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NATIONAL
ANTI-CORRUPTION
STRATEGY
2019-2022
Egyptian National Anti-
Corruption Strategy
2019-2022
The Sub-Coordinating Committee For The
Prevention And Combating Of Corruption
CONTENTS
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................6
The Most Important Results of follow-up to the implementation of the National Strategy to
combat Corruption (2014-2018)................................................................................................................8
First: Highlights of actions taken to issue and implement the Strategy:...........................................................8
Second: The most prominent general positive outcomes resulting from Issuance and
implementation of the strategy:........................................................................................................................................8
IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE GRACIOUS, THE MERCIFUL.
Third: The most significant positive practices implemented for the objectives of the strategy:..............9
Fourth: The main challenges that emerged during the implementation of the first phase of the
And of mankind there is he whose conversation on the life of strategy:...................................................................................................................................................................................19
Fifth: The reasons why some of the executive actions of the objectives of the 2014-2018 Strategy
this world pleaseth thee (muhammad), and he calleth allah to
were not implemented and ways to overcome them:........................................................................................... 20
witness as to that which is in his heart; yet he is the most rigid
Methodology for the preparation of the National Strategy (2019-2022) ......................................22
of opponents (204) and when he turneth away (from thee) his
Method of building the National anti-corruption strategy:................................................................................... 22
effort in the land is to make mischief therein and to destroy Fundamentals of Building the Strategy:....................................................................................................................... 22
the crops and the cattle; and allah loveth not mischief (205) Strategy Building Mechanisms:....................................................................................................................................... 22
Overall framework of the strategy.........................................................................................................24
Al baqara
Principles on which the strategy was based:............................................................................................................. 24
Duration of the strategy..................................................................................................................................................... 24
Agencies participating in implementation.................................................................................................................. 24
Strategic Direction.....................................................................................................................................26
Vision.........................................................................................................................................................................................26
Message...................................................................................................................................................................................26
Main objectives of the National Anti-corruption Strategy (2019-2022):.......................................................... 26
Strategy Work System........................................................................................................................................................28
The operational plan of the Strategy ....................................................................................................30
Conclusion:..................................................................................................................................................48
4 NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY 5
INTRODUCTION
Four years have passed, since Egypt continuing efforts to achieve better levels of
launched its first national anti-corruption corruption prevention and higher standards
Day strategy and in order to implement its of integrity and transparency.
10 goals, has spared no effort. The efforts of
Coordination among the members of the
all the units of the state administrative body
National Coordinating/subsidiary Commit-
have been mutually reinforcing with the
tee for the Prevention and control of cor-
law enforcement agencies1 in order to op-
ruption, and the use of experts in the field
erationalize the operational procedures of
of social sciences and Management science,
that strategy. National coordinating/Subsid-
resulted in the development of the basic
iary Committee for the Prevention and con-
elements of the second version of the Na-
trol of corruption has assumed the task of
tional anti-corruption strategy, which is the
monitoring the implementation of the Strat-
general strategic plan of the Egyptian State
egy. Its technical Secretariat has also been
in this area for the period 2019 to 2022. It
tasked with monitoring and following up on
was prepared after studying the challenges
successful best practices as well as identi-
of 2014-2018 Strategy to avoid them, and af-
fying the challenges faced in implementing
ter studying many international experiences
the strategy in its first version.
in ways of combating corruption and deter-
The first strategy established the principles mining the most appropriate ways to apply
of accounting and accountability without to the Egyptian case.
any courtesy or distinction; and expressed
in its objectives and operational procedures
a strong message that the fight against cor-
ruption and prevention, is a joint responsi-
bility of all authorities of the State and soci-
ety, and proclaimed the right of citizens to The Technical Secretariat of the Sub-Coor-
know the results and efforts made in Imple- dinating Committee for the Prevention and
mentation and follow-up of the strategy. The combating of corruption
United Nations has praised the Egyptian ef-
fort in this regard as it has incorporated the
first national strategy as one of Egypt’s suc-
cessful practices in preventing and combat-
ing corruption.
Despite the success achieved by the imple-
mentation of the first strategy, Egypt is not
yet immune to corruption, and the harmful
impact of corruption cannot be halted over-
night. Even the most advanced states have
not been able to completely eliminate this
scourge, and we are therefore committed to
1- the regulatory, security and judicial authorities, units and bodies
6
RESULTS OF THE FOLLOW-UP TO THE implements the main objectives and op-
erational activities of the National anti-
all government hospitals in coopera-
tion between officials of the Ministry of
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL ANTI- corruption strategy 2014/2018. Health, and Al Gomhoreya Company,
and specialists in the armed forces.
CORRUPTION STRATEGY (2014-2018) 3. The obligation of all law enforcement
agencies to activate coordination
Cooperation has also been established
with the Higher Council of Universities to
among them in accordance with the
integrate the (109) University Hospitals
Constitution of the Arab Republic of
First: Highlights Of The Actions Taken To implementation of the strategy were car- with the unified purchasing system to ra-
Egypt: As article 218 of the Constitution
Issue And Implement The Strategy: ried out by all units of the State adminis- tionalize public spending.
of Egypt came into force, law enforce-
1. On 9/12/201, the National anti-corrup- tration, which resulted in the monitoring
ment agencies have committed them- 3. To develop a system for linking and inte-
tion strategy was launched under the of many successful practices. Moreover,
selves to coordinate in the fight against grating national databases in support of
patronage of the President, and sent to some of the challenges have been dealt
corruption and to develop and follow the state’s orientation towards the digital
all the implementing agencies, includ- with by immediate solutions and others
up the implementation of the National transformation system in cooperation be-
ing the units of the State administra- have been considered in the preparation
anti-corruption strategy. As well as their tween the Ministry of Communications/
tive body (Ministries/governorates/uni- of the 2019-2022 strategy.
efforts in fulfilling Egypt’s international Ministry of Military production/
versities) which amounted to about 84 obligations, the national expert body has Central Agency for Public Mobilization
entities. Coordinators were appointed been established, with membership of and Statistics/Administrative Control
Second: The most important general
in those bodies and assigned to form all law enforcement agencies, coordina- Authority/and specialized experts from
positive practices resulting from the
Working groups to develop a sub-plan tion and consensus-building to prepare the private sector.
promulgation and implementation of
that is in line with the main objectives and produce a unified formulation and a
the strategy: 4. Signing a cooperation protocol between
of the strategy and its time-frame, and consensual view of all reports issued on
follow-up with the National Coordinating 1. Launch and implementation of the first the general tax authority and the Social
behalf of Egypt for all International and
Subcommittee for the Prevention and national strategy of Egypt 2014/2018, Insurance fund to exchange information
regional Forums.
control of corruption. which has been incorporated by the and data to reduce the phenomenon of
United Nations Secretariat, as one of the tax and insurance evasion
2. Several meetings and workshops were successful practices of the Arab Republic Third: The most significant positive
held with the focal points to discuss of Egypt in the field of preventing and 5. Applying the policy of functional rotation
practices that took place to implement
implementation mechanisms to move combating corruption. of the most vulnerable jobs to corrup-
the objectives of the strategy:
from the theoretical stage to the practi- tion in some units of the administrative
cal implementation phase through the 2. Synergy of the efforts of all units of the body of the State and the establishment
First Objective: to improve the
plans developed by the authorities. The administrative body of the State: The performance of the government body and of single-window outlets in the general
observations were limited to those plans fight against and prevention of cor- the improvement of public services: authority for investment and industrial
and the coordinators were directed to ruption is no longer a matter for law zones, to reduce the time of service de-
1. Completion of the automation and
amend them to reach a comprehensive enforcement, as the strategy has been livery, separating the service provider
launching of 239 traffic units -Online-for
and implementable plan. concerned with the role of the admin- from its recipients and increasing the at-
the services of inquiring about irregu-
istrative body of the State, civil society traction of direct investments, as well as,
3. On 31/7/2016, the Prime Minister issued larities and the payment of penalties-
and the private sector. According to the Establishment of technological centers in
decisions establishing a number of (4) country wide, As well as, the delivery of
implementation of the National anti-cor- many governorates.
Working groups headed by ministries the certificate of clearance to the home
ruption strategy 2014/2018, the opera-
(Justice/planning, follow-up & adminis- of the service requestor or his unit start- 6. Implementation of a centralized auto-
tionalization of a coordinating work sys-
trative reform/culture/social solidarity) ing in Cairo and Giza and being circulated mation system for (marriage and di-
tem between the technical Secretariat of
to activate the tasks and duties of each throughout the rest of the governorates vorce documents/birth certificates/fam-
the National Coordinating Committee for
ministry, and to implement the objec- and the automation of the work system ily courts) in cooperation between the
the Prevention and control of corruption,
tives and policies of the national anti-cor- with 171 traffic units to provide licensing Ministry of Planning, and follow-up and
and the number of (84) coordinators of
ruption strategy and follow up on who’s Services (command and management). administrative reform and the Ministries
the units of the administrative body
responsible for implementation. of the State (Ministries/governorates/ of the Interior and Communications and
2. Signing and activating the tender for the
universities). To achieve the collective the Department of Public Prosecutions,
4. Several follow-up results from the unified purchase of medicines and medi-
work of the parties to these, the system where 77 offices have been equipped
cal supplies in Sharm el-Sheikh across
8 NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY 9
to serve 150 magistrates‘ offices at the and integrity in all components of the and follow-up implementation of the Constitution of the Arab Republic of
Republic level. administrative system: other universities. Egypt 2014. Law on prohibition of oppos-
1. Activating and developing the code of ing the interests of officials in the state,
7. To build an integrated system for the ex- 5. The Ministry of Finance is activating the
Professional conduct for employees of Law on the organization of lists of terror-
change of data and information between use of the Government Procurement
the administrative body of the state. ist entities No. (8) For the year 2015, to
the Anti-Money Laundering Unit and portal on the Ministry’s website and pre-
The Ministry of Planning, follow-up and reduce the funds used in this area whose
the financing of terrorism and banking paring a media campaign to promote it.
administrative reform prints and distrib- source is corruption offences. Law on
and non-banking financial institutions It also provides tax disclosure services
utes copies and posters of the code to the establishment and organization of
through computer application. for sales tax via the Internet and pay-
all ministries and governorates, making the National Committee for the recovery
ing them through the branches of the
8. Establish effective controls to discourage them available on its website and train- of funds, and assets abroad No. 28 of
Egyptian banks, and making available
surgical queues of critical cases across ing many of its staff. 2015, Anti-Terrorism Act No. 94 of 2015,
all information about their affiliates. The
the country with the establishment of Civil Service Act (81) for the year 2016
2. Conducted several training courses for site includes as well the citizen budget
governing controls to double the state’s and its amendments and regulations, the
workers in the units of the administra- and the introductory statement of the
resources from the activities and servic- Law on the organization of the work of
tive body of the State (Ministries/gover- draft general budget of the State, and
es of Egyptian ports and customs outlets. associations and other institutions work-
norates/universities) and preparation of the most important social and correc-
ing in the field of civil work No. (70) for
9. The National Technical Committee for an- trainers at the National anti-Corruption tional programs.
the year 2017, the Sports Law No. (71)
ti-Bribery management systems was es- Academy with a number of (125) Training of 2017, the Investment Law No. (72) for
6. On 12/7/2017, Presidential Decree No.
tablished by specialized experts from the courses benefiting some (4214) trainees. the year 2017 to simplify procedures and
314 established a unified complaints sys-
private sector, the Egyptian Organization This is with the aim to disseminate the eliminate bureaucracy through the uni-
tem country wide. On 17/8/2017, the de-
for Standardization and quality, repre- values of transparency and integrity, to fied window for investors. Amendments
cision of the Prime Minister No. 1855 in-
sentatives of several units of the state raise awareness of the dangers of cor- to some of the legislation, including the
cluded the formation of the Coordinating
administrative body, and the National ruption and to publicize the role and Egyptian Penal Code, include the crimi-
Committee of the Unified Government
Coordinating/Subsidiary Committee for competencies of the regulatory agen- nalization of bribery of a foreign public
complaints system headed by the
the Prevention and control of corruption; cies, and to bring experts from abroad official or an official of a public inter-
head of the information and Decision
to express an opinion on the standard to showcase international best practices national organization. The anti-money
Support Centre, and the members of
specification International anti-brib- in the field of preventing and combating Laundering and Terrorism Financing Act
the Administrative Control Authority.
ery management systems 37001. The corruption. No. 36 of 2014 guarantees the expansion
Follow-up indicates that a number of
Egyptian standard for anti-bribery man- of the crime of origin (i.e. a felony or mis-
3. The establishment of electronic portals (1844) Ministry/department/Body/body
agement systems has been developed in demeanor) and the increase of the bod-
in some ministries/governorates/uni- and their affiliates in the system have
accordance with Egyptian laws and regu- ies obliged to notify the offence of money
versities and the availability of services, received complaints through the system
lations in preparation for its launch and laundering. Law on illegal gain by adding
such as the Ministry of Finance and the portal, mobile application, hotline 6528
urges government organizations and the articles of conciliation with the accused,
governorates of Qalyubia and Giza, and and paper complaints
private sector to implement and abide by managing the funds in custody and trav-
them. the universities of Banha and Mansoura. 7. On 13/2/2017, the President issued a el ban, the Code of Criminal Procedure
4. Preparation of blogs for functional codes decree Law No. 89 of 2017 establishing by adding articles of conciliation with
Formation of a working group of the of conduct for prosecutors/administra- the National Payment Council, which the accused in the crimes of aggression
Information and Decision Support Centre, tive prosecutors/diplomats and envoys is responsible for reducing the use of against public funds and amending the
the Administrative Control Authority, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs/Central banknotes outside the banking sector, period of expiry of criminal proceedings
and specialized experts from the private developing national propulsion systems
Bank staff/guide to the implementa- so that it begins after the separation of
sector to develop a plan to build an and promoting financial inclusion.
integrated map; to follow international tion of the Private sector integrity Pact/ the public servant. In addition, to enable
and regional indicators in order to university student Ethics Code. It was the accused’s defence to appeal against
support the decision maker, and identify launched and activated in February 2018 Third Objective: Enact and update judgements in absentia and to be pres-
the distinctions and shortcomings and through student competitions and ac- legislations in support of anti-corruption: ent on his behalf, promulgation of the
ways to address them in cooperation tivities carried out by the students and 1. Issuing and making amendments to Law on contracts concluded by public au-
with all units of the system of the State the Administrative Control Authority several legislations to improve the leg- thorities No. 182 of 2018. To amend the
administration. Second Objective: to implemented them in Assiut universities, islative structure and compliance with Tenders and Auctions act to conform to
establish the principles of transparency Alexandria, awarding prizes to students international instruments, including the international standards in that field and
10 NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY 11
to eliminate the ambiguity in the excep- 7. A law was passed establishing the prosecution of the Public Prosecutor’s 4. Open new markets for goods in coordi-
tional methods of practices and tenders National Commission for the recovery office. nation between the Ministries of Defense
in all cases. of funds, and assets abroad, under the and the Interior with the Ministry of
2. To amend the Administrative Control
chairmanship of the Attorney General Supply and the private sector and make
2. Amending the law of the Administrative Authority’s law and grant it technical, fi-
and the membership of all law enforce- them available to citizens at reduced
Control Authority and granting it tech- nancial, administrative and legal person-
ment agencies to represent the State prices. In addition to issuing the com-
nical, financial, administrative and legal ality, to prevent and combat corruption.
before the relevant authorities, foreign modity exchange to determine the prices
personality to prevent and combat cor- To take preventive measures to ensure
courts and international arbitral tribu- of different commodities.
ruption and to take preventive measures the proper functioning of the public ser-
nals. To take the necessary legal and
to ensure the proper functioning of the vice, the preservation of public finances 5. The Ministry of Finance is preparing a
administrative measures and provide
public service and the preservation of and other state-owned funds. The devel- package of legislative amendments to
Requests in the name of the Egyptian
public finances and other state-owned opment and follow-up of the implemen- the Income Tax Act No. 91 of 2005, as
state to the competent authorities for the
funds. Development and follow-up of tation of the National anti-corruption well as holding numerous meetings with
purpose of detecting, tracing and freez-
the implementation of the National anti- strategy in coordination with other rel- representatives of chambers of com-
ing assets and following up on them.
corruption strategy in coordination with evant bodies and agencies. The estab- merce and Industry and major importing
Exchanging information with the con-
other relevant bodies and agencies, and lishment of the National anti-Corruption and exporting companies to reduce the
cerned authorities of the States and the
the establishment of the National anti- Academy to conduct training courses, manipulation of their invoices.
central authority in Egypt, which is the
Corruption Academy to conduct training symposia and the dispatch of study and
Office of the Attorney General and was
courses, workshops and the dispatch of training missions. Seventh Objective: Raise public awareness
notified to the secretariat of the technical
study and training missions. of the seriousness of corruption and the
secretariats of the United Nations. importance of combating it and building
3. Promulgation of the Civil Service Act citizens ‘ trust in State institutions:
Sixth Objective: Improve the standard of
and its implementing Regulation No. 81 Fourth Objective: To develop judicial
living of citizens and achieve social justice 1. Preparation of information campaigns to
of 2016, which contains articles relating procedures for the achievement of
prompt justice: 1. In implementation of the directives raise awareness of the dangers of cor-
to integrity, fairness, merit, transpar-
of the President of the Republic, the ruption in 2016 under the slogan “Egypt
ency and the fight against corruption. 1. The Ministry of Justice has increased
Government has issued numerous re- is stronger than corruption”. During
It affirms the application of the Code of the number of courts of first instance
form decisions in support of the social 2017, the second media campaign was
Professional conduct for employees of countrywide
justice system, including doubling the launched and aired on all satellite and
the administrative body of the state.
2. The development and electronic ar- per capita ration, increasing the pension terrestrial channels, radio stations, in-
4. The Ministry of Justice prepares draft chiving of a database of all cases and provided by the Takaful and Dignity pro- ternet sites and social media. It was
laws, including the Witness and whistle- documents by some judicial authorities gram, granting exceptional allowances prepared on the basis of a survey that
blowers Protection law, the law on the and law enforcement authorities. for those who are addressed and are not showed that direct preaching does not
availability and freedom of information. addressed by the provisions of the Civil stir or affect the attitudes and behavior
Fifth Objective: Support to anti-corruption Service Act. of the citizen. Hence, the pivotal idea
5. On 3/5/2017, Presidential Decree No. stakeholders: which is (the mirrors). This is the begin-
209 was promulgated to reorganize and 2. The Ministry of Social Solidarity, in co- ning you are a mirror yourself to move
establish the supreme Committee for 1. The Constitution of the Arab Republic of
ordination with the Central Agency for the conscience of the society and to cre-
Legislative Reform, which is responsible Egypt contains a full section of indepen-
public mobilization and Statistics and the ate shared responsibility and encourage
for formulating the legislative policies dent bodies and regulatory bodies with
Ministry of Planning, follow-up and ad- the citizen to expose corruption by in-
of the Government and preparing the articles 215 to 221, which include: the
ministrative reform, using poverty maps serting the numbers of the hotline of the
legislative plan in coordination with the legal personality, technical, financial and
to support poorer places. regulatory agencies.
relevant ministries. administrative independence of those
bodies and their views on the draft laws 3. Establishment of a database of benefi- 2. Successful practices in the field of educa-
6. Several meetings have been convened and regulations concerning their field of ciaries of support, with the participation tion were as follows:
by the Ministry of Finance to prepare a work, and the necessary protection to of the Ministries of Health, supply and
uniform law on the technical status of its members. Thus, ensuring their im- Social Solidarity, to benefit from health- a.) Inclusion of concepts related to trans-
special funds, accounts and units of a partiality and independence. In addition, care programs for those who are unable parency, integrity and rejection of
special nature the Constitution’s provision for the inde- and receive subsidized goods cards. corruption in the curricula indirectly
pendence of judicial authorities and the of the various educational stages
12 NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY 13
(kindergarten/primary/preparatory/ prevent it and the National anti-cor- year 2017/2018 to all government ing of many anti-corruption-related
secondary) such as religious educa- ruption strategy. colleges and universities within the materials by diplomas awarded by
tion/philosophical materials and civic courses that must be passed suc- the Graduate School (master/PhD).
f.) Establishment of committees for
education/ Psychology and psycholog- cessfully before obtaining a university
the promotion of values, where Training module: Implementation
ical education/Arabic language degree to familiarize the student with
the Directorate of Education in the of training programs (general-spe-
the principles of human rights, trans-
b.) Holding workshops for curricu- Governorate of Cairo has formed cialized) for police officers in areas
parency, integrity and anti-corruption.
lum development officials and the a committee named “Supreme related to the fight against corrup-
Coordinator of the Anti-Corruption Committee for upholding and en- b.) To dedicate lectures at all universi- tion, most notably the fight against
Commission to explain the impor- trenching values”. It specializes in ties to educate students on the dan- bribery/embezzlement/profiteer-
tance of educating students about publishing the code of Professional gers of corruption and the national ing/seizure/money laundering.
the seriousness of corruption and conduct/activating the regulation strategy to fight corruption. To pub-
4. Al-Azhar, Dar al-Fatwa, Ministry of Awqaf
the positive impact of incorporat- of discipline in schools/rejecting licize the regulatory bodies and their
and the Egyptian church raise religious
ing concepts related to integrity and corruption. competence with the participation of
awareness among the worshippers
transparency in the curricula of stu- anti-corruption officials in the regula-
g.) Setting up committees to study through speeches, caravans and les-
dents and sensitizing the staff of the tory agencies to spread the values of
some important issues including the sons to raise awareness of the serious-
Ministry of Education, Technical edu- integrity, transparency and awareness
Committee to rationalize spending, ness of corruption and focus on religious
cation and society. among university students to reduce
reduce the wastage of public money, motivation.
the phenomenon of corruption.
c.) Preparation of the national standards improve the quality of textbooks and
document for kindergartens, on the make use of printing presses. c.) Universities have held many confer- Eighth Objective: To strengthen domestic
basis of which the curriculum is based ences, seminars and workshops with cooperation in the fight against corruption
h.) Standardization of Labour policies
on several criteria and indicators to the participation of students and fac- 1. A number of (13) training sessions were
with the subcommittees of the edu-
support the values of citizenship. Most ulty members and oversight bodies held at the National anti-Corruption
cational directorates in the various
notably, teaching the child the prin- and the development of slogans to re- Academy for members of law enforce-
governorates. To be addressed by the
ciples of democracy/ethics such as duce the phenomenon of corruption ment agencies for about (250) trainees
Ministry’s Higher Committee on anti-
(Honesty/trust/preservation of public (together against corruption/together to activate coordination and exchange
Corruption to the provincial subcom-
and private property) and preparation we can). This is in addition to organiz- of information in the areas of combat-
mittees to give effect to the policies
of Brochures and competitions for ing cultural competitions and sports ing crimes of aggression against public
in accordance with the priorities of
students and teachers to raise aware- and the production of short films on funds and trafficking in the public ser-
the National anti-corruption strategy
ness and values. the manifestations of corruption to vice/combating the crime of illegal gain
2014/2018.
educate students and give prizes to and conflict of interest /Combating eco-
d.) The inclusion of some slogans on the
i.) The establishment of regulations for those who are distinguished and a cup nomic and informational crimes/money
back of the textbooks, where several
the examination work and the devel- for the best anti-corruption college. laundering and asset tracking.
workshops were held and a series of
opment of controls and rules for the
logos were placed on the covers of d.) Inclusion of the principles of trans- 2. The information and decision Support
formation of committees participat-
textbooks to deepen the sense of citi- parency and integrity within the edu- Centre, in coordination with the
ing in the general secondary exami-
zenship and affiliation, using the ex- cation and training curriculum of the Administrative Control Authority, is pre-
nations and technical diplomas to
periences of different countries and in Police academy to strengthen the ca- paring a local corruption perception in-
ensure transparency and the applica-
proportion to the content of the mate- pacity of officers and college students dex. It has concluded with recommenda-
tion of the functional rotation of their
rial and the age of the students. in the field of anti-corruption based on tions that have been forwarded to the
employees.
two axes: officials for implementation. Follow-up
e.) Preparation of training programs for
3. The successful practices of the Ministry and assessment of the implementation
teachers, administrators and lead- Educational hub: Includes teach-
of Higher education were as follows: has been carried out and a new index
ership in the Ministry of Education, ing the security leadership material
directorates and educational depart- for third year students at the Police is being prepared for 2018, as well as,
a.) The Supreme Council of universities
ments in the areas of dissemination of Academy and includes Ethical and follow-up to international indicators pro-
issued a decision to teach the “human
integrity and transparency, awareness professional values including the pose recommendations for improving
rights and anti-corruption” approach
of the dangers of corruption, ways to fight against corruption and teach- Egypt’s classification of those indicators
from Semester II for the academic
14 NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY 15
3. Preparation of a study on abuse of State of National experts emanating from The with the State of Papua New Guinea. in December 2017, all Arab countries
property across the country coordinated National Coordinating Sub-Committee Coordination with the Technical agreed with Egypt’s view that the UN con-
with several officials of the ministries for the Prevention and control of cor- Secretariat of the United Nations has vention should be reviewed only to ra-
whose territory has been infringed, and ruption, chaired by the Administrative been made on all logistical arrange- tionalize expenditures and efforts. That
the Ministries of Defense and the Interior Control Authority and the members ments for the review to highlight best practices in preventing and com-
to establish a mechanism to remove the of the Ministries of Justice and Foreign Egypt’s efforts to operationalize the bating corruption should be exchanged
infringement. Several actions were car- Affairs, and law enforcement (judicial/ implementation of the Convention. through the holding of meetings at the
ried out by the State Land Restitution security), to carry out the review process League of Arab States between anti-cor-
d.) Several meetings of the Committee of
Committee in accordance with the United Nations ruption agencies.
National experts to respond to the self-
Convention against Corruption working
4. The preparation by the law enforce- assessment checklist for the second 4. The exchange of experiences and visits
procedure.
ment agencies, in cooperation with the review cycle. In August 2017 they were with counterpart anti-corruption agen-
Technical secretariat of the Permanent 2. Implementation by Egypt of the mecha- sent to the Technical Secretariat of the cies by law enforcement agencies and
National Committee, on the periodic nism for the review of the United Nations United Nations to meet Egypt’s inter- enhanced cooperation with the United
review mechanism before the United Convention against Corruption the most national obligations with regard to the Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Nations Human Rights Council- of a vol- prominent practices in fulfilling Egypt’s implementation of the United Nations (UNODC), and the Organization for
untary half-term report issued by that international obligations were as follows: Convention against Corruption. This is Economic Cooperation and Development
Committee. Particularly, the section on in order to publicize Egypt’s efforts in (OECD)
a.) Three states were reviewed by Egypt
Egypt’s efforts in the fight against corrup- the field of preventing and combating
during the first review session of the 5. Several training courses have been held
tion and its prevention. corruption and the existence of politi-
United Nations, where Burundi was in cooperation with relevant internation-
cal will in support of law enforcement
5. The Ministry of Social Solidarity has reviewed with the participation of al bodies to take advantage of the most
agencies in the implementation of an-
signed several protocols with the Venezuela. The review of Lithuania important international practices in the
ti-corruption policies. So, Egypt would
Ministry of Planning/Interior/tax/Supply with the participation of Russia, and areas of preventing and combating cor-
be the first Arab and African country
authority to exchange information on the the Philippine review with the par- ruption and implementing the anti-cor-
to receive its review list, and voted to
beneficiaries of the Takaful and Karama ticipation of Bangladesh, law en- ruption strategy.
organize the nineteenth Conference
Program for conditional cash support for forcement actors participated in the
of the States parties in 2021. 6. Training of the cadres of the preven-
the poorest groups. reviews.
tion and anti-corruption agencies with
e.) The Authority signed a memoran-
6. Participation of law enforcement agen- b.) During 2015, Egypt’s initial review of 25 African States for 265 trainees in co-
dum of understanding with the
cies in several training courses con- chapters III-criminalization and law ordination with the Egyptian Agency for
United Nations Office on Crime on
ducted in the units of the State admin- enforcement-and IV-International co- Partnership for Development for the
the margins of the Conference of the
istrative apparatus for training in the operation-was successfully conducted Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
States Parties to the United Nations
anti-corruption and prevention systems by the reviewing States of Algeria and
Convention against Corruption, held 7. Representation of Egypt in international
in force, most notably the Ministries of Burkina Faso. Coordinated was estab-
in September 2017 in Vienna, to iden- meetings (United Nations/European
Youth and Sports/Foreign Affairs/Local lished with the United Nations Office
tify successful best practices in pre- Partnership/African Mechanism/League
Development. on Drugs and Crime to discourage all
venting and combating corruption, of Arab States). It should be noted that
office work. The Qatari visit to Egypt
exchanging experiences and holding the secretariat of the United Nations
Ninth Objective: Strengthen regional and and the United Nations has published
Training courses. technical Secretary has included in one
international cooperation in the fight the Compendium of the outcome of
against corruption: of its international agenda the National
the review on its website. 3. The law enforcement agencies partici-
Anti-corruption strategy in Egypt from
1. On 15/5/2014, the Cabinet decided to pated in the conferences of the States
c.) As at 16/6/2017, the result of the draw successful practices. As the Egyptian
approve the Administrative Control parties and the open-ended governmen-
for the second review cycle of chap- Government has notified the Secretary-
Authority as the official representative tal groups emanating therefrom in order
ters II--Preventive measures--and V. General of the United Nations that the
body of the Arab Republic of Egypt to to fulfil Egypt’s regional commitments to
Asset recovery--that Egypt would be Administrative Control Authority is the
the United Nations in the implementa- the Arab Convention against Corruption
reviewed by the States of Lesotho competent authority that can assist oth-
tion of article 6, paragraph 36, of the to participate in all the activities of the
and Serbia. Egypt has reviewed the er States parties in the development and
UN Convention. The Chairman of the League of Arab States. During the sec-
kingdom of Eswatini in partnership implementation of measures to prevent
Commission established the Committee ond Conference of States Parties held
16 NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY 17
corruption. Anti-corruption bodies (AAACA) for the the proceeds of corruption offences. and the improvement of public services:
preparation of their General Assembly, 1. Despite the promulgation of the Civil
8. Hosting of the Conference of the States
which was held in April 2018 in Dakar, Tenth Objective: Participation of civil Service Act and its implementing regula-
Parties of the International anti-Cor- society organizations in the fight against
Senegal. The Administrative Control tions, the various job schedules received
ruption Academy, Vienna, sixth session, corruption:
Authority is a representative of Egypt and by the end of the law have not been
Sharm el-Sheikh, 2-4 October 2017. A
the North African region of the Council. 1. Promulgation of the Law on the organi- activated.
memorandum of understanding was
zation of work of associations and insti-
signed between the Commission and the 13. Participating in the activities of the 2. The modest number of public services
tutions working in the field of civil work,
International Anti-Corruption Academy Arab Organization for Administrative that have been created compared to the
which requires them to publish their
in Vienna, and another memorandum of Development of the League of Arab total services provided to citizens
budgets on their websites in order to
understanding with the United Nations States. Review of Egypt’s efforts in the
achieve transparency and integrity. 3. Failure to adopt an integrated system for
to promote cooperation to engage in field of preventing and combating cor-
joint projects. With a view to prevent- ruption, most recent of which during 2. A higher Committee for civil Action the exchange of information between
ing and combating corruption, providing February 2018, attended the Arab Forum Organizations has been formed and a to- government agencies electronically and
training for human cadres and encourag- to integrate the principles of anti-corrup- tal of 436 rural leaders have been select- the second cooperation protocols.
ing the preparation of various research tion and management and to review the ed in the Republic to activate their role. Second Objective: To establish the prin-
to provide serious and innovative solu- experience of Egypt in this regard. Workshops have been held for some civil ciples of transparency and integrity in all
tions to combat corruption in its various society organizations to raise awareness components of the administrative system:
14. Follow-up by law enforcement agencies
forms. of the dangers of corruption at the level 1. Despite the promulgation of Law No.
on the preparation of the report of the
of the country’s governorates and to cre- 106 of 2013 on the prohibition against
9. Participation in the seventh session of African Peer Review Mechanism. In the
ate a positive role for citizens to curb the opposing the interests of officials in the
the Conference of the States Parties light of the voluntary submission to Egypt
phenomenon. State, its implementing regulations have
to the United Nations Convention which is carried out by the Mechanism’s
not been promulgated in order to enable
against Corruption in Vienna from 6-10 Committee of Eminent Persons. 3. The adoption of a code of conduct
it to be activated or repealed and its con-
November 2017, and the statement of for workers in associations and civil
15. The Administrative Control Authority, the tent incorporated into the existing laws,
Egypt in furtherance of Egypt’s interna- institutions and their dissemination
Public Prosecution Service, anti-money- such as the law on illegal profits.
tional participation in the field of pre- countrywide
laundering and terrorism financing Unit
venting and combating corruption. 2. Non-completion of establishing websites
to sign memorandums of understanding 4. The Administrative Control Authority, in
for all government agencies and linking
10. Participation in the meetings of the Open- with the United Nations Office on Drugs coordination with the Ministry of Social
them and adding the services that they
ended Committee of Governmental and Crime to identify successful best Solidarity, should conduct training cours-
provide to citizens, and how citizens re-
Experts of the League of Arab States, practices in preventing and combating es for some civil society organizations
ceive the service and its duration and the
emanating from the Conference of the corruption, exchanging experiences and
5. Coordination with the Egyptian corresponding planned for that service.
States Parties to the Arab Convention holding training courses.
against Corruption, to discuss and ap- Association of Young Businessmen, a
3. Failure of oversight bodies to publish re-
16. The anti-money-laundering and Terrorist civil society organization and some inter-
prove a draft Arab indicative guide for ports on the results of their work
Financing unit directs technical assis- national companies, holding workshops
the restitution and disposition of proper-
tance to several Arab and African coun- and finalizing the guidance manual for
ty. The participation of the Egyptian del- Third Objective: Enact and update
tries to enable them to join the Egmont the Code of Ethics and professional
egation in the meeting Second session legislation in support of anti-corruption:
group. conduct for employees of private sec-
of the Conference of the States Parties 1. Despite the promulgation of several leg-
to the Arab Convention in Cairo from 5-6 tor companies, and is in the process of
17. The Public Prosecutor’s Office has con- islation and amendments to some other
December 2017. issuance.
cluded several agreements with its coun- legislation, no law has been passed to
terparts in various States to overcome protect witnesses, whistle-blowers, vic-
11. Law enforcement agencies conclude
obstacles to asset recovery in corruption Fourth: The main challenges that tims and experts, free circulation of in-
memorandums of understanding with
cases. emerged during the implementation of formation, legislation regulating special
their peers in many states in the fight
against corruption and money-launder- 18. The National Commission for Assets, the first phase of the strategy: funds and Accounts. The Law on inter-
ing offences. asset and assets abroad to recover an national judicial cooperation in criminal
First Objective: to improve the matters, further amendments to the
amount of 8 billion Egyptian pounds from performance of the government bodies
12. Hosting the Executive Council of African
18 NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY 19Code of Criminal Procedure. 3. Modest funding for the development State administrative apparatus/modest 4. The emergence of challenges in activat-
of awareness-raising campaigns on the technological structure of the system ing and enforcing the law governing the
2. Review and refinement of ministerial de-
dangers of corruption. of Judicial procedures /modest funding work of NGOs and civil society organiza-
cisions and regulations for the work of
needed to carry out media campaigns. tions. This was one of the topics raised
each ministry
Eighth Objective: To strengthen domestic The problem will be overcome through during the World Youth Forum 2018.
cooperation in the fight against corruption cooperation and funding of local and Where it was decided to hold a com-
Fourth Objective: Develop judicial international organizations supporting munity dialogue in coordination with all
procedures for the achievement of No recent mechanisms for coordination and
exchange of information have been devel- anti-corruption such as (Misr El Khair relevant ministries to take appropriate
prompt justice:
oped between anti-corruption stakeholders Foundation / Orman Association / Youth measures to amend certain provisions of
The technological structure of the system of Business Association - Local level - and the law so as to allow for the active par-
judicial procedures is modest owing to the Ninth Objective: Strengthen regional and African Development Bank / European ticipation of civil society organizations
limited financial resources allocated to it. international cooperation in the fight
Union / UNODC / UNDP / World Bank - in all aspects, including the fight against
against corruption:
international level). corruption.
Fifth Objective: Support of entities There are no challenges and all target poli-
involved in the fight against corruption: cies have been well implemented. 2. Some laws need to be studied more
The failure of law enforcement agencies to carefully so as to produce an update of
Tenth Objective. Participation of civil the national dimension in accordance
amend the laws of regulatory bodies and society organizations in the fight against
regulate their functioning and modernize with Egyptian legislation and laws, as
corruption:
their organizational structures. well as, the international dimension to
1. Modest numbers of NGOs and civil so- be consistent with the international con-
Sixth Objective: Improve the standard of ciety organizations involved in the fight ventions and treaties ratified by Egypt as
living of citizens and achieve social justice against corruption follows: (Law banning conflict of inter-
Following up on the implementation of the 2. The presence of a large number of ests of State officials/witness protection
plan’s objectives and policies, the goal of Private associations and institutions, and law, Whistle-blowers, victims, experts/
improving the standard of living of citizens civil society organizations not registered Freedom of Information Act/incomplete
and achieving social justice is a goal that is in the Ministry of Social Solidarity and amendment of the laws of some law
implemented by government service units the General Federation of Associations enforcement agencies regulating their
and included in the priorities of the State. and private institutions. Some of these work and modification of their organiza-
Sociologists and Administration have re- issue reports to international institu- tional structures).
ported that it is difficult to include as a target tions and organizations concerned with 3. Challenges that need more effort and
within a strategic plan to combat Corruption the production of indicators to measure coordination to implement them due to
so it was deleted from strategic objectives the performance of Egypt and negatively overlap the responsibility of implement-
2019/2022 affect the efforts made in that field and ing them among many of the authori-
Seventh Objective: Raise public awareness the classification of Egypt with those ties as follows: (the failure to adopt an
of the seriousness of corruption and the indicators. integrated system for the exchange of
importance of combating it and building information between government agen-
citizens ‘ trust in State institutions:
cies electronically and this problem is
Fifth: The reasons for not implementing
1. Despite the efforts made in the area of gradually remedied. Where the data
some of the operational procedures
awareness-raising, it needs more effort of the ministries of Supply, health, and
for the objectives of the 2014-2018
to become a societal culture of rejection social solidarity were linked in a unified
Strategy and ways to overcome them:
of corruption. database to purify the ration cards and
1. Some procedures need to provide addi- ensure access to those who deserve it /
2. Lack of communication with media pro- tional financial support for their imple- citizens‘ awareness of the risks of cor-
fessionals and journalists to familiarize mentation as follows: (schedule of posts ruption to become a community culture/
them with the efforts made in the field of and financial grades in the Civil Service failure to establish modern mechanisms
preventing corruption and only deploy- Law/modest number of services that for the exchange of information between
ing anti-corruption efforts. have been configured/incomplete estab- the anti-corruption authorities.
lishment of websites for all units of the
20 NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY 21STRATEGY PREPARATION METHODOLOGY
Method of building the National anti- Strategy Building Mechanisms:
corruption strategy: 1. Effective participation of all stakeholders
The plan to build the national strategy in the building of a united anti-corrup-
for combating and preventing corruption tion front.
has been adopted to identify its real caus-
es and to examine the challenges arising 2. Development of Labour systems to pre-
from the implementation of the first phase vent and combat corruption.
of the strategy. The development of objec- 3. To operationalize anti-corruption mech-
tives, operational procedures, programs and anisms to include (rationalization of or-
mechanisms that promote the principles of ganizational structures/human resource
transparency, integrity and accountability development/application of principles of
without courtesy or discrimination, and con- transparency and integrity/activation of
tributes to the prevention and fight against it functional recycling
through the concerted efforts of all the par-
ties of the National anti-corruption system 4. Setting the immediate/medium-term
and to define their respective roles. goals with the possibility of achieving a
specific target that is not contrary to oth-
Fundamentals of Building the Strategy: er objectives.
1. Monitoring of the most important mani- 5. To provide all the resources (human/ma-
festations of corruption and the chal- terial) necessary for the implementation
lenges arising from the implementation of the strategy.
of the first phase of the strategy.
6. Distribution of tasks and responsibilities
2. Accurate identification of objectives, tak- in the light of the strategic axes.
ing into account their achievement in the
short and medium term. 7. Develop alternative mechanisms where
necessary to achieve the necessary flex-
3. Define the operational procedures to ibility to address any variables that may
be followed to achieve the objectives be encountered in the implementation
and address the phenomena causing of the strategy.
corruption.
8. Consider the results of the national in-
4. Identification of the programs and ac-
dicator for measuring local corruption
tivities required for active participation
perceptions in the preparation of opera-
in the prevention of corruption by all
tional procedures for the strategy.
relevant stakeholders, foremost among
which are the regulatory bodies, law 9. Develop national indicators to follow up
enforcement, government agencies and on the implementation of the strategy.
civil society organizations.
5. To develop mechanisms for the im-
plementation of the National Anti-
corruption plan following a thorough
diagnosis of the problem of corruption,
to identify its causes and to examine
the challenges of implementing the first
phase of the strategy.
22 NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY 23THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STRATEGY vention and combating of corruption in order to play effective roles. Most notably the devel-
opment of the strategy as a national target for society, defining the roles of all elements of
the control system and developing a coherent mechanism to implement those roles, consid-
Principles on which the strategy was based: ering the clarity of tasks and responsibilities for implementation participants. In preparing
a.) The principle of the rule of law and the separation of state powers. the strategy, the participation of all stakeholders was taken into account as follows:
b.) Commitment and political will. This includes the three branches of the state, legisla- a.) National Coordinating Committee for the Prevention and combating of Corruption
tive, executive and judicial, which are aware of the importance of a society free of and the subcommittee emanating therefrom.
corruption and work together to ensure the implementation of the second phase of
b.) The House of Representatives and the local people’s councils in the different
the strategy.
governorates.
c.) Full commitment to cooperation and coordination among all stakeholders, the
c.) Government (Ministries / Governorates / Universities / Authorities / Agencies) and
Government, the private sector and civil society to ensure the unity and coherence of
public business units.
the implementation of anti-corruption policies.
d.) Anti-corruption and law enforcement (Oversight, Security and Judicial) agencies.
d.) The governance principle to be applied by the Government in pursuing the principles
of transparency, fairness, efficiency, effectiveness, accountability and accounting, and e.) Supervisory authorities for financial institutions, banking units and non-bank financial
establishing clear and effective procedures to achieve established goals that are ca- institutions (central Bank of Egypt, Financial Supervisory authority).
pable and flexible in responding to social needs.
f.) National councils, Universities and Specialized research institutes.
e.) Respect for human rights and equality of all citizens before the law.
g.) Media and Press Organizations.
f.) F. The principle of accountability whereby State authorities are responsible for car-
rying out their duties in implementing the Strategy and action plan and ensuring its h.) Civil society organizations
effectiveness. i.) Religious institutions.
g.) Prevention and early intervention whereby corruption is besieged and eliminated in
a timely manner.
h.) The principle of effectiveness in the fight against corruption, which is based on ongo-
ing monitoring and evaluation of anti-corruption efforts, with a view to limiting short-
comings in a timely manner and taking appropriate measures to remedy them.
i.) Priority for the public interest so that representatives of institutions and public au-
thorities have a duty to take them into account and put it before any other interest in
the discharge of their duties, and they must refrain from any action detrimental to the
public interest and public funds.
j.) Principles of transparency and public-private partnership that consider the impor-
tance of the cooperation of civil society and business councils in concrete and real
activities aimed at preventing corruption.
Duration of the strategy:
The strategy lasts for 4 years from January 2019 until the end of December 2022.
Agencies participating in implementation:
There is no doubt that the achievement of the proposed objectives and actions to combat
corruption and reduce its impact requires a lot of effort from all sides of the control system.
It also requires that those efforts be carried out in an integrative framework, so that they
are better able to meet the various challenges that may impede their success. The foregoing
highlights the importance of the National Coordinating/ Subsidiary Committee for the Pre-
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