Noxious Weed Free Forage and Straw Program 2021 Training
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Noxious Weed Free
Forage and Straw
Program
2021 Training
Why do We Have a Weed Free Hay
Program?
• To limit the spread of noxious weeds
through forage, straw, or mulch onto public
lands
History of Idaho NWFFS Program • 1993 First Hay Certification Meeting held at ISDA
History of Idaho NWFFS Program • 1994 First Rules, 7-1-94 • 1995, first hay/straw inspections, ISDA administered program
Standing Ovation for: For the following four Weed Superintendents that were in on the ground floor, 1995, and still inspecting hay after 26 years!
Dave Humphreys
John Cenarussa
Terry Ruby
Reid Smith
History of Idaho NWFFS Program • 1995-1999, ISDA administers the program • 2000-2003 Idaho Crop Improvement manages the program • 2003 ISDA resumes administering the program
What is new in 2021?
NWFFS Rule updated in 2020,
cont’d
• Under Governor Little’s red tape reduction
act, the Noxious Weed Free Forage & Straw
Rules were combined with the Idaho Noxious
Weed Rule and Invasive Species Rule.
• https://adminrules.idaho.gov/rules/current/0
2/020609.pdfNWFFS Rule updated in 2020,
cont’d
• The NAISMA prohibited weeds are no longer
listed in the Rules, go to NAISMA website
• That way if NAISMA changes the list, we won’t
have to change our rules to reflect this.NWFFS Rule updated in 2020,
cont’d
• 02.06.09 –Rules Governing Invasive Species
and Noxious Weed
• Subchapter A-Invasive Species
• Subchapter B-Noxious Weeds
• Subchapter C-Noxious Weed Free Forage and
Straw CertificationNWFFS Rule updated in 2020,
cont’d
• It does not change how inspections are
conductedNAISMA participating States
2020 NWFF&S Participating Counties
2020 NWFF&S Statistics • 28,220 acres certified (2019: 24,574) • 99% of the acres certified to the North American Standard Breakdown of acres certified: • Alfalfa Hay (46%) • Grass Hay (12%) • Straw (42%)
2020 NWFF&S Statistics, cont’d • 84% of the alfalfa, straw, and grass hay acres were used for manufacturing of alfalfa cubes, pellets, twice compressed (mini) bales, and bagged straw.
2020 Top Acreage Counties
County 2020 NWFFS Acres Certified,
Forage/Straw
Butte 7,967
Jerome 6,234
Bonneville 4,216
Teton 2,679
Twin Falls 2,268
Bingham 1,099
Jefferson 845
Elmore 591
Custer 559
Idaho 2862021 NAISMA Twine Costs • 9600/170 $42 • 6500/210 *$34 • 6500/240 $37.50 • 4000/440 $43
Bale Tags, still 5 cents each Bale tags without a date have not been valid since 2013
Idaho NWFFS Standards • Two certifications are offered – NAISMA and Idaho • The difference between the NAISMA and Idaho certification are the weed list used during inspection
Weed lists
• There are 55 species on the NAISMA List
– For a copy of the list NAISMA see website at:
www.naisma.org or Idaho NWFFS Rules
– This list is comprised of a combination of several
state’s lists
• There are 52 terrestrial weeds on Idaho’s List
– See IDAPA 02.06.22 for listNWFFS Certification Steps
• Producer contacts County Weed Superintendent
several weeks prior to swathing
• Producer and County fill out Application Form*
• Producer will notify Weed Superintendent of
tentative swathing/harvest date
NOTE: An inspector may not inspect
fields of which said inspector has
ownership or financial interest!Field inspection cont’ COSTS: • A minimum of $30.00 per inspection shall be charged for up to 10 acres • $3 per acre greater than 10 acres, • Over 100 acres, the first 99 acres is $3 per acre, after that, it is $2 acre per acre.
Field Inspection minimum standards
• Inspect field(s) prior to harvest, however no sooner than 10
days prior to harvest
• Inspect field(s) for all 73 species of terrestrial weeds,
(NAISMA list- 55, plus Idaho’s terrestrial list-52)
– Issue certification for field(s) that meet NAISMA
standards
– Fields that contain NAISMA weeds but not Idaho weeds,
issue Idaho certificationField inspection cont’ • Minimum of 2 entry points per field • Minimum of 1 entry point per 10 acres • Each point of entry shall be at least 150 ft into field & each additional 150 ft traveled shall constitute an entry point • Travel shall be uninterrupted proceeding through the field being inspected • Entire border shall be walked or driven
Field inspection cont’
• Some patterns to follow in inspection
•Make sure you inspect
•Inspect surrounding ditches,
the wheel tracks
fence rows, roads, easements,
rights-of-way, or a buffer
zone around the fieldRemember • There can be noxious weeds in the field as long as the field was treated to prevent seed formation or seed ripening to the degree that there is no danger of dissemination of the seed, or any injurious portion thereof from such noxious weeds, or undesirable plant species, or the propagating parts of the plant are not capable of producing a new plant.
Remember • Noxious weed(s) or undesirable plant species can be treated no later than rosette to bud stage, or boot stage for grass species classified as weeds, prior to cutting or harvesting. Hoary alyssum Wild oat
Remember • Treatment method can include but is not limited to: 1) burning, 2) mowing, cutting or rouging, 3) mechanical methods, or 4) chemicals.
Virtual Field Inspection • What items should you have in your vehicle before arriving at the inspection field?
NAISMA and Idaho Noxious
Weed Comparison List
North American Standard, 53 Noxious Weeds Idaho Standard, 67 Noxious Weeds
1. Absinth wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)
1. Austrian fieldcress (Rorippa austriaca)
1. Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum) 1. Buffalobur, (Solanum rostratum)
1. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) 2. Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
1. Common burdock (Arctium minus)
1. Common crupina (Crupina vulgaris) 3. Common Crupina (Crupina vulgaris)
1. Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus)
1. Common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare)
1. Common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
1. Cutleaf teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus)
1. Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica) 4. Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica)
1. Dame’s rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
1. Diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) 5. Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa)
1. Dyers woad (Isatis tinctoria) 6. Dyer’s Woad (Isatis tinctoria)
1. Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) 7. Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
1. Field scabious (Knautia arvensis)
1. Henbane, Black (Hyoscyamus niger) 8. Henbane, Black (Hyoscyamus niger)
1. Hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana) 9. Hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana)
1. Hoary cress (Cardaria spp.) 10. Hoary cress (Whitetop) (Cardaria draba)
1. Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense)
1. Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale ) 11. Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale)
1. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) 12. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)
1. Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) 13. Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)
1. Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) 14. Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)
1. Meadow knapweed (Centaurea pratensis) 15. Meadow Knapweed (Centaurea debeauxii)
1. Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)
1. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) 16. Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans)
1. Orange hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum) 17. Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum)
1. Oxeye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) 18. Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)
1. Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) 19. Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium)
1. Perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) 20. Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis)
1. Plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides) 21. Plumeless Thistle (Carduus acanthoides)
1. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) 22. Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
1. Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) 23. Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris)
1. Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria ) 24. Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
1. Quackgrass (Agropyron repens)
1. Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) 25. Rush Skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea)
1. Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens) 26. Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens)
1. Scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata or
Tripleurospermum perforatum)Inspection Form
Weed Reference Books
GPS, Flagging Tape
Notebook, Camera
Virtual Field Inspection • Five (5) of the most commonly found prohibited weeds on the NAISMA/Idaho Standard list in Idaho
Virtual Field Inspection
• You enter the field (it is early June) and you
observe these plants in the pivot track, what Canada thistle
plant is it?
C036-05
Which list is it on? BothVirtual Field Inspection, Canada
thistle
• You observe more of these plants during
the inspection, however, they are all still in
the pre-bud stage. Based on this
observation (no other prohibited weeds
found) does the field pass or fail? Pass
• What should you discuss with the grower?
• That the field passed, however, the Canada
thistle (perennial) will be in the reproductive
stage (bud) on the next cutting(s) and the field
will probably not pass inspection, and how
they might control this noxious weedVirtual Field Inspection • You go to another field and observe the same plants (Canada thistle) , however, they are blooming (past bud stage). At this plant stage and widespread through out the field, will the field pass inspection? No
Virtual Field Inspection • You pull up to a field and you notice these plants, you know that they are a grass but not sure what kind?
Virtual Field Inspection • You identify it is an oat, however, you need to determine if it is Wild or Domestic oat
Virtual Field Inspection • Upon further inspection you notice that the plant has counter clockwise leaf twist and drooping panicles, you find less mature plants and dig up the seed, still attached to the roots
Virtual Field Inspection
Then you notice that the plant in question has
pubescence on the leaf blade which is an attribute of
Wild oat and not domestic oat
Oat: None
Wild Oat: BladeVirtual Field Inspection
• Wild oat are on what which list? NAISMA
• At this plant stage (past the boot) and
widespread through out the field, will the field
pass inspection?
Idaho Standard- yes
NAISMA-no
Certification Twine can’t be
used to mark balesVirtual Field Inspection • What is this plant? Field bindweed • At this plant stage and widespread , No will the field pass NAISMA Standard? • Idaho Standard? No
Virtual Field Inspection • If it was only on the perimeter of the field and it was prior to the bud stage, what would you do? • Tell the farmer that you could certify the field if they made 1-2 swaths around the perimeter and not certify those bales. And to control it immediately so it does not spread into the field
Virtual Field Inspection
• What plant is this? Houndstongue
• During your inspection, you observed a handful of these plants
growing in the harvestable area and all were still in the rosette
stage. Would the field pass or fail?
Pass, however, strongly suggest to the
the grower hand-pull and bag the plants
This plant is toxic (Pyrrolizidine
alkaloid) to animals at any
stage of growth, normally not
palatable to horses and cattle,
however, if cut and baled, it is
readily ate by livestock.Virtual Field Inspection • Your county has quackgrass on the ditchbanks so you are familiar with it and are always on the outlook for it when inspecting a field. You notice it in an alfalfa field you are inspecting.
Virtual Field Inspection
• Quackgrass is on what which list? NAISMA
• At this plant stage (past the boot) and
widespread through out the field, will the field
pass inspection?
Idaho Standard- yes
NAISMA-noField inspection suggestions • Take field glasses with you to look for things that are different • Check out ditches in the field, center pivot wheel tracks, dry spots, and other areas that could harbor weeds
Challenges
• ID of plants in drought or different areas
sometimes look differently than you are
accustomed to seeing them
• Commodity too tall or thick
• Can’t see every square inch of the field
• Heat of the day
• What is the • Jointed goat
plant on the grass
left side?Field inspection suggestions • If only part of the field is certified, make sure it is marked so that the producer knows what is certified and what is not. Certified bales need to be separated and stacked alone • Record your inspection path just in case a question arises later
What constitutes a separate
inspection?
• Different day
• Different forage type, ie. alfalfa, straw
• Different standardField inspection cont’
• Storage area shall also be inspected
and meet the standards
• It doesn’t do any good to
stack noxious weed free
hay on top of a patch of
noxious weedsField inspection suggestions • Get the producer involved from the beginning • Let them know what you will be inspecting for • If the field does not pass, provide with info for the next cutting and recommendations for treatment
Post Inspection
• Inspection Certificate
– Complete for every inspection
• Tags
– Apply to each bale in the field or prior to leaving
stack yard or storage area
• Twine
– May be used only for bales from fields certified as
NAISMA Weed Free Forage- only 1 tie required per bale
– No twine for Idaho list
• Transit CertificateInspection Paperwork • ISDA provides the following forms: – Application for Inspection – Inspection Certificate – Transit Certificate • Keep on file for a minimum of 3 years • To obtain, contact dan.safford@isda.idaho.gov or (208) 332-8592
Methods of Identifying NAISMA Bales • Bale tags • Purple/yellow twine. Only fields certified to NAISMA standards can use this twine.
Method of Identifying Idaho Standard Bale tags
Advantages of Bale Tags • Suitable for small quantities of bales. • Purchase only the amount of tags needed, 5 cents each • A transit certificate is not required for interstate shipments
Disadvantages of Bale Tags • Labor costs of attaching bale tags in the field or when the bales leave the growers property.
Advantages of NAISMA Twine • Grower avoids having to tag individual bales. • Only one strand of NAISMA twine per bale is required. • NAISMA twine costs slightly more than bale tags, however, you save time and money on attaching the tags
Disadvantages of NAISMA Twine • Unlike bale tags, NAISMA twine baled do not have any information attached to them to identify the grower. • Transit certificates must accompany interstate shipments.
Unknown plant specimens Send to Dr. Richard Old at : ericksonweedid@uidaho.edu
Agreements • IDAHO STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (ISDA) 2021 TRAINING AGREEMENT are posted at ISDA NWFFS website, please sign and scan/email or mail to me
NWFFS Website Goggle “ISDA Weed Free Hay”
NWFFS Website
Adios Amigos, after 28 years at ISDA, Dan is retiring March 1st
Many Thanks to Bannock County Weed and Pest Control
Many Thanks to Bonneville County
Weed ControlMany Thanks to Custer County Weed
ControlMany Thanks to Nez Perce Biocontrol
CenterMany Thanks to Lemhi County Weed
ControlMany Thanks to Twin Falls County
Weed and Pest ControlMany Thanks to Ada County Weed
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