Non Type Certified Aircraft (NTCA) - The utilization of in South Africa Industry meeting 31 March 2015 - sacaa
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Industry meeting 31 March 2015
The utilization of
Non Type Certified Aircraft (NTCA)
in South Africa
Thabo Fisha
SACAA
Acting General Manager
ASO
WELCOME
SACAA would like to take this opportunity to welcome
everybody present.
Today’s focus is to address issues and questions regarding Non Type Certified aircraft.
The SACAA will do its best to explain and answer
most of the questions and issues pertaining to the matter
We kindly request that all questions be held until
the end of the presentation.
Non type certificate holders using their aircraft
for training and/or commercial gain
• Historically NTCA comprised of a very small portion of aviation in
Southern Africa, this segment has however grown exponentially, and
has become a fully-fledged industry in its own right.
• Aviation is currently faced with numerous threats in the form of
economic challenges and growing costs on a worldwide basis
• Whilst many areas of aviation have witnessed massive declines in
growth, NTCA has to a certain extent done the opposite.
• NTCA has always provided an avenue for technological
advancements
• Today the NTCA industry offers more opportunities than ever before
and has the potential to promote a healthy aviation industry
• It is therefore our duty to protect and encourage the continuous
growth and development of NTCA, which may in turn encourage new
business opportunities, skills development and job creation.
Non type certificate holders using their aircraft for training and/or commercial gain, continued • In the extreme, we find: Micro light’s, gyroplanes, gliders, light sport aircraft, home built experimental aircraft that may be of one’s own design off a plan or from a kit, production build or assembled aircraft, the restoration and preservation of historical vintage and veteran aircraft, hot air balloons or airship’s, war-birds and finally older certified aircraft that are restored and kept flying through NTCA programs to preserve the heritage of many older aircraft that no longer meet today’s certification standards. • All these aircraft are commonly referred to as NTCA or experimental aircraft, but it must be pointed out that there are a different array of requirements which would apply in terms of piloting and maintenance.
Non type certificate holders using their aircraft for training and/or commercial gain, continued • Even though the majority of NTCA are built or restored to use for sport and recreational purposes, many of these aircraft are being used for pilot training, scenic flights and entry level commercial operations. • In order to promote and manage safety it is in these areas where the application of stricter rules apply in terms of airworthiness and maintenance. • It must however be pointed out that an experimental aircraft designed and constructed in an enthusiasts’ garage or hangar, may not meet or be required to subscribe to the same rules as production/type certified aircraft.
Challenges that are experienced in the NTCA environment
• Challenges to aviation are numerous and often more so to
NTCA, however the whole purpose of NTCA is to allow for
simplified and more cost efficient methods of building or
restoring, maintaining and flying an assortment of aircraft -
be it for recreation or commercial operations.
• Whilst it is understood and agreed that safety standards
are paramount, this requires a pragmatic approach with
practical and sensible regulations and standards.
• In a large number of cases, the regulations are
misinterpreted and the basic rules not followed.
• This happened from both the industry side and in recent
years from SACAA’s side.
Safety
• Safety matters will be focused on the man and the training
standards, and more on compliance of basic regulations with
regards to NTCA.
• This will create a positive effect on compliance and safety, which
in turn will impact positively on economic factors..
Industry growth of NTCA
• It is fairly clear that we all have an obligation to support and
encourage growth and development in our industry and our
country, whilst promoting safety simultaneously.
• This means that if NTCA provides the potential to become one of
the largest growth areas in aviation, we have a duty to ensure its
wellbeing.
• As NTCA are often more Fuel efficient and economically viable
than its certified counterparts, it will ensure a healthy growth and
sustainable industry.
• NTCA could provide a platform as a feeder mechanism to the
larger industry.
• We are all aware that there are shortages of various skills in
aviation worldwide.
Potential growth in specialized skills (Job Creation)
• NTCA can provide for many growth areas in skills development
and job creation such as engineering, specialized technical
skills, design, repair and maintenance personnel, manufacturing,
administration, pilots and instructor’s, who in turn will often
progress and feed into the larger certified environment.
• NTCA also provides ambassadors in sport and competition
locally and internationally.
• NTC aircraft can be used safely and economically in numerous
roles to support other industries and commercial non-passenger
operations in the areas of nature conservation, anti-poaching,
security, community policing, aerial surveys and photography,
firefighting, agriculture, research and humanitarian roles.
• NTC aircraft can further be used in the flight training
environment and even the recreational flipping arena, which in
turn presents an enormous tourism potential.
• All these areas of commercial operations require support roles
which creates further skills and jobs.
International research (International best Practice)
During the last couple of months SACAA has been doing
a lot of research, both in the industry in South Africa
and Internationally.
The countries with the most similar aviation conditions and the
vast spaces similar to that found in South Africa is
Australia and New Zealand.
Australia
CASA training
New Zealand
ICAO AFM
ICAO Night Instruments Annex 6 Part1
ICAO Night instruments Annex6 Part2All aircraft in South Africa that is manufactured or
imported that does not qualify for the issue of a
certificate of airworthiness in terms of Part 21 has
become a big part of aviation and is very important to
the growth and future of the industry.
These Aircraft are called “NTCA”
These aircraft are currently split into the
following segments:
(a) Amateur-built aircraft;
(b) Production-built aircraft;
(c) Veteran aircraft;
(d) Ex-military aircraft;
(e) Any other aircraft not qualifying, or no
longer qualifying for the issue of a certificate
of in terms of Part 21 of these Regulations.Matrix
Category Operating rules (Limitations) Type of Operation Flight Training
Part 61 Part 62
As per AFM Day/VFR Owner training for purpose of (National Pilots Licence)
As Per ATF (Authority to fly) Conversion Training only
No hire/reward
Private use only
Amateur-built Aircraft
Warning on instrument panel
for pasengers
AS per AFM Day/night***/VFR Ab-initio training National Pilots Licence
As Per ATF (Authority to fly) Convertions to type
Hire & fly (under Part 141) Hour building
Flight Training (Under Part 141) Night Rating ***
Production-built Aircraft
Commercial use (Cropsparaying;
Surveying)
Warning on instrument panel
for pasengers
As Per ATF (Authority to fly) Day/VFR Owner training only None
Flipping (Under AOC Part 135) (Conversion Training)
Warning on instrument panel
for pasengers
Ex-military Aircraft
As Per ATF (Authority to fly) Day/night***/VFR Owner training only Owner training only
Flipping (case by case Ab-initio) (National Pilots Licence)
Warning on instrument panel & Conversion training
for pasengers Conversion Training
Veteran Aircraft
Any other aircraft not
qualifying, or no longer
qualifying for the issue of a
certificate of airworthyness in
_____ _____ _____ _____
terms of Part 21 of these
regulations
*** Aircraft complies with all the nesccesary Instrumentation and AFM is approved for night flight, and is handled on a case by case basis by Part 141 Flight inspectors for training authority to fly.Proposed changes
(1) Amateur-built aircraft;
(2) Production-built aircraft;
(a)LSA (Light Sport Aircraft
(b)VLA / VLR (Very Light Aircraft / Rotorcraft
(c) Microlights (≤ 450 Kg MAUW)
(c) Veteran aircraft;
(d) Ex-military aircraft;
(e) Any other aircraft not qualifying, or no longer qualifying
for the issue of a certificate of airworthiness in terms of
Part 21 of these Regulations.
(e) Exhibition: Aircraft used for sole purpose of aerobatics
and display flyingAmateur Built Aircraft
Amateur built aircraft is defined as an
‘aircraft of which the majority thereof is built
by an amateur, or a non-profit association of
amateurs, for their own purposes and
without any commercial objective’.
Production-built / Factory built NTCA
Where the aircraft is a production-built aircraft which has
not been previously issued with an authority to fly or
similar certificate by an appropriate authority, it was
manufactured or assembled by a facility designated by
the Director in terms of regulation 24.03.1. An application
for the approval of a manufacturing or assembling facility
shall meet those provisions of Part 148, which the
Director considers to be applicable.So … What is my NTCA allowed to do? Question to ask yourself include: 1.) What does my POH / AFM (Authorized Flight manual) allow? *If your AFM states – DAY VFR ONLY You can only fly in VMC by day ONLY *If your AFM States – Day/Night VFR You can fly by day and night in VMC ICAO ANNEX1 AFM CAR 91.03.2 2.) What does my engine manual allow? Example: Rotax 912 series (Un-certified): • No aerobatics/ inverted flight • Day VFR Only unless the engine is compliant with relevant ASTM for night operation.
Remember – Your AFM (Authorised Flight Manual)
must be adhered to and operation of your aircraft
must always be in accordance thereof
CAR 91.03.2
Next step
What does my ATF (Authority to fly) allow?
• Only valid for flight in South African Airspace
• Unless Authorised by applicable State authority
• Car 24.02.7SOUTH AFRICAN CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
CAR24L
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
AUTHORITY TO FLY CERTIFICATE NO : J15/ZU-ABC
1. Nationality and 2. Manufacturer and manufacturer designation of aircraft 3. Aircraft serial
registration number
marks MANUFACTURER
1234
ZU-ABC TYPE
4. Categories : COMMERCIAL
5. This aircraft does not meet with the comprehensive requirements of the International Civil Aviation, dated 7
December 1944. The authority to fly is issued in terms of the Aviation Act, 1962 (Act 74 of 1962), as
amended, and the Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, in respect of the above-mentioned aircraft which is
considered to be airworthy when maintained and operated in accordance with the foregoing and the pertinent
operating limitations, and airworthiness code as provided by Part 24 and Part 96 of the Civil Aviation
Regulations, 2011.
6. Special conditions : SEE REVERSE SIDE
7. Expiry Date : ANNUALLY
Date of issue : TODAY
...........................................…………………
DIRECTOR OF CIVIL AVIATION
SOUTH AFRICAN CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY CAR24L
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
AUTHORITY TO FLY CERTIFICATE NO : J15/ ZUABC
1. Nationality and 2. Manufacturer and manufacturer designation of aircraft 3. Aircraft serial
registration number
marks MANUFACTURER
ZU-ABC TYPE 1234
4. Categories : COMMERCIAL
5. This aircraft does not meet the comprehensive requirements of the International Civil Aviation, dated 7
December 1944.The authority to fly is issued in terms of the Aviation Act, 1962 (Act 74 of 1962), as
amended, and the Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, in respect of the above-mentioned aircraft which is
considered to be airworthy when maintained and operated in accordance with the foregoing and the pertinent
operating limitations, and airworthiness code as provided by Part 24 and Part 96 of the Civil Aviation
Regulations , 2011.
6. Special conditions : SEE REVERSE SIDE
7. Expiry Date : ANNUALLY
Date of issue : TODAYSPECIAL CONDITIONS OF AUTHORITY TO FLY
1 This aircraft is restricted to the Air Service Licensing Act of 1990 and
the Air Operators Certificate issued for commercial operations.
2 No person may operate the aircraft described :
(i) except in accordance with the applicable Regulations and in
accordance with the conditions and limitations which may be
prescribed by the Commissioner as part of the Certificate;
(ii) over any foreign country without the special permission of the
authority of that country;
(iii) except in terms of the Part 96 Operations Manual;
(iv) except in terms of Part 94 when not engage in commercial
activity;
(v) if the ownership is changed;
(vi) if the aircraft was involved in an incident or accident.
SPECIAL CONDITIONS OF AUTHORITY TO FLY
1 This aircraft is restricted to the Air Service Licensing Act of 1990 and
the Air Operators Certificate issued for commercial operations.
2 No person may operate the aircraft described :
(i) except in accordance with the applicable Regulations and in
accordance with the conditions and limitations which may be
prescribed by the Commissioner as part of the Certificate;
(ii) over any foreign country without the special permission of the
authority of that country;
(iii) except in terms of the Part 96 Operations Manual;
(iv) except in terms of Part 94 when not engage in commercial
activity;
(v) if the ownership is changed;
(vi) if the aircraft was involved in an accident or incident.What if my AFM (Approved Flight Manual) Says Day VFR Only
BUT
My ATF (Authority to Fly) Says operation day and night.
Can I fly at night?
The answer is NO.
Aircraft flight manual
91.03.2 (1) The owner or operator of an aircraft shall keep an approved AFM
for each aircraft of which he or she
is the owner or operator and shall keep such manual
current with amendments and implement changes
issued by an appropriate authority.
(2) The flight crew members of the aircraft shall, on each flight,
(3) operate such aircraft in accordance with the AFM,
(4) unless an unforeseen emergency dictates otherwise.Avionics/ Instrumentation required for Night/ IF flight To comply with ICAO annex 6 changes will be implemented to SACARS Part 91 for instrumentation required for night flight. ICAO Annex 6 part 1 (2.4.7) ICAO Annex 6 part 2 (6.9)
Amateur built Aircraft: Amateur Built aircraft world wide is seen as recreational, and shall not be permitted to do any Part 61 (PPL - ATPL) training flights. Only conversion onto aircraft will be allowed for the registered owner ONLY. Amateur Built Aircraft are allowed to do private VFR flights by day ONLY.
Training under Part 141 Approved Factory Built/ Production Built Non Type Certified Aircraft If your aircraft has been issued with an Flight training authority to fly does not mean that you can just take it anywhere and do training on it. The Aviation Training Organization (ATO) must fill in an Application form CA141-27 (APPLICATION FOR INCLUSION OF AIRCRAFT ON ATO/AOC). Attach the following documentation: 1. Radio License 2. Certificate of Registration 3. Authority to fly (Training authority to fly) 4. Certificate of Release 5. Lease Agreement 6. Insurance cover (R1m per seat and full third party) This will incur a fee per aircraft added on the School’s OPSPEC.
Accidents
Accidents 2014
NTCA vs Certified
Accidents
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
All Accidents 5 15 12 12 4 7 10 10 75
NTCA 3 7 5 7 1 5 5 3 36
Non NTCA 2 8 7 5 3 2 5 7 39
NTCA vs Non NTCA
9
8
7
6
5
Totals
4
3
2
1
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
NTCA 3 7 5 7 1 5 5 3
Non NTCA 2 8 7 5 3 2 5 7Conclusion • In conclusion NTCA has an enormous role to play in the future growth, stability and sustainability of aviation in Southern Africa, be it for sport and recreational purposes, or commercial applications. • It is our duty to recognize the benefits and importance of NTCA, to encourage, promote and nurture its continued development and sustainability and ensure a healthy industry into the future.
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