Optical Fibre Enabling 5G and FTTx - Sudipta Bhaumik - STL Tech
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Optical Fibre
Enabling 5G and FTTx
Sudipta Bhaumik
Head – Applications and Standards Engineering
STL - Sterlite Technologies Limited
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited
Agenda
1 Data and OF/C Consumption Trends
2 Next Gen networks – Both 5G and FTTH will play a role in that space
3 Next Gen – One Fibre Network and High-Density Cables
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 2
Data Consumption Trends
Key Digital Transformers By 2022
26% More
Internet
More Faster
Devices & Broadband
Faster
Video
IP traffic growth rate (2017-22) Users Connections Speeds Viewing
46%
Mobile Data traffic growth rate (2017-22) 2017 3.4 18.0 39 75% of
Billion Billion Mbps Traffic
4.8 28.5 75.4 82% of
2022
Billion Billion Mbps Traffic
Gaming
82%
Exabytes per Month
(1%, 4%)
File Sharing
Internet traffic will be in form of Video (7%, 2%)
Web/Data
(17%, 12%)
29% IP VOD/ Managed
IP Video (20%, 11%)
IP Video traffic growth rate
Internet Video
(55%, 71%)
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 3
Unabated Growth in Demand of Optical Fiber
Optical fibre cable deployment
Increasing Deployment Speed
has outpaced the growth of
world economy by ~5x
5x
13.9
38 5 3 2 1.5
years
years years years years
1 Bn Fkm 2 Bn 3 Bn 4 Bn 5 Bn
1970 2008 2013 2016 2018
-2008 -2013 -2016 -2018 -2020
2.9
1.3
Population GDP Optical
(World Fibrer
economy) cable
World’s rate of deployment of 1Bn fkm cable has shrunk
20 years CAGR: 1997 to 2017 drastically from 38 years to less than 2 years
Source : CRU
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 4
Fiberization in India
• Around 1500 Mkm fibre need to be deployed to reach 1.3 fibre/Capita
• Deployment rate in India should reach 150 MFkm/year within next 5 years to achieve 1.3 Fkm/Capita by
2035
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 5
OFC Installation in 2021
North America China
Europe
16% 49%
13%
13%
APAC
*Other Regions 9% Excluding China
Region wise share of optical fibre cable installed in 2021
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 6
Single Mode Fibre (SMF) Mix
11%
G.657. A2 1%
10%
23%
G.657. A1 3%
20%
1%
G.652. A/B 7%
6%
63%
G.652. C/D 88%
25%
*Others – 1%, 2%
2021 2010
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 7
Covid has Significantly Accelerated this Journey
Study and Work from Home have become second nature
Subscriber Additions (Mn)
zoom isisnow worth more 5G
zoom now worth 12% of the Global mobile Traffic will be
than world’s
more 7 big airlines
than world’s 7 big on 5G by 2022, which would generate
airlines 21 GB traffic/month per connection
FTTH
By 2022, global fixed broadband
speeds will reach 75.4 Mbps, up from
39 Mbps in 2017.
5G and FTTH would play a pivotal role to
sustain the increased speed and data
consumption requirement
Source: Apptopia, IDC, Statista
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 8
Agenda
1 Data and OF/C Consumption Trends
2 Next Gen Networks- Both 5G and FTTH will play a role in that space
3 Next Gen – One Fibre Network and High-Density Cables
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 9
ITU-R Triangle And 4G vs 5G
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Parameters 4G 5G Enhancement
Gigabytes in a second
Latency 10 ms 1 ms 10 x
3D Videos, UHD
Screens
Smart Home/ Building Peak Data Rate 1 Gbps 20 Gbps 20 x
Work and Play in the
cloud
AR User 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 10 x
Voice Experienced
Data Rate
Industry Automation
Connection 10 5 10 6 10 x
Mission Critical Density devices / km2 devices / km2
Smart City
Application
Mobility 350 km / hr 500 km / hr 43%
Self Driving Car
Area Traffic 0.1 Mbps/m2 10 Mbps/m2 100 x
Massive Machine Type Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Capacity
Communications Communications
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 105G Frequency Bands
LOW BAND MID BAND HIGH BAND mmW Unlicense
d
700-2100 MHz 2600-3800 MHz 3800-7000 MHz 26 GHz 60 GHz
Backhaul/
3G, 4G and 5G Re-farmed “Real” 5G mobile (3.6GHz) and Fixed Wireless
Residential BB
Macro Macro and Small Mainly Small Cell / Micro Fixed /
Sites Cell/Micro Sites Sites Wireless
Low Bandwidth / Longer Reach / Good Penetration High Bandwidh / Shorter Reach / Bad Penetration
1.8 GHz ~ 22 dB loss
~ 20 dB loss
3.5 GHz
mmW ~50 dB loss
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 11Evolution Of PON Standards
ITU and IEEE PON Standards History Standard Started Deployment Begins
Standard Finished Deployment Ends
A/B-PON
622M/155M
G.983.x
G-PON
2.5G/1.25G
G.984.x
ITU
XG-PON
10G/2.5G
G.987.x
NG-PON2
4λ 10G/10G
G.989.x
XGS-PON
10G/10G
G.9807.x HS-PON
50G/25G
G.hsp.X
NG_EPON
25G/25G
802.3ca
10GE-PON
IEEE E-PON
10G/10G
802.3av
1G/1G
802.3ah
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 12PON Spectrum: Wavelength Evaluation © 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 13
A Converged Topology for FTT-5G
The Most Effective Approach V band
+ Sub 6GHz
FSO or E band
Fiber ring
FSO or E band
Residential
Enterprises
Small Cells
E band , Sub 6GHz
Or licensed microwave
Hospital
FSO or E band
V band
or Sub 6GHz
Fiber Cell Tower
Rural
14
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies LimitedShorter Range Of 5G- More Cells and More Fibres
Small Cell Requirements For Full 5G Commitment Indoor Fibre Infra For Large Building
10 Km
10 Km
10 Km
10 Km 10 Km 10 Km
1 Site 1 Site 1 Site
Every 10 KM Every 2 KM Every 0.5 KM
25x 10x
CELL DENSITY (Cell/ 100 Sq.Km.) CELL DENSITY (Cell/ 100 Sq.Km.) CELL DENSITY (Cell/ 100 Sq.Km.)
1 Cell 5x5= 25 CELLS ~250 CELLS
3G To 4G = At Least 25x Fibres Full Fibre Infrastructure
4G To 5G = At Least 10x Fibres Fibre To The Ceiling (FTTC)
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 15Example Of Converged Physical Layer
825 Fibre strands (incl. 20% extra for maintenance and future uncertainties)
EXAMPLE: Suburban area with 20,000 population per sq. km. density
Home Enterprises Small Cells
No. of Persons in a Household 4
Number of Enterprises 20 Street Length (km) 9
No. of Households 5000
Households that can afford 75 %
Market Share of an operator 50 % Distance between Poles (km) 0.1
Market Share of an operator 30 %
Scalable Bandwidth Differentiated
2 Gbps (Peak)
P2MP & High SLA P2P Services MIMO/
(XGPON,SGXPON, Ultra Low Latency - < (MPLS,MEN,OTN) For Mobility & mmwave
NGPON2)
1 ms Smart City
141 Strands 20 Strands 540 Strands
1125 Homes 10 Enterprises * 1 Pair of 90 Poles * 3 Pairs of
Fiber/Enterprise Fiber/Pole
8 Homes/GPON Port
Source: Sterlite Estimates
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 16Agenda
1 Data and OF/C Consumption Trends
2 Next Gen Networks- Both 5G and FTTH will paly a role in that space
3 Next Gen – One Fibre Network and High-Density Cables
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 17The Fiberization Challenges
+
A B
Attenuation Bend
Signal Decay Sensitivity
Signal Leakage
Source: GSMA, Canalys, Company & Industry Estimates
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 18“Recommended” Fibre Type in a Typical Network
Broadband Network CO
Gateways Cu
Core Router DSL
Metro Edge Wireless Access
Ethernet CO
Switch
FTTB
OLT
FTTH
Core Network Metro Network Access Network
G.652.D G.652.D G.652.D
G.655 G.655/ 656 G.657.A1/A2/B2/B3
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 19ITU-T G.652.D is the “Standard” fibre type today!
Common Fibre type across all network sections TODAY : ITU-T G.652.D compliant
Broadband Network CO
Gateways Cu
Core Router DSL
Metro Edge Wireless Access
Ethernet CO
Switch
FTTB
OLT
FTTH
Core Network Metro Network Access Network
G.652.D G.652.D G.652.D
G.655 G.655/ 656 G.657.A1/A2/B2/B3
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 20Bend Insensitive Fibre (BIF) is the Future
Common Fibre type across all network sections IN FUTURE : ITU-T G.657.A2 compliant
Broadband Network CO
Gateways Cu
Core Router DSL
Metro Edge Wireless Access
Ethernet CO
Switch
FTTB
OLT
FTTH
Core Network Metro Network Access Network
G.652.D G.657.A1/A2 G.652.D G.657.A2 G.652.D G.657.A2/B3
G.655 G.655/ 656 G.657.A1/A2/B2/B3
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 21Beginning of Life (BOL) optical link loss
Optical Loss Management
Beginning of Life (BOL ) Loss
Optical Fibre Fiber Splice Connector Bend Loss Incidental
Cable Drum Loss Loss Losses
Attenuation
Why link loss increases from BOL value?
Accidental/
BOL Optical Link Fiber Aging, Water Fiber Splice Loss
Unplanned Fiber
Loss Ingress
/Cable Cut
Bend Loss
Incidental
Losses
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 22What is Attenuation
Attenuation refers to signal
loss along the length of the
fibre.
Attenuation happens due to
absorption and scattering of
light signal inside the core
© 2020-2021 Sterlite Technologies Limited 23What is Bend Sensitivity
Bend Insensitive Fibre provide more than 10x reduced Macro Bend Loss
Microbend
Bend Performance Unsafe to use
G652.D vs G.657.A2 Under extreme
Macroben conditions
ds
Source: Sterlite Tech calculations
© 2020-2021 Sterlite Technologies Limited 24Accidental Bends in Real Life Scenarios
Abuse In Optical Fibre
Ideal Condition
25Most Common Origin Of Optical Loss
Bend loss before & after rectification Bend loss before & after rectification
1.400 3.000
1.169 2.464 2.480
1.200 2.500 2.218
0.934
1.000
2.000
0.800 0.713
1.500
0.600
1.000
0.400
0.200 0.104 0.500
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
1310 nm 1550 nm 1625 nm 1310 nm 1550 nm 1625 nm
F 04 F13
Loss before rectification (dB) Loss after rectification (dB) Loss before rectification (dB) Loss after rectification (dB)
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 26Impact on Reach and New Technology Adoption
Increasing geographical spread Newer Technology & Next Gen PONs
More no. of tight bends & turns Exposure to higher wavelengths
Applications
METRO &
DOCSIS & HFC
LONG HAUL
FIBRE TO THE X
Macro Bend Loss increase
2.5X 3X 4X
2X
Technology upgradation
DWDM/CWDM
DWDM/CWDM
Downstream
Downstream
Downstream
10G-PON
40G-PON
Upstream
RF-Video
C-Band
G-PON
G-PON
L-Band
RFoG
1550 1610 1560 1625 1490 1577 1490 1603
nm nm nm nm nm nm nm nm
Wavelength increase
60 nm 65 nm 87 nm 113 nm
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 27ITU-T G.657.A2 Bend-insensitive Fibre
ITU-T removed the mention of “Access …and revised attribute specifications
Network” for bend insensitive fibre… for compliance with legacy G.652.D fibre
“ ITU-T
G.657.A1/A2
2012 fibre can be
used for all
networks
where ITU-T
G.652.D
fibre is
”
specified
2016
Source: pg. 7, ITU-T G.657 2016 recommendation literature scope
Source: ITU-T literature on G.657 fibre
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 28The Cascading Effect Of Low Bend Loss
Microbend Loss Test
(IEC TR 62221, method B, Fixed drum method )
Source: ITU-T literature on G.657 fibre
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 29Reduced Operational Expense With Bend Insensitive Fibre
~6 – 7 repairs ~17 – 18 repairs
10+ years
increased network life*
Lower loss increases repair resilience
enhancing overall network life
Assumptions:
- Accidental 15mm bend at time of repair
- Average link length : 14kms, 1000 links per sim and 51 sims in total
- Splice loss: 0.1 dB (G.652.D vs G.657.A2)
- Cuts/1000km/month: 10
- BOL drum attenuation: 0.20/0.21/0.22/0.23 dB/km
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 30ITU-T G.657.A2 fibre- The New Standard
1. 2. 3.
Reduced Bend Loss Enhanced Network Reach Higher Splitting Ratio
5.
4. 6.
Splice Compatible With
For a Futureproof Network Network Lifetime Increment
Legacy Fibre
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 31The Fiberization Challenges
+
A B C
Attenuation Bend Compatibility
Signal Decay Legacy and Future
Sensitivity Technology
Signal Leakage
Source: GSMA, Canalys, Company & Industry Estimates
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 32Compatibility with Legacy Network and Future Technology
G.652.D
MFD of Typical G.657. A2: 8.6 micron MFD of Legacy G.652. D: 9.1 micron
MFD Mismatch
Actual Splice Loss
0.005dB
A2 to D Apparent Loss 0.12dB
D to A2 Apparent Loss: -0.22dB
© 2020-2021 Sterlite Technologies Limited 33Legacy Fibre Compatible G.657.A2 Fibre
The Installer’s Fibre
World’s 1st G.657.A2 fibre which is compatible
with legacy networks built
on G.657.A1 and G.652.D
Minimal Increased Network Cost Saving Future Ready
Splice Loss Life
9.1 MFD ensures Low bend loss - Bend Insensitive – Compact Superior Macro Bend
seamless splicing Provision for more Splice Box and Manholes performance at higher
34
34The Fiberization Challenges
A B C D
Attenuation Bend Compatibility Duct Space
Signal Decay Legacy and Future Optimize Limited
Sensitivity Technology Space
Signal Leakage
Source: GSMA, Canalys, Company & Industry Estimates
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 35Limited Duct Space
80% Cost share of civil work in a
Cable Deployment Project
Rest 20% constitutes Cables, Ducts and supplementary
products
To meet this exponential growth
able eployment ro e t
Need 10X Fibre
In the same available duct space
~80%
6 Minimize the size of Cable as per
requirement and provision for future
requirement
Maximize Fibre Count on the basis of
forecasted future demand
ren aterial ost ermit and t ost o isti s otal ost of
i in Way lea es ners ip
© 2020-2021 Sterlite Technologies Limited 36Next Generation Ribbon Technology
Modern networks require more fiber per cable and Minimize new duct installation and construction
Better TCO from one-time deployment with compact cables in choked ducts
Intelligently Bonded
Easy
Traditional flat
ribbon Ribbon Cable
EASE OF SPLICING
Traditional Loose Tube
Cable
Micro Cable
Larger diameter
COMPACTNESS OF CABLE Highly compact
Traditional Loose Tube Traditional Flat Ribbon Intelligently Bonded
Micro Cable
Cable Cable Ribbon Cable
• Slimmer Jacket & 200um fibre • Ribbon, bundle of Fibres • Improved form factor due to
Splicing is difficult and time
reduces cable diameter expedites splicing process bond design
consuming in high fiber
• Splicing is still time consuming • Unoptimized cable space with • Collapsible ribbon transforms
count cables
flat ribbons in a round cable into flat ribbon for fast splicing
© 2020-2021 Sterlite Technologies Limited 37Celesta – Intelligently Bonded Ribbon Cable
Intermittent Bonded Ribbon Industry’s lowest attenuation in
Fiber Ribbon Cables
› Made using G.657.A2 bend insensitive optical fibre
Splice fast and easy
› mass splice with new and existing ribbon solutions
› Single fiber splice compatible – safe and fast ribbon
separation into 12 loose fibers
Easy to install
› blow optimized micro ribbon cable, but at same time
robust enough for pull installation
› easy ribbon routing/handling in splice tray – zero
preferential ribbon bend,
Saves installation cost
› Saves duct cost - IBR roll up and fill the space inside of a
cable efficiently allowing for the highest fiber counts
› Accessories miniaturization - Micro ribbon cables and ultra
..upto 6912F ribbon cables bend tightly
© 2020-2021 Sterlite Technologies Limited 38Celesta - Maximise Duct Space Utilization
4.5X 2X 32%
Faster Blow Overall Cost
More Fibre*
* As compared with MTL cable
Installation Savings
© 2019-2020 Sterlite Technologies Limited 39Easy install - Innovative Blow Optimised Ribbon Cable
Design
AIR BLOWN INSTALLATION CABLE
TEST ROUTE
2000m
Single shot blow in super tough the
UK Telco test track < 35 mins UK
Telco approved
432F G657.A2 STL IBR
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 40Global innovations for Indian deployment scenarios
Enabling Future Readiness at Lowest Total Cost of Ownership
+
Backward Compatible High Density Ribbon Cable
G657A2 Fibre Intelligently Bonded Ribbon (72F - 6912F)
Faster deployment of Higher density network -
future proof bend 100% existing duct
Optical Connectivity capacity augmentation
resilient network Global leader in E2E optical physical layer solutions
© 2021-2022 Sterlite Technologies Limited 41Q&A
beyond tomorrow www.sterlitetech.com
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