Going Green with the Internet of Things - WHEN IT MATTERS, IT RUNS ON WIND RIVER - How Embedded and Connected Technologies Are Making a Positive ...
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Going Green with the Internet of Things How Embedded and Connected Technologies Are Making a Positive Environmental Impact WHEN IT MATTERS, IT RUNS ON WIND RIVER
GOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
There’s a growing awareness among enterprises that going green—taking measures
to reduce a company’s carbon footprint, conserve resources, and protect the environ-
ment—has an enormous side benefit: It’s also good business.
Environmental issues plague much of the planet, but with the rapid proliferation of the
Internet of Things (IoT), efficient, economical, and sustainable solutions are within reach.
This paper discusses the environmental challenges businesses face, then profiles three
companies building innovative embedded IoT products that benefit the environment
while solving some of these business challenges. It concludes by looking at the exciting
potential of IoT to deliver solutions that are both economically and environmentally smart.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Introduction: Environmental Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Current Global Environmental Business Pressures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
How the Internet is Going Green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
How IoT is Helping the Earth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Buildings of the Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Schneider Electric: Smart and Secure Energy Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
TaxiBot: The First Robotic Airplane-Towing Vehicle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
AugustaWestland’s Project Zero: Innovative, All-Electric Vertical-Lift Aircraft. . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Transforming the Landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Commercial Aviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Industrial Automation and Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Smart Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 | White Paper
GOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
INTRODUCTION: ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES Climate Agreement difficult if not impossible. The Paris Climate
The combination of an exploding population and rapid industrial- Agreement was negotiated by representatives of 195 countries
ization is putting enormous pressure on the earth’s resources (see and adopted by consensus in 2015, so we must look elsewhere to
Figure 1). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the meet new energy requirements.
United Nations predicts that by 2050 the population of the planet According to the IEA’s 2016 report, renewable power generation
will have increased by 2 billion people. If current income and con- grew by 5% in 2015 and now accounts for approximately 23% of
sumption growth trends continue, the FAO estimates that agricul- worldwide electricity generation. In fact, renewable electricity
tural production will have to increase by 60%1 to satisfy demand. capacity grew at its fastest pace ever in 2015, supported by poli-
It concludes that agriculture must undergo a transformation to cies around energy security, pollution concerns, and climate ben-
accommodate the growing global population and provide the efits. Although 41% of energy is still generated by coal, indications
basis for economic growth. And the challenge of combatting cli- are that consumption peaked in 2015.
mate change will place additional demands on food producers, in Progress is being made on emissions reduction via environmental
the form of technology-driven adaptations and related costs. initiatives and accords like the Paris Climate Agreement, but it is
The resulting software-based technology requires power to oper- premature to declare victory. According to Yale University’s annual
ate the additional connected devices, embedded computers, and Environmental Performance Index for 2016, more than 3.5 billion
IT infrastructure. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts a people —half of the world’s population— still live in countries where
37% increase in energy demand by 2040. 2 the air quality is considered unsafe, and air pollution accounts for
10% of all deaths globally.4
This increased demand for energy will, in turn, place new stresses
on the environment. The Energy Information Administration CURRENT GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL BUSINESS PRESSURES
states that global energy-related CO2 emissions will rise to 35.6
Business bears much of the economic, legislative, and social pres-
billion metric tons in 2020 and to 43.2 billion metric tons in 2040,
sure to implement sustainable practices that reduce carbon emis-
with much of the growth in emissions coming from countries that
sions and consumption of natural resources. Specifically, these
rely on fossil fuels to meet growing energy demand.3 While the
pressures fall into three categories:
resources to meet this demand exist, scaling up production poses
challenges. • Economic: Going green is about the smart use of natural
resources, as optimizing resources through waste reduction or
increased use of recycled materials can lead to business effi-
world’s energy
needs by 2040 ciencies—which, in turn, lead to reduced operating costs. An
37% Increase in
the
aircraft that spends less time waiting on the ground not only
reduces fuel consumption, but also allows more efficient use
n required to
ltural productio of crew and equipment. In addition, renewable energy sectors
Increase in agricu eds by 2050
60% me et po pu lat ion ne
such as generation, management, and storage have created
new opportunities for revenue.
30
billion metric tons emissions by 20 • Legislative: With increased economic pressure come more
40 Wo rld’s projected
annual CO2
extensive regulations concerning resource use. Globally, the
Paris Climate Agreement is setting guidelines. In the U.S.,
Figure 1. Environmental challenges facing the earth
environmental directives from the Environmental Protection
Agency—including the Clean Air Act and the Clean Power
Coal, for example, is an abundant resource with a secure supply
Plan—are the source of ongoing new regulations. And in the
chain—but its carbon footprint is high. Increased production would
aviation sector, the International Civil Aviation Organization and
make reaching the greenhouse gas emissions goals of the Paris
the International Maritime Organization are at work on plans to
3 | White Paper
GOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
implement greener technology to reduce emissions. Apple®, Google, and Facebook have all announced environmental
• Social: Finally, there is increased pressure on corporations to be policies aimed at achieving 100% renewable energy in the future
socially responsible—to protect the health and safety of fellow (see Figure 2). Apple receives particularly high marks from envi-
citizens and local communities by adopting a cleaner strategy in ronmental watchdog groups for projects such as solar- and hydro-
the manufacturing and operation of technology-based systems. electric-powered data centers. The company also states that more
than 99% of the paper in its packaging is recycled or sustainable.8
For many traditional industries, going green is a challenge that
requires a fundamental change in process. But the good news is Google has pledged to fund nearly $2.5 billion in clean-energy
that new technologies that help businesses run more efficiently wind and solar projects to accelerate the deployment of renew-
and reduce operating costs can also help them run cleaner. able energy for its data centers. These projects are expected to
generate over 11 billion kWh annually—much more than the com-
For example, anything a company can do to cut its energy costs has
pany actually consumes. For context, this electricity is equivalent
the added benefit of reducing its environmental impact by reduc-
to the amount consumed by approximately 1 million U.S. homes.9
ing fuel and energy use. According to research by the Carbon War
Room (CWR), an organization dedicated to speeding the adoption According to Facebook, one person using their site for one year
of sustainable business practices, 6,000 of the world’s largest com- produces a carbon footprint smaller than the act of making a sin-
panies have achieved a collective 33% return on investment (ROI) gle medium-sized latte once. The company’s goal in 2015 was to
via initiatives to reduce greenhouse gasses. Going green is not only
5
source 25% clean and renewable energy for data center use—their
the right thing to do for the planet, but is often in a company’s finan- actual result was 35%. Their current goal is to source 50% by 2018.10
cial self-interest as well.
Data centers use significant amounts of water in their cooling sys-
tems, so Facebook focused on reducing consumption by pulling
HOW THE INTERNET IS GOING GREEN
in fresh air from outside and employing efficient water evaporation
IoT is all about collecting and using data; as IoT-based systems
technology. Their data centers now use about half as much water
become ubiquitous, that means ever-increasing amounts of data.
as a typical data center.
International Data Corporation estimates 44 zettabytes will be col-
lected, transmitted, analyzed, and acted on by the year 2020.6 And
Apple
more data requires more Internet bandwidth, cloud computing,
and storage capacity.
Few think of Internet companies as being as resource intensive Google
as manufacturing. But with all this data, the largest Internet com-
panies operate massive data centers that consume enormous
amounts of energy. In fact, according to Greenpeace, the aggre-
gate electricity demand of all digital infrastructure in 2011 would
have ranked as the world’s sixth-largest nation.7
Data storage and service providers therefore have a strong incen-
tive to drive the green energy revolution; otherwise, efficiency
gains and reduced waste from IoT-enabled systems will be can-
Facebook
celled out by the increased energy use of IoT infrastructure. And
indeed, Greenpeace also publishes an annual report on the
“Green Internet” that shows how data center and server operators Figure 2. Apple, Google, and Facebook’s “Green Internet” policy web-
sites
are increasingly investing in sustainable initiatives.
4 | White Paper
GOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
HOW IOT IS HELPING THE EARTH
The development of IoT is opening up new possibilities
IoT is growing rapidly and is poised to generate $19 trillion in for using technology to reduce pollution and improve
economic value for business and society, according to data from how we create, consume, and manage Earth’s resources.
Cisco Systems.11 The power of IoT to tackle environmental issues 9.1 gigatons €43 billion
Total amount of greenhouse Savings by 2020 across European
lies in its ability to gather precise data and, through analytics, turn gases IoT technologies could
potentially save
Union countries from IoT-enabled
energy reductions
it into actionable information that drives smarter decisions about 33% 7X
Average return on investment Reduction of greenhouse gases
business strategy, operational efficiency, and resource allocation. 6,000 of the world’s largest from IoT technologies compared
companies achieved from their to the amount of greenhouse
efforts to reduce their gases they would produce
A recent report by Vodafone examined how the mobile telecom greenhouse gases
industry could contribute to energy savings through the use of
smart solutions. The study focused on smart solutions for wire- Figure 3. How IoT is helping the earth
less communications: smart meters for optimizing grid loading, As with other IoT concepts of connected systems, smart meters
synchronized traffic monitoring, and alert systems; and virtual provide the data from embedded OT devices to IT analytics
products to enable remote working options and reduce commut- engines and back to control mechanisms. This allows for both
ing and office space expenses. It found 13 specific opportunities manual and automated control of various functions in the energy
that by the year 2020 could save 24% of anticipated EU emissions, process. Smart grids provide huge benefits in terms of energy
resulting in a reduction of 113 million tons of carbon emissions and generation and transmission, providing end users with more con-
€43 billion in energy costs across the 28 EU countries (see Figure trol and transparency in their energy usage.
3), and also creating 100 billion new connections.12
Wind River customer Group NIRE is engaged in the advancement
With its close connection to both back-office business systems of alternative energy on a number of fronts. Using IoT technolo-
and operational technology, IoT can drive efficiencies in the pro- gies, it is conducting real-world testing of wind turbines using
cess flow of the entire operation. By the year 2020 these efficiency actual utility distribution systems, leading-edge research on
gains across various sectors will add up to around 9.1 Gt of savings energy storage batteries, and power monitoring, thus accelerat-
in greenhouse gas emissions (see Figure 3), according to the CWR ing the certification of turbines for commercialization. More infor-
report referenced previously. The most promising areas for savings mation on Group NIRE can be found at www.windriver.com/green.
occur in IoT-enabled applications in the energy, transportation,
building, and agriculture sectors. BUILDINGS OF THE FUTURE
By applying IoT technologies to smart building energy systems—
The energy sector showed the largest total CO2 savings (see
including heating, cooling and ventilation, lighting, electronics
Figure 3). The CWR report identified that smart grids alone could
and appliances, and security systems—1.6 Gt of CO2 emissions
save around 2 Gt of emissions. The main savings were through
could be saved (see Figure 4). Buildings of the future must con-
adoption of a “smart grid” approach, allowing more real-time
nect the pieces in an integrated, dynamic, and functional way. The
data, control, and actionable energy savings. In the context of
vision is a smart building that seamlessly fulfills its mission while
the report, these smart grid technologies include devices such
minimizing energy cost, supporting a robust electric grid, and
as smart meters and analytics that provide the capabilities to
mitigating environmental impact.
set hourly pricing and current demand, as well as the ability to
balance and optimize the load on the grid infrastructure. Daikin Applied, another Wind River customer and the world’s larg-
est heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) company, is
capitalizing on the opportunities created by IoT. To see how Daiken
is helping the Earth, watch the video at www.windriver.com/green.
5 | White PaperGOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
green. It offers integrated solutions across multiple market seg-
2
gigatons
SMART GRID
Amount of greenhouse gases ments, including utilities and infrastructure, industries and machine
IoT-enabled smart grid
technologies and alternative manufacturers, buildings, data centers, networks, and residences.
energy technologies, from
companies like Group NIRE, The VxWorks® real-time operating system (RTOS) forms the core
could save by 2020
of the company’s intelligent energy management systems, which
1.6
gigatons
SMART BUILDINGS
Amount of greenhouse gases enable power producers and consumers to measure energy usage
IoT technologies, such as
those from Daikin Applied, more effectively and manage energy supplies automatically based
could save from improving
the energy efficiencies of on dynamic consumption data.
buildings
Security is a major concern in every connected network, but espe-
Figure 4. Amount of greenhouse gases saved from IoT technology cially so in the smart energy grid, where a network-borne attack
could cause widespread power disruption and even put human
Realizing the benefits of IoT for improving the health of the safety at risk. The security functionality built into VxWorks helps
planet will take sustained ingenuity and innovation from the busi- secure the communication stacks Schneider embeds in its sys-
ness world (see Table 1). But more companies today are apply- tems, enabling the company to stay connected continually and
ing advanced technologies to develop innovative products that deliver reliable performance to its end customers.
deliver both economic and environmental benefits. Let’s take a
According to Schneider, more than 40% of greenhouse gas emis-
closer look at three companies that are leading the way to smart,
sions are caused by industrial buildings and residential markets.
sustainable solutions.
Schneider is able to provide energy-efficient solutions that can
yield savings of up to 30%. The company leads by example in its
Table 1. Top Societal Benefits of IoT, According to Survey Respondents13
own building, which is fully equipped with a host of energy-efficient
Improved resource utilization 20% solutions. As a result, Schneider is seeing 30% savings in capital
Increased safety 18% and operating expenses, 25% less energy consumption, an ROI of
Changing the way we work and live 16% five to seven years, and the first-ever ISO 50001–certified building.
Connected living 14%
As a measure of its success in achieving sustainable results,
Enhanced consumer experiences 12%
Schneider was recognized for outstanding business leadership
Reduced pollution 10%
to reduce carbon usage at the 17th Conference of Parties to the
Increased leisure time 10%
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It
SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC: SMART AND SECURE ENERGY also placed 12th in the 2016 “Global 100 Most Sustainable World
Corporations” ranking.14
MANAGEMENT
Headquartered on the outskirts of Paris, Schneider Electric is one For more information on Schneider Electric’s energy management
of the world’s leaders in energy management and automation, solution, view the video at www.windriver.com/green.
serving customers in the energy, industrial, and government sec-
tors seeking efficient, secure, and sustainable energy solutions. TAXIBOT: THE FIRST ROBOTIC AIRPLANE-TOWING VEHICLE
Sustainability is at the heart of the company’s strategy, guided by Airlines are under tremendous pressure to cut fuel costs, improve
the belief that access to energy is a basic human right and that a operating efficiency, cut carbon emissions, and reduce noise lev-
healthy climate is essential to a healthy economy. els at airports. A major obstacle to achieving their goals stems
from the fact that airplanes usually taxi from the gate to the runway
Schneider Electric has been an innovator in the application of
under their own power, then sit idle before takeoff—burning as
connected technologies, such as IoT, to make production and dis-
much as a ton of fuel for every 17 minutes of idling.
tribution of energy safer, more reliable, efficient, productive, and
6 | White PaperGOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
To safety-certify software to DO-178B/ED-12B Level B, devel-
opment costs are typically 10 times more than those of non-
safety-critical software, due to increased process rigor and test-
ing requirements. Having an operating system that already meets
these requirements greatly reduces the risk involved when starting
a safety-critical project. The knowledge that Wind River products
have been used in over 450 projects by over 300 customers on
over 85 aircraft provided project developers with built-in security.
As a testament to the innovative work behind TaxiBot, the project
won the first-ever Werner von Siemens Award for ingenuity, beat-
ing out 482 applicants. TaxiBot completed full European Aviation
Safety Agency (EASA) and Civil Aviation Authority of Israel (CAAI)
certification for the entire Boeing 737 family with the addition of an
Figure 5. TaxiBot robotic airplane-towing vehicle
EASA Supplement Type Certificate (STC) for the Boeing 737-NG in
Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), the largest government-owned September 2016. To expand operations geographically, additional
aerospace and defense company in Israel, teamed up with aircraft certifications for US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and
builder Airbus and ground support equipment manufacturer TLD the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) are now being
Group to address this important challenge. pursued. Currently, several working groups are actively studying
The result was TaxiBot: an award-winning, innovative, semi-auton- and preparing to introduce TaxiBot in some of the world’s leading
omous vehicle that enables airplanes to taxi onto runways without airport hubs in North America, Europe and Asia. Plans are to also
using their own engines, dramatically reducing fuel consumption include expansion of fleet operations to wide-body airplanes with
and cutting CO2 emissions and noise pollution by 85%. In addi- the introduction of certification of TaxiBot for the Airbus A380 fam-
tion, foreign object damage caused by engines picking up debris ily of aircraft in 2017.
from the taxiway was reduced by 50%. TaxiBot began operations at Frankfurt Airport with Lufthansa on
TaxiBot has the potential to save the world’s airlines hundreds its Boeing 737 fleet in February 2015. Plans are to expand opera-
of millions of dollars in fuel costs and maintenance each year. In tions to wide-body airplanes, including the Boeing 747 and Airbus
fact, IAI stated that British Airways is saving $20 million annually at A380, later in 2016.
Heathrow Airport, while at Frankfurt Airport airlines using TaxiBot For more information on TaxiBot, view their video at www.windriver.
are saving 200 kilograms of fuel with each tow and can save up to com/green.
2,700 tons of fuel on long-haul flights per year. Additionally, since
TaxiBot is used for pushback of the aircraft from the gate, taxiing AGUSTAWESTLAND’S PROJECT ZERO: INNOVATIVE, ALL-
can start almost immediately—saving on gate congestion delays ELECTRIC VERTICAL-LIFT AIRCRAFT
and moving the aircraft to the runway faster. AgustaWestland, a division of Italian defense contractor Leonardo-
VxWorks Cert is the RTOS that powers TaxiBot’s semi-autono- Finmeccanica, set out to build an all-electric vertical-lift aircraft in a
mous electronic driving system. In addition to delivering fast and size and configuration never before attempted. The result was Project
accurate response times, VxWorks Cert also helped speed the Zero: an unmanned, tilt-rotor aircraft capable of taking off, hover-
DO-178B safety certification process, enabling the development ing, and landing like a helicopter while also flying like an airplane.
team to go from prototype to production in just four years—and in
the process beat their competition to market by five years.
7 | White PaperGOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
TRANSFORMING THE LANDSCAPE
These are just some of the companies using smart embedded sys-
tems and connected devices to drive innovation that is good for
the planet. IoT gives businesses the opportunity to capture data
that optimizes operational efficiency, transforms processes, and
reduces environmental impact. This has the potential to have a
transformative effect on many different industry sectors.
Agriculture
There are ample opportunities to implement efficiencies in farm-
ing. Smart farming—also called smart agriculture or precision
farming—involves using IoT to increase the quality and quantity of
Figure 6. AgustaWestland’s Project Zero agricultural production. IoT enables the merging of data from sen-
sors located in farming regions with geospatial and other satellite
Project Zero is primarily a test aircraft. With its distinctive hybrid
sources to provide comprehensive analytics, paving the way for
wing-body design, it is helping to showcase AgustaWestland’s
the implementation of more efficient processes in agriculture. The
technologies across its three product lines: helicopters, tilt-rotors,
CWR report cites IoT-connected tractors and sensors being used
and rotary unmanned systems.
to improve efficiencies, as well as substantial savings on fuel and
Among its many innovations, Project Zero runs on rechargeable fertilizer through the use of these devices.
batteries instead of a combustion engine, demonstrating the
The use of these advanced technologies to monitor, predict, and
potential for sustained flight without burning fossil fuels or gener-
measure soil and weather conditions provides valuable insights for
ating carbon emissions. This capability makes it possible to fly in
farming operations. Operational efficiencies improve while envi-
low-oxygen environments, such as smoking volcanoes. The batter-
ronmental challenges—especially water usage—are addressed. In
ies can even be recharged by pointing the blades of the tilt-rotor
any climate change scenario, water is an imperiled resource, and
in the direction of the wind. As an all-electric vehicle, Project Zero
agriculture is the biggest consumer. If IoT was adopted on every
requires no hydraulics, eliminating the need for problematic fluid-
U.S. farm, water use could be reduced by 20% through soil mois-
operated systems on board. And its electric drive produces very
ture monitoring. That equates to around 6 trillion gallons of water
little noise compared to a conventional aircraft, thereby reducing
(or just over 9 million Olympic-sized swimming pools).
noise pollution as well as air pollution.
The main challenges for AgustaWestland were integrating tech- Automotive
nologies that had never worked together before and going from The more automated and interconnected cars become, the more
concept to completion in just six months. To accomplish this, the fuel efficiency they can achieve. Internal sensors and connected
developers needed an operating system to drive the main flight devices can monitor factors that affect fuel consumption—road
control computer system housed in the aircraft’s fuselage. Project conditions, tire pressure, speed, and acceleration—and either
Zero selected VxWorks 653 for its proven reliability as well as for the alert drivers or automatically make adjustments.
expertise provided by the Wind River Professional Services team. Indeed, reduced fuel consumption is one of the most compel-
Project Zero was awarded the American Helicopter Society ling cases for self-driving cars. Forecasters say they will be more
International’s prestigious 2014 Grover E. Bell Award 15
(named capable than human drivers of holding consistent speeds and
for the brother of Bell Aircraft founder Larry Bell) for excellence in adjusting to changing road and traffic conditions. In an article
helicopter research and development. entitled “Are self-driving vehicles good for the environment?” the
environmental magazine Ensia cited a study identifying 15% in
For more information on AgustaWestland’s Project Zero, view their
fuel savings by maintaining optimal speed and avoiding excessive
video at www.windriver.com/green.
stop-and-go driving.
8 | White PaperGOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
With the convergence of smart technology, hybrid and electric Intelligent devices that collect and analyze massive volumes of
engines, and stricter mandates on emissions, dependence on data will enable operators to plan for contingencies. Smart IoT
carbon-producing fossil fuels is likely to drop significantly in the devices will manage the distribution of energy based on real-time
foreseeable future, dramatically reducing auto carbon emissions. data rather than historical data patterns. And structures that gen-
erate their own power, such as solar panels and wind turbines, will
Commercial Aviation
be able to feed unused energy into the grid, creating bi-direc-
Commercial aviation is a highly regulated segment that involves
tional energy distribution.
governmental control of airspace and airspace operations. But
in spite of the conservative nature of commercial aviation, many Intelligent energy distribution pays huge environmental divi-
of today’s IoT concepts are already in use here. Two operational dends. Connected devices can perform power-management tasks
examples demonstrate key IoT concepts: with greater precision and faster response times than older, man-
ual systems—saving energy, prioritizing usage, and setting better
1. Operation of the airspace as an open architecture IoT system
policies in response to outages.
2. Use of IoT concepts in the management and operation of indi-
vidual devices operating in this airspace Industrial Automation and Manufacturing
Manufacturing in the U.S. has historically played a crucial role in
Commercial airspace operations are driving modernization efforts
spurring innovation, driving 70% of all U.S. research and develop-
through programs such as the Federal Aviation Administration’s
ment, 22% of innovation for manufacturing, and 8% of innovation
Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and the
for all industries, according to the National Science Foundation’s
Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR). These programs aim
2008 Business R&D and Innovation Survey.17 But manufacturing’s
to increase connectivity and information flow through the airspace
share of national income has declined significantly since the 1970s.
to maximize efficiency and provide IoT-like value to operators and
What part will it play in the future of U.S. innovation?
users of the airspace.
In their 2012 research report “Manufacturing the future: The next
The principal benefit of this efficiency is a more environmentally
era of global growth and innovation,” management consulting
friendly commercial aviation segment. Additional benefits include
firm McKinsey & Company reported that innovations in manufac-
more efficient flight paths and reduced wait time on takeoffs and
turing would generate new information technologies and resource
landings, which in turn leads to increased passenger satisfaction,
efficiencies. To create an environment for success, the report
more repeat customers, and increased revenue for airlines and
stated that policy makers need to view manufacturing as a “criti-
airports.
cal driver of innovation, productivity, and competitiveness.”18 The
Find out more about IoT in commercial aviation in our white paper, report also noted that U.S. national security and economic com-
“The Internet of Things for Commercial Aviation.”16 petitiveness was directly tied to the ability to maintain manufactur-
Energy ing technological superiority.
Fossil fuels still account for the majority of global energy pro- Because of the critical importance of the sector, the President’s
duction, but renewable energy sources are gaining ground. The Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) recom-
energy distribution system of the future will need to harness mended a government effort to support an advanced innovation
energy from diverse sources including wind, solar, hydro, wave, ecosystem.19 This recommendation led to the establishment of
and geothermal. IoT-enabled smart grids will make it easier to manufacturing innovation institutes under the National Network
integrate traditional and emerging power sources, making the for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI) initiative. Each institute
delivery of energy cleaner, safer, and more economical. constitutes a public-private partnership that addresses high-risk
manufacturing challenges and assists manufacturers in retaining
The future of energy innovation is promising. Power producers
and expanding industrial production in the U.S. (see Figure 7).
will be able to monitor and analyze energy flow and, via two-way
communication with smart meters, analyze consumption patterns.
9 | White PaperGOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
Advances in manufacturing technology and the increased use of
National
Network for
Manufacturing
automation have already led to a revolution on the factory floor.
Innovation
(NNMI) Combined with business intelligence systems, these innovations
are providing unprecedented efficiencies in the manufacturing
Academia and
National Labs Manufacturing
Industry process. The implementation of IoT systems in factories not only
Innovation Institute
Large improves greenhouse gas emissions, but also yields substantial
Universities Applied research Manufacturing
Technology development
Prototype labs/shops Companies ROI. Advanced smart systems have led to a more efficient work-
Manufacturing software development
Community Education and workforce development Small and
Mid-Sized
ing environment as well as to environmentally cleaner and safer
Colleges Enterprises
Shared Use Facilities
Manufacturing workplaces.
demonstrations
National Labs Technology workshops Start-ups
Manufacturing
technology services
SMART BUILDINGS
Once integrated with a smart energy grid, smart buildings repre-
sent a huge opportunity for businesses to reduce power consump-
Government
Economic
tion. Power providers can take advantage of efficiencies based
Federal State and Local
Development
Government Government Organizations on the schedules and usage patterns of building tenants. Smart
power meters and appliances can communicate with intelligent
Figure 7. NNMI Innovation Institute ecosystem
power sources to help balance supply and demand. Green build-
And on June 20, 2016, President Obama announced that the ings, LEED certifications, and net-zero energy consumption will
Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition would lead the new become increasingly widespread.
Smart Manufacturing Innovation Institute in partnership with the
Building operators will be able to monitor utility consumption and
Department of Energy.20 The coalition brings together over $140
control heating, lighting, and power usage. IoT technology will
million in public-private investments from nearly 200 partners
monitor outside weather and adjust internal air conditioning and
across academia, industry, and nonprofit groups that will spur
heating systems for maximum efficiency. Commercial property
advances in smart sensors and digital process controls to radi-
managers will able to monitor and manage energy consumption
cally improve the efficiency of manufacturing. It represents a focus
in multiple properties from a single, centralized location.
on combining IoT innovation with green efficiencies to showcase
manufacturing progress. IoT principals will play a significant role not just in buildings but
also increasingly in interconnected, interoperable cities. Extending
The institute will focus on innovations such as smart sensors that
today’s building automation through intelligence, security, modu-
can dramatically reduce energy expenses in advanced manu-
larity, and intuitive interfaces—allowing autonomous operations,
facturing. It will partner with groups including the Institute for
smart buildings, and facilities—will transform our work and living
Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation to demonstrate
experiences. The result will be smarter transit systems, less con-
the value of using advanced sensors in the production of carbon
gested streets, and more efficient urban infrastructures, all driving
fiber, and with PowerAmerica to showcase the energy savings of
a dramatic reduction in the carbon footprint of cities as well as
using advanced sensors in the production of new wide bandgap
noise pollution and water consumption around the world.
semiconductor circuit boards.
The presidential focus on advancing manufacturing for national CONCLUSION
security with financial incentives, and congressional backing to Business has a big stake in protecting the environment—not only
create 45 manufacturing innovation institutes over the next 10 because citizens and lawmakers demand it, but also because it’s
years, only emphasizes how the future of innovation will continue good for the economy. While business challenges will continue
to accelerate. to increase and evolve (see Figure 8), technologies are emerging
10 | White PaperGOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
and converging to make it easier for businesses to address these the Internet of Things, www.emc.com/leadership/digital-univer-
challenges and go green. se/2014iview/executive-summary.htm
7
Cook, Gary et al. (May 2015), “Clicking Clean: How Companies
Economic Legislative Social
are Creating the Green Internet,” Greenpeace, http://www.
greenpeace.org/usa/wp-content/uploads/legacy/Global/usa/
• Increased requirement • Increased Mandates • Increased awareness
for green supply chain - Global by society climate planet3/PDFs/2015ClickingClean.pdf
- National situation
• Increased availability of - State
lower cost green op- • Increased lower cost
8
www.apple.com/environment (accessed 2016)
tions • Increased green options
• transparency 9
www.google.com/green/energy (accessed 2016)
Increased knowledge requirements • Increased social
from IoT connected
acceptance and
devices
availability of green
10
https://www.sustainability.fb.com (accessed 2016)
options
11
Chambers, John (January 15, 2014), World Economic Forum, “
Figure 8. Future green business challenges Are You Ready for the Internet of Everything?” Cisco, www.
weforum.org/agenda/2014/01/are-you-ready-for-the-internet-
Companies are already successfully using embedded technology
of-everything
and IoT applications built on VxWorks to develop engineering
innovations that deliver benefits to both the environment and 12
Vodafone and Accenture (July 2009), “Carbon Connections:
the business. They offer a shining example for businesses across Quantifying mobile’s role in tackling climate change,” www.voda-
a wide range of sectors that want to shrink their carbon footprint fone.com/content/dam/vodafone-images/sustainability/down-
and reduce water pollution while boosting their bottom line. loads/carbon_connections.pdf
13
Schneider Electric (2016), “IoT 2020 Business Report,” www2.
REFERENCES
schneider-electric.com/documents/presentation/en/local/2016/
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
04/998-19699217_IoT_Report_2016_v2.pdf
“Climate-Smart Agriculture,” www.fao.org/climate-smart-agri-
culture/en (accessed 2016)
14
Forbes (January 22, 2016), “The World’s Most Sustainable
Companies 2016,” www.forbes.com/sites/kathryndill/2016/01/22/
2
International Energy Agency (2016), “Tracking Clean Energy
the-worlds-most-sustainable-companies-2016/#11182e89965f
Progress 2016,” Energy Technology Perspectives, www.iea.org/
etp/tracking2016
15
Pirrotta, Linda (April 10, 2014), “AgustaWestland Project Zero,
Winner of 2014 Grover Bell Award,” Wind River Blog Network,
3
Energy Information Administration (May 11, 2016), “Chapter 9:
blogs.windriver.com/wind_river_blog/2014/04/agustawestland-
Energy-related CO2 emissions,” International Energy Outlook
project-zero-winner-of-2014-grover-bell-award.html
2016, www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/emissions.cfm
16
Wind River (October 2015), “The Internet of Things for
4
Hsu, A. et al. (2016), 2016 Environmental Performance Index,
Commercial Aviation,” windriver.com/whitepapers/aerospace-
“Global Metrics for the Environment,” Yale University, epi.yale.
defense/internet-of-things-for-commercial-aviation
edu/reports/2016-report
17
Boroush, Mark (October 2010), “NSF Releases New Statistics
5
Cullinen, Matt (February 2013) “M2M Technologies: Unlocking
on Business Innovation,” National Science Foundation, www.nsf.
the Potential of a $1 Trillion Industry,” Carbon War Room and
gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf11300
AT&T, carbonwarroom.com/sites/default/files/reports/M2M%20
Technologies%20(Carbon%20War%20Room).pdf
18
Manyika, James, et al. (November 2012), “Manufacturing the
future: The next era of global growth and innovation,” McKinsey
6
IDC and EMC Digital Universe (April 2014), “The Digital
Global Institute, www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/opera-
Universe of Opportunities: Rich Data and the Increasing Value of
tions/our-insights/the-future-of-manufacturing
11 | White PaperGOING GREEN WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS
19
PCAST (June 2011), “Report to the President on Ensuring
American Leadership in Advanced Manufacturing,” www.white-
house.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-advanced-
manufacturing-june2011.pdf
20
The White House (June 20, 2016), “President Obama
Announces Winner of New Smart Manufacturing Institute and
New Manufacturing Hub Competitions,” www.whitehouse.
gov/the-press-office/2016/06/20/fact-sheet-president-obama-
announces-winner-new-smart-manufacturing
Wind River is a global leader in delivering software for the Internet of Things. The company’s technology is found in more than 2 billion devices, backed by world-class professional services and
customer support. Wind River delivers the software and expertise that enable the innovation and deployment of safe, secure, and reliable intelligent systems.
© 2016 Wind River Systems, Inc. The Wind River logo is a trademark of Wind River Systems, Inc., and Wind River and VxWorks are registered trademarks of Wind River Systems, Inc. Rev. 11/2016You can also read
