Fem*MAP BERLIN. FEMINIST SPATIAL SYSTEMS FOR A NON-SEXIST CITY - Introduction Julia Köpper Dagmar Pelger Martha Wegewitz Jörg Stollmann
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Julia Köpper
Dagmar Pelger
Jörg Stollmann
Martha Wegewitz
Introduction
SYSTEMS FOR A
NON-SEXIST CITY.
fem*MAP BERLIN.
FEMINIST SPATIAL
CUD Work Reports No.1: fem*MAP BERLIN. Feminist Spatial Systems for a non-sexist City. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-11708
fem*MAP BERLIN
Research- and Mapping Seminar / Mapping-Camp
During a 1-week mapping camp in August 2020, the research and the mappings
produced in the fem*MAP BERLIN seminar were brought together into a common
vision for the future of Berlin, the fem*MAP 2049. The collectively drawn and
conceptualized map shows the transformative potential of the 8 different
“Social gender relations are inscribed in spatial structures.” assumptions/hypothesis formulated in the seminar: feminist urban structures of
from: Ruth Becker, Raum: Feministische Kritik an Stadt und Raum, in: Handbuch Frauen und Geschlechterforschung, 2008. political representations, institutions of empowerment, neighbourhoods of care,
diverse modes of mobility, illuminated nightscapes and accessible and adequate
WHY IS FEMINISM A SPATIAL ISSUE? Architecture, Planning and Urban Design as housing provision. The main elements of fem*MAP 2049 were translated into a
well as research on these topics are and have always have been dominated by men. cartographic spatial installation on the floor of the gallery space of alpha nova &
Our cities and our entire environment is influenced by this inequality. How can we galerie futura. Together with the fem*MAP 2049 at 1:10.000, the floor mapping
uncover and understand this? What influence does this have on us and the design of integrates the six artistic positions into a “feminist perspective for Berlin today”
our cities? How can we use spatial phenomena to reveal and perhaps even combat – in preparation for a non-sexist city in the near future.
power relations? What do feminist spaces look like? How do appropriation strategies
work? The seminar is a cooperation of the CUD with alpha nova & galerie futura as part of
the event series “Feminist Living History(s) for the Future. BERLIN, BAUHAUS und
In preparation for the exhibition “A feminist perspective for Berlin today! What could DARÜBER HINAUS”. Inspired by Felicita Reuschling’s text “A feminist perspective
a non-sexist city look like?” at alpha nova & galerie futura in Berlin we addressed, for Berlin today! What could a non-sexist city look like?” the idea for the seminar
together with 31 students, the following questions during the fem*MAP Berlin was developed by Dagmar Pelger and Anna Heilgemeir with Katharina Koch and
seminar in summer 2020: What does the feminist appropriation of (urban) space Sylvia Sadzinski from alpha nova & galerie futura and realised together with Martha
mean for a critical planning practice? What role do women* play in architecture, Wegewitz and Julia Köpper.
planning and urban policy, as users, practitioners, decision-makers, campaigners?
Which feminist spatial productions can be found in Berlin?
Based on six artistic positions to be shown in the exhibition, exploring topics such Students* Seminar:
as feminist spaces, practices and visions in architecture and urban planning, each Natasha Nurul Annisa, Edyta Baran, Paul Bostanjoglo, Elif Civici, Yu-Pin Chiu, Hsiao-
student mapped one of the selected topics in their personal context. These personal Lan Chuang, Donka Dimitrova, André Sacharow, Juliana García-Léon, Sebastian
mappings were clustered according to overlapping locations and themes, resulting in Georgescu, Julia Gersten, Jörn Gertenbach, Sena Gür, Tamar Gürciyan, Julius
8 thematic fields, each of which was further explored by one group. Hempen, Viktoria Hevesi, Maximilian Hinz, Rowaa Ibrahim, Tildem Kirtak, Ekaterina
Kropacheva, Kamal Mahajaran, Katrina Neelands Malinski, Elizaveta Mozalevskaya,
The topic- and site-specific personal mappings were first superimposed according Roberta Palma, Solveigh Paulus, Amir Hossein Rezaii, Santiago Sanchez, Feyza
to various criteria in order to work out hypotheses/assumptions; specific spatial Sayman, Nikita Schweizer, Jessica Voth, Jelena Vukovic.
characteristics or qualities, typologies, characteristics of (specific) spatial
production, practices, modes of operation and sets of rules. These assumptions were Students* Mapping-Camp:
further examined using different methods such as spatial analysis, ar¬tistic and Natasha Nurul Annisa, Laura Juliana García-Léon, Jörn Gertenbach, Maximilian Hinz,
ethnographic research and condensed into 8 thematic atlases. Tildem Kirtak, Katrina Malinski, and Jessica Voth from TU Berlin with Péter Máthé,
Ana Maria Rodriguez Bisbicus and Lara Stöhlmacher from UDK Berlin.
The atlases each contain a thematic map, showing the topic within the urban context
of Berlin, topic-specific diagrams, detailed maps or spatial representations and a In cooperation with Katharina Koch and Sylvia Sadzinski, alpha nova & galerie futura
legend explaining the various illustrations. The topics examined in the 8 Atlases https://www.galeriefutura.de/
are REMEMBRANCE, REPRESENTATION & POLITICS, SPACES OF EMPOWERMENT,
NEIGHBOURHOOD OF CARE (WORK), NIGHTSCAPES, HOUSING, MOBILITIES, Many thanks to the artists*
SITUATIONS OF EXCLUSION and PERSONAL SAFETY. Together, these 8 atlases can (fem_arc, Sarah Held, Elke Krasny & Sophie Lingg & Claudia Lomoschitz, Dorothea
be read as a Berlin map showing gender-critical space production as well as the Nold, Banu Çiçek Tülü, Lena Wegmann & Tabea Latocha und Ina Wudtke)
possibilities of feminist space production.
4 5
fem*REMEMBRANCE,
REPRESENTATION & POLITICS
A speculative view into a future feminist cityscape along Berlin’s U1 subway line.
We enter the U1 at Warschauer Straße, heading to an Exhibition at Käthe Kollwitz
Museum in Charlottenburg. Passing by Skalitzer Straße, large murals show the faces
of Berlin’s female mayors and we note that throughout the past ten years the office
was continuously held by women*.
At Kottbusser Tor, the loud speaker reminds us of the nearby ‘Museum of
Intersectional Feminism’. Departing Gleisdreieck, we spot the Pachamama
Sculptures that have been erected during the protests to prevent international Thematic
investors from constructing a high rise complex next to Gleisdreieck-Park. fem*MAP
At Kurfürstenstraße, the train descends underground and activists enter the train,
asking us to sign a petition to support of local sex workers.
M 1: 20.000
Nollendorfplatz has not changed at all in the last years, however at Wittenbergplatz
we are happy to see beautiful commercials from international fair trade fashion
Mitte
Thematic
Mitte
Savignyplatz
brands - free from sexism - in the train station. Soon it is time to get off. The loud
Savignyplatz
speaker calls the name of the recently renamed ‘Uhlandstraße’ now referring to one
01
01
.S......
Str.
SS.O
ueSrtr.
.O.S May-Ayim-Ufer
of the most influential feminist artist of the 20th. Century: ‘Valie-Export-Straße! Last
chaer
May-Ayim-Ufer
fem*MAP
arshau
amm
rsc
rstend mm
W
Kurfüürstenda ‘Pachamama’ Mural
Wa
ße Kurf ‘Pachamama’ Mural
ndstra Witte
stop of the line! Please leave the train here!’ Up in the daylight, we cross the bike
Uhla ndstraße Wittenberg
Uhla nbe platz Qu r
s To
rgp FRAUENZENTRUM
latz Inueeerfem FRAUENZENTRUM
Q Schokoladenfabrik e.V. chseTor
Inteteersre in Schokoladenfabrik e.V. hle
sis
che
rsefe
BIKEYGEES
#nocatcontent ti ism1616
cm Scle sis
Noll #nocatcontent #nocatcontent BIKEYGEES
riding school for ctiooinnis
am Sch
Nollendorf Kurfürstenstraße nal!l!
lane and are not afraid to get run over by a car since Kurfürstendamm was turned Charlottenburg-
end pla Gleisdreieck #nocatcontent riding school
and with for
migrant
orfp tz Kurfürstenstraße Möcke rnbrücke 17
06
latz Gleisdreieck Möckernbrücke
and with migrant
women* Kottbusser Tor 17
Representing Berlin: The U1 Line LARA- 06 women*14 Kottbusser Tor
LARA-
Fachstelle 09 Prinzenstraße 14 Görlitzer Bahnhof
M Friedrichshain-
1: 20.000
Görlitzer Bahnhof
05 Prinzenstraße
Hallesches Tor
Wilmersdorf
Fachstelle 09
gegen sexualisierte
05 10 ‘t Taxx !“
on‘t Hallesches Tor 15
gegen sexualisierte
Gewalt an Frauen* 07 10 11 #free_wife “Don Taod
ri 15 ANTISEXISTISCHE
My Period!“ AKTIONISTISCHE
into a 30 km/h zone. I stop in front of an old street lamp because one of the many
Gewalt an Frauen* 07 11 #free_wife “D ANTISEX
U1 is the oldest U-bahn line in Berlin. Spanning 08
My Pe AKTION 19
02 12
02 04 08 all cunts 12 19 &
alpha nova
9 km, it connects the east to the west part of the Feministisches
Feministisches
Frauengesundheits-
04
all cunt
are beaus
are beautiful
tiful BEGINE
EMANZIPATION
EMANZIPATION alpha nova
galerie &
futura
BEGINE galerie futura
city center, from Frederichshain-Kreuzberg to Frauengesundheits-
Zentrum e.V. 03 feminist
stickers catches my eye that says ‘Boys welcome’. It is an announcement from a
Zentrum e.V. 03 feminist
house project
Friedrichshain-
house project
Tempelhof-Schöneberg and Charlottenburg- 18
Wilmersdorf. Mapping the neighborhoods 18
Frau und Beruf e.V.
Kreuzberg
Frau und Beruf e.V.
Kreuzberg
SEITENWECHSEL
female student group who offer free mathematics coaching in the rooftop restaurant
along this line makes it possible to see the 13 SEITENWECHSEL
13 sport club for women,
sport club for women,
lesbian, trans, inter,
link between and beyond neighborhoods, and lesbian,
and girlstrans, inter,
and girls
help define shared spaces. Unlike the S-bahn,
of KaDeWe on Sundays. the U-bahn is more deeply woven into local
neighborhoods, enabling closer observation
Käthe Kollwitz Museum
Käthe Kollwitz Museum
into the urban fabric.
Although the discrimination of non-male people cannot be overcome by stickers
Görlitzer Park
Görlitzer Park
Tempelhof-
the cursing
theof
cursing
the
of the
PATRIARCHY
and street names, the spatial representation of women* contributes to the process
PATRIARCHY
Schöneberg
of accomplishing gender equality because it configures the environment where our
thoughts and beliefs are shaped.
critical
critical
Hsiao-Lan Chuang, Natasha Nurul Annisa, Paul Bostanjoglo type
type visibility
visibility surrounding
surrounding
Prinzenstraße
Prinzenstraße
feminist
feminist
representation
sticker poster graffiti mural sculpture/ name
representation
sticker poster graffiti mural sculpture/ name high medium low
memorial high medium low
memorial
spatial
spatial authority
authority
along 11 berlin
along berlin
area with street aproppriations U-bahn station/ connection findings
setting
area with street aproppriations U-bahn station/ connection findings
setting plaza
plaza
park
park
crossroads
crossroads
street
street
corner
corner official
official
accredited
accredited
autonom-
autonom-
interchange to another line
interchange to another line
between findings
between findings
‘hotspot‘
‘hotspot‘
feminist
ous
ous
organizations office
office
locations
locations of
links
links
ofoffices
offices 1:20,000
1:20,000
6
Representing Berlin:
7 The U1 Line
U1 is the oldest U-bahn line in Berlin. Spanning
9 km, it connects the east to the west part of the
city center, from Frederichshain-Kreuzberg to
Tempelhof-Schöneberg and Charlottenburg-
Wilmersdorf. Mapping the neighborhoods
along this line makes it possible to see the
link between and beyond neighborhoods, and
help define shared spaces. Unlike the S-bahn,
the U-bahn is more deeply woven into local
neighborhoods, enabling closer observation
into the urban fabric.
6 7
fem*SPACES OF EMPOWERMENT
In order to approach a non-sexist city, it is important to understand its
structural conditions in all their subtleties and dimensions. Cities can be seen as
conglomerates, composed of both material and non-material factors, such as the
built environment and the social sphere1.
Queer2 feminist spaces rely largely on the behaviour of their users to provide a space Social
of empowerment. In order to enable this, a code of behaviour has developed across a
geographically disparate but socially networked series of spaces throughout Berlin3.
Network
By mapping the network of spaces where this code of conduct is present, we seek to Map €
fest
understand the variety of ways in which they are linked socially and financially, while
Whole
Queer Festival
No Scale
://ab
tadt
Siegessä
Ro
exploring how this code of conduct manifests spatially in individual members of the
out
ule S
om
Schw ch
Gegen
ees
is
4R
blan
network.
Lesb
ule
eyg
es
Be lm
NE
Min
ist
Fi
k
B
Bik
rli Fe
The research zooms into three queer spaces located at Kottbusser Tor, each selected Fi erli
Gi
an
n sti
e
o
t
lm n ur
BE
Po va
gi
ce
Fe Fem at
fu
rn l
Ah
rN
from a list of suggestions provided during our initial survey. Using three different st i n
Re
a- iv ni e te
Be al st th v itä
rli O si
spaces - Südblock, Schokofabrik and Café Kotti - the different layers are analysed
n lu
e. xc e
V.
* Se zin
a ga
to understand how social and physical factors come together to create a space of
e
SO yM
f incom
36 M iss
Social
i
ype
empowerment. Although these places are spatially fragmented, they are part of Caf
eK
ott
entity t
a very close and diverse network. External circumstances or threats can through
form o
cake
Cream
these means be responded to as a community. This includes actors from different
fields: political groups, festivals, magazines, performers and
actors. The network addresses not only feminist issues, but also
many other feminist
Description of the mapping: mapping of
Relationships between queer feminist spaces,
intersectional
events and institutions within Berlin. Data
topics
Südblock
Network Pansy Presents
Gladt e.V.
€
Map
gathered from literature research as well as field
PorYe
rberg
such as racism and classism. The connection between the spaces is often evident
s
Quee
observations of the spaces.
1
e Les
tur
Relationships are sorted by nature (financial
in the code of conduct users of the spaces adhere to - sometimes this
support, advertising, is spatially
etc.) and direction. Sources
Silv
erf
u
OY
Mig
raS
No Scale
of income and the type of each entity is also noted.
dy
manifested in form of a poster, sometimes there are social agreements that are Ted
Ko
A
€
ar tti
reflected in the behaviour of the visitors. This above all demands openness and 1 U nt
eil
b
.V. A
qu
&
Co
.
re
tolerance and often explicitly forbids anti-discriminatory behaviour of various kinds. as
se
ar
iu
rik
Ip
m
w
ek
An interesting example of how these social agreements can be expressed spatially
b
ild
g
Dy
fa
€
n
W
ko
tu
lfe
ke
Ra
ho
ra
are gender-neutral toilets. On the social level, heteronormative gender roles are
fem
rade
lO
Ma
du
Liebig34
f.a.q. Infoladen
Schwu
Sc
be
€
e Pa t
be
r
rc
nd
ns
al
inde
h
deconstructed, the gender binary dissolved and space for different genders is
Mö
e:pr
be
Ta
Beh
Le
z
Prid
t
e
ssur
created4. In the physical space, this means a departure from the traditional division €
e
€
of toilets into women and men and making a single gender-neutral toilet is available other
in the space. Gender-neutral toilets, which are also visible in some of our case €
studies, are an interesting example of the interaction between the social and the
physical aspects of creating an empowering space.
The network as well as the code of conduct are subject to constant negotiation 5
*Allgemeine Homosexuelle
Arbeitsgemeinschaft 6
processes and are continuously being expanded. Both are not tied to any specific
place, which means that they can be expanded or transferred to any place at any form of income
entity type
time. Cafe
Space Description of theBarmapping: mapping of
Relationships between queer feminist spaces,
connection type Event/ Party Club
Rowaa Ibrahim, Sebastian Georgescu, Katrina Neelands Malinski, Solveigh Paulus takes place in € Charity
events and institutions within Berlin. Data
Donations
gathered from literature research as well as field
1 Martina Löw, Raumsoziologie, 1. Aufl, Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 1506 (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2001). fundraising Demo observations of theState
spaces.
funding
2 The term queer is used because it unifies many complex identities, no particular roles are set up in advance advertising for Collective/ Network Advertisement
3 Alice Dundon, “Exploring Berlin’s Underground Female & Queer Party Scene,” Culture Trip, March 19, 2018, Relationships are sorted by nature (financial
owns Publication/ Magazine Sales
https://theculturetrip.com/europe/germany/articles/explor ing-berlins-underground-female-queer-party-scene/. support, advertising, etc.) and direction. Sources
1
4 Simona Castricum, “Public Bathrooms Are Gender Identity Battlefields. What If We Just Do It Right? | Simona Castricum,” The Guardian, October 3, 2018, sec. Opinion, member of Award Housing
of income and the type of each entity is also noted.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/03/public-bathrooms-are-gender-identity-battlefields-what-if-we-just-do-it-right.
8 9
fem*NEIGHBOURHOODS OF Legend
CARE(WORK)
care qualities
types of care
Community-based care relies on infrastructures and resources from the other body & health care
sectors. It often is sustained through commoning - concerted actions of members of
child & youth care
individual households. At the same time it often depends on infrastructure sustained
by the public and private sector, like public playgrounds or small shops allowing for elderly care
encounters. emotional & psychosocial care
However, community-based care is essential in filling the abundant gaps in between
the other sectors. It can relieve the burden on individuals, mostly women, which can providing food
always only partly rely on the state to provide child care. Since schools close in the caring for a place
afternoon, someone has to accompany the child from home to a care institution if
paid unpaid
the parents are working. Help from neighbours allows elderly people to live at home
longer. Collective organizing has the potential of communalizing care work. community-based
In our society care work in the household is unpaid and in the public and private
sector usually paid - Community-based care work is in between. Sometimes it is community-based + institutional
done next to paid work, sometimes it is unpaid. In all cases it will require societal
institutional
reorganization for unpaid care work in the household to become remunerated.
Community-based care...
space qualities
original use
...is not visible in the discourse on care work
empty lot shop
...is part of a future, non-sexist empowering system of care work visibility
...needs space and suitable infrastructure. visible not visible
accessibility
André Sacharow, Juliana Garcia Leon, Julia Gersten easy medium difficult
season
time qualities
all winter spring summer winter
week days
all mon-fri weekend spontaneous
time of the day
day night day & night
10 11PARK PARK
PARK
PARKING LOTS
PARK PARKING
PARKING
PARKINGLOTS
DAYTIME
LOTS
LOTS USE DAYTIME
DAYTIMEUSE
ADVERTISEMENT
DAYTIME USE
USE ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
NICHES
ADVERTISEMENT NICHES
NICHES
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
NICHES TRAFFIC
BAR LIGHTS
TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC RESTAURANT BAR
/LIGHTS
LIGHTS BAR/ /
BAR /RESTAURANT
COVERED
RESTAURANT
SPACES
RESTAURANT COVERED
COVEREDSPACES
TAKE
COVERED SPACES
AWAY
SPACES TAKE
TAKEAWAY
TAKE SHOPS
AWAY
AWAY
Safety VARIABLE
AND
SHOPS
SHOPS
SHOPS
People
NIGHT-TYPES
NIGHT-TYPES SUMMARY SUMMARY
NIGHT-TYPES SUMMARY
(Parks and lakes)
fem*NIGHTSCAPES
SOCIAL
LEGEND NIGHTS
(Schools, churches, public (Schools, churches,
(Schools,
(Schools, churches,
churches,public
public
public (Facades
(Facades setbacks, building’s setbacks,
(Facades
(Facades building’s
setbacks,
setbacks, building’s
building’s ! ?
(Parks and lakes) (Parks
(Parksand
(Parks andlakes)
and lakes)
lakes) buildings) buildings)
buildings) entrances) entrances)
entrances)
(U-bahn,
(U-bahn, S-bahn, bridges, tunnels) S-bahn,
(U-bahn,
(U-bahn, bridges,
S-bahn,
(Doner,
S-bahn, tunnels)
bridges,
Pizza,
bridges, tunnels)
Späti)
tunnels) (Doner, Pizza,
(Doner,
(Doner, Späti)
Pizza,
Pizza, Späti)
Späti) Activity ! !
buildings) entrances)
NIGHTSCAPE
NIGHTSCAPE MAP MAP Nightscape CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
SOPHIE-MARIE
NIGHTSCAPE MAP CONCLUSIONS
Type Icon
! ? ! !! ??
? ? ??
? ! ! !! ? ??
?
7/8
7/8ASSESSMENTS
7/8 ASSESSMENTS
7/8 ASSESSMENTS 7/8
7/8ASSESSMENTS
7/8 ASSESSMENTS
ASSESSMENTS 7/8 ASSESSMENTS
ASSESSMENTS
Safety Perception
We wonder how walkable Berlin is at night from a feminist perspective.
? ??
?
SOPHIE-MARIE
SOPHIE-MARIE
SOPHIE-MARIE BAR
BAR//RESTAURANT
BAR / RESTAURANT COVERED
COVEREDSPACES
COVERED SPACES
RESTAURANT SPACES
Synthesis
Light Quality !
By scanning the local news and social media it is possible to see representations of PERMANENT 85 % Safety Perception 8585
85%%
%Safety
SafetyPerception
Safety 66 % Safety Perception 6666
Perception
Perception 66%%
%Safety
SafetyPerception
Safety Perception
Perception
AND
PHYSICAL
Object Properties
Safety
! ! !!
places identified as unsafe. Topics like gender-oriented crime, sexual harassment
PARK
ProximityVisual Relation
? ?? (Parks and lakes)
VARIABLE
NIGHT-TYPES
NIGHT-TYPES SUMMARY SUMMARY
NIGHT-TYPES SUMMARY
RICARDA
and violent assaults are evident. This makes clear that feeling unsafe is actually
! ! !! DAYTIME !NICHES !NICHES ! !! TAKE AND People
PARK PARK
PARK
PARKING
PARK LOTS PARKING
PARKING
PARKING LOTS
LOTS
LOTS USE DAYTIME
DAYTIMEUSE
ADVERTISEMENT
DAYTIME USE
USE ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT !!NICHES
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
NICHES TRAFFIC
BAR LIGHTS
TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC RESTAURANT BAR
/LIGHTS
LIGHTS BAR/ /
BAR !
/RESTAURANT
COVERED
RESTAURANT
SPACES
RESTAURANT COVERED
COVERED
COVERED SPACES
SPACES
AWAY
SPACES TAKE
TAKEAWAY
TAKE SHOPS
AWAY
AWAY SHOPS
SHOPS
SHOPS
SOCIAL
(Schools, churches, public (Schools, churches,
(Schools, churches,public
public (Facades
(Facades setbacks, building’s setbacks,
(Facades building’s
setbacks, building’s
! !!
(Parks and lakes) (Parks
(Parksand
andlakes)
lakes) (Schools, churches, public (Facades setbacks, building’s (U-bahn,
(U-bahn, S-bahn, bridges, tunnels) S-bahn,
(U-bahn, bridges,
S-bahn,
(Doner, tunnels)
bridges,
Pizza,
tunnels)
Späti) (Doner, Pizza,
(Doner, Späti)
Pizza, Späti) Activity !
(Parks and lakes) buildings) buildings)
buildings) entrances) entrances)
entrances) (U-bahn, S-bahn, bridges, tunnels) (Doner, Pizza, Späti) ! !
caused by other people. But obviously space and built surroundings is are to
buildings) entrances)
Nightscape
RICARDA
RICARDA
RICARDA
Type Icon SOPHIE-MARIE
! ? ! !! ?? ? ?? ! ! !! ? ??
?
reproduce these feelings or even to create the conditions in which such crimes are
? ?
7/8
7/8ASSESSMENTS
7/8 ASSESSMENTS
7/8 ASSESSMENTS 7/8
7/8ASSESSMENTS
7/8 ASSESSMENTS
ASSESSMENTS 7/8 ASSESSMENTS
ASSESSMENTS ?
? ?? Safety Perception
?
ARIE SOPHIE-MARIE
SOPHIE-MARIE
BAR
BAR//RESTAURANT
BAR / RESTAURANT COVERED
COVEREDSPACES
COVERED SPACES
possible.
SOPHIE-MARIE
RESTAURANT SPACES
Synthesis
Light Quality ! CATON
? ??
? ? ??
?! ! !! ? ??
? ! ! !! PERMANENT 85 % Safety Perception 8585
85%%
%Safety
SafetyPerception
Safety 66 % Safety Perception 6666
Perception
Perception 66%%
%Safety
SafetyPerception
Safety Perception
Perception
Urban planning already has concepts for developing a safe urban environment for
AND
PHYSICAL
Object Properties
! ! !!
CATON
CATON
CATON Proximity
all genders, but locations can completely change their qualities during night or day.
? RICARDA
??
! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !!
Map Legend
! !! !
By talking to women living in Berlin, we want to consider if the criteria developed by
RICARDA
RICARDA
RICARDA SAFETY Unsafe
5/8
5/8ASSESSMENTS
5/8 ASSESSMENTS
5/8 ASSESSMENTS
ASSESSMENTS
PERCEPTION SHYNIA
urban planners creates a feeling of safety, especially during the night.
! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! Safe
DAYTIME USE DAYTIME
DAYTIMEUSE
USE
6060
PARK PARK
PARK TAKE AWAY TAKE
TAKEAWAY
AWAY
60 % Unsafety Perception60%%
%Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Unsafety Perception 100
100%%
100 % Unsafety Perception
Perception 100 %Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Unsafety 80 % Safety Perception 8080
Perception
Perception 80%%
%Safety
SafetyPerception
Safety Perception
Perception
SHYNIA
SHYNIA
SHYNIA
We are going to retrace the daily night routes of women to compare their subjective CATON
experiences with the design rules of the planners, which are intended to be objective.
? ??
? ? ??
?! ! !! ? ??
? ! ! !! ACTIVITY Lively
! !! ! !! !
Thereby we want to create a subjective safety catalogue of individual perceived
Lonely
CATON
CATON
CATON JULIANA
Map Legend
objects and spatial conditions in Berlin, which could be called described as a set of
! ! !! ! ! !!! ! !!
PEOPLE Perceived as Women*
5/8
5/8ASSESSMENTS
5/8 ASSESSMENTS
5/8 ASSESSMENTS
ASSESSMENTS
!
JULIANA
JULIANA
JULIANA Night Typologies. SAFETY
PERCEPTION
Perceived as Men
Unsafe
DAYTIME USE DAYTIME
DAYTIMEUSE
USE PARK PARK
PARK TAKE AWAY
SHYNIA
TAKE
TAKEAWAY
AWAY
! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! Suspicious
! !! Safe
6060
60 % Unsafety Perception60%%
%Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Unsafety Perception 100
100%%
100 % Unsafety Perception
Perception 100 %Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Unsafety 80 % Safety Perception 8080
Perception
Perception 80%%
%Safety
SafetyPerception
Safety Perception
Perception
! ! !! ! ! !!
Yu-Pin Chiu, Tamar Gürciyan, Maximilian Hinz, Tildem Kirtak, Kamal Maharjan,
SHYNIA
SHYNIA
SHYNIA CAROLINE
VISIBILITY
? Not Visible / Unclear
ACTIVITY Lively
! !! ! !!
Santiago Sánchez
! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ? ??
? ! ! !!
! Observe Attentive
Lonely 4/8
4/8ASSESSMENTS
4/8 ASSESSMENTS
4/8 ASSESSMENTS
ASSESSMENTS
CAROLINE
CAROLINE
CAROLINE ! Feel Observed JULIANA
NICHES NICHES
SHOPS
NICHES
NICHES SHOPS
SHOPS
SHOPS !
! ! !! ! ! !!! ! !!
PEOPLE Perceived as Women* 100 % Unsafety Perception 100
100% %
%Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Perception 100
Perception
100 % Unsafety 100% %
%Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Perception
100 Unsafety Perception 100 Unsafety Perception
Light
! !! ! !! ! !! LIGHT
! ! ! IREM
QUALITY Perceived as Men
JULIANA
JULIANA
JULIANA ? ??
? ! ! !!
Mid-light
?? Suspicious
! ! !!! ! !! ? ? ! ! !! ! ! !!
Dark
! ! !! ! ! !!
CAROLINE
IREM
IREM
IREM VISIBILITY
? Not Visible / Unclear
OBJECT
! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ? ??
? !
QUALITY Enclosed! !! ! !!
Observe Attentive !
!
4/8
4/8ASSESSMENTS
4/8 ASSESSMENTS
4/8 ASSESSMENTS
ASSESSMENTS
MARTA
CAROLINE
CAROLINE
CAROLINE !Opened Feel Observed
NICHES NICHES
SHOPS
NICHES
NICHES SHOPS
SHOPS
SHOPS
LEGEND 3/8
3/8ASSESSMENTS
3/8 ASSESSMENTS ASSESSMENTS
NIGHTSCA
! ! !! ? ??
? ! ! !!
100%3/8
100 % Unsafety Perception 100
100 % 100 ASSESSMENTS
%Unsafety
Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Perception 100
Perception
% Unsafety
Perception 100% %
100 %Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Unsafety Perception
Perception
PROXIMITY Light
Enough Distance
! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! LIGHT
QUALITY IREM
MARTA
MARTA
MARTA Narrow Distance PARKING LOTS PARKING
PARKING
PARKINGLOTS
ADVERTISEMENT
LOTS
LOTS ? ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
TRAFFIC?LIGHTS
?
ADVERTISEMENT
? ! TRAFFIC
TRAFFICLIGHTS
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
! !!
LIGHTS
! Mid-light
100 % Unsafety Perception 100
100% %
100 %Unsafety
Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Perception
66 % Safety Perception
Perception 6666
66% %
%Safety
66 %Perception
Safety
Safety Safety
Perception
Perception
Perception 6666
66% %
%Safety
SafetyPerception
Safety Perception
Perception
! ! !!! ! !! ? ??
? ! ! !! ! ! !!
Dark
IREM
IREM
Map System ! ! !! ! ! !!
IREM
OBJECT !
QUALITY Enclosed ! !!
! PARK PA
Visual Relation
MARTA
CONCLUSION (Parks and lakes)
VARIABLE
Opened
AND People
SOCIAL
LEGEND NIGHTS
3/8 ! ?
! ! !! ? ??
? ! ! !! Activity ! ! 3/8ASSESSMENTS
3/8 ASSESSMENTS
3/8 ASSESSMENTS
ASSESSMENTS
! !! ? ?? ? ??
? ! !
! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ? !
! ! !! PROXIMITY! Enough Distance
! ! !! Type Icon SOPHIE-MARIE
MARTA
MARTA
MARTA Narrow Distance PARKING LOTS PARKING
PARKING
PARKINGLOTS
ADVERTISEMENT
LOTS
LOTS ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
ADVERTISEMENT TRAFFIC
TRAFFICLIGHTS
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
LIGHTS
!
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Safety Perception
Most common typesPerception
100 % Unsafety according
100
100% %
100
the
66 % number
%Unsafety
Unsafety
UnsafetyPerception
Perception
Safety of assesments
Perception
Perception 6666
66% %
%Safety
66 %Perception
Safety
Safety Safety
Perception
Perception
Perception 6666
66% %
%Safety
SafetyPerception
Safety Perception
Perception
PARK
Map System Light Quality ! ! ! !! ! ! !!
! ! !! PERMANENT
AND
PHYSICAL
Object Properties
PARK
ProximityVisual Relation
PARK PARK
PARK
PARKING LOTS
PARK PARKING
PARKING
PARKINGLOTS
DAYTIME
LOTS
LOTS USE DAYTIME
DAYTIME
DAYTIMEUSE
ADVERTISEMENT
USE
USE ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
NICHES
ADVERTISEMENT NICHES
NICHES
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
NICHES TRAFFIC
BAR LIGHTS
TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC RESTAURANT BAR
/LIGHTS
LIGHTS BAR/ /
BAR /RESTAURANT
COVERED
RESTAURANT
SPACES
RESTAURANT COVERED
COVEREDSPACES
TAKE
COVERED SPACES
AWAY
SPACES TAKE
TAKEAWAY
TAKE AWAY
SHOPS
AWAY SHOPS
SHOPS
SHOPSVARIABLE RICARDA (Parks and lakes)
CONCLUSION
AND People
SOCIAL
! ?
?? ? ??
?
Activity 10 ! !
! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !! ? ? ! ! !!
! ! !! Type Icon SOPHIE-MARIE
ON CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Safety Perception
Most common types according the number of assesments ?
PARK
Light Quality ! CATON
! ! !! PERMANENT
AND
PHYSICAL
Object Properties
Proximity
PARK PARK
PARK
PARKING LOTS
PARK PARKING
PARKING
PARKINGLOTS
DAYTIME
LOTS
LOTS USE DAYTIME
DAYTIME
DAYTIMEUSE
ADVERTISEMENT
USE
USE ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
NICHES
ADVERTISEMENT NICHES
NICHES
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
NICHES TRAFFIC
BAR LIGHTS
TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC RESTAURANT BAR
/LIGHTS
LIGHTS BAR/ /
BAR /RESTAURANT
COVERED
RESTAURANT
SPACES
RESTAURANT COVERED
COVEREDSPACES
TAKE
COVERED SPACES
AWAY
SPACES TAKE
TAKEAWAY
TAKE AWAY
SHOPS
AWAY SHOPS
SHOPS
SHOPS RICARDA
!
SAFETY
10
Unsafe
PERCEPTION SHYNIA
12 Safe
13
?fem*HOUSING / HÄUSERKAMPF (GBH)
(GBH)
IST FRAUEN*KAMPF
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IF YOU ARE NOT SAFE AT HOME
Info-
HOUSING CHOICES IN BERLIN
(FOR WHATEVER REASON)
(FEM*HOUSES)
Info-
WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS?
Gender-based violence is a global pandemic. It has infiltrated every possible place;
STATS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
PARTNER SHORT TERM LONG TERM
Graphics
AGAINST
in every possible form. It exists in both the public and the private realms. It cat-
Graphics
WOMEN IN BERLIN FURNISHED FLATS AIRBNB WG (SHARED FLATS) ? FLAT FOR ONE PERSON
STUDIO FLATS HOTELS, HOSTELS STUDIO FLATS
Threat
calls women as they walk in the street, it gropes and grabs where it shouldn’t, and it
12% Severe MICRO HOUSES MICRO HOUSES
personal injury
11%
WG (SHARED FLATS) FLATS WITH 2+ROOMS
EMERGENCY HOUSING
7% Stalking
SOCIAL HOUSING CO-HOUSING ?
makes the home a dangerous place. There is a spectrum of violence against women,
5%
Other Coercion WOMEN ONLY WG FRAUENHÄUSER
60%
Offence against LGBTQIA+ FRIENDLY WG ? (WOMEN SHELTERS) SELF-INITIATIVES
|COMMUNITY CREATION|
the sexual
Body injury Other
3%
self-determination
>15.600 people STUDENT HOUSING
2%
WHAT FACTORS MAKE THIS
and it spans different degrees of severity, locations, and people. Though every
70% women
VIOLENCE IN THE FAMILY STUDENTWERK RESIDENCES CO-OP AFFORDABLE
Percentage of crimes of reported cases
pattnership violence, 2017
REPORTED VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE IN 2019
AMONG THEM:
SITUATION MORE DIFFICULT PRIVATE STUDENT RESIDENCES ?
WG (SHARED FLATS) ?
SAFE
FOR WOMEN?
14526
situation is different, all incidents are harmful. Gender-based violence is most visible
RENTAL
79,9%
women
OWNERSHIP
474 988 98,4% 79,9%
EMERGENCY HOUSING
in the public realm, but this investigation seeks to uncover the affects of violence
women women
procedure
Investigative
Accuse
Penalty
VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VICTIMS OF
ABUSE INTENTIONAL BODY
HOW MANY CASES END UP THE OFFICE INJURY
OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
against women in the home: domestic violence. In Germany, more than 80% of victims
Berlin, 2017
1096
100%
100%
77% 88,5%
women women SOME WOMEN STAY HERE
LOW INCOME UNTIL 18 MONTHS
COMPLETELY FILLED
of domestic violence are women*.1 A woman* could be assaulted in her home by a
181 WERE KILLED VICTIMS OF THREATS, HIGH
STALKING OR WORKLOAD
COERCION IN THE OF SHELTERS [ 729 PLACES
procedure
Investigative
criminal orders
Charges or
PARTNERSHIP IN TOTAL ]
23,6%
EMPLOYED PERSONS MONTHLY NET INCOME LIVE HERE FOR
partner, roommate, or even a visitor. The incidents include assaults, harassment,
DIFFICULTIES > 3 MONTHS
26.000 men INCREASE IN
HOW MANY CASES END UP (2017) IN THE
TIME SPENT
PROSECUTOR LACK OF HOUSING
Berlin, 2017 IN SHELTERS [ 301 ] [ 298 ] [ 130 ]
WERE COERCED, SPACE FOR
THREATENED OR ATTACKED BY THEIR
PARTNERS OR FORMER PARTNERS
UNDER 300 OTHERS H
intimidation, and many other forms of physical and emotional violence.
300 TO 499 6 SECOND-LEVEL 835 WOMEN + 857 CHILDREN O
FRAUENHÄUSER APARTMENTS B
+10% 300 TO 699 692.500 (=19.45%) LIVED IN THE WOMEN'S SHELTERS IN 2017
EMPLOYED PEOPLE REFUGE APARTMENTS
700 TO 899 RECEIVED THE
94,3% = 3.177 MINIMUM SALARY OR
THE INCREASE IN 900 TO 1,099 LESS
men
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
DURING 1100 TO 1,299
IN TOTAL
CORONAVIRUS
LIVING ON YOUR OWN
3,368 PEOPLE IN
MORE OFTEN THAN EVERY PRISON IN 2018*
1300 TO 1,499
GENDER PAY GAP
Meanwhile, Berlin is currently in a housing crisis. In the past ten years, rents have
THIRD DAY IN GERMANY, ONE * for different crime 1500 TO 1,999
WOMAN IS KILLED BY HER
PARTNER 2000 TO 2,599
21%
2600 AND OVER KEEPING IN MIND MIN WAGE 1,584 € PER MONTH (2020) AND 30% AS A
more than doubled.2 The population is growing exponentially, estimated to pass
THRESHOLD OF AFFORDABILITY FOR RENT VALUE, WE WERE
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
THOUSAND
50
0
PEOPLE
(2019) SEARCHING "THE AFFORDABLE" ACCOMODATION IN BERLIN WITH COST
FLATMATE OR STRANGER? 1498€ IS A MINIMUM SALARY(2017) 475.2 EURO PER MONTH H
61% OF ALL EMPLOYEES P
the 4-million-mark by 2025.3 The local government has taken steps to counter the
B
AT THE MINIMUM WAGE WE FOUND AFFORDABLE APARTMENTS IN ONLY ONE PLACE IN BERLIN
ARE WOMEN
12689 AHRENSFELDE
skyrocketing rental prices, including banning mega-landlords and the recently 73.665 MARZAHN-HELLERSDORF
WHAT ARE THE STATISTICS OF 330 EURO RENT FOR 40 M2
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FROM UNEMPLOYED WOMEN
introduced 5-year rental freeze. However, finding a home in Berlin is still extremely
(2017)
UNEMPLOYMENT ALLOWANCE FOR SINGLE 432
FLATMATE OR STRANGER? FOR A CHILD UNDER 5 YEARS +250
6 - 13 YEARS +308
difficult. And it seems to be even harder for women*. In renting, one should consider LACK OF AFFORDABILITY M
T
POPULATION STATS WG*
the price, location, size, etc. As a woman* an added factor to consider is that of
W
P
WG-GESUCHT BERLIN ADS
NUMBER OF ADS 4731 *WG-GESUCHT.DE BERLIN [15.06.2020]
safety. The majority of ‘short-term’ rentals in Berlin consist of flat-shares of ‘WGs’.
SHORT TERM
11%
POPULATION DEVELOPMENT
ALL-FEMALE WGS
HOUSEHOLDS (2017)
afforda-
TOTAL - 2,002,900
LONG TERM 166
These are apartments that are usually let by one main tenant, who then rents out
89%
578,700 = 28,9%
THE EXPECTED INCREASE IN THE
POPULATION OF BERLINERS FROM
WG-GESUCHT RENTAL TYPE
3,769,000 IN 2019 TO 4,437,187 IN 2030
bility?
1,049,100 = 52,4%
This information graphics show the INCOME 12% 1 BEDROOM
3,500,000 THRESHOLD OF AFFORDABILITY APARTMENT
193,700 = 9,7%
the various bedrooms to other sub-tenants. Financially, women* are still earning
NO > 30% RENT VALUE 19% 44
126,700 = 6,3%
process of the research as overall
FLAT
54,700 = 2,7%
3,400,000 14 2 1
250€ 350€ 450€ 550€ 650€ 750€ 850€ 950€
69% WG
narrative. Taking domestic violence as 3,300,000
FOUR OUT OF FIVE GERMANS SAID THEY BELIEVE
HIGH LIVING COSTS CREATE A CONSIDERABLE
much less than men, meaning that they may have to compromise on aspectsaviolance of are presented. Rather than
POVERTY RISK.
starting point, statistics of domestic WOMEN
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
44%
MEN
THE BIGGEST SHORTAGE IS TO BE FOUND
the apartment when renting. The gender pay gap in Germany currently sits outcomes
at aof domestic violance from
ANY APARTMENT
concentrating on the reasons and AMONG SINGLES LIVING UNDER THE
POVERTY LINE WHO HAVE INCOMES OF 8%
48%
LESS THAN 60 PERCENT OF THE MEAN. MIXED
76% OF ALL APARTMENT
(C.) BERLIN-BASED RESEARCHER
BERLIN HOUSING CRISIS
ANDREJ HOLM
family/partner; the research takes
1745 MIXED FLAT SHARE
difference of 21%. The rental crisis is pushing women to live in places that they feel
61% OF ALL APARTMENT
461 WOMEN`S FLAT SHARE
POVERTY LINE 85 MEN`S FLAT SHARE
a position to bring the inexplicit 25% OF ALL APARTMENT 301 LGBTQIA+FRIENDLY
SAMPLE SIZE AVERAGE RENT AVERAGE ROOM
227 493€ 18.5M
482 INTERNATIONAL`S WELCOME
situations of domestic violance into
unsafe, too worried to leave because of how hard it is to find accommodation in the
1241 MEN WOMEN
2
light. It takes Berlin‘s current housing 1217 MEN MEN
crisis in center and evaluates this in SHORTAGE OF SHORTAGE OF 1205
805 WOMEN
WOMEN WOMEN
MEN
first place. AFFORDABLE HOUSING MAKES
a feminist perspective. How safe and 85% AFFORDABLE HOUSING
FREE-HOLD FLATS
RENTAL FLATS
affordable is renting in Berlin as a FINDING PROTECTION
WHAT CAN BE DONE?
What are the housing options for women* in Berlin? And if you are unsafe atsingle/young
home,
310,000 APARTMENTS
women?
100% = 1.9 MLN DWELLINGS
15% DIFFICULT
10 11
what can you do? Frauenhäuser are women’s* shelters that offer protection for
those needing it. In 2019 a total of 729 places were available in six women’s refuges,
as well as refuge apartments and second-level apartments. They are now working This information graphics show the
intensively on “emergency accommodation for women* affected by violence in process of the research as overall
narrative. Taking domestic violence as
the event that the needs cannot be met by the women’s shelters,” writes press a starting point, statistics of domestic
spokesman Moritz Quiske. But these cannot meet the demand. There seem to be an violance are presented. Rather than
concentrating on the reasons and
increasing number of self-made all-female* WGs. outcomes of domestic violance from
family/partner; the research takes
a position to bring the inexplicit
Ekaterina Kropacheva, Feyza Sayman, Nikita Schweizer situations of domestic violance into
light. It takes Berlin‘s current housing
1 Yan, 2018. Women Disproportionately Affected By Domestic Violence In Germany: Official Figures [online] Xinhuanet.
Available at: [Accessed 11 July 2020]. crisis in center and evaluates this in
2 Ratgeber.immowelt.de. 2020. Immobilien-Ratgeber - Nützliche Infos & Tipps Zu Immobilien. [online] a feminist perspective. How safe and
Available at: [Accessed 11 July 2020]. affordable is renting in Berlin as a
3 DW. 2017. Berlin 24/7: Germany’s Capital Is Growing At An Alarming Speed | DW | 15.01.2017. [online]
single/young women?
Available at: [Accessed 11 July 2020].
14 15
10fem*MOBILITIES
Behavioural Type C has a localised
pattern.
Home is the single centre. It is the pattern
A great amount of literature is provided on mobility and gender, drawing out two where we see the supply avaibility is the
highest in a smaller raidus. Preference of
disparate trends of thinking. While one focuses on how mobility shapes gender, the the way of moving is priorily by walking or
other examines how gender shapes mobility. by cycling.
Public Transport is not preffered by the
The mobility research studies that focus on the differences between genders show interviewee, except for occasional lake
the simplified conclusion that women have a more vivid movement pattern with many trips.
Also, as reported by the interviewee, there
steps, while men mostly commute, moving from home to work and back again. This is no good public transport conncetion
pattern can certainly not unconditionally be applied to all women in every society. We between home and kita. So bicycle is
preffered for this route, as the mobility
believe that mobility patterns are strongly connected to personal circumstances. The device.
unbalanced distribution of care work and therefore the social roles imposed by most
societies is what defines mobility behaviour, not biological gender.
Most studies on mobility (and gender) are also not dealing with the spatial transfer of
the findings. We believe that there needs to be a shift to research agendas that also
take geographic, social and cultural but especially spatial contexts into account.
Simply put, how do women shape mobility spaces in Berlin and how do mobility
spaces in Berlin shape women’s mobility behaviour?
IIn our Berlin-specific research we found a set of parameters that are we felt were
worth looking at in greater depth. First, how does the distribution of productive
and reproductive work does play a role in mobility? The connection of this topic
with the configuration of the direct living environment is very important. Second,
multimodality and shared mobility are important trends that influence the mobility The behaviour is mostly run between home
choices of women. Third the safety of all kinds of mobility infrastructure from bike and the university. Other than that, more
localised behaviour is present, mostly in a
lanes to streetlights or public transport spaces seems to have an enormous effect on 3 km radius.
how women move through Berlin. It is reported that the S-Bahn in
Warschauer Str. gets cancelled very often
The fem*MAP Mobility is the result of the attempt to spatialize the topics we found and that the bus provided instead is not
in various interviews on the Berlin cityscape. In addition to that, we used other ways convinent, and for this reason interviewee
prefers to take her bike with her to this
of mapping and visualising the complex relationship of gender, space and mobility in location.
Berlin.
Reaching a more gender-sensitive perspective on space and mobility will help to
improve existing infrastructure and help offer more equal accessibility to transport
for all different groups.
Elif Civici, Jörn Gertenbach, Sena Gür, Jessica Voth
16 17fem*PERSONAL SAFETY / Personal
safety
KOTTBUSSER TOR
In recent years, Kottbusser Tor has been deemed by the PoliceZoom#
as one of 3
the
“kriminalitätsbelastete Orte”, whilst U-Bahn stations Schönleinstrasse, and Görlitzer
Bahnhof have become notorious as hotspots of drug abuse.
At the same time, this area of Kreuzberg is one of the most densely populated, popular,
and lively areas in the district. Tourists, as well as residents, occupy the streets; whilst
restaurants and bar seating spill out into the pavement.
In this atlas, we wanted to pose the questions:
Is Kottbusser Tor really an unsafe space?
What leads to a space being considered unsafe?
Is the feeling of danger a valid indicator of the true nature of the place or does it give
us a biased view?
Donka Dimitrova, Elizaveta Mozalevskaya, Jelena Vukovic, Julius Hempen
Police Presence
Young woman Middle aged woman Senior woman Women with child Female Police Officer Woman of colour
20 21
WOMAN OF COLOUR
18 19fem*SPACES OF EXCLUSION Bus stop
When we think about spaces of exclusion for women, we struggle for a moment.
Situation 1
In Berlin, there are definitely spaces that are explicitly male-exclusive. However,
daytime, wednesday
the aim of our research is to highlight those that are more subtle than obvious.
Female, 27
Those that are not explicit are the most common ones, contributing to the Thefeeling
interviewee is from Spain and has
been residing in Berlin for 8 years. On
of women’s social exclusion from regular daily activities. In order to achieve a afternoon, she leaves her
a Wednesday
part time job at an architectural office Other people
Other people around
around ifif needing
needing help
help
however interviewee
however interviewee decides
decides to
to make
make aa
wider understanding of these mechanisms, we began mapping spatial, social and
and heads to a nearby bus stop on foot
in the neighborhood. She’s planning to
call instead
call instead to
sense of
sense
to aa family
of security).
security).
family member
member (for
(for aa
behavioural patterns. go to the friend’s flat for a birthday party
but has never been to this bus stop
We conducted interviews, as well as reflecting on personal experiences that before.
we came
Upon arriving to the bus stop, she
Residential building
Residential
facade
building
facade -- Eyes
Eyes on
on the
the ‘Open back’
‘Open back’ structure
structure of
of
street
street
across in different contexts, locations and times of the day.
begins to encounter feelings of exclu- the bus
the bus stop
stop -- removes
feeling of
removes
of security
security around
around
feeling
sion. A group of youth occupies the ones’ self
ones’ self
relatively small bus shelter – placing
Our research questions on exclusive spatial theory approach are as follows: feet on seating, expressing loud anti-
social behavior, overtaking the space
1. What spaces make you feel excluded? and making uncomfortable comments
to the interviewee.
2. What spaces make you feel implicitly and explicitly excluded*? Can you On name
frustration,an
the interviewee de-
cides to leave the bus shelter after a
example for an outdoor and an indoor space? couple of minutes and stands nearby
while waiting for the bus. The reach of
3. Why do you feel excluded from those spaces? atmosphere/attitude/ furniture etc.
exclusional feelings reaches ‘street’ level
at maximum and is concentrated at the
4. Do you think there are specific physical elements that make you feel thisfeelings
way?
bus stop and its immediate context. The
are removed with the arrival of
Where are
Where are you
you
going princess?
going princess?
What are these?
the bus and upon embarking.
Small secluded
Small secluded bus
bus
5. How does this affect your perception of the surrounding area? How far does this stop shelter
stop shelter
perception reach (district, street etc)?
6. Describe the experience/space in detail. Other people around if needing help
however interviewee decides to make a
Tall Hedge
Tall Hedge -- removing
feeling of
feeling
removing the
of ‘Eyes
‘Eyes on
on the
the
the
call instead to a family member (for a street’ provided
street’ provided byby the
the
sense of security). residential building
residential building -- adding
adding to
to
discomfort and
discomfort and feeling
feeling
like ‘nowhere
like ‘nowhere toto hide’
hide’
From these interviews, we recognised two layers contributing to the feeling of II feel
feel uncomfortable
with the
with
uncomfortable
the group
group
exclusion: a spatial and a social layer. While analysing the collected data on a spatial
Residential building occupying the
occupying the entire
entire
facade - Eyes on the ‘Open back’ structure of bus shelter
bus shelter and
and
street the bus stop - removes calling me
calling me names
names
level, besides some clear, solid examples, there were few physical elements that
feeling of security around
ones’ self fear
isola
could be connected to most of the gender-specific situations. The objects, furniture anxi
ange
or spatial layouts that were described as “excluding” from wom*n interviewees stre
frus
generated the same feelings in male and non-binary interviewees. Humans, initially Long pedestrian
pedestrian areaarea with
with no
no Seating too
Seating too narrow
narrow and
and short
short --
Long
exclusive from
exclusive from the
the perspective
perspective ofof
particular ‘other’
particular ‘other’ function
function and
and loud
loud
'plus size'
'plus size' people
people and
and elderly
elderly -- hesi
Bus stop
background noise
background noise ofof cars
cars passing
passing
currently fully
fully occupied
occupied by
by the
the gang
gang
seen as spatial elements, couldn’t be any longer considered only in their physical
currently
by on
by on aa busy
busy traffic
traffic route
route
adding to
adding to discomfort
discomfort and
and feeling
feeling of
of disc
exclusion
exclusion
inse
entity. The social agents and their actions resulted as having a much more direct emb
Situation 1 bein
effect on the space than initially thought.
Where are you
going princess?
daytime, wednesday bein
On the social layer, the patterns that became clear highlighted a wider range of Female, 27 Small secluded bus
stop shelter
feelings that trigger the idea of exclusion, rather than the feeling of exclusion itself. 10 The interviewee is from Spain and has 11
been residing in Berlin for 8 years. On
Most of them resulted to be generated from the users and the use of the space a Wednesday afternoon, she leaves her
Other people around if needing help
part time job at an architectural office
involved in the situation. Therefore, it was relevant for the research purpose to show
however interviewee decides to make a
Tall Hedge - removing the
and heads to a nearby bus stop on foot call instead to a family member (for a
feeling of ‘Eyes on the
sense of security).
in the neighborhood. She’s planning to street’ provided by the
in detail not only the spatial configuration but to describe graphically the effects of
residential building - adding to
go to the friend’s flat for a birthday party discomfort and feeling
but has never been to this bus stop like ‘nowhere to hide’
the social layer on space and their users in a specific frame. before.
Upon arriving to the bus stop, she
Residential building
facade - Eyes on the
I feel uncomfortable
with the group
‘Open
occupying the back’ structure of
entire
In conclusion, the aim of the research is to show that the consequences of spatial
street
begins to encounter feelings of exclu- the bus stop - removes
bus shelter and
feeling of security around
calling me names ON OFF
sion. A group of youth occupies the ones’ self
fear
configurations alone on society are limited, and they can’t be disconnected from the
relatively small bus shelter – placing
feet on seating, expressing loud anti- isolation
social behavior, overtaking the space
social environment nor specifically grounded to a point on a map. and making uncomfortable comments
anxiety
anger
to the interviewee.
On frustration, the interviewee de- stress
cides
Long pedestrian areatowith
leave
no the bus shelter after a Seating too narrow and short - frustration
Edyta Baran, Viktoria Hevesi, Roberta Palma, Amir Hossein RezaeiCherati particular ‘other’
couplefunction
of and loud
minutes
background noise of cars passing
while
and stands nearby
exclusive from the perspective of
'plus size' people and elderly -
waiting for the bus. The reach of currently fully occupied by the gang
hesitation
by on a busy traffic route
adding to discomfort and feeling of discomfort
exclusional feelings reaches ‘street’ level exclusion
at maximum and is concentrated at the
insecurity
bus stop and its immediate context. The Where are you
embarassment
feelings are removed with the arrival of going princess? being watched
the bus and upon embarking. being judged
Small secluded bus
20 21 stop shelterCUD WORK REPORTS N° 1 FEM*MAP BERLIN - FEMINIST SPATIAL SYSTEMS FOR A NON-SEXIST CITY Chair for Urban Design and Urbanisation TU Berlin 2021 www.cud.tu-berlin.de Concept and Studio Organization Research and Mapping Seminar Julia Köpper (WM), Martha Wegewitz (LA), Dagmar Pelger (Guest Lecturer), Prof. Jörg Stollmann In cooperation with Katharina Koch and Sylvia Sadzinski, alpha nova & galerie futura www.galeriefutura.de Authors: Natasha Nurul Annisa, Edyta Baran, Paul Bostanjoglo, Elif Civici, Yu-Pin Chiu, Hsiao-Lan Chuang, Donka Dimitrova, André Sacharow, Juliana García-Léon, Sebastian Georgescu, Julia Gersten, Jörn Gertenbach, Sena Gür, Tamar Gürciyan, Julius Hempen, Viktoria Hevesi, Maximilian Hinz, Rowaa Ibrahim, Tildem Kirtak, Ekaterina Kropacheva, Kamal Mahajaran, Katrina Neelands Malinski, Elizaveta Mozalevskaya, Roberta Palma, Solveigh Paulus, Amir Hossein Rezaii, Santiago Sanchez, Feyza Sayman, Nikita Schweizer, Jessica Voth, Jelena Vukovic (TU Berlin) and Péter Máthé, Ana Maria Rodriguez Bisbicus & Lara Stöhlmacher (UDK Berlin). Citation: Köpper, J., Wegewitz, M., Pelger, D., Stollmann, J., (eds.) (2021): „fem*MAP BERLIN. Feminist Spatial System for a non-sexist city.“ CUD Work Reports No. 1, Berlin DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-11708 Proof-Reading: Katrina Malinski This publication is licensed under the Creative Commons License CC BY 4.0 License: Creative Commons 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The series `CUD Work Reports´ serves the publication of contributions arising from teaching, which promote the exchange of ideas and academic discourse. The publication of a preprint in the series `CUD Work Reports´ does not preclude subsequent publica- tion in another format. The copyright remains with the authors.
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