the size of the school and the
principal’s growth status (derived from students’ performance on standardized End-
of-Course and End-of-Grade exams).
2017-18 Principal Salary Schedule
Average Daily Student Base Met Exceeded
Membership Salary Growth Growth
0-400 $61,751 $67,926 $74,101
401-700 $64,839 $71,322 $77,806
701-1,000 $67,926 $74,719 $81,511
1,001-1,300 $71,014 $78,115 $85,216
1,301+ $74,101 $81,511 $88,921
Principals are also eligible for two stackable bonuses based on their school-level growth
scores and school performance grades.
Ranking (Statewide Growth Bonus Current Prior Bonus
Percentage) Amount Year Year Award
Top 5% $5,000
Exceeded Met/Did Not
5-10% $4,000 $5,000
Growth Exceed Growth
10-15% $3,000
Met/Did Not
15-20% $2,000 Exceeded
Exceed Growth $10,000
Growth
20-50% $1,000 & D or F School
Source: North Carolina General Assembly – 2017 Appropriations Act
In the 2016-17 academic year, the average local salary supplement
was $13,616 for principals and $7,027 for assistant principals.
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
30SECTION 2: Educators
Average Local Salary Supplement for K-12 Principals in
North Carolina by School District (2016-17)
$0 $12,500
$6,500 $25,000+
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
Higher Education Salaries in North Carolina vs. Southern
Region Education Board (SREB) States
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000 $76,944 $77,662 $47,724 $52,070
$20,000
$0
Public Four-Year Institutions Public Two-Year Institutions
North Carolina Average SREB Average
Source: SREB 2016 State Data Exchange
31SECTION 3: Schools & Programs
North Carolina has 6,340 licensed child care programs; 4,561 are child
care centers and 1,779 are family child care homes. North Carolina uses
a range of one to five stars to rate early learning programs. Programs
that meet minimum standards receive one star, while programs
exceeding these requirements may apply to receive up to five stars.
Source: Child Care Services Association 2017 Statewide Facts, NC Department of Health and Human
Services NC Pre-K Overview
Children in Four- or Five-Star Early Learning Programs
95% 69%
NC Pre-K Child Care Centers (Ages 0-5)
Source: Frank Porter Graham 2016 NC Pre-K Evaluation, Child Care Services Association 2017 State-
wide Facts
North Carolina K-12 Schools by Type (2017-18)
Traditional Public 2,461
Public Charter 173
Regional and Lab Schools 3
Statewide: Deaf, Blind, Virtual 5
Private 752
Total K-12 Schools 3,394
Traditional Public
Private
Charter
73% 22% 5%
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data, NC 2017 Directory of Non-Public Schools
32If homeschooling were a district, it would be the 3rd largest
district in North Carolina. Private schools would be the
4th largest, and charter schools would be the 5th largest.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data, NC Private School Statistics, NC Home School Statistical
Summary
North Carolina K-12 Public School Districts
North Carolina has 115 school districts (otherwise known as Local
Education Agencies or LEAs).
12,457 Students 6,020 Students
Average District Size Median District Size
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
34% Wake and Mecklenburg counties each
enrolled more students than the 53
of students attend the
largest five school districts smallest districts combined.
Source: NC DPI Student Accounting Data
33SECTION 3: Schools & Programs
Children with Disabilities in North Carolina K-12 Public Schools
Who Receive Special Education Services by Race (2017)
20% 17.8% 17.4%
14.3% 13.8% 14.3%
15% 12.4%
10%
6.1%
5%
0%
American Asian Black Hispanic Two or More White Total
Indian Races
The North Carolina Department of Public Instruction Exceptional Children
Division supports local school districts to develop and implement
individualized education plans for 204,000 students with disabilities in
North Carolina K-12 public schools.
Source: NC DPI Exceptional Children Division
Children in Academically and Intellectually Gifted Programs
in North Carolina K-12 Public Schools by Race (2017)
30%
25% 24.1%
20% 18.4%
15% 11.9% 12.5%
10% 6.9%
4.9% 5.5%
5%
0%
American Asian Black Hispanic Two or More White Total
Indian Races
Source: NC DPI Division of Advanced Learning and Gifted Education
178,000 students are enrolled in gifted education programming. White
students are enrolled at nearly four times the rate of black students.
Source: NC DPI Division of Advanced Learning and Gifted Education
34SECTION 3: Schools & Programs
North Carolina Cooperative Innovate High Schools
(2016-17)
Number of Schools 125
Students Currently Enrolled 21,272
Percentage of CIHS Students Promoted to the Next Grade Level Each Year >95%
Percent of Community College Courses Passed with C or Better (2016) 85%
Source: NC DPI Evaluation of Innovative High School Programs
North Carolina’s College and Career Promise
College and Career Promise offers opportunities for qualified high school
students to enroll tuition-free in community college courses that provide
pathways leading to a certificate, diploma, or degree. In 2017, nearly
22,000 North Carolina high school students participated in the College
and Career Promise program. More than 80% of students enrolled earn a
‘C’ or better in college coursework.
Source: NC DPI Advanced Learning – College and Career Promise
Career and Technical Education (CTE)
Career and Technical Education (CTE) in North Carolina public schools
provides students with academic, technical, and employability skills
along with industry-recognized certifications and licensure that have
value in local, regional, state, and global economies.
More than 99,000 North Carolina public school students earned one or
more CTE credentials in the 2016-17 academic year.
Source: NC DPI – Career and Technical Education
1 in 5 North Carolina high school students earned one or more
Career and Technical Education certifications and/or were dually
enrolled in the North Carolina Community College System in the
2016-17 academic year.
35SECTION 3: Schools & Programs
North Carolina Teaching Fellows
In 2017 the North Carolina General Assembly established a revised
Teaching Fellows Program focused on recruiting, preparing, and
supporting highly effective public school teachers in the hardest to
staff subject areas: STEM and special education.
The Teaching Fellows Commission will recruit high school seniors,
current college students, and bachelor’s degree holders into the
teaching profession with forgivable loans of up to $8,250 annually
to attend the most effective public and private teacher education
programs. Accelerated loan forgiveness will be provided for Fellows
who teach in a low-performing school. The first cohort of Teaching
Fellows will begin training in the 2018-19 academic year at UNC
Chapel Hill, UNC Charlotte, NC State University, Elon University, and
Meredith College.
Transforming Principal Preparation Program (TP3)
Enacted by the North Carolina General Assembly in 2015, TP3 is
a competitive grant program that makes selection into principal
preparation programs more rigorous and intentional.
The program integrates key components that the nation’s most
successful programs share, including:
Proactive, intentional A focus on authentic
recruitment efforts partnerships with and
A high bar for entry preparation for service
A full-time, paid residency in high-need schools and
districts
The first two cohorts of approximately 120 principal candidates
recruited and trained under TP3 will be eligible to assume leadership
roles in North Carolina public schools in 2018 and 2019, respectively.
36SECTION 3: Schools & Programs
School Systems as Employers
Traditional K-12 public school districts are the single largest employer in
68 North Carolina counties, a top-3 employer in 97 counties, and a top-5
employer in all 100 counties.
UNC system universities are the single largest employer in three North
Carolina counties.
Largest Employers by North Carolina County (2017)
Health Services Manufacturing Higher Education
Other K-12 Education Public Administration
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: North Carolina Department of Commerce
37SECTION 3: Schools & Programs
Access to Technology in K-12 Schools
North Carolina is nationally recognized as a leader in bringing broadband
Internet access to public schools.
Through the School Connectivity Initiative (SCI), every $1 in state funds is
leveraged with at least $3.50 in federal funds to deliver high-speed Internet
to virtually every K-12 public school in North Carolina. More than two-thirds
of school districts have at least one Internet access point per classroom.
In the past five years, Internet bandwidth delivered to K-12 public schools
increased eightfold. According to the North Carolina Department of
Public Instruction’s 2017 SCI report, peak Internet usage in K-12 public
schools is double that of the community college system, UNC system, and
independent colleges and universities combined.
Do Districts and Schools Include Digital Teaching and
Learning in Strategic Plans?
No Yes
No Yes
100 1,831
15 682
LEAs Schools
Digital Access
66 17.06 28.87
% of schools with at % of schools w/ at least % of schools with
least one access point one grade participating in at least one grade
per classroom a 1:1 program participating in BYOD
Source: NC DPI School Connectivity Report, NC Digital Learning and Media Inventory One-Pager
38Higher Education Institutions in North Carolina (2017)
North Carolina Community College System (NCCCS)
58 Community Colleges
UNC System
17 Public Campuses
Independent Colleges and Universities
36 Institutions
39SECTION 4: Finance
North Carolina General Fund Appropriations (2017-18)
Public Schools 9,046,403,622 38.9%
Community Colleges 1,121,815,001 4.8%
UNC System 2,893,775,349 12.4%
Health & Human Services 5,253,299,542 22.6%
HHS: Division of Child Development & Early Education 268,428,501 1.2%
Justice & Public Safety 2,701,955,002 11.6%
General Government 405,374,812 1.7%
Natural & Economic Resources 587,553,659 2.5%
Information Technology 51,500,581 0.2%
Reserves, Capital Improvements, Debt Services 914,092,325 3.9%
Total $23,244,198,394 100%
0.2% 2.5% Public Schools
1.7%
3.9% Community Colleges
UNC System
Health & Human Services
Justice & Public Safety
11.6%
General Government
38.9% Natural & Economic Resources
Information Technology
Reserves, Capital
22.6%
Improvements, Debt Services
4.8% 5% of the Health and Human Services
12.4% budget ($268M) is invested in Child
Development & Early Education.
Source: North Carolina General Assembly – 2017 Appropriations Act
40
57 % of North Carolina General Fund Appropriations
support public education.
Source: North Carolina General Assembly – 2017 Appropriations ActSECTION 4: Finance
Total Spending per Child Enrolled in State Pre-K
Programs (2016)
$10,000
$8,000
$2,554
$6,000
$720
$4,000
$5,301 $4,976
$2,000
$0
North Carolina National Average
State Federal and Local*
* Pre-K programs may receive additional funds from federal or local sources that are not included in
this figure. To learn more, check out the NC Early Childhood Foundation Cost of NC Pre-K Fact Sheet.
Source: NIEER 2016 State of Pre School Report
State Spending per Child Enrolled in NC Pre-K,
Inflation Adjusted to 2016 Dollars
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: NIEER 2016 State of Pre School Report
41SECTION 4: Finance
K-12 Education Finance in North Carolina
In North Carolina and nationwide, public education is financed through
federal, state, and local expenditures. Nearly two-thirds of total K-12 public
education funding in North Carolina comes from the state through position,
dollar, and category allotments (such as allotments for teachers, principals,
teacher assistants, textbooks, classroom materials, and transportation).
Districts receive additional funding from the state based on student learning
needs (such as for children with disabilities, English language learners, and
economically disadvantaged students). The state also provides supplemental
funding to low-wealth counties (68 across the state) and small counties (27).
Combining state funding allotments, a first grade student
with no special learning needs would receive $5,861 in
state education funding; an economically disadvantaged
first grade student with limited English proficiency and
special learning needs in a small, low-wealth county
would receive $17,279 in state education funding.
Roughly 11% of K-12 public education funding in North Carolina comes
from the Federal government. Federal funds mainly support child nutrition,
students with disabilities, and students from low-income households.
Distribution of Federal K-12 Funds (2017)
1% Child Nutrition
8%
Title I
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
23% 36% Vocational Education
Other
32% Source: NC DPI 2017 Highlights of the Public School
Budget
42SECTION 4: Finance
K-12 Education Finance (Continued)
In addition to state and federal funds, local North Carolina counties
provide additional funding to supplement state support for K-12 school
operations; and provide funds to build, furnish, and maintain K-12 school
buildings. Local dollars fund nearly 28,000 positions in K-12 public
schools, including 7,315 service workers, 6,313 teachers, 1,937 teacher
assistants, and 756 assistant principals across the state. Local funds
for school operations range from $849 per pupil in Robeson County
to $6,151 in Chapel-Hill/Carrboro City Schools. See p. 46 for capital
expenditures information.
Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Top-10 Local K-12 Operating Expenditures
Classroom Instruction $877
Public Utilities & Energy $310
Building Maintenance $293
School Leadership $243
Payments to Other Government Units* $200
Child Nutrition $129
These 10
Technology Support $110
categories
constitute 72%
Custodial Services $106
of total local
$105 expenditures.
Instruction for Children with Disabilities
Transportation $78
$0 $400 $800
In Millions
* Predominately transfers to charter schools.
Source: NC DPI Annual Expenditure Report by LEA
43SECTION 4: Finance
North Carolina K-12 Education Funding Compared to the
National Average (Fiscal Year 2015)
North Carolina National Average
Total Revenue Per Pupil $8,974 $13,246
State % $5,579 (62%) $6,238 (47%)
Federal % $1,085 (12%) $1,099 (8%)
Local % $2,310 (26%) $5,910 (45%)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 Public Education Finances Report on Fiscal Year 2015
In 2015, total per pupil revenues ranged from $7,906 in Idaho to $24,116
in New York. The percentage of total revenue provided by the state (as
opposed to local or federal sources) ranged from 30% in South Dakota
to 90% in Vermont.
Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
According to Article IX Section 2 of the North Carolina
Constitution: “The General Assembly shall provide by
taxation and otherwise for a general and uniform system
of free public schools, which shall be maintained at
least nine months in every year, and wherein equal
opportunities shall be provided for all students.”
31st 32nd 33rd 34th 35th 36th 37th 39th
North Carolina ranked 38th in the country in per pupil spending and 10th for the
percentage of education funding provided by the state in 2017.
Source: NEA 2017 Rankings and Estimates
6th 7th 8th 9th 11th 12th 13th 14th
44SECTION 4: Finance
K-12 Public School Expenditure Distribution by Function
(Fiscal Year 2015)
50% 43%
38%
40%
30%
23%
17% 17% 19%
20% 14% 15%
10% 6% 7%
0%
Salaries & Employee Salaries & Employee
Wages Benefits Wages Benefits
Instructional Personnel Support Service Personnel All Other
Expenditures
North Carolina National Average
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 report on FY 2015
In North Carolina, 57% of K-12 expenditures fund the salary and
benefits of instructional personnel, compared to 54% nationally.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 report on FY 2015
State Revenue Sources for K-12 Public Education (2016-17)
General Fund Appropriations $8,733
Lottery: Operating $372
Civil Penalties $174
Lottery: School Construction $100
Dept. of Revenue Sales Tax Refund $53
Indian Game Funding $6
$0 $4,000 $8,000
In Millions
Source: North Carolina General Assembly Fiscal Research Division – History of
Budget Legislation, North Carolina Office of Budget and Management – 2015-17
Certified Budget
45SECTION 4: Finance
Capital Expenditures for K-12 Public Schools by Source
$1,600
$1,400
Expenditures in Millions
$1,200
$1,000
$800
$600
$400
$200
$0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Local State Federal
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
Distribution of North Carolina K-12 Public School Capital
Expenditures by Source (2008 to 2017)
Local: 96%
State: 3%
Federal: 1%
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
North Carolina’s 115 local school districts report $8 billion
in capital infrastructure needs over the next five years.
Source: NC DPI School Planning Section
46SECTION 4: Finance
North Carolina Education Lottery
The North Carolina Education Lottery was created with the enactment
of House Bill 1023 in 2005. By law, education-directed lottery revenues
were intended to support NC Pre-K, reduce class size, provide financial aid
for low-income students to attend college, and support the public school
building capital fund.
This funding prescription was eliminated in 2013. Currently, the bulk of
education-directed lottery revenues fund non-instructional supports such as
clerical assistants, custodians, and substitute teachers.
North Carolina Education Lottery: Education-Directed
Spending by Category
2018-2019
2017-2018
2016-2017
2015-2016
2014-2015
2013-2014
2012-2013
2011-2012
2010-2011
2009-2010
$0 $4,000 $8,000
In Millions
Public School Building Capital Fund Needs-Based Public School Building Capital Fund
Classroom Teachers NC Pre-K
Tuition Assistance for Low-Income Students Digital Learning
Non-Instructional Support Teacher Assistants
LEA Transportation
Source: North Carolina General Assembly Fiscal Research Division – History of
Budget Legislation
47SECTION 4: Finance
Per Pupil Expenditures for North Carolina K-12 Public
Schools, Inflation Adjusted to 2017 Dollars
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$0
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
State Local Federal
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
State per Pupil Expenditures by Free & Reduced Meal
Eligibility (2015-16)
$8,000 $6,645
$5,711 $5,932 $6,216
$6,000 $5,364
$4,000
$2,000
$0
Lowest F&RM Highest F&RM
Eligibility Eligibility
School District Quintiles by F&RM Eligibility
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
North Carolina is one of just six states nationally that provide at
least 10% more per pupil funding to high poverty districts than low
poverty districts.
Source: Ed Build 2016 Resource Inequality Map
48SECTION 4: Finance
State-Funded K-12 per Pupil Spending by District (2016-17)
$5,400 $7,500
$6,500 $11,500+
Average: $5,957
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
Total K-12 per Pupil Spending by District (2016-17)
$8,000 $11,500
$9,500 $14,000+
Average: $9,172
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: NC DPI Statistical Profile
North Carolina earned a “C" for funding equity and an "F" for funding
effort on the Education Law Center's national school funding report
card in 2017.
Source: Education Law Center 2017 School Funding Fairness Report 49SECTION 4: Finance
North Carolina Community College System (NCCCS):
State Spending per Full-Time Student,
Inflation Adjusted to 2015 Dollars
$6,000
$5,500
$5,000
$4,500
$4,000
$3,500
$3,000
$2,500
$2,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: NC General Assembly Fiscal Research Historical Education Expenditures, Fiscal Year 2006-07
to Fiscal Year 2014-15
UNC System: State Spending per Full-Time Student,
Inflation Adjusted to 2015 Dollars
$18,000
$17,000
$16,000
$15,000
$14,000
$13,000
$12,000
$11,000
$10,000
$9,000
$8,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: NC General Assembly Fiscal Research Historical Education Expenditures, Fiscal Year 2006-07
to Fiscal Year 2014-15
50SECTION 4: Finance
Funding for Higher Education per Full Time Student
(2015-16)
$8,690
$7,120
North Carolina National Average
Source: College Board – Trends in Higher Education: Institutional Finances
Average In-State Tuition and Fees at Public Four-Year
Institutions (2017-18)
$7,380
$9,970
North Carolina National Average
Source: College Board – Trends in College Pricing: Figures & Tables
7th 8th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
North Carolina’s funding for public higher education ranks 9th nationally.
7th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
Average tuition in North Carolina’s public four-year universities is the
8th lowest nationally.
Source: College Board – Trends in Higher Education: Institutional Finances
51SECTION 4: Finance
Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) must be filled out by
anyone seeking federal aid to help fund their higher education expenses.
FAFSA Completion Rates by District (2016-17)
35% 60%
50% 70+%
Base geographic mapping files provided by the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, North Carolina
State University. Visit www.NCEdFacts.org for more interactive data.
Source: U.S. Dept. of Education Office of Federal Student Aid – 2017-18 FAFSA Completion Rates
91 out of 115 North Carolina public school districts have
a FAFSA completion rate of at least 55%.
Source: U.S. Dept. of Education Office of Federal Student Aid – 2017-18 FAFSA Completion Rates
52SECTION 4: Finance
“The General Assembly shall provide that the benefits
of The University of North Carolina and other public
institutions of higher education, as far as practicable, be
extended to the people of the State free of expense.”
– Article IX, Section 9, North Carolina Constitution
Average College Debt and Percentage of College
Graduates with Debt (2016)
$35,000 100%
$30,000 $28,776
$25,562 80%
$25,000
$20,000 60%
58% 60%
$15,000 40%
$10,000
20%
$5,000
$0 0%
North Carolina National Median
Average Debt: Four-Year Public and Private Nonprofit Institution
Percentage with Debt
Source: Institute for College Access & Student Success – Student Debt and the Class of 2016
7th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
In 2016, North Carolina graduates had the 8th lowest average
student debt.
Source: Institute for College Access & Student Success – Student Debt and the Class of 2016
53SECTION 5: Achievement
Statewide Assessments for K-12 Students
Test State Federal
Kindergarten Entry Assessment
K-3 mClass Reading (Various Assessments)
3rd Grade Beginning-of-Grade Reading
3rd-8th Grade End-of-Grade Tests in Both Math and
English, also in Science for 5th and 8th Grades
End-of-Course in Biology, Math I, and English II
ACT Testing Suite, Given in 8th, 10th, and
11th Grades
North Carolina Final Exams, Given in Otherwise
Untested Grades and Subjects
Career and Technical Education (CTE) Assessments in
All CTE Courses
Subgroups of students, such as English Language Learners, Advanced
Placement, and International Baccalaureate students participate in
additional state and federal testing. In addition, local districts often
require multiple additional assessments, such as interim or benchmark
tests, that may provide educators in the district with additional
information about student growth and achievement. A statistical sample
of students in North Carolina and all states nationally also take the
National Assessments for Educational Progress (NAEP) every two years.
Note: All assessments above are given to the majority of students in North Carolina.
Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division
54SECTION 5: Achievement
North Carolina has led the nation in accountability since
the establishment of the ABCs of Public Education in
1995, administering end-of-grade and end-of-course
assessments well before the federal testing mandates of
No Child Left Behind in 2001.
Source: NC DPI ABCs Accountability Model
Performance on North Carolina End-of-Grade (EOG) and
End-of-Course (EOC) Exams
Performance on North Carolina End-of-Grade (EOG) and End-of-Course
(EOC) exams is broken out into five achievement levels.
Command of
Indicates On Track for
Achievement Grade-Level
Grade-Level College and
Level Knowledge and
Proficiency Career Readiness
Skills
5 Superior Yes Yes
4 Solid Yes Yes
3* Sufficient Yes No
2 Partial No No
1 Limited No No
Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division
* Students performing at this level have a sufficient command of grade-level knowledge and skills,
but may need academic support to engage successfully in the next grade level.
55SECTION 5: Achievement
North Carolina Read to Achieve
The Read to Achieve Program was established by the North Carolina General Assembly
in 2012. The primary goal of the program is to ensure that every student is reading at
or above grade level by the end of third grade.
Key components of the Read to Achieve Program include:
Kindergarten entry assessment State-provided summer school for
within the first 30 days of school students not proficient in reading by
Student progress monitoring via the end of 1st, 2nd, or 3rd grade
formative and diagnostic assessment Various 3rd grade promotion and
tools in grades K-2 retention decisions based on
Beginning-of-grade reading student proficiency
assessment, ongoing formative
and diagnostic assessments, and
portfolios for struggling readers in
third grade
North Carolina Read to Achieve Program: 3rd Grade Literacy Results
100%
80% 60% 59% 58% 58%
60%
40% 13% 13% 14%
15%
4% 3% 3%
2%
20% 8% 10% 11% 11%
13% 14% 14% 14%
0%
2013-14 2014-13 2015-16 2016-17
Demonstrated Proficiency on the Beginning or End-of-Grade-Reading Exam or Retest
Passed an Alternative Assessment Approved by the State Board of Ed.
Proficient After Attending Reading Camp
Exempt from Mandatory Retention in 3rd Grade for Good Cause
Retained for Not Demonstrating Reading Proficiency on 3rd Grade Standards
Source: NC DPI K-3 Literacy Accountability Measures
Reading proficiency by the end of 3rd grade is the single greatest predictor of
high school graduation and later success.
Source: Annie E. Casey Foundation – Early Warning! Why Reading by the End of Third Grade Matters
56SECTION 5: Achievement
North Carolina K-12 Students On Track for College and
Career by Subject
44%
47%
3rd-8th Grade Math 48%
North Carolina End-of-Grade and End-of-Course Exams
45%
46%
3rd-8th Grade Reading 46%
59%
63%
5th & 8th Grade Science 63%
49%
50%
Algebra I 54%
50%
50%
High School English II 50%
45%
47%
Biology 48%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division
54 % of 3rd grade students in North Carolina public schools
are not meeting rigorous state standards in reading.
Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division
57SECTION 5: Achievement
School Performance Grades and Value-Added Growth
Status (2016-17)
A/A+NG 97 74 2
School Performance Grade
B 288 344 73
C 227 511 290
D 52 218 193
F 1 37 57
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
# of North Carolina K-12 Public Schools
Exceeded Expectations Met Expectations Did Not Meet Expectations
Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division
School Grade Calculation
80% School Achievement Score and 20% Value-Added Growth Score**
School grades are assigned on a 15-point scale:
A = 85-100; B = 70-84; C = 55-69; D = 40-54; F = < 40
* A+NG schools earn an A rating and have no significant achievement gaps between student groups.
** The value-added growth model designates a school as having exceeded, met, or not met student
performance expectations. Schools meet performance expectations if students in the school
maintain their relative academic standing compared to students across the state with similar
performance on previous state tests.
Source: EVAAS Statistical Models 2010 White Paper
58SECTION 5: Achievement
School-Level Achievement Results by Free and Reduced
Price Meal Eligibility Rate (2016-17)
100%
90%
EOC/EOG Exam College & Career Readiness Rate
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
F&RM Eligibility Rate
Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division, NC DPI Free & Reduced Meal Application Data
Across North Carolina, school grades and proficiency
rates are strongly correlated with household income.
However, more than 300 schools statewide (13%)
serve higher than average percentages of low-income
students while attaining higher than average student
achievement results.
Source: NC DPI Accountability Services Division, NC DPI Free & Reduced Meal Application Data
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