LIAISE - Local Institutions Against Violent Extremism - Recommendations, local practices and resources - European Forum for Urban Security
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European
Forum for
Urban
Security
LIAISE - Local Institutions
Against Violent Extremism
Recommendations, local practices
and resourcesIntroduction
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Radicalisation and violent extremism need to be tackled through a strong pre-
ventative approach as well as just repressive responses, which are not suffi-
cient on their own. A prevention policy must mobilise local partnerships for
delinquency prevention and social cohesion to strengthen individual and
group resilience to the risks of radicalisation. Through their proximity to citi-
zens, their understanding of local issues and their skills in public policies for
the prevention of crime and for social cohesion, local and regional authorities
are strategically placed to implement actions and mobilise all local stakehol-
ders concerned.
Between September 2014 and December 2017, the European Forum for
Urban Security (Efus) led, with funding from the European Commission, the
LIAISE “Local institutions against violent extremism” project for exchanging
and strengthening the capacities of European local authorities for the imple-
mentation of prevention projects against violent radicalisation.
Ten cities from six different countries were brought together during the first
step of the project: Augsburg (Germany), Brussels (Belgium), Düsseldorf (Ger-
many), L’Hospitalet (Spain), Liege (Belgium), Malmö (Sweden), Montreuil
(France), Reggio Emilia (Italy), Sarcelles (France) and Vilvoorde (Belgium), as
well as the British think tank “Institute for Strategic Dialogues” specialising in
extremism, and Ufuq, a German association for intercultural exchange. The
German association “Interactive Cultures” and the Belgian Forum for Preven-
tion and Urban Security also participated.
The main objective of this project was to support local and regional authorities
and determine what could be done by local authorities to prevent violent radi-
calisation. Expertise, training modules and recommendations produced as
part of this project were summarised in a publication dated September 2016
entitled “Preventing and fighting against radicalisation at the local level”. Se-
veral videos are also available online with this publication.
2The second phase of the project, entitled LIAISE 2, gathered 33 institutions
from 10 different countries. Alexandroupolis (Greece), Augsburg, Düsseldorf,
Essen, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Homeland se-
curity department) of Bremen (Germany), Bagneux, Bordeaux, Montreuil, Sar-
celles, Toulouse, the Valley of Oise county council(France), Barcelona, the Go-
vernment of Catalonia, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Spain), Bologna, Reggio
Emilia (Italy), Brno (Czech Republic), Brussels, Charleroi, Liege, Leuwen (Bel-
gium, The Hague, Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Malmö (Sweden), Setubal
(Portugal) as well as the German, Belgian, French and Italian Forums for
Urban Security and the nongovernmental organisations such as Ufuq, Culture
Interactive e.V and the Confederation of European Probation. This project
made it possible to consolidate established partnerships, delve further into
specific recommendations and assist the partners in implementing pilot pre-
vention actions. Seventeen pilot actions were consequently developed and im-
plemented as part of this project. This work was used to prepare practical in-
formation sheets presenting local actions and a methodological guide to
develop a local strategy for the prevention of radicalisation leading to violent
extremism.
This brochure includes recommendations, local projects and resources deve-
loped as part of the LIAISE project.
3LIAISE - Local Institutions
Against Violent Extremism
Recommendations, local practices
and resources
>>>>> Principles
The partners of the LIAISE project agreed on principles that guided their work
and their mobilisation for the prevention of radicalisation leading to violent
extremism. They also prepared recommendations that are incorporated into
the Efus “Security, Democracy & Cities” Manifesto.
A strong preventative approach is essential, in addition to policing and
judicial policies.
Thanks to their proximity to citizens, their understanding of local issues
>>>
and their skills in public policies for the prevention of crime and for social
cohesion, local and regional authorities are strategically well placed to im-
plement actions and mobilise all local stakeholders concerned.
Policies aimed at fighting against radicalisation must be based on an
approach that guarantees individual liberties in order to avoid stigmatisa-
tion, which can quickly become a breeding ground for extremism.
Violent radicalisation must be tackled in all its forms. The different forms
taken by extremism are, regardless of their motivations, equally dangerous
for society’s security and social cohesion, and can mutually reinforce one
another.
4 Since some of the risk factors of radicalisation are similar to those leading
to crime, the prevention of violent radicalisation must be part of a local and
integrated security strategy.
Although this may depend on their skills, the commitment of local and
regional authorities to prevent violent radicalisation should ideally aim at
taking into account the different phases of the process: primary prevention
(general public), secondary (targeted at risk population) and tertiary
(radicalised people).
Local prevention strategies must be founded on a balanced approach and
based on evidence collected and analysed in collaboration with local
partners. This includes key steps such as audits and impact assessments,
to ensure the actions are updated and improved.
T he mobilisation of elected representatives and political support are
essential for legitimate and visible actions to prevent violent radicalisation.
L ocal authorities must recognise the central role of civil society and
promote its mobilisation to build resilience and suggest alternative
narratives and commitments to extremism.
>>>>> Pilot actions
As part of the LIAISE 2 project, Efus assisted 16 local authorities as well as
the German Forum for Urban Security in the development and implementation
of pilot local actions, i.e. innovative actions either in their methodology or
their content.
Alexandroupolis – Raising awareness among local stakeholders
(Greece)
The Municipality of Alexandroupolis designed and organised awareness-
raising sessions on radicalisation leading to violence for students, young
professionals and local specialists working in the field of crime prevention and
security. The sessions were specifically tailored to the needs, experience and
field of activity of the different categories of participants. This activity was
developed with the support of two city museums and the local media who
gave it visibility.
5Augsburg - Turnup: a film project for girls (Germany)
The aim of this project was to strengthen the resilience of girls and young
women against extremist religious narratives. Ten girls, supported by a media
producer and media educator, reflected on the gender roles promoted by
Daesh, and produced a video where these young women living in Germany
presented their own life expectations and goals. Participants were taught how
to produce technical videos and were encouraged to use them on social media.
The video is to be shown in schools to start discussions on radicalisation and
encourage young people to make their voices heard.
Bagneux - Local plan for the prevention of radicalisation (France)
The town of Bagneux (France) has put in place a local plan for the prevention
of violent radicalisation that includes actions on the three levels of prevention.
The different axes of this plan included: raising awareness and training
elected representatives and municipal staff on the phenomenon of violent ra-
dicalisation and their role in prevention at a local level; primary prevention
actions and discussions with citizens (youth and family) on the documentary
by Jasna Krajinovic, “The empty room”, and the testimony of a mother, Saliha
Ben Ali; secondary and tertiary prevention actions with the setting up of a
local partnership unit for exchanging confidential information and support.
Bologna - The role of local police in preventing violent radicalisation
(Italy)
The municipality of Bologna organised a two-day training session on how to
detect early signs of radicalisation leading to violent extremism. Mainly aimed
at local police officers and social workers, the training course was given by
Luca Guglielminetti, a researcher specialising in radicalisation issues and
member of the Radicalisation Awareness Network (RAN). The aim was to give
them the tools and knowledge to better prevent radicalisation at an early
stage, especially for their “community policing” mission thanks to their
excellent knowledge of the area.
6Bordeaux - Training of trainers and AGIR network (France)
The city of Bordeaux has set up a training course for a dozen professionals
working in organisations related to young people and/or families. These
professionals completed five training modules and are now relay (secondary)
trainers in charge of facilitating information sessions and the dynamics in
their structures and territories. The training focused on understanding the
radicalisation phenomenon and spotting and reporting such behaviour, as
well as working on resilience tools. These professionals will also take part in a
territorial network called A.G.I.R. This network is as much a platform for
exchanging good practices as a collection of elements on “alarming” or
“significant” behaviours.
Brussels - EcoPol project (Belgium)
The aim of the EcoPol Project (Ecology of polarisation in schools) is to better
understand the polarisation mechanisms in schools and fight against their
effects. Through training in discussion circle techniques and regular
methodological support given to participating institutions, the aim of this
project is to provide teachers with techniques to work with their students on
empathy, listening, emotion management and cognitive capacity skills to
engage in reflection on sensitive topics.
EcoPol is the result of an analysis and consultation work carried out jointly by
the General Direction of Public Instruction and the Health Orientation
Prevention Service (SPOS) of the city of Brussels, the SéSame Mental Health
Centre and the Bravvo PreRad Unit.
DEFUS (German Forum for Urban Security) - Webinar series
“Extremist Radicalisation - Challenge for local authorities and
possibilities for prevention” (Germany)
The German Forum for Urban Security (DEFUS) and the Institute for Applied
Prevention Research of the German Congress on Crime Prevention jointly
organised a series of eight webinars to address different facets of extremism
and radicalisation. The format of the webinars was particularly successful
with research participants from different cities and for sharing local
experiences. Webinars are a cost-effective way to reach larger audiences than
with traditional seminars and promote exchanges between local stakeholders
and experts.
7Düsseldorf - Counter-narrative video (Germany)
The city of Düsseldorf funded the production of a video by eight young boys
attending the “Kamper 17” local youth centre. The aim of the project was to
encourage the expression of alternative narratives based on topics relevant to
young people. The group chose to work on extremist and racist narratives
seen on social media and through public debate that they had found particu-
larly challenging as young Muslims. In close collaboration with the Clipper
e.V. local press workshop, they developed a scenario and produced a video, all
working in front of and behind the camera. The video will be posted online
and presented to friends and families during a semi-public event.
Essen - Information centre on violent Salafism (Germany)
The city of Essen has opened an information centre to provide advice on
violent religious extremism. The centre is part of a network of 13 locations set
up in North Rhine-Westphalia as a response to a growing number of
radicalisation cases and for a local support to parents, teachers, social
workers, friends and peers. The office builds on an established network of
local partners in the field of crime prevention and in working with youth and
schools, including different departments of the municipality and the police as
well as civil society organisations. As part of the LIAISE 2 project, the city
organised a conference aimed at raising awareness on violent religious
extremism and strengthening cooperation with various partners in the city.
Government of Catalonia and Confederation of European Probation –
Preventing radicalisation in prison and probation (Spain)
The government of Catalonia jointly organised a series of awareness sessions
with the Confederation of European Probation (CEP) for prison social workers
and probation officers to help them better detect signs of radicalisation when
conducting interviews with offenders’ families. Indeed, they can provide,
voluntarily or unwittingly, useful information on the behaviour of their relative
and possible signs of radicalisation which can be used to prevent it.
The training courses were given by experts on radicalisation, but also on
socio-addictions and sects. A total of 148 social workers and probation
officers attended these training courses.
8L’Hospitalet de Llobregat - Municipal Plan for the Prevention of Radi-
calisation (Spain)
The plan for the prevention of radicalisation was based on two tools. A
working group bringing together local stakeholders was the first one. Its aim
is to share knowledge and develop a common approach to radicalisation
between different departments and organisations. This partnership was built
upon a successful experience of cooperation between city services and those
of the Government of Catalonia set up several years ago to prevent violence
between youth gangs. The second tool is a workshop with families for making
their interaction with the local authority easier.
Liège - Psychosocial care for radicalised youths or their families:
“PsyRad” (Belgium)
PsyRaD is a research project aimed at developing a psychosocial support tool
for young people becoming radicalised or their families, with the aim of social
integration. The project is driven by the city’s Prevention Plan in collaboration
with the University of Liège (Psychology of Delinquency). The methodology
was created with the help of the police and youth welfare services. It will be
determined with the justice system whether this support could become an
addition or an alternative to a sanction.
Malmö - Mammakraft (mothers’ power) (Sweden)
Inspired by the “Mother schools” from the Women Without Borders
Association, the municipality of Malmö launched a project entitled
“Mammakraft ” (Mothers’ power). The Social Services Department brought
together twelve organisations, educational associations and municipal
services for a two-day training sessionand invited Saliha Ben Ali, the mother
of a Belgian radicalised youth who died in Syria. From this, a group of mothers
concerned about their children was then created. The municipality and
various organisations worked closely together to organise the meetings.
Topics included family dynamics, radicalisation, non-violent communication
and drug abuse. This group of mothers promotes exchanges and discussions
on various subjects.
9Reggio Emilia - Prevention is better than cure: the role of young
people in the prevention of radicalisation (Italy)
>>>
The city of Reggio Emilia and the Mondinsieme intercultural centre have
decided to focus on awareness-raising actions among voluntary youth
organisations involved in their local community by offering them a course on
the different ways of preventing radicalisation given by Professor Luca
Guglielminetti. The group then organised several events including the
screening of an Italian documentary Dustur which traces the life of several
jailed migrants. This was followed by a debate with the protagonists and the
filmmakers about the need to establish an inclusive and resilient local
community.
Sarcelles - Participatory Forum Theatre (France)
An exchange between the cities of Brussels, Molenbeek (Belgium), Montreuil
and Sarcelles (France) took place in 2016. Prevention professionals from
Sarcelles went to Brussels and Molenbeek for a day of exchanges on
professional practices in the prevention of radicalisation. The city of Sarcelles
met with the Vaartkapoen association, which had set up a theatre company
made up of mothers from Molenbeek fighting against radicalisation. These
women then held a theatre forum (a participatory theatre technique) in front of
Sarcelles professionals and mothers.
Setubal – Raising awareness to local prevention of radicalisation
(Portugal)
Setubal carried out a study that indicated that the city was not really affected
by radicalisation. In order to maintain this positive situation, the city took
advantage of the LIAISE project to publish recommendations and best
practices from Efus member cities to raise awareness among local
stakeholders, promote moments of sharing and consider the development of a
local prevention strategy.
Toulouse - Mobilising and aligning the local partnership (France)
The city of Toulouse, supported by Efus, organised awareness-raising and
work meetings that mobilised several institutions: youth services, education,
urban policy, sports, leisure, culture, municipal police, prefecture, justice,
departmental council, national education, family allowances fund, funding
partners and associations.
These meetings were used to share actions carried out by each of the partners,
to work out local needs in terms of prevention of radicalisation and to build
momentum around coherent and strengthened actions for the prevention of
radicalisation in the Toulouse area.
10>>>>> Ressources
You can find all the resources produced as part of the LIAISE project on the
Efus website as well as on Efus-Network, the collaborative platform for Forum
members.
beim Umgang mit diesem Phänomen.
politischen und technischen Instrumente zur Stärkung der lokalen Ebene
Preventing and fighting radicalisation at the local level,
2016
Radikalisierung auf lokaler Ebene
Überblick über das Thema, gewährt aber auch praktische Einblicke in die
Prävention und Bekämpfung von
Radikalisierungsgefährdung zu stärken. Diese Publikation vermittelt einen
voraus, um das Stehvermögen des Einzelnen und der Gruppe gegenüber der
Maßnahmen setzen lokale Partnerschaften zur Verbrechensbekämpfung
präventive Maßnahmen sind gefragt, die bei den Ursachen ansetzen. Solche
Radikalisierung lässt sich nicht durch Repression allein bekämpfen. Auch
Split into several thematic chapters (Understanding
Radikalisierung auf lokaler Ebene European
Forum for
Prävention und Bekämpfung von Urban
Security
radicalisation and raising the awareness of local stakeholders/
Developing a multi-sectoral local strategy/Supporting
families and providing them with the necessary tools /
Radicalisation at the Local Level
Preventing and Fighting
Preventing and Fighting
Security
Urban
Prevention and resilience strengthening/Deradicalisation and
Radicalisation at the Local Level
Forum for
European
In order to combat radicalisation, repressive responses alone are not
sufficient. Preventive measures must also be implemented to tackle its
underlying causes. These actions must mobilise local crime prevention
disengagement/Counter-narratives), the publication presents
partnership schemes to strengthen the resilience of both individuals and
groups to the risks of radicalisation. The aim of this publication is to give an
overview of the topic, as well as to provide practical insights and tools for
strengthening local stakeholders’ capacities to deal with this phenomenon,
both at the political and technical level.
the knowledge gained from research on radicalisation leading
to violent extremism, the main elements that must be included in a local
prevention strategy, the role of local authorities and examples of good
practices.
The publication is available to download in English, French, German,
Italian and Spanish by Efus members on the Efus Network platform:
www.efus-network.eu If you wish to receive a print copy, please fi ll out the
attached order request form.
Methodological guide to developing a local strategy for the
European
Forum for
Urban
Security
prevention of radicalisation leading to violent extremism.
2018.
This guide details each stage of the development of a local
strategy for the prevention of radicalisation, from political
mobilisation to its design, its diagnosis and assessment. For
LIAISE - Local Institutions
Against Violent Extremism
each one, methodological advice is provided, explaining the
Recommendations and local practices
potential obstacles to the strategy and ways to overcome these.
Local practices are also presented. This advice comes from the
experience of many communities with varying profiles. However, it should not
be considered as universal. Each region is invited to adapt these according to
their own local context.
The publication is available to download in English, French, German, Italian
and Spanish by Efus members on the Efus Network platform:
www.efus-network.eu
11Practical information sheets on local actions
>>>
Information sheets detailing the objectives, methodology and activities
for the action as well as the person to contact for further information.
Videos
Six videos are available online:
Understanding radicalisation and raising awareness among local
actors
Developing a multi-sectoral local strategy
Supporting families and providing them with the necessary tools
Prevention and resilience strengthening
Deradicalisation and disengagement
Counter-narratives
These videos are available on the Efus website:
https://efus.eu/fr/topics/risks-forms-of-crime/radicalisation/efus/11756/
“Security, Democracy and Cities” Manifesto
The Efus “Security, Democracy and Cities” Manifesto
Manifest
demonstrates the values and principles upon which the actions of
Security, Democracy and Cities:
Coproducing Urban
the Forum and its members in the field of urban security are based.
Security Policies
It also contains a series of thematic recommendations co-
➤ ➤ Manifesto adopted in 2017 during the
produced by members of the network. The Manifesto is renewed
every five years and is the roadmap for Efus members. This
International Conference of the European
Forum for Urban Security, co-organised
with the City of Barcelona and the
document also presents their political position on a set of urban
Government of Catalonia. ➤➤
➤ ➤
security topics. Recommendations on the prevention of violent
mocratie et Villes : Co-produire les politiques de sécurité, Manifeste 2017 Sécurité, Démocratie et Villes : Co-produire les politiques de sécurité, Manifeste 2017 -3
radicalisation have been included in this latest Manifesto.
12>>>>> Partners
Co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union. This publication reflects the
views only of the author, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any
use which may be made of the information contained therein.
13>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Design : Marie Aumont, micheletmichel.com
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Published by:
European Forum for Urban Security - Efus
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Tel: +33 (0)1 40 64 49 00
14Order form
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