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Immunology
News
June 2019 | ISSN 1356-5559 (print)
BSI Congress 2019:
Looking to Liverpool
T cell response BSI Forum: Set your alarm:
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Immunology News | June 2019
A WORD FROM THE EDITOR 3
Welcome to the summer edition of members working in all sectors of
©Shutterstock/Prokopenko Oleg
Immunology News. Activities at the BSI immunology. On pages 22–23, one of
continue to move on apace and we have our Editorial Board members, Mihil
been busy planning new activities to both Patel, discusses his recent move from
support our members and represent academia to industry, examining the
immunology on a wider stage. challenges and benefits of moving between
Preparation for our 2019 Congress is different sectors and giving his top tips
now truly underway and we look forward to to those considering such a move.
welcoming many of you to Liverpool on 2–5 As well as supporting members in different
December. One of the Congress highlights sectors, we aim to work with subject areas
is always our Bright Sparks session which aligned to immunology to drive research
takes place on the first afternoon of the event forward – you can read about our new
and showcases the work of our brilliant early partnership with the National Cancer
career researchers. In this issue, we hear Research Institute to address current
from a past winner of the PhD category, challenges in immunotherapy on page 7.
Tomas Castro, on his work on the role of
IgG-mediated inflammation in patients Best wishes,
with ulcerative colitis on pages 16–17.
The BSI is always keen to support Jennie Evans
The Team Contents
Editorial Advisory Board:
Edd James (Southampton)
Louisa James (London)
14 FEATURES:
An introduction to
Donald Palmer (London) the British Society for
Mihil Patel (Cardiff) Immunology Forum
Managing Editor:
Jennie Evans
Sub Editor:
16 Antibodies pull the
trIgGer in ulcerative
colitis
Rebecca Ramsden
Design:
Qube Design Associates
British Society for Immunology
34 Red Lion Square
London
WC1R 4SG
Tel: +44(0)203 019 5901
Email: bsi@immunology.org
www.immunology.org
Enquiries and correspondence:
18 The value of asking
questions: our
Parliamentary
4 Society news
Jennie Evans: Questions Programme 22 Congratulations
j.evans@immunology.org
23 Future focus
Advertising queries:
Sarah Green: 26 Journal news
s.green@immunology.org
Registered charity 1043255 in England Follow us:
and Wales/SCD047367 in Scotland.
Registered in England and Wales as britsocimm
company 3009533.
© 2019 British Society for Immunology
22 Set your alarm –
adjusting to life in
industry
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The views expressed by contributors britsocimm
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Society, nor can claims of advertisers britsocimm
be guarenteed. The Society, Editorial
Board and authors cannot accept britishsocietyforimm
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Immunology News | June 2019
4 SOCIETY NEWS
VIEW FROM … Forum has achieved in the last few years,
THE CHIEF it really is staggering how far we’ve come.
And it doesn’t stop here; in fact, we’ve
EXECUTIVE been turning up the temperature when
it comes to engagement in Parliament,
Whitehall and the devolved nations. Matthew
What an action-packed few months it has Gibbard, our new Policy & Public Affairs
been – time really has flown! As always, Manager, gives a great overview of some
I’ve tried to get out and about as much as of the new elements of our programme to
possible to meet our members and be at influence the powers that be to ensure the
our events. I never cease to be amazed by best deal for UK immunology on pages 18–
the quality of work that you are all doing and 20. We have lots more to come in this space
your commitment and dedication to ever with plenty of opportunities for you all to get
push the boundaries of knowledge through involved so do keep an eye out for more.
the work that you do. And I for one am Thank you again for all of your ongoing
thoroughly looking forward to BSI Congress support, I hope you enjoy reading another
this year in Liverpool, our flagship event. You excellent issue of Immunology News
can read more about Congress on pages and please keep up the great work!
7–8. It is guaranteed to be our best yet with
the programme and speakers we have on With best wishes,
offer! Plus 2018 was a non-Congress year elections (see page 5). A huge thank you
so I’m sure that you’re all chomping at to them for joining the committees and to Doug Brown
the bit to come together as the BSI family you all too for your nominations and votes Chief Executive,
again (and I’m told the social elements are – this year we had the highest ever number British Society for Immunology
just as good as the science…)! Please do of both of these which is fantastic – it’s Email: d.brown@immunology.org
sign up to attend and remember to submit so great to see such engagement from
your abstract by 9 September 2019. you all. Your support for the committees
Congress will also be a chance to meet enables them to continue to ensure the
your BSI committee members, of which BSI remains relevant and impactful; do
we have some new faces after this year’s read pages 14–15 to find out what the BSI
Your favourite research tools, improved
BSI London Immunology Group with recombinant antibody technology.
Barrier immunology
18 September 2019
Holiday Inn Bloomsbury, London, UK
Abstract deadline: 19 July A B S E Q U E N C I N G | A B E N G I N E E R I N G | A B E X P R E S S I O N | R E A G E N T S C ATA L O G U E
Find out more:
www.immunology.org/events Jo Revill
absoluteantibody.com
Immunology News | June 2019
SOCIETY NEWS 5
SOCIETY NEWS
New BSI committee members
Following our recent nominations call for positions on the BSI Board of Trustees and Forum, we are pleased to announce
the following appointments. The turnout for this election was almost 20%. Congratulations to all the successful
candidates and thank you to everyone who stood for election.
Board of Trustees
ALLAN MOWAT DEBORAH DUNN-WALTERS COLIN DAYAN
BSI Trustee BSI Trustee BSI Clinical Secretary and Trustee
Professor of Mucosal Immunology, Professor of Immunology, Clinical Professor, Cardiff University
University of Glasgow University of Surrey
Colin will join the Board of Trustees
Allan is re-elected onto the Board and Deborah will join the Board of Trustees from January 2020.
will commence his second term of from July 2019.
office in July 2019.
Forum
Find out more
You can read the full candidate
statement from each person in the
members’ section of our website at
www.immunology.org/new-committee-
members. We welcome them all to
the BSI and look forward to working
with them to provide a strong voice for
immunology.
FAITH UWADIAE FEDERICA VILLANOVA
BSI Forum Early Career Representative BSI Forum Industry Representative
Postdoctoral Training Fellow, Francis Flow Cytometry Application Specialist,
Crick Institute Miltenyi Biotec Limited
Faith will join our Forum in June 2019. Federica will join our Forum in
June 2019.
Immunology News | June 2019
6 SOCIETY NEWS
SOCIETY NEWS
Changes at Immunology
After 13 years at the helm, Danny Altmann is stepping down from his role as Editor in Chief of Immunology at the end of
May. He has brought great vision and expertise to the journal, and has really made Immunology his own. It is with great
sadness that we see him go. However, we’re pleased to announce that Simon Milling will be taking up the reins as our
new Editor in Chief. Having served as a BSI Trustee since 2017, Simon has stepped down from the BSI Board to enable him
to take up this new role with the Society. Simon’s first edition of the journal will be June 2019.
Danny Altmann's Arne Akbar, President
farewell message: of the British Society
for Immunology, said:
“Having served
from 2000 to “On behalf of
2005 as an editor the BSI, I would
at Clinical & like to offer our
Experimental gratitude to
Immunology Danny Altmann
and then from for successfully
2006 to 2019 as leading our
Editor in Chief official journal,
at Immunology Immunology,
– a mind-boggling 19-year sentence on for 13 years.
the night-shift for the BSI journals – the The journal has been in very capable
time has come to stand down and focus hands. All his hard work and dedication
on other challenges for the research has driven the journal forward and
community. This has spanned a period of contributed to its 60-year legacy,
immense change in immunology research, establishing it as a highly respected
funding, publishing-business models and journal within the field. We wish him all
competitor journals. It’s terrific to have the very best and every success for the ‘It’s terrific to have
been around for such a strong period at future.
the journals, to have helped publish some “Both of our official journals, been around for such
really quite important immunology and to Immunology and Clinical &
have had the privilege to get to know some Experimental Immunology, are crucial
a strong period at the
amazing, stellar, colleagues around the to the Society. The financial support journals, and to have
world as editors.” they provide to us is used to benefit our
members in the form of grants, travel helped publish some
awards, Regional and Affinity group
Simon Milling's introduction: meetings, our popular annual Congress really quite important
“I am excited to
and other key initiatives. I would like to
encourage BSI members to continue
immunology.’
join Immunology their support of our Society and join
as Editor in Chief the many scientists contributing to the
and to work with BSI’s journals with their research. Our official journals, Immunology
the Editorial “I would like to give a warm welcome and Clinical & Experimental
Team to help the to Simon Milling. Simon’s previous Immunology, are at the heart of our
journal through involvement with the Society as a Society, with the aim of promoting
the next stage of Trustee provides him with a unique and advancing immunology to foster
its evolution. As perspective of BSI activities and I future innovation. Income from the
some of you know, look forward to the next chapter of journals supports a significant part
I am a mucosal immunologist and have Immunology with him as the new of the Society’s charitable activities,
been working at the University of Glasgow Editor in Chief. As the income from our including our grant schemes and
for the last 11 years. I have been actively two journals underpins the financial education and careers initiatives.
involved with the BSI for the last few wellbeing of the BSI, he has an Society members receive free access
years and was delighted both to stand for important role in the future success of to both journals via the BSI website.
this position, and to receive enthusiastic the Society.” We encourage all BSI members to
support in this from the journal’s Associate support our journals and consider
Editor, Awen Gallimore. I have already submitting their work to our journals.
received excellent support from Danny and
the BSI’s publishing team to manage a
smooth transition.”
Immunology News | June 2019
SOCIETY NEWS 7
SOCIETY NEWS
BSI & NCRI announce new partnership
The British Society for Immunology is delighted to announce a new partnership
with the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) to bring our two
communities together to drive collaborations to address current challenges
in immunotherapy through a series of joint initiatives. The NCRI and BSI plan
to work together to establish a series of joint initiatives that aim to accelerate
the progress of immunotherapy in cancer. This will include enhancing the
training for researchers and promoting knowledge sharing, identifying the
challenges currently hindering progress in cancer immunotherapy and the
formation of strategic research groups to address key research questions. To
launch this exciting new initiative, our President, Arne Akbar, reflects on the environment to promote the interaction
history of research in the cancer immunology sphere and how we hope our new between researchers and clinicians in this
collaboration will fuel innovative approaches to treating these diseases field to facilitate translational research
activity. With this in mind, another strategic
Immunology has flourished in recent results. By blocking the action of PD-1, goal is to interface our activities with
years, with new discoveries of its intricate the immune system can be unleashed the pharma and biotech sector. This
and elegant workings that allow us to to attack tumours. Allison and Honjo will ensure that the UK has the right
understand its extensive reach into many won international recognition for this environment in terms of infrastructure,
areas of health and disease. This new seminal work last year, sharing the investment and skills to allow research
appreciation of how our immune systems Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2018. into cancer immunology to thrive.
work to promote health and the varied Other areas of cancer immunotherapy We are therefore delighted to announce
consequences when this process goes have hailed significant successes including our new partnership with the NCRI to bring
awry places immunology at the centre the use of Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) the immunology research community and
of research into many disease areas. in conjunction with Pembrolizumab cancer scientists and clinicians closer
One of the most prominent of these (anti-PD-1) to treat melanoma and the together. Working together, we aim to
is cancer. The first suggestion that the application of chimeric antigen receptor facilitate dialogue between the two groups
immune system might play a role in (CAR) T-cell therapy to treat certain types to drive new collaborations that address
treating cancer came as early as 1891 of leukaemia and lymphoma. However, challenges in immune-oncology and
when the surgeon, William Coley, treated many trials that initially carried great advance understanding of the complex
a patient who had a tumour on his tonsil hopes have identified unforeseen side- interactions between cancer and the
by injecting it with bacteria and eliciting effects and some – such as sarcoma, immune system. Establishing these links to
an immune response. The tumour began prostate or pancreatic cancer – appear speed up discovery in the clinical research
to break down and the patient lived for resistant to immunotherapy approaches. space will enable fresh thinking to refine
another eight years. More recently work There is therefore a lot of work still to be approaches to how the immune system
led by Jim Allison and Tasuku Honjo on done to optimise cancer immunotherapy. can be harnessed to target individual
the PD-1 protein that acts as a ‘brake’ A central ambition of the British Society cancers. Knowledge sharing will be a key
on immune cells has yielded exciting for Immunology is to create the appropriate part of the initiative, allowing researchers
and clinicians from both communities
©Shutterstock/royaltystockphotos.com
to keep up to date with the latest data.
With over 350,000 new cases of cancer
diagnosed in the UK each year, it is
imperative to move quickly to translate
our endeavours into life-saving outcomes.
Both we and our colleagues at the NCRI
are committed to working together to
achieve these aims through this initiative.
Arne Akbar
President, British Society for Immunology
Find out more
Keep an eye on our website for further
updates on this initiative. If you have
any queries, please email our Head of
External Affairs, Jennie Evans at j.evans@
immunology.org.
Immunology News | June 2019
8 SOCIETY NEWS
SOCIETY NEWS
BSI Congress 2019
2 – 5 December, Liverpool, UK Key dates
The UK’s top immunology conference is back – bigger and better than before. Abstract submission:
9 September 2019
BSI Congress bursary applications:
11 October 2019
Early bird registration:
25 October 2019
Congress dates:
2 – 5 December 2019
Why you should
attend?
- Cutting-edge science
Keynote lecture
- Build your network
Doreen Cantrell
- Present your work Professor of Cell Biology and
Immunology and Wellcome
- Broaden your horizons
Trust Principal Research Fellow,
University of Dundee
17:30, Monday 2 December
Immunology News | June 2019
SOCIETY NEWS 9
©Shutterstock/Ant Clausen
Plenary sessions
announced
Immunological challenges
of controlling influenza
Katherine Kedzierska
(Melbourne, Australia)
Peter Openshaw (London)
Alain Townsend (Oxford)
Tissue resident memory T cells
Donna Farber (New York, NY, USA)
David Masopust (Minneapolis, MN, USA)
Joint session
Cancer immunotherapy with UK PIN
Ana Anderson (Cambridge, MA, USA) 24 themed sessions The last day of the conference (Thursday
Carl June (Philadelphia, PA, USA) 5 December) will be held jointly with
Cornelius Melief (Leiden, Netherlands) including: the UK Primary Immunodeficiency
Immune recognition of Network (UK PIN). We’re delighted to
The recognition and clearance of be running several joint sessions with
microbiota species them, including two plenaries and
senescent cells by leukocytes
parallel sessions on autoimmunity and
Arne Akbar (London) B cell activation and pattern recognition in inflammation.
Valeria Krizhanovsky (Rehovot, Israel) differentiation
Learning from cell signalling Inhibitory immune receptors
in immunodeficiency and new immunotherapies
Ulf Klein (Leeds)
Klaus Okkenhaug (Cambridge)
Sonal Srikanth (Los Angeles, CA, USA)
Mechanism of inflammation Find out more
in immunodeficiency
www.bsicongress.com
Sophie Hambleton (Newcastle)
@bsicongress
Andrew Snow (Bethesda, MD, USA)
©Shutterstock/Shahid Khan
Immunology News | June 2019
10 SOCIETY NEWS
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5_UK Immunology_New_Half_page_advert_for_UltraMicroscope_II_02_DRAFT.indd 1 30.04.19 08:44SOCIETY NEWS 11
SOCIETY NEWS
Immunology Teaching Award
IUIS2019 registration
still open
Registration is still open for the 17th
International Congress of Immunology
taking place in Beijing, China on 19–23
October 2019. This is the largest global event
in immunology and a great opportunity to
hear from some of the leading international
experts in the field. For more information
and to register, visit https://iuis2019.org.
Congress
committee update
We are delighted to welcome two new
members, Alex Spencer (Oxford) and
John Tregoning (London) to our Congress
Committee. This committee is responsible
We’ll soon be launching the call for education, along with the communication for the planning and delivery of the BSI’s
nominations for our 2019 Immunology skills to make these complex subjects flagship event, BSI Congress, which takes
Teaching Excellence Award to highlight accessible to their students. We’re looking place two out of every three years. Our
some of the outstanding immunology for exceptional communicators who are grateful thanks go to our two outgoing
teachers based in UK higher educational able to inspire the next generation of committee members, Andrew Godkin
institutes. The award rewards those who immunologists. Check out our website for (Cardiff) and Luke Foster (Birmingham) for
show a passion for immunology and further details. all their hard work while on the committee.
UPCOMING BSI Regional and BSI West Midlands Group &
BSI MEETINGS Affinity Groups University of Birmingham
DISCOVERY TO CLINICAL
We have lots of upcoming meetings BSI Ulster Immunology Group APPLICATIONS OF REGULATORY
covering a vast array of immunological IMMUNOLOGY WITHOUT BORDERS T CELLS IN AUTOIMMUNITY
13–14 June 2019 AND TRANSPLANTATIONS
topics. Find out more at
Belfast, UK 11 July 2019
www.immunology.org/events. Birmingham, UK
BSI Greater Manchester &
BSI meetings Wessex Immunology Groups BSI London Immunology Group
BRITISH SOCIETY FOR TYPE 2 IMMUNOLOGY BARRIER IMMUNOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY CONGRESS 2019 24 June 2019 18 September 2019
2–5 December 2019 Manchester, UK London, UK
Liverpool, UK
BSI Histocompatibility &
Immunogenetics Group
BSI supported meeting
©Shutterstock/Shaun Jeffers
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HISTOCOMPATIBILITY Co-hosted with British Society for
& IMMUNOGENETICS Immunology
ANNUAL CONFERENCE VALIDATE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE
26–27 June 2019 2–3 October 2019
Leicester, UK London, UK
Immunology News | June 201912 SOCIETY NEWS
SOCIETY NEWS
New review series: Vaccines for emerging pathogens
Clinical & Experimental Immunology is pleased to present part 1 of our new two-
©NIAID/Flickr CC- BY 2.0
part Review Series ‘Vaccines for emerging pathogens: from research to the clinic’
(guest editor: Diane Williamson, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory,
Porton Down, UK). The Review Series is freely available to read and download.
This topic has been brought into sharp vaccine development. Morici et al.
focus in recent years following significant address progress in the development
outbreaks of viral diseases such as those of vaccines for melioidosis, a bacterial
causing severe acute respiratory syndrome disease which causes an estimated
and Middle East respiratory syndrome, 165,000 human cases per year.
as well as devastating outbreaks of New technologies for vaccine formulation
diseases caused by the Ebola, Marburg, and administration are necessary in the
Zika and Lassa fever viruses, to name context of rapid vaccination on a large
only a few examples. Additionally, scale. Wallis et al. review novel approaches
bacterial infections leading to bubonic for the design, delivery and administration
and pneumonic plague, most notably in of vaccines, discussing a range of vaccine
Madagascar in 2018, as well as malaria formulations, presentations and parenteral
in many tropical countries, melioidosis in administration routes. Miquel-Clopes et
south east Asia and tularaemia in northern al. focus on vaccines that are designed
Europe and North America, have incurred to induce mucosal immunity to protect
significant morbidity and mortality. mucosal surfaces from pathogen invasion. Review Series: https://bit.ly/2vTxYwu
In our Review Series, the life cycle of Where new vaccines are required under Afrough et al.
these pathogens and the epidemiology emergency conditions, it is essential for https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13295
of disease have been reviewed in the developers and manufacturers to work Sharpe et al.
context of potential points of intervention closely with the regulatory authorities https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13292
for the prevention of human infection. and with the WHO to understand the Morici et al.
Afrough et al. review a range of emerging requirements to bring a candidate vaccine https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13286
viruses and make the case for applying as quickly as possible through development Wallis et al.
molecular techniques to understand and into the clinic. This Review Series https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13287
viral pathogenesis. Sharpe et al. tackle evidences the progress being made in Miquel-Clopes et al.
how we understand the interaction of the vaccines for emerging pathogens. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13285
host with a viral pathogen to expedite
BSI at the
Big Bang Fair
On Saturday 16 March, the BSI took part
in the Big Bang Fair at Birmingham's
National Exhibition Centre – a day of science
exploration aimed at families. Throughout
the day, BSI staff and volunteers delivered
a range of activities focussed on vaccines
and herd immunity. These included making
plasticine antibodies and microbes,
explaining antibody specificity using a
magnet game and a herd immunity tombola!
Overall, more than 2,000 people visited the
BSI’s stand and we were delighted to able to
spread knowledge of how vaccines work and
why they are important.
You can read more about the event on
our blog where one of our volunteers, Ilaria
Chicca, has written about the experience:
http://bit.ly/2JKIHT1.
Immunology News | June 2019SOCIETY NEWS 13
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Immunology News | June 201914 FEATURE ARTICLE
An introduction to the
British Society for
Immunology Forum
The BSI Forum is our 'think tank' and the place where issues and ideas are raised, What does being a member
discussed and developed for the consideration and approval of the Board of of Forum involve?
Trustees. These relate to education and careers, public engagement, policy and As well as attending the quarterly meetings,
public affairs, as well as communications. The role of Forum is to help the Society Forum members also undertake an array of
tasks for the Society, including representing
in implementing its current strategic plan by providing a mechanism by which the
us at various events. Examples of these
voice of the membership can be fed into new activities. include:
How does Forum operate? Parliamentary engagement
Forum members are elected to represent a Recent achievements Rebecca Newman (Early Career
section of the BSI membership. Their role Professor Anne Cooke recently finished Representative) attended the Royal Society
is to put forward the views of the sector her term of office as Chair of Forum, of Biology ‘Voice of the Future’ event at
they have been elected to represent, as a position she held from 2014 to 2018. the Houses of Parliament for early career
well as their own thoughts. Currently there During this time and under Anne’s researchers to ask questions of senior
are 18 elected members covering early dynamic and enthusiastic leadership, members of Parliament in a committee
career researchers, clinical and veterinary Forum developed and inputted to several setting. Becky agreed that is was important
immunologists as well as national BSI strategies – in particular to increase for the BSI to engage with parliamentarians
representatives from England, Northern support and representation for early through schemes such as this to ensure
Ireland, Scotland and Wales. My role as career researchers within the Society – that the BSI keeps raising important issues
Chair of Forum is to lead discussions which have been approved by the Board through multiple channels.
and also to feed back the thoughts of and put into practice. These include: Anne Cooke (past-Chair), Helen McGettrick
Forum to the Board of Trustees. (England Representative) and Fane Mensah
Forum meets four times a year in 1. Creating two new positions on the Board (PhD Representative) attended the ‘Future
London when elected members work with of Trustees for early career researchers of Immunology’ event at the Houses of
BSI staff on all aspects of the Society’s – Calum Bain and Emma Chambers were Parliament last year. This was a joint venture
work and current strategy. Items on elected to these positions last year delivered in partnership by the BSI, AbbVie,
the agenda are varied and range from Bioindustry Association and National
how to increase diversity and inclusion 2. All parallel sessions at BSI Congress Rheumatoid Arthritis Society and hosted by
at BSI meetings, to developing ideas to be co-chaired by an early career Grimsby Labour MP, Melanie Onn, who has
for communicating with the public, and researcher onwards an interest in inflammatory diseases.
responding to questions from expert
panels in science, health and Government. 3. Advising on the BSI Careers Review ‘You need to be
Forum members are also invited to conducted in 2017, both in terms of
represent the BSI at external events. identifying what areas it should cover passionate about
You don’t need to be an expert in and evaluating the final report to develop
all branches of immunology to be a proposals for future careers support by supporting the
member of Forum. However, you do
need to be passionate about supporting
the BSI immunology sector
and investing in the immunology sector 4. Providing feedback and advice on setting so that it can continue
so that it can continue to advance up the BSI mentoring scheme, which
excellence in immunological research, commenced in 2017 (initial training provided to advance excellence
scholarship and clinical practice in order and mentoring available for one year)
to improve human and animal health.
in immunological
5. Developing ideas and content for research, scholarship
the Early Career Training Day aimed
at postdocs, which was launched in and clinical practice to
December 2018
improve human and
6. Advising on establishing an Industry
Representative position on Forum
animal health.’
Immunology News | June 2019FEATURE ARTICLE 15
Alice Burton Ann Ager Chair Anne Cooke Arne Akbar Ceri Fielding Donald Davidson
‘I have joined an energetic group of
people keen to share and discuss
ideas and views on the future of
immunology.’
Elma Tchilian Fane Mensah Helen Collins
Helen McGettrick Laura Pallett Matthew Buckland Megan Macleod Sofia Grigoriadou Federica Villanova
Find out more
If you would like to find out more about
the work of the BSI Forum, please
email members@immunology.org.
Faith Uwadiae Antony Psarras Louise Cosby Rebecca Newman
Policy and public affairs Education and careers led by welcome to our newly elected members
All members have the opportunity of the Education Secretary of Forum who are: Faith Uwadiae (Early
inputting to BSI responses to policy Our Education Secretary, Helen Collins, Career Representative) and Federica
consultations from Parliament. These along with three of our Early Career Villanova (Industry Representative).
include select committee consultations and Representatives, Fane Mensah, Rebecca I have only been in post as Chair of
All Party Parliamentary Group enquiries, Newman and Laura Pallett, ran a well- Forum since January this year but it did
which request evidence and expert views attended session at BSI Congress not take me long to realise that I have
on topics ranging from the Life Sciences 2017 to discuss the findings of the BSI joined an energetic group of people
Industrial Strategy to Brexit (of course!). Careers Report with the membership keen to share and discuss ideas and
and gain their feedback to help us in the views on the future of immunology. The
Equality, diversity and inclusion development of future careers activities. fact that Forum makes a difference is
We are developing proposals for how the evidenced by its recent achievements.
BSI can support equality, diversity and Exploring international links with I hope after reading this that you will
inclusion throughout its activities and in the other immunology societies be encouraged to stand for Forum in
wider immunology sector. The Forum was Laura Pallet, (Early Career Representative) the future. Spot a Forum member you
consulted during BSI policy development on attended the Chinese Society for already know from the photo gallery
ways to support members throughout their Immunology’s Annual Congress in to find out more about Forum. It is a
career. Shanghai and visited the Key National great opportunity to gain experience in
Laboratory of Medical Immunology. those all-important life skills such as
Public engagement led by the Laura was able to contrast and committee work, networking and public
Public Engagement Secretary compare life as an ECR with her outreach. Besides, it gets you away
During her time on Forum, Early Career peers and gain insight into academic from your day job for a few hours and
Representative Emma Chambers trained and clinical immunology in China. you can leave your mark on the BSI!
to be a BSI Vaccine Ambassador in our pilot
scheme and went into parent and baby
Election to Forum Ann Ager
groups to discuss how vaccines work and On behalf of Forum I would like to say Chair of Forum and Trustee,
answer parents’ questions on immunisations. congratulations and give a very warm British Society for Immunology
Immunology News | June 201916 FEATURE ARTICLE
Antibodies pull the
trIgGer in ulcerative
colitis
The winner of our Bright Sparks PhD
session at the BSI Congress in 2017 was
Tomas Castro from the University of
Cambridge with his talk entitled ‘Anti-
commensal IgG augments intestinal
inflammation in ulcerative colitis via IL-
1beta-dependent Th17 immunity’. Here,
Tomas tells us more about his research
on unravelling the role of IgG-mediated
inflammation in patients with
ulcerative colitis. Tomas Castro receiving his 'Bright Sparks in Immunology' award from BSI Education Secretary, Helen Collins
A healthy lifestyle is all about balance; components of the microbiome lead to a exclusion’). This function is essential
be it professional, emotional, nutritional spectrum of disorders collectively known in preventing intestinal invasion by
or immunological. A vigorous as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). opportunistic microorganisms. However,
immune response is required to fight Incidence of the two major subtypes of IBD the assumption that intestinal humoral
malignancies and the multitude of – Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis immunity is all about IgA has been called
microbes that seek to invade us, but (UC) – is increasing globally alongside into question by genetic studies implicating
these responses are tightly regulated Western lifestyles and causes significant a variant of FcγRIIA, an activating receptor
to suppress overt immunity and return morbidity and cancer-associated mortality. for IgG, with susceptibility to UC.
us to homeostasis. This immunological A dysregulated immune response is at
Goldilocks zone is exemplified in the dual the heart of IBD. Intense research has
Potency of IgG antibodies
nature of many (if not most) immune focused on pathogenic T cells, informed Unlike IgA, IgG antibodies are potently
cell subsets, from effector versus by seminal animal and genetic studies inflammatory – they exhibit complement-
regulatory T cells to ‘M1’ versus ‘M2’ that implicate the IL-23–Th17 axis as fixing activity and can engage cell
macrophages, all acting in concert to a common contributor to both CD and surface Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), leading
mount appropriate immune responses. UC susceptibility. In this setting, innate to immune cell activation. This leads
In the gastrointestinal tract, maintaining immune cells, such as macrophages and us to two unsurprising observations: 1)
immunological balance is particularly dendritic cells, integrate poorly defined IgG-FcγR signalling is associated with
key. The gut is colonised by trillions triggers that drive IFNγ- and IL-17- numerous inflammatory and autoimmune
of commensal microorganisms (our producing T cells through the production disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis
microbiome), with essential roles in of key cytokines, including IL-23 and and systemic lupus erythematosus, and
nutrient salvage, pathogen exclusion IL-1β. These discoveries have driven 2) IgG is almost entirely excluded from
and immune education. However, a clinical revolution, with monoclonal the healthy adult gut. How could this
the gut represents a major mucosal antibodies targeting these cytokines receptor influence disease susceptibility
entry point for pathogens, requiring showing therapeutic promise in IBD. in an IgA-dominated organ?
the immune system to be primed to In contrast to T cells, whether and how This was the question I began trying
respond to invasive microorganisms B cells and the humoral immune response to answer in 2014 when I joined Dr
that breach the intestinal epithelium. are altered in IBD is poorly understood. Menna Clatworthy’s lab (University of
Immunoglobulin (Ig)A is a well-known Cambridge) as a PhD student, the result
IBD – dysregulation of the immunological cornerstone of intestinal of which I was fortunate to present at
immune response health. IgA, produced by intestinal plasma the 2017 BSI Congress in Brighton.
In certain individuals, a complex cells, is a predominantly non-inflammatory We had a simple hypothesis – that
interaction of environmental and genetic class of antibody secreted into the gut immune dysregulation in IBD leads to the
factors results in the breakdown of lumen where it binds to commensal emergence of pathogenic IgG that can
the rules governing intestinal health. microbes and keeps them away from the drive disease. We began by profiling IgA
Exacerbated immune responses towards epithelium (a process known as ‘immune and IgG binding to commensal microbes
Immunology News | June 2019FEATURE ARTICLE 17
in stool samples, and made the rather In vivo studies in DSS mouse model response was pathogenic, as treatment
remarkable observation that up to 80% As interventionist human studies are with a blocking IL-1 receptor monoclonal
of intestinal microbes from UC patients very difficult to perform, we turned to antibody effectively suppressed intestinal
were coated in IgG. This was most evident an in vivo mouse model of IBD, dextran inflammation. In contrast, macrophage-
in individuals with severe disease, where sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, specific overexpression of FcγRIIB was
the levels of IgG and IgA binding were to investigate the contribution of our in disease-protective relative to control mice,
equivalent, whereas IgG was almost vitro-defined mechanism to intestinal directly implicating the FcγR-macrophage-
entirely absent in healthy controls. inflammation. Similar to IBD patients, IL-1β axis as a major disease mediator.
DSS-exposed mice exhibited a local IgG
Utilising transcriptomics response towards commensal microbes,
Last piece of the puzzle
Having identified macrophages as and elevated IL-1β production by colonic Given this strong IL-1β effect, the last
the major source of intestinal FcγRIIA macrophages. Importantly, passive piece of the puzzle was to define how
expression, we set out to define how transfer of anti-commensal IgG to naïve this FcγR network influenced local T cell
IgG-mediated activation of these cells animals was enough to enhance disease activity, a cell type heavily implicated in IBD
may contribute to IBD. For this, we are activity and increase colonic macrophage susceptibility. We demonstrated an IL-1β-
thankful that IBD research is greatly IL-1β production, demonstrating a direct dependent increase in IL-17A production
facilitated by the wealth of transcriptomic pathogenic role of IgG in the gut in vivo. by colonic CD4+ T cells and γδ T cells in
datasets deposited in free-to-access public The FcγRIIA variant implicated in FcγRIIB-deficient mice, while macrophage-
repositories, aided by the relative ease protection from UC encodes a receptor specific FcγRIIB overexpression was
with which clinicians can directly sample with reduced IgG affinity. To mimic the enough to suppress this response. All
diseased tissue by endoscopic biopsy. Using effect of this variant in vivo, we made use together, our work delineated a mechanism
this data as a starting point, we identified of transgenic mouse strains with graded whereby FcγR signalling in colonic
IL-1β as the dominant inflammatory activating FcγR signalling due to absent or macrophages induced a pathogenic IL-1β
cytokine elevated in inflamed UC mucosal elevated expression of the sole inhibitory response, which in turn mediates activation
biopsies, and found it to associate very FcγR, FcγRIIB, the latter specifically of an IBD-associated T cell response,
closely to FcγRIIA, ultimately attributable in macrophages. This was necessary causing inflammation and disease.
to their co-expression within intestinal as mice lack FcγRIIA itself but express We were pleased to have our study
macrophages. Importantly, we were able other functionally homologous FcγRs. published recently1 but many unanswered
to show that FcγRIIA signalling could drive Exacerbated FcγR signalling in questions remain. The most pertinent
NLRP3-dependent IL-1β production, an FcγRIIB-deficient mice resulted in being whether we can target FcγR
effect modulated by FcγRIIA genotype, augmented intestinal disease activity and signalling therapeutically in IBD. Time
potentially linking IgG and FcγRIIA to elevated macrophage IL-1β expression. and clinical trials will be required to
mucosal inflammation in IBD via IL-1β. Importantly, this augmented IL-1β test the potential of this pathway as
a therapeutic target, but one thing is
clear – IgG can pull the trIgGer in IBD.
©Shutterstock/Kateryna Kon
Tomas Castro-Dopico
Postdoctoral Researcher, Molecular
Immunity Unit, Department of
Medicine, University of Cambridge
REFERENCES
1. Castro-Dopico et al. 2019 Immunity 50 1099–1114
https://bit.ly/2IMk8nm
Could you be the
next Bright Spark
in Immunology?
Bright Sparks in Immunology is our
event to showcase the work of PhD
students and early career postdocs
who are submitting an abstract for
Congress. To enter your abstract, just
tick the relevant box on the abstract
submission form for BSI Congress. If
your abstract is chosen, you will be
invited to present your work at this
year’s Bright Sparks session, which will
take place on the afternoon of Monday
2 December at the BSI Congress in
Liverpool. For more information,
please visit www.bsicongress.com.18 REPRESENTING IMMUNOLOGY
The value of asking
questions:
the BSI Parliamentary Questions Programme
©UK Parliament/WikiMedia CC BY-3.0
As part of our Policy and Public Affairs
Plan, we have launched an ambitious
Parliamentary Questions Programme
designed to raise the profile of both
the issues we campaign on and the BSI
itself within Parliament, Government
and the wider policymaking sphere. In
keeping with the interrogative theme,
here’s a Q&A guide to what this means
and how it will benefit immunology
and the BSI.
What are Parliamentary questions?
Parliamentary questions are asked by
backbench Members of Parliament
to Government Ministers about
their ministerial responsibilities and around 20 names that are placed on the these are published three sitting days
departmental business. They are used agenda (called the order paper). In order ahead of when they will be asked in the
to elicit information from and scrutinise to ensure party political balance, the Commons chamber, so the Minister will
policymaking of the Government. There Speaker will choose some MPs on the know these in advance and will have had
are two types of parliamentary question: day to ask questions in between those the opportunity to prepare a response and
oral questions and written questions. listed on the order paper, so it alternates seek any research or guidance needed from
Oral questions: every five weeks that between Members on the Government the appropriate civil servants. Each MP who
the House of Commons meets, each benches and the opposition benches. asks a substantive question will, after the
ministerial team running each Government Minister’s answer, be offered the opportunity
department must appear in the Commons
Do Government Ministers know to ask a supplementary question on the
chamber to answer questions that are the questions in advance? same topic. The Minister will have had no
asked in person. The most well-known The questions submitted to the shuffle advance warning of this supplementary
oral question session is Prime Minister’s are known as substantive questions and question and so must be well briefed
Questions, which are an exception to the
five-week rule and have been held weekly
on a Wednesday at 12:00 since 2003. Example question to the Home Office:
Written questions: backbench MPs may
submit them at any time either via an online
Question from Ben Lake MP to the Home Office:
form on the parliamentary intranet or via To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what assessment he has
hard copy at the House of Commons Table made of the potential merits of extending international students’ post study leave
Office, and the Minister responsible will period to find permanent skilled work.
respond usually within a week or two. They
can be more specific than oral questions
Response from Rt Hon Caroline Nokes MP, Minister of State for Immigration:
and can receive more detailed answers. In 2017, the Home Office commissioned the independent Migration Advisory
Both oral questions and written questions Committee (MAC) to provide an objective assessment of the impact of international
and their answers are published in students in the UK for the first time.
Hansard, the Official Report of the House. In line with the MAC recommendations, we announced in the Immigration White
Paper published in December 2018 that we will increase the post-study leave period
Who chooses who asks for postgraduate students to six months, and doctorate students to a year. We will also
the oral questions? go further, by increasing the post-study leave period for all undergraduates studying
MPs are allowed to submit one oral at institutions with degree awarding powers to six months.
question written in advance for which These changes will benefit tens of thousands of students and will help ensure that our
they are entered into a ballot called world-leading education sector remains competitive globally.
‘the shuffle’, which will randomly draw
Immunology News | June 2019REPRESENTING IMMUNOLOGY 19
‘We identify MPs who are interested in a topic in our agenda
and email them all with suggested questions ahead of a
particular department’s questions and explain why what we
are suggesting is so pressing.’
enough on the topic to be able to think
on their feet and provide a response. (In Example question to BEIS:
practice however, MPs in the Government Question from Jim Shannon MP to Department for
party will often let the Minister know the Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy:
supplementary question in advance too as
they are normally trying to get the most To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, whether
helpful and fullest response possible, unlike the £7 billion of additional spending for research and development will be in addition
an opposition MP who is more likely to be to replacing EU funding lost after the UK leaves the EU.
trying to catch the Minister off guard).
Response from Chris Skidmore MP, Minister of State for Universities,
What is the BSI Parliamentary Science, Research & Innovation:
Questions Programme? At Spending Review 2015, the Government protected science funding, committing to
We identify MPs who are interested in a invest £26.3 billion between 2016-21, and has since committed to an additional £7
topic in our agenda and email them all with billion by 2021-22 – the largest increase ever. The terms of the Withdrawal Agreement,
suggested questions ahead of a particular if ratified, would provide for continued UK participation in EU Programmes,
department’s questions and explain why including Horizon 2020, to December 2020 and for the lifetime of projects under the
what we are suggesting is so pressing. programme. If an agreement is reached, projects approved during this period will be
able to continue with an uninterrupted flow of EU funding. If we leave the EU without a
deal in place, the underwrite guarantee and extension are Government commitments
©Shutterstock/Dafinka
to provide funding required for the UK to participate in Horizon 2020 until the end
of 2020 and for the lifetime of projects. In this scenario, HM Treasury will provide
additional funding on top of existing departmental budgets – further demonstrating
the Government’s commitment to the UK’s world-class research base.
What departments have written parliamentary questions asked for
we targeted? us to all four departments we have targeted
We have asked MPs to ask questions to by 10 MPs from five different parties
the Department for Health and Social (Conservative, DUP, Labour, Plaid Cymru
Care on vaccines; to the Department for and SNP). You can see a couple of examples
Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy of written questions that MPs have
on UK and EU science funding; to the submitted on our behalf in the side boxes.
Home Office on the importance of our
immigration system allowing the UK to
What are the benefits of doing this?
attract talent from around the globe; Apart from allowing us to receive answers
and to the Department for Education on from Government Ministers about issues
getting more students into STEM education that concern and affect the BSI and its
and increasing diversity within STEM. members, it allows us to build relationships
with MPs. The objective being that eventually
Does anyone else do this? we will have a network of parliamentarians
Yes, we are competing for MPs’ attention with whom we work closely to raise matters
with a multitude of other organisations. that are important to us and can influence
This includes their own parties – Ministers’ Government policy on our behalf. It also
and Opposition frontbenchers’ aides raises our profile as a leading scientific
will try to persuade backbench MPs society and puts the topics we care about
to ask planted questions to highlight on the agenda and in the public eye.
Government strengths or to underline
their weaknesses, respectively. Matthew Gibbard
Policy & Public Affairs Manager,
Have we had any success? British Society for Immunology
At the time of writing, the Parliamentary Email: m.gibbard@immunology.org
Questions Programme has been running
for about two months. In that time, we have
had three MPs submit oral questions, with
one winning the ballot and also asking our
suggested supplementary question in the
Commons chamber. We’ve also had 27
Immunology News | June 201920 REPRESENTING IMMUNOLOGY
BSI policy work update
©Shutterstock/Javen
Welcome to our new regular update
on the BSI’s policy and public affairs
work to highlight the programme of
activities we undertake to advocate
for immunological science and health
to the Government, parliamentarians
and policymakers.
Parliamentary Questions
Those of you who have read the article
detailing our new Parliamentary Questions
Programme will know that we have been
suggesting questions for backbench MPs,
whose interests overlap with the BSI’s policy
agenda, to ask Government Ministers. At
the time of writing, we’ve had a good level of
success in parliamentarians taking this up
in the first two months of activity. We’ve had
27 written questions tabled on our behalf to
all four Government departments we were
targeting, by 10 MPs, from five different as an integral part of its five-year action MP (Con, Newton Abbot) who chairs the
political parties. These have been helpful plan to tackle AMR and committed to All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG)
almost without exception, either getting on ‘[providing] the money that is necessary’ on Medicines and Medical Devices and
the record that the Government is planning to tackle AMR. To watch the full Chris Green MP (Con, Bolton West) who
actions that align with our agenda or exchange, visit https://bit.ly/2Ijfr4X. chairs the APPG on Medical Research
identifying an area requiring more scrutiny. and serves as Vice-Chair of the APPG
An example of the former was Chris
Informing the debate for Life Sciences. We are hoping that
Skidmore MP (Con, Kingswood), the The next day, on 28 March, a Westminster these will be productive discussions
Higher Education Minister, confirming Hall debate was held to discuss World around the challenges facing immunology
to Bob Blackman MP (Con, Harrow East) TB Day and efforts to end tuberculosis today and will allow for the beginning of
that the Government would be seeking globally. (A Westminster Hall debate occurs some fruitful working relationships.
to increase the number of international in the Commons’ lesser known secondary
students studying in the UK by over a third chamber and with the crucial difference that
Next on the agenda
– to 600,000 by 2030, despite its retention debates are led by backbenchers seeking The BSI is putting together a response
of the net migration target. An example ministerial responses on issues important to the recently announced Government
of the latter category has been a couple to them, rather than the Government consultation on ‘the design of UK funding
of responses to Rosie Cooper MP (Lab, setting the agenda). The BSI prepared and schemes for international collaboration,
West Lancashire) regarding the training distributed a briefing on the importance of innovation and curiosity driven blue skies
of healthcare professionals on vaccines funding research to develop a vaccine to research’, led by Professor Sir Adrian
that don’t fully align with each other, and protect against pulmonary TB in adults, and Smith. We will bring you more news on this
we plan to follow this up for clarification the contribution that drug-resistant TB is in the next issue of Immunology News.
with the new Public Health Minister, making to global AMR. We were pleased that As always, we are keen for BSI members
Seema Kennedy MP (Con, South Ribble). a number of MPs used our briefing including to get involved in our policy and public
Our first success in oral questions Jim Fitzpatrick MP (Lab, Poplar and affairs work. If you wish to raise any issues
came on 27 March when Rt Hon Stephen Limehouse) who namechecked the BSI, and that you have encountered with us, or if you
Crabb MP (Con, Preseli Pembrokeshire) Nic Dakin (Lab, Scunthorpe) who highlighted want to write to your own MP but need some
questioned Health and Social Care that TB hotspots exist here in the UK in more information to get started, please do
Secretary, Rt Hon Matt Hancock MP (Con, London, Leicester, Luton, Birmingham, contact me at m.gibbard@immunology.org.
West Suffolk) with two of our suggested Manchester and Coventry. To read the
questions on the role that vaccines have full debate, visit https://bit.ly/2YsQeKc. Matthew Gibbard
in combating the threat of antimicrobial Policy & Public Affairs Manager,
resistance (AMR) to antibiotics. In his
Building our influence British Society for Immunology
answers, the Health Secretary commented Coming up, we have face-to-face meetings
that the Government is using vaccines planned in May with Anne-Marie Morris
Immunology News | June 2019You can also read
