Klimaschutz und Tourismus - Stefan Gössling Dept. of Service Management and Service Studies, Lund University

Klimaschutz und Tourismus

                     Stefan Gössling
Dept. of Service Management and Service Studies, Lund University
     School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University

The world as
      a growth
      system:
     the ‚Great
    Acceleration‘

Source: Steffen, W., Persson, Å., Deutsch, L.,
Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Richardson, K.,
Crumley, C., Crutzen, P., Folke, C., Gordon, L.,
Molina, M., Ramanathan, V., Rockström, J.,
Scheffer, M., Schellnhuber, H.J. and Svedin, U.
(2011). The Anthropocene: From Global
Change to Planetary Stewardship. Ambio 40:
739-761.

Source: Gerland, P., Raftery, A.E., Sevcikova, H., Li, N., Gu, D., Spoorenberg, T., Alkema, L., Fosdick, B.K., Chunn, J.,
Lalic, N., Bay, G., Buettner, T., Heilig, G.K., and Wilmoth, J. 2014. World population stabilization unlikely this century.
Science, online 18 September 2014, 10.1126/science.1257469

„In biophysical terms, humanity has
never been moving faster nor further
 from sustainability than it is now.“
Ehrlich, P.R., Kareiva, P.M. and Daily, G.C. (2012) Securing natural capital and
expanding equity to rescale civilization. Nature 486: 68-73.

Tourism‘s global resource
   consumption 1900-2050
• Model to illustrate changing resource use
• 7.8 to 15.45 billion tourist trips by 2050
• Three scenarios 2010-2050:
   - Economic slowdown
   - Business-as-usual
   - Global growth

CO2 emissions 1900-2050

Gössling, S. and Peeters, P. 2014. Tourism’s global environmental impact 1900-2050.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism, in press.

CO2-emissions from tourism and
  sustainable planetary boundaries

CO22-Emissions
CO  Emissionen (Mt/yr)
                (Mio.Tonnen/Jahr)

                                                                                                 Emissionspfad A
                                Reduction path A/B                                               (Reduzierung ab 2015)
                                (2°C stabilization)
                                                                                                 Emissionspfad B
                                                                                                 (Reduzierung ab 2025)

                                                                                                 Emissionspfad C
                                                                                                 (tourismusbezogene
                                                     Emission growth tourism                     Emissionen)

Scott, D., Peeters, P., and Gössling, S. 2010. Can tourism deliver its ‘aspirational’ emission
reduction targets? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 18(3), 393-408.

Quelle: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/presse/presseinformationen/treibhausgasausstoss-im-jahr-2013-erneut-um-12

Pro Kopf CO2
10.36 t                        Emissionen in
                               Deutschland und des
                               deutschen Tourismus*
               7.8 t
  ≈                                                *Äquivalent-Emissionen,
                                                   berücksichtigt nur
                                                   Beherbergung und
                                                   Transporte

      0.45 t
                       0.4 t
                                Quelle: Gössling, S., Peeters, P., Eijgelaar, E.,
                                Sonntag, U. and Lohmann, M. 2010. Das
                                Reiseverhalten der Deutschen 2020: Wege zur
                                Emissionsreduktion im Tourismus im Einklang
   2013            2020         mit der deutschen Klimapolitik. Atmosfair, Berlin,
                                Germany.

400 kg CO2 - Evidence from
               the Netherlands

Source: de Bruijn, K., Dirven, R., Eijgelaar, E., Peeters, P., & Nelemans, R. (2013). Travelling large in
2011: The carbon footprint of Dutch holidaymakers in 2011 and the development since 2002. Breda,
Netherlands: NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences.

A sustainable tourism future
• Manage the disconnect (technology
  discourse);
• Stop guilt-messaging;
• Foster carbon literacy;
• Create sustainable trends and visions of
  desirable low-carbon futures;
• Introduce taxation.

Technology discourse

Guilt messaging
 = double-bind
    conflicts

Knowledge: Carbon
                (resource) literacy

Behavioural change
demands factual,
procedural and
effectiveness
knowledge.

 Gössling, S. and Buckley, R. 2014. Carbon labels in tourism: Persuasive
 communication? Journal of Cleaner Production, in press.

Positive visions:
                Copenhagen, City of Cyclists

Gössling, S. 2013. Urban Transport Transitions: Copenhagen, City of Cyclists.
Journal of Transport Geography, 33: 196-206.

Taxation:
tourism is
 wasteful!