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PN
Issue 119 / Summer 2020
Physiology
News
Education Special Issue
Contents
Help us improve diversity and
inclusivity by updating your details
on the member portal today!
Welcome to the Summer 2020
edition of Physiology News
Introduction Features
5 Editorial 22 Online tools for teaching: From inclusive learning to “the way”
to teach and assess during the COVID-19 pandemic
6 President’s View: Lessons for The Society from COVID-19
25 A
case study of ADInstruments’ online learning platform Lt:
7 Letters to the Editor
New virtual adventure in physiology practicals
28 Recognition for education and teachers in universities: Has
anything changed in the last 6 years?
News and Views 32 Homeostatic teaching: Unmasking the beauty of physiology
36 Batman to brain and back again: Using superheroes to
10 Final year or honours research projects: Time for a total
communicate science
re-think?
12 Physiology education manuscripts in demand: Top accessed
articles in Advances in Physiology Education
Log into the portal to update your details now: 13 Delivering a high-quality practical education remotely Membership
physoc.org/details 14 Mapping the landscape for physiology students and graduates
40 Teaching physiology in lockdown: A steep learning curve
15 Reports of The Society’s recent committee meetings
42 The new normal for physiology education: Four research papers
16 Online Learning versus classroom learning: Questioning who for moving teaching online
TPS12405 - Diversity and inclusivity advert - text update V2REPRO.indd 1 13/08/2019 11:48:49
learns what
44 Three education research studies to inform teaching during
Physiology News Scientific Editor COVID-19: Reflections from our 2018 Otto Hutter Physiology
Teaching Prize winner
Keith Siew University College London
We welcome feedback on our membership magazine, or letters and suggestions for
articles for publication, including book reviews, from our Members. Managing Editor Events 46 Defining virtual, augmented and mixed reality in physiology
education
Please email Julia Turan at magazine@physoc.org. Julia Turan
18 Future Physiology 2020: Our first virtual conference 48 Making the most of online learning in lockdown: A student
Editorial Board
Physiology News is one of the benefits of membership, along with reduced registration rates perspective
for our high-profile events, free online access to our leading journals, The Journal of Physiology, Ronan Berg University Hospital Rigshospitalet
Angus Brown University of Nottingham 49 Obituary: John Bligh
Experimental Physiology and Physiological Reports, and travel grants to attend scientific
meetings. Membership offers you access to the largest network of physiologists in Europe. Havovi Chichger Anglia Ruskin University 50 Obituary: Nicholas Beresford Standen
Karen Doyle NUI Galway
Join now to support your career in physiology: 51 Obituary: Gerhard Giebisch
Lalarukh Haris Shaikh Palantir Technologies
Visit www.physoc.org/membership or call 0207 269 5721.
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2 Physiology News / Summer 2020 / Issue 119 3
Editorial
HEAR THE LATEST RA
N SPORT
T
RESEARCH ONLINE:
MBRANE
Lessons for The Society from COVID-19
ME
OUR UPCOMING Nicholas Freestone fulfilling she found that transition. Her Such educational research clearly underpins
&
EPITHELI
A experiences will strike a chord with many successful teaching and learning activities.
Kingston University, London, UK readers (p. 44). You might be surprised to learn that7 of the
NG
HI 10 most accessed articles across the entire
EVENTS
Underpinning the ongoing efforts to adapt suite of APS titles last year were pedagogical
C
Sarah K Hall
TION & TEA
to the online context, while maintaining the studies published in Advances in Physiology
student experience and managing academic Education (Barbara Goodman, p. 12). For
Cardiff University and Chair of workload, Maria Toledo-Rodriguez and Alison instance, Khalil and Elkhider’s 2016 paper
Education, Public Engagement Mostyn provide us with a valuable overview on learning theories and instructional design
OCRINOL (p. 22) of available online technologies models was downloaded 81,467 times by
CA
D O and Policy Committee of The
U EN to support teaching and learning. All June 2020! This is the kind of exposure that
ED Physiological Society
GY
aspects are covered here, from teaching to many of us can only dream of and shows
YSIOLOGY assessment, OSCEs (objective structured the appetite for research that underpins
PH clinical examinations) and interactive best practice in our teaching and provision
AR
(anonymous) in-lecture polling. Importantly, of learning.
VASCUL
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the they also consider student wellbeing and
HYSIOLO central role of education in society. Whether how to sustain a learning community in the Paradoxically, whilst pedagogical research
CP G
LI you are an academic, a teacher, a student or electronic realm. is highly valued by our colleagues, Judy
Y
&
O
a parent facing home-schooling, the abrupt Harris’ latest survey (p. 26) found that
M ET A B
AC
switch from on-campus education to the Equally useful are two thoughtful promotion and progression for teaching-
DI
Y SIOLOGY NE U R O online realm has had a profound impact contributions from recipients of The focused staff is less apparent now than in
PH
CAR
SC
on our working and home lives. While the Society’s Otto Hutter Teaching Prize. James 2013, in comparison with research-focused
ISE
IEN
crisis may have revealed vulnerabilities in Clark (p. 47) highlights four very recent colleagues. 60% of the respondents to Judy’s
E X ER C
an education system that is often under- research papers addressing alternative forms survey were unaware of any professorial
C
E
resourced and under-appreciated, it has also of delivery and engagement, including use appointments on teaching pathways in their
HU M
underlined the imagination, resourcefulness, of flipped modules and musical jingles, that institutions within the last 3 years. Even with
L&
dynamism and perseverance of educators are relevant to successful online activities. the advent of the UK’s Teaching Excellence
TA
A
N,
N EN and students alike as we have successfully Julia Choate meanwhile (p. 48) takes a wider Framework, there is still work to be done
VIRONME adapted to the new “normal.” look at the literature and highlights three in the sector to recognise consistent and
pedagogical studies that continue to inspire achievable promotion criteria for teaching-
Much of this issue of Physiology News her approach to teaching, as well as her focused staff and establish parity of esteem
focuses on the theme of adaptation. In a ongoing research activities. Writing from the across academic career pathways.
discipline that emphasises hands-on practical student perspective, Róisín Ní Dhonnabháin
laboratory-based skills, Dave Lewis (p. (p. 46) reminds us, however, of differences in It is clear that this global pandemic has
Physiology of Obesity: R Jean Banister Prize Lecture 2019 10) addresses the ways that physiology students’ technological literacy and how the highlighted the many roles of scientists in
educators can provide relevant and authentic move online may have exacerbated existing tackling the virus, and communicating and
From Mechanisms to Medicine Mind Affects Matter: Brainstem learning opportunities for their students inequalities. disseminating this knowledge effectively is
Circuits Linking Stress, Physiology, within the current constraints of these more important now than ever. Commenting
strange times. He has provided colleagues A study from The Physiological Society (p. on the wider public engagement aspects of
Organised by Pete Aldiss, University of Edinburgh, UK and Behaviour with a suite of alternatives to traditional 14) reminds us of the necessity of providing our academic lives, Paul Zehr recounts (p. 40)
and Jo Lewis, University of Cambridge, UK laboratory-based final-year research practical laboratory-based skills training for his use of the physiology of superheroes
projects that are achievable and imaginative. our students. Although physiology graduates to explain our science to non-experts. He
Marie Holt, Florida State University, USA He also makes suggestions for remote find employment across the wide spectrum concludes that if knowledge is power then
Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Physiology Tuesday 17 November, 15:00 – 16:00 GMT alternatives to laboratory-based practicals of careers, the largest single occupation we, as physiologists, are superheroes! Now
Tuesday 6 October, 14:00 – 15:00 BST (p. 13). Marc Demolder shares his view from is as biological scientists and biochemists. that’s a good point to whet your appetite on
Belgium (p. 32), recounting how practicals It is incumbent upon us as educators to for this fascinating issue of Physiology News.
were shifted online to such an extent that give our students the essential scientific
Muscle Physiology in Obesity GL Brown Prize Lecture 2019-2020 his students did more “labs” this year than and transferable skills required for them
Tuesday 13 October, 14:00 – 15:00 BST Healing Tiny Hearts Across Generations previously, although he cautions that the
sudden shift to a different style of teaching
to move into this world of work. How we
facilitate this in the context of the pandemic We welcome your submissions and
may have adversely affected the quality of understandably takes up a lot of this edition. suggestions for our upcoming
Cardiometabolic Dysfunction in Obesity Dino A. Giussani, University of Cambridge, UK student work. Medical Technology Special Issue.
Harry Witchel and colleagues (p. 16) consider We are in the process of
Tuesday 20 October, 14:00 – 15:00 BST Thursday 3 December, 15:00 – 16:00 GMT In the UK, the transition to online learning the efficacy of online versus classroom
determining the exact scope of this
was achieved within 2 weeks of the learning. While there are arguments for and
issue, but as usual we will generally
imposition of Government lockdown, earlier against both, they issue a plea for more
this year. Laura Ginesi’s diary of events considered research to clarify matters and look to cover the latest
around lockdown (“Go home, stay there, to inform future practice. A good place for developments in physiology
and put your teaching online from Monday” readers to start would be participating in research, policy and education of
Register for free now and see the full was her management’s injunction) reveals
how difficult, time-consuming but ultimately
Harry’s education symposium at Physiology
2021 in Birmingham!
physiology and its allied disciplines.
programme www.physoc.org/events
https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.5 5
President’s View Letters
Lessons for The Society from COVID-19 Supporting clinicians
on the front line to
650 people taking part from 33 countries – secure section of the site where Members
a truly international endeavour! will be able to log in and will sit alongside save lives
the Member Portal, which will still be used
This has shown The Society has the ideas and for booking events and updating your Mike Tipton
agility to respond quickly to changing events. membership. This new Member area will Editor-in-Chief of Experimental Physiology
enable us to expand our array of Member-
David Paterson
At the time of writing, our first complete only materials such as webinars, practical
President-Elect of The Physiological Society
virtual early career conference Future guides and teaching resources. These will be
Physiology 2020 has drawn to a close. It exclusively for our growing community of Andrew Mackenzie
has been a fantastic week of keynote talks, Members. We are starting this work now and Head of Policy and Communications,
oral communications, panel discussions and the new section will go live next year. The Physiological Society
poster presentations – all conducted in a
virtual environment. We have had people We also know that our Members want In the space of less than 6 months, the
join us, both as presenters and attendees, more networking opportunities – 88% of COVID-19 pandemic has caused an
from across the world. The feedback on the respondents to a Member survey we held in unprecedented global health and economic
science has been overwhelmingly positive, as March told us this was a priority for them, crisis. At the time of writing (July 2020) there
has the response to the technology we used with over half saying that networking with have been over 12 million cases worldwide
to host the conference. People could attend Members is currently difficult. Our new and over half a million deaths. The Director-
while sitting in their garden (even if the online Member area will seek to change that. General of the World Health Organization,
weather has not always been sunny!). And by We are working on an online community for Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, has said
programming it over the course of a week we Members, which we hope will become the that “The worst is yet to come.” In this time of crisis it is more important than hours we aimed to have an evidence-based
enabled people to attend while also keeping home of physiologists on the web. ever for the scientific community to come response prepared for online posting. This
Bridget Lumb on top of their day jobs.
Members will be able to discuss the latest
It is clear that the only route out of this
crisis is through scientific research. Whether
together. helped improve the clinical understanding of
the disease and inform best practice.
The success of Future Physiology 2020 research, share teaching resources and finding better pharmacological treatments Back at the end of March we began
President, The Physiological Society
showed that online provision can increase the engage with Society Representatives. Each or pursuing a race for a vaccine, the eyes discussing how academic physiologists like The question areas covered the whole
number and diversity of people that engage Theme will be represented too, enabling our of the world are on researchers to provide us could best help clinicians on the front line. array of physiological systems, including
with and contribute to The Society. This can cross-cutting communities to thrive. answers. Clinicians were working tirelessly night and queries on abnormal coagulation, renal
only be a good thing. Even when “normality” day to keep people alive and simply did not failure, hypertension, cardiac troponins and
Membership is at the heart of The Society. resumes, The Society cannot go back to This has been a challenging few months Physiology has been at the forefront of have the time to analyse the mountains of PPE. https://www.physoc.org/covid19/
Through publications and scientific offering solely face-to-face events. for us all and I know that many of us have this search for answers. When COVID-19 data coming through from patients. questions/
conferences, we offer access to the latest concerns about research and teaching patients started appearing in emergency
science, and through workshops and grants As we plan for the future, we must be able moving forward. The uncertainty is likely departments, they didn’t respond to standard Following discussions with our friend and While in recent years the discipline of
we offer professional development to to evolve and adapt to the needs of our to be with us for some time yet – and treatment regimes. Medicine had to go back colleague Professor Hugh Montgomery, physiology has suffered from something of
support your career. Members to ensure that we remain relevant, The Society will continue to support our to first principles and understand systems Consultant Physician, The Physiological a crisis of identity, when confronted with
including the development of new products community through this. physiology at work. Society partnered with the Intensive Care an unknown, new disease, the value of
Although in-person conferences and events and services that meet our Members’ Society to establish a COVID-19 Advisory physiological research is clear. The expert
will always be a key part of what we offer, changing needs. This will include access to The lockdown has also forced us to innovate The result of greater physiological insight has Panel. The driving force for this initiative insight physiologists rapidly provided in this
the current pandemic has demonstrated that Member-only resources, such as professional and respond rapidly to new situations. As changed how COVID-19 patients are treated. was to enable researchers to provide the crisis saved lives.
The Society can support many more people development opportunities, and Member- we move forward, The Society will take the From how ventilators are deployed through “operational support” to the medics dealing
by increasing online provision. only discussion groups. positive lessons from this so that we become to what medications are used, improved with patients, and to ensure they benefited The Physiological Society, and all of us in the
a more responsive, online Society catering physiological knowledge is saving lives. from the latest thinking and analysis. Within physiology community, first and foremost
We moved very quickly following lockdown In response to these changing times, Trustees for the needs of our Members. hours the staff of The Physiological Society must now act to ensure the physiological
to establish a series of online resources in our took the decision at our June Council While initially COVID-19 was viewed as had got things up and running and within 48 lessons from this disease are learned so we
COVID-19 Hub. This included a programme meeting to invest in developing a new online All the best wishes for the future. primarily a respiratory illness, we now know hours, 26 expert physiologists from around are more prepared for the next challenge.
of professional development webinars for our Member area of our website. This will be a that this is only one facet of the disease, the world had answered our call. There is still much we don’t know.
Members, focused on the topics you told us in addition to thrombosis and the cytokine
were important - such as dealing with mental storm. The aim of this group was to support frontline We must also learn the broader structural
health issues during this difficult time. Over clinicians in the fight against COVID-19 lessons about the deep, inextricable
the course of 10 weeks hundreds of Members “Although in-person conferences and events Our improved understanding of the impact by providing insight into the fast-evolving connection between physiology and
took part on topics such as publishing for of COVID-19 on our bodies has enabled understanding of the physiological and medicine, and the importance of a rapid
beginners and online networking. will always be a key part of what we offer, clinicians to change their approach to pathophysiological processes underpinning response in a dynamically evolving crisis.
treatment, such as no longer rushing to put the disease. Our physiology colleagues were Physiology gives clinicians the toolkit to
We also took advantage of the flexibility the current pandemic has demonstrated that patients on ventilators and instead placing determined to help, and we would like to deal with the unknown. By working with
software like Zoom offers to respond quickly patients in the prone position to improve gas thank them for their time and support during clinical partners we should cement the closer
to changing events. For example, we worked The Society can support many more people by exchange. Greater insight into the immune what was a difficult and uncertain period. links between our communities we have
with Mike Tipton (University of Portsmouth,
UK) to arrange a webinar on guidance to
increasing online provision” response helps explain why dexamethasone
has been hailed as a “ground-breaking By establishing a “question and answer”
established during last few months so we are
collaborating and ready to respond, because
returning to the lab, setting it up within days treatment” for hospital patients seriously ill system on The Physiological Society website, in this new normal of uncertainty, one truth is
of the government guidance being issued. with COVID-19. we enabled clinicians to send questions certain: this will not be the last pandemic.
This was tremendously successful, with over into the group for consideration. Within 24
6 Physiology News / Summer 2020 / Issue 119 https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.6 https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.7 7
Letters
The Journal of Physiology’s FREE
WEB
Virtual Journal Club IN
The joy of sex SERI AR
I attended a webinar recently by The Society
that featured research talks from male early
2. We should develop a traffic light system
on every communication and publication ES!
career researchers. I was surprised that to illustrate whether data bias has been
Vivien Rolfe they had exclusively conducted research on considered – maybe red for white male
Discuss the latest
Head of Herbal Research, Pukka Herbs Ltd. male subjects (for what was not specifically only, amber for both sexes or ethnic
. a male health issue). All of the work they diversity, and green for full diversity
cited involved only male participants. When being researched and considered?
I enjoyed the “Sex in Studies” article in questioned, one of the speakers suggested
the Spring 2020 Physiology News written
by Natasha Karp and her colleagues at
AstraZeneca. The article discussed sex bias
that they wished to “exclude the effect of
menstrual cycles” from their results.
3. Educators should consider where bias
permeates into their textbooks and
lecture notes – do we still persist in research and learn
what makes a
in human research, and that despite an NIH This last part shocked me the most. It using the “normal adult male” to teach
Revitalization Act of 1993 mandating the was exactly what I recall being told in my physiology?
inclusion of women and ethnic groups in physiology degree a number of years ago. I
clinical studies, both are still woefully under- then carried this misconception with me into By not considering data biases within
publishable paper
represented – and rarely included at all – in my early career. This experience has made our science, we are not appreciating the
all phases of clinical development. Natasha me reflect that we are all strongly influenced intricacies of physiology, which I suspect is
cited the work of Beery & Zucker, 2011 who by our education and laboratory cultures. what fascinated us about the subject in the
looked at the distribution of participants by Perhaps the webinar was a one-off, but it first place. We need to reach out to students
sex across a number of academic subjects, makes me suspect that we aren’t getting our and early career researchers now, otherwise
and physiology as a discipline was poor at physiology education right. we’ll not see change for another generation.
representing female subjects in research – in We will all be perpetuating the myth that Meet with your physiology community on the first
fact, no female participants were found at Here are some ideas: we need to exclude the menstrual cycle and
all in their analysis of human studies. Others diversity more widely from our science, and and third Wednesday of each month to explore papers
acknowledge that studying both sexes is 1. Those leading physiology courses, as Caroline Criado-Perez suggests “women
essential for the future of science, and we departments and laboratories need are dying, and the medical world is complicit. recently published in The Journal of Physiology. In
need to begin in our education systems to to map where sex and ethnicity bias It needs to wake up”.
start to redress the data gap when it comes in science is taught as part of their our free webinars, the host and expert panellists will
to the female body, as explained in the much
acclaimed books by Caroline Criado-Perez
programmes or professional training as a
starting point.
introduce the paper before audience members have
(Invisible Women, Do It Like A Woman). the opportunity to discuss and ask questions.
Explore alternative career paths on our website!
The discipline of physiology is broad and 21 OCTOBER 2020, 15:00 - 16:00 BST 4 NOVEMBER 2020, 17:00 -18:00 GMT
complex, which is reflected in the wide range
of exciting careers in the field. You will find Tetraspanin‐7 regulation of L‐type Distinct features of calcium handling
physiologists working in roles in hospitals,
universities, space agencies, sporting arenas, voltage‐dependent calcium channels and β‐adrenergic sensitivity in heart
mountain tops – you name it!
controls pancreatic β‐cell insulin failure with preserved versus reduced
Our careers pages host a variety of content secretion ejection fraction
highlighting the breadth of careers relating
to physiology. Watch case study videos from Host: Nordine Helassa, University of Liverpool, UK Host: Fabien Brette, INSERM, France
researchers working in a range of areas, from
conservation to space physiology. But there
is more to physiology than research alone
- we also have inspiring videos from those
working in teaching, industry, healthcare and Want to host a meeting of The Journal of Physiology’s Virtual Journal Club?
science communication.
Email events@physoc.org to express your interest.
If you are still in the early stages of your
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move” pages could help. These contain
tailored information for 16-19 year olds,
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Read more here: https://www.physoc.org/careers/
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8 Physiology News / Summer 2020 / Issue 119 https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.8
News and Views Physiology Feed
researchers (e.g. The Reproducibility “Our business-minded approach to meeting
Crisis https://www.youtube.com/ the objectives gave me the opportunity
watch?v=OwmDzLfg9es; vodcasts to utilise my problem solving and Read the latest press releases from
Final year or honours research projects: on good practice in specific research
methodologies/tools);
communication skills on a daily basis. Our
use of social media allowed us to present the
our journals at physoc.org/news
Time for a total re-think? • Educational development: Creation
findings and communicate with specialists
displaying interest in our research. It’s an First telomere-to-telomere
and evaluation of resources for use in excellent opportunity to demonstrate your complete sequencing of a whole
Dave Lewis still be closed at the start of the upcoming
academic year or, if open, with substantial
organs or tissues (e.g. intact animals,
heart, neurones). This could include the
undergraduate education (e.g. practicals,
problem solving exercises). An ideal
aptitude in a scientific, non-laboratory
working environment.” (BSc Medical
human chromosome
University of Leeds, UK social distancing requirements in place, many evaluation of the scientific accuracy opportunity for students to repurpose Sciences) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-
colleagues are looking for alternatives to and educational benefits of simulations existing face 2 face practicals into online 2547-7
traditional laboratory or fieldwork projects. currently used in education, e.g. https:// versions or create online problem solving Non-traditional capstones are not without
Less than ten percent of bioscience The QAA Biosciences Benchmark Statement bit.ly/e-BioPracticals or accuracy of exercises; their challenges, for both students and
graduates go on to careers in scientific requires students to undertake a research automated data tracking/scoring systems staff. However, with appropriate scaffolding Scientist Calculates The Maximum
research, and the overwhelming majority project. En masse replacement with critical (e.g. OptiMouse); • Science in schools/Public and support, these can be overcome. By Amount of Hot Dogs a Human Can
leave science altogether1. Traditional literature reviews is not acceptable; less engagement: Create an interactive broadening the portfolio of capstones Eat in 10 Minutes
laboratory-based, fieldwork or literature than 10% of students would select this • Grant proposal: Rather than grant science workshop for use in schools or available to students whilst also retaining
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0096
review projects do not provide the requisite option given the choice1,2. Non-traditional proposal as extension exercise, it becomes as a public engagement activity (for the more traditional formats, it enables students
work experience or skills development for capstones, all of which are deliverable solely the principal output. Sections within it Faculty, Charity or other educational to decide exactly what they want to get out
the diverse range of career paths followed or predominantly remotely, are thus an ideal are those in real grant applications to organisation). Delivered virtually, or if of their capstone and choose accordingly. For The First Time, Human Cartilage
by the majority of our graduates. There solution. These include: funding bodies, e.g. BBSRC or MRC. “Pilot” social distancing conditions are relaxed Has Been Engineered in Space
is, therefore, an urgent need to broaden data comes from previous studies in the later in the year, face 2 face. Capstones are a high impact educational
https://doi.org/110.1126/sciadv.
the expectations that both students and • Virtual laboratory: Currently critical supervisor’s lab; practice. They can be both transformational
educators have for final year or honours review project students at Leeds write a For more details on any of the above and and translational (prepare students for the aba4174
projects, to move beyond seeing them grant proposal as an extension exercise • Systematic reviews with or without additional opportunities, see: https:// world of work). An opportunity for students
merely as opportunities for students to gain to their scientific paper. Why not flip the meta-analysis: A defined, systematic mymedia.leeds.ac.uk/Mediasite/Play/a3a to showcase their knowledge, understanding Study of Over 1 Million People
research experience or an understanding concept? Students formulate a research way of undertaking a comprehensive dd1c5d3b34120ae9899c30bb67b6b1d and skills, including 4th Industrial Revolution
Finds Intriguing Link Between Iron
of the research process, to a broader US- question, design a study, test their review of the literature, used a lot or contact me (d.i.lewis@leeds.ac.uk). skills, to us and potential employers. We
style Capstone (or culminating) Experience. hypothesis using simulations or re-analysis in clinical trials/health science but should not see online or non-traditional Levels And Lifespan
Students apply the knowledge and skills of existing data, and when laboratories increasingly in animal experiments The critical question is what do students capstones as a short-term fix in response https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-
gained in earlier years to an enquiry-based re-open, undertake a short proof of and education. Previous reviews think about these alternative capstones? to the current COVID-19 situation. Rather, 17312-3
problem, which may or may not be research, concept/pilot study; undertaken by Leeds students include: In short, they love them. Given the chance, an opportunity to develop and enhance our
and creating an output as a solution to this Pharmacotherapies for gestational one in three students would opt for a non- programmes, to better meet the aspirations
problem. In doing so, students showcase • Virtual fieldwork: Use publicly available diabetes; Animal welfare factors traditional capstone [Lewis DI, 2020]. and needs of students, and to better prepare Mind-Boggling New Study Shows
their knowledge, skills and understanding to webcams or video recordings of humans, influencing reproducibility and reliability them for the 21st Century workplace. Dogs Can Use Earth’s Magnetic
us and future employers. animals or the environment to explore of studies involving lab animals; E-learning “So rewarding, the highlight of my Field to Navigate
discipline-relevant research questions, e.g. and other resources as replacements for whole education. I gained so much from
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.55080
Recognising the above, many Bioscience nesting behaviour of birds; face 2 face undergraduate practicals in it personally and professionally” (BSc Dave Lewis is Senior Lecturer in
Departments or Faculties have started the Biosciences; Neuroscience in relation to Medicine) Pharmacology & Scientific Ethics at the
to broaden their portfolio of final year or • Bioinformatics/Big data: Using University of Leeds. His interests include A Mutated Neanderthal Gene
capstone projects. The Royal Society of bioinformatics tools to interrogate • Surveys/Focus Groups: Any topic It enables them to try out different career developing and evaluating non-traditional Could Make Some People More
Biology has made substantial changes to (e.g. genomic) datasets or analysis and or area, and of students, staff or the options in a safe space, and opens their eyes formats for undergraduate final year
Sensitive to Pain
its capstone accreditation criteria for BSc interpretation of the many publically public e.g public attitudes/knowledge of to new career opportunities: Capstone projects, and the development and
degrees. Now any format of capstone, available (e.g. health, environment) or antimicrobial resistance; attitudes to the delivery of professional education in research https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
including those that are team-based, School/Faculty research (e.g. neuronal use of animals in education; interaction “Always loved working with children, but animal sciences in the Emerging World. cub.2020.06.045
is acceptable provided they include recordings) datasets, e.g. https://bit.ly/ between developers, clinicians and interestingly this project has allowed me to Dave has previously been awarded The
opportunities for analysis, synthesis and OADataRep; patients in the development of Digital realise it may perhaps be my “calling” (BSc Society’s Otto Hutter Teaching Prize and is an
critical evaluation of information, and result Health Apps (the latter was innovative in Neuroscience in relation to Medicine) AdvanceHE National Teaching Fellow.
Male Seahorse Pregnancy Has
in a defined output. The COVID-19 pandemic • Computational modelling/ its use of Twitter to engage participants in Some Eerie Similarities to Human
has accelerated this rate of adoption of Simulations: Investigate the physiological the first instance; And enhances their employability: Childbearing
alternative capstones across the sector. or pharmacological modulation of existing https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-020-
With the expectation that laboratories may models or simulations of systems, • Scientific writing: Creation of web- “Main thing I’ve gained from the project is 01289-y
content for Small to Medium Enterprises being able to look at complex situations from References
(SMEs, e.g. scientific information on their other perspectives than a purely scientific 1. Lewis DI (2020). Final year undergraduate research
products https://badrilla.com/project- one. For example, I’ve had to look at social project or a “Capstone Experience”? Time for a re- First Meta-Analysis Confirms
“By broadening the portfolio of capstones available landing). The content behind each tab policy and the law in depth, and as a result think. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 86(6),
1227-1228. https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Link Between Lithium in Drinking
was written by a team of students; appreciate how science helps to inform these Water And Suicide Rates
to students whilst also retaining more traditional areas” (BSc Human Physiology)
doi/abs/10.1111/bcp.14266
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.128
• Commercial/Technical reports: Using 2. Lewis DI et al. (2017). Final year undergraduate
formats, it enables students to decide exactly publicly available information to write “Invaluable to me, in terms of enjoyment research projects in the Biosciences: Student and
staff expectations, outcomes and impact on career
technical or commercial reports (e.g. within my degree but also skills that I have
what they want to get out of their Capstone and impact of legislation, analysis of markets been able to develop to help me with my
choices and employability. Proceedings of the British
Pharmacological Society, Pharmacology 2017,
Anglerfish Physically Fuse to
Their Mates, And We Finally Know
choose accordingly” etc.) for SMEs or other clients; future endeavours. It’s challenged me
personally to motivate myself, set realistic
London. Available at: http://www.pA2online.org/
abstracts/Vol18Issue1abst135P.pdf How That’s Possible
• Professional Education: Development goals, and be creative in my problem solving.” https://doi.org/10.1126/science.
of education and training resources for (BSc Neuroscience) aaz9445
10 Physiology News / Summer 2020 / Issue 119 https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.10 https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.10 11
News and Views News and Views
Physiology education manuscripts in demand: Delivering a high-quality practical education remotely
Top accessed articles in Advances in Physiology Education
Dave Lewis Modification of existing practicals so they can
be undertaken in alternative environments
except hands-on practical experience. They
have much greater potential than just a
Barbara E Goodman models are explained. The objective of the
article is to present the science of learning
variability in student attention arises from
differences between teachers and not from
University of Leeds, UK (e.g. human exercise physiology studies
outside) would enable all of these learning
short-term replacement. At Leeds, we are
replacing our Level 4 and 5 (undergraduate
Editor-in-Chief, Advances in and instruction as the theoretical evidence the teaching format itself. Thus, it is the job outcomes to be achieved. Use of publically year 1 and 2) recipe-driven practicals with
Physiology Education for the design and delivery of instructional of the instructor to enhance their teaching Given the current COVID-19 situation, it is available webcams to address research semester-long team-based mini-projects
materials in the classroom and laboratory. skills to provide not only rich content but highly likely that teaching laboratories will questions involving humans, animals using simulations (e.g. of neurones or isolated
As of June 2020, this article has been also a satisfying lecture experience for the not be open at the start of the upcoming or the environment is another robust tissues), giving students experience of
downloaded 81,467 times! students. As of June 2020, this article has academic year. When they do open, there will alternative. However, video demonstrations experimental design, hypothesis testing,
been downloaded 39,910 times. be social distancing and health protection of practicals, virtual reality and 3rd Life are data collection, analysis and interpretation of
measures in place which will limit both the unlikely to provide an engaging and high large datasets. Simulations enable students
Number 2 Most Accessed 2019 The other four Advances articles in the numbers of students in the laboratory at any quality educational experience alone. They to address research questions that could not
top 10 most accessed in 2019 included an one time (up to 75% reduction in capacity), could be used to reinforce knowledge and be addressed in real-life for legal, ethical or
“Measuring osmosis and hemolysis of red APS Refresher Course Report on “Smooth and also the types of practical (e.g. human understanding gained from other educational health and safety grounds. Going forward
blood cells” by Lauren K. Goodhead and muscle contraction and relaxation” by R. cardio-respiratory physiology studies) we activities, but to achieve the other learning post-COVID, we can use them as pre-
Frances M. MacMillan from the School of Clinton Webb, a Best Practices series article can offer. We also need to cater for students outcomes, would have to be packaged with practical learning activities for students to
Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience on “Learning theories 101: application to who can’t physically be present for health or other activities, for example the analysis and design studies and test hypotheses so that
of the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK everyday teaching and scholarship” by Denise other reasons. interpretation of existing datasets (including when they go into the laboratories they are
published on 19 May, 2017 (Advances in Kay and Jonathan Kibble, an editorial on those available at https://bit.ly/OADataRep). fully aware of experimental set-ups and
Physiology Education 41, 298 – 305). This “The “African gene” theory: it is time to stop The QAA Biosciences Benchmark Statement
article from the Sourcebook of Laboratory teaching and promoting slavery hypertension requires students “to undertake appropriate
Activities in Physiology series, describes
classroom laboratory experiments to help
hypothesis” by Heidi L. Lujan and Stephen
E. DiCarlo, and a Staying Current review on
practical education throughout their course.”
Similarly, the Royal Society of Biology Degree
“Which, if any, of these is a valid alternative?
students visualise and appreciate osmosis “Recent advances in thermoregulation” by Accreditation criteria for BSc programmes Do any provide a high quality, engaging
(the movement of water and small molecules Etain A. Tansey and Christopher D. Johnson. requires “the acquisition of technical skills and
across selectively permeable membranes These articles ranged from >20,000 to familiarity with the practical environment.” and enjoyable educational experience?
of mammalian cells). Animal blood is bathed almost 30,000 downloads. We cannot opt out of providing practicals
in solutions with differing osmolarities and just because of the COVID-19 pandemic To address that question, we first have to
tonicities to explore the concept of water This short article shows the variety of and therefore what are the alternatives?
movement by osmosis and the resultant offerings in Advances in Physiology Education Options include the replacement of consider why we provide practicals”
Advances in Physiology Education is one haemolysis. As of June 2020, this article has and documents the global demand for these existing practicals with others that are
of the family of journals published by the been downloaded 71,180 times. contributions to the literature. “do-able” in the current environment, video
American Physiological Society (APS). demonstrations, virtual field trips, provision
Submissions of manuscripts to Advances cost of data sets, simulations, virtual reality and
nothing and accepted papers are available 2nd Life (virtual worlds). Which, if any, of This leaves simulations. Those currently protocols and know what they are looking
with free access from their initial posting “Of all the APS family of journals, 7 out of the 10 these is a valid alternative? Do any provide available to educators range from the complex for, for example modification of ion channels
online. Annually a printed copy of the journal a high quality, engaging and enjoyable (and costly) human patient simulators (used in simulations of single neurones followed by
with all 4 issues is available to those who most accessed articles (full-text accesses) during educational experience? To address that extensively in medical and health sciences real-life electrophysiological recordings in
request it. Publications in Advances are question, we first have to consider why we education) to computer or web-based snail brain or other invertebrate preparations.
contributed from the global community of 2019 were published in Advances” provide practicals. Reasons could include: simulations of organs, tissues, cells or even
physiology educators and carefully peer- biological processes. Long gone are the In short, it is time to ditch those dated, dusty
reviewed by expert colleagues. Of all the • Giving students hands-on experience days of slow simulations of dubious validity. practicals, broaden our expectations and
APS family of journals, 7 out of the 10 most of experimental techniques and the There are many high quality, scientifically learning outcomes, embrace technology and
accessed articles (full-text accesses) during development of laboratory skills; robust simulations and models available, adopt a more blended approach to practical
2019 were published in Advances. The top increasingly being used both in research education. In so doing, better prepare
three accessed Advances articles are briefly Number 3 Most Accessed 2019 Barbara E. Goodman, PhD., is Professor of • Reinforce knowledge and understanding and drug development. In a project part- our students for the remainder of their
described below. Physiology at Sanford School of Medicine gained from other educational activities; funded by a British Pharmacological Society programmes and for their future careers,
“Attention span during lectures: 8 seconds, of the University of South Dakota. As a Teaching Grant, I am collating simulations whatever these may be.
10 minutes, or more?” by Neil A. Bradbury of long-time member of the Editorial Board, • Education in, and experience of, from across the world that can be used in
Number 1 Most Accessed 2019 the Department of Physiology and Biophysics Associate Editor, and now Editor-in-Chief experimental design; Bioscience education. This is a living list,
of Chicago Medical School, Rosalind of Advances, she is also a past chair of the available at: https://bit.ly/e-BioPracticals Dave Lewis is Senior Lecturer in
“Applying learning theories and instructional Franklin University of Medicine and Science, American Physiological Society’s Education • Education in, and experience of, data which will be updated regularly. If you know Pharmacology & Scientific Ethics at the
design models for effective instruction” by North Chicago, Illinois, USA published on 8 and Communications Committees, and the analysis and interpretation; of any additional simulations, either free or University of Leeds. His interests include
Mohammed K. Khalil and Ihsan A. Elkhider November, 2016 (Advances in Physiology Teaching Section and organiser of the APS commercially available, please send me details developing and evaluating non-traditional
from the University of South Carolina School Education 40, 509 – 513). This article Institutes on Teaching and Learning and the • Development of critical thinking, (d.i.lewis@leeds.ac.uk) and I will add them. formats for undergraduate final year
of Medicine in Greenville, South Carolina, presents a Personal View by reviewing the Physiology Educators Community Of Practice creativity, problem solving, Given our need for alternatives to practicals Capstone projects, and the development and
USA published on 11 April, 2016 (Advances literature on the “common knowledge” and blog site. https://blog.lifescitrc.org/pecop/ communication and team working skills; is immediate, this list does not contain any delivery of professional education in research
in Physiology Education 40, 147 – 156). In “consensus” that there is a decline in students’ evaluations. These will be added at a later date. animal sciences in the Emerging World.
this article from the Best Practices series, attention 10 – 15 min into lectures. The author • Fostering the development of Dave has previously been awarded The
the major learning theories are discussed and believes that the most consistent finding collaborative learning networks. Used appropriately, simulations can address Society’s Otto Hutter Teaching Prize and is an
selected examples of instructional design from his literature review is that the greatest all the learning outcomes for practicals AdvanceHE National Teaching Fellow.
12 Physiology News / Summer 2020 / Issue 119 https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.12 https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.13 13
News and Views News and Views
Mapping the landscape for physiology students and graduates Reports of The Society’s recent committee meetings
Chrissy Stokes Peter Jones, King’s College London; Frankie 230 to 566 CAO points across SES and The purpose of these short updates is to summarised by the Director of Scientific Publications Committee
MacMillan, University of Bristol; Jacqueline physiology/biomedical science courses (SES keep you informed about the work of our Programmes. It was agreed that once a
Head of Professional Development Naylor, AstraZeneca; and Vicky Walker, courses tend to have lower requirements committees. The following summaries detail clearer route forward was agreed, a Task and April 2020
school teacher. The key aims of the project than for physiology/biomedical courses. the meetings of the past few months. Finish Group, led by External Trustee John The Publications Committee met virtually in
and Engagement, The Physiological were to capture the entry requirements for Cripps, would be set up. The discussion had April 2020, chaired by Debbie Baines. The
Society physiology and related courses, and to identify For the purposes of gaining focused, also considered current cost-saving options impact of COVID-19 was a recurring theme.
the employment destinations of graduates meaningful information on graduate across existing activities. In light of potential difficulties in recruiting
Sarah K Hall in physiology and related subjects. This
information would then be made available
destinations, the study was narrowed to
five degree codes, and students graduating
Finance Committee
To note: The Coronavirus pandemic has
new Editors-in-Chief mid-pandemic, the
Committee agreed to extend the terms
Chair of Education, Public to Members, as well as to undergraduates in 2009 and 2010. Reviewing data from February 2020 affected some of the activities The Society of Kim Barrett and Mike Tipton by one
Engagement and Policy Committee, considering employment opportunities and CVs posted by almost 2,500 graduates in Jeremy Barker of Cazenove Capital had planned to deliver in 2020, for example year. There was also discussion on how the
those promoting physiology as a study option this cohort revealed their job profile over Management attended the meeting and all face-to-face events have either been synergy between The Society’s journals and
The Physiological Society at their institution. The intended impact the first decade of their careers. These data gave a presentation on the 2019 portfolio cancelled or postponed until 2021. The meetings could continue to be improved.
would be to support undergraduate study of show that the largest single occupation for performance and 2020 outlook. The Society has responded by successfully Experimental Physiology’s call for papers
physiology and highlight career pathways for all physiology graduates (including SES) is Committee received and discussed the Q419 moving Future Physiology to an online from the 2019 Extreme Environmental
physiology graduates. as biological scientists and biochemists, Management Accounts narrative and figures. conference using new technology that Physiology meeting had proven a notable
The Society has a key role to play in feeding confirming that graduates commonly remain It was confirmed the 2019 audit would be provides the necessary functionality as well success, and the Committee discussed ways
the pipeline of career physiologists. This role In consultation with Society Representatives in physiology-related work. Non-research the last one done by haysmacintyre with as hosting a series of webinars for each to achieve similar success should upcoming
has gained in significance as the number of from institutions across the UK and RoI, the career destinations include teaching, Buzzacott as The Society’s new audit partner Theme and webinars focused on professional meetings be cancelled or ”made virtual”.
named physiology degrees and physiology TAFG identified 30 entry degree courses* management (sales, accounts and business) for 2020. The Committee received the risk development. However, the Trustees are While research submissions remained
departments has waned. However, while that had at least one-third physiology and clinical/allied healthcare practice. register and a summary of key risks from the regularly reviewing the situation and working stable, the Committee were informed of
the number of students enrolled in named content; these included Sport and Exercise Reviewing first, second and third career Senior Management Team. The CEO reported with the Senior Management Team to assess the likelihood of a decline at some point in
physiology degrees may be declining, Science (SES) and Biology, as well as destinations of this cohort demonstrated on the one remaining key risk of reliance the impact of this ongoing crisis and will keep the future due to global laboratory closures
undergraduate students do not display a lack Physiology and Neuroscience. Almost half of opportunities for movement between on a sole income stream and next steps members updated as decisions are made. caused by the pandemic.
of interest in physiology content. In fact, the Society Reps reported that their degrees employment categories. on income diversification. The two largest
as students develop an understanding and contained at least 50% physiology content; reductions in risk score were the successful The Editors-in-Chief of The Journal of
appreciation of the subject, it appears they however, it was noted that the total amount The TAFG has now reported to the Education, implementation of a portfolio of updated and April 2020 Physiology, Experimental Physiology and
are more likely to actively seek to continue of physiology in a degree often depends on Public Engagement and Policy Committee legally compliant HR policies and the launch The Conferences Committee met on 22 Physiological Reports presented their
studying physiology. This is illustrated by the modules selected. 29% of Society Reps and more detailed outcomes from this study of new robust and compliant Articles of April using an online format for the first respective Editorial Reports. The Journal
the popularity of intercalated degrees in also reported that their institution offers a will be made available online in 2020. We Association and Regulations. time. The agenda and discussions were of Physiology and Experimental Physiology
physiology (reported by King’s College physiology-named course that students can also aim to build on this initial work, to dominated by the impact of COVID-19 on remain on a transformative pathway to
London, KCL) and the high proportion of switch to mid-degree or as an exit degree. inform future development of the Society’s conferences and meetings. At the meeting, Open Access with Wiley. There was
students choosing advanced physiology The timing and requirements for such a careers resources. some of the planned conferences for 2020 conversation on how these two journals
modules following a common-core first year switch also vary widely between institutions, had already been postponed while Future conformed to the principles of the Open
(reported by Cardiff University). with some restricting movement to the 1st Physiology 2020 was discussed since it had Science movement. The Committee
year while others permit movement up until Chrissy Stokes is Head of Professional been pivoted from an in-person to a virtual approved the immediate introduction
In line with the development of the new the end of the 3rd year. Development and Engagement at The Council conference. A new programme of webinars of Registered Reports for Experimental
Society strategy, in 2019 we held a focus Physiological Society. and the future format of conferences were Physiology – an article type designed to
group meeting with 16 – 21 year-old The information from Society Reps was used March 2020 also discussed. Since the committee met, minimise publication bias by implementing
school pupils and undergraduate students to identify appropriate UCAS and CAO codes Sarah Hall is a Reader in Physiology at The President, Bridget Lumb, reported The Society took the decision to postpone peer review prior to data collection. From an
to discuss how The Society might develop for further investigation across all institutions Cardiff University, with a focus on Teaching that following a successful presentation of the remaining in-person conferences and Open Science perspective, the introduction
useful resources for this target audience. in the UK and RoI, respectively. Physiology and Scholarship. She is Deputy Director the outcomes of the Grants Review Task meetings in 2020. The Chair reported that of this article type complements The
As well as highlighting the desire for more is also taught as part of a number of clinical of Undergraduate Education in the School and Finish Group, Prem Kumar had agreed the Theme Leads were keen to recruit an Society’s journals’ statistics, data sharing and
specific information on routes into studying and healthcare degrees but these were not of Biosciences and Programme Leader to Chair the Grants Implementation Task Early Career Theme Lead for each Theme, preprint policies, and more innovations are
physiology at university, these students included in the study. for the Physiology degree. At The Society, and Finish Group. The first meeting was and that this call would be open in August. planned going forwards.
were keen to have more information about she is currently a Trustee and Chair of our scheduled for March 2020. It was noted Once they are in place, networking meetings
employment opportunities after graduation The group then commissioned work from Education, Public Engagement and Policy that concerns had been raised by the Board would be arranged in the first instance online,
with a physiology degree. the labour market analytics firm Emsi to committee. Affiliate Representative regarding the lack of and then in person at the earliest opportunity
gain a deeper insight into UK and RoI routes opportunities for Early Career Physiologists in 2021.
Advised by the then Education and Outreach in physiology: both entry requirements in the initial offering and the Board agreed
Committee, a Task and Finish Group (TAFG) for degree programmes and employment that an Early Career Representative should
was assembled in early 2019 to advise on destinations after graduation. There is be on this group.
*Degree courses included undergraduate courses that
the design and implementation of a project notable variation in entry requirements
to map the current landscape into and out for physiology-related degrees across the
lead to a postgraduate qualification as well as BSc courses
e.g. a 4-year course resulting in an MSci. The outcomes of the income diversification Stay up-to-date with our upcoming online and
of studying physiology at universities in UK, from 72 UCAS points or BC at A-level and strategic fund initiative workshop,
the UK and the Republic of Ireland (RoI). for a Sports and Exercise Science degree held the day before Council, which had
in-person events, grants, training and more by
Members of the TAFG came from a range to 144 UCAS points or AAA at A-level for considered the current landscape for income subscribing to our newsletters:
of backgrounds in education and industry, Neuroscience. The median entry tariff for diversification and the potential revenue
with interests in supporting graduates: named Physiology degrees was 128 UCAS streams using a process of traffic lighting
https://www.physoc.org/about-us/newsletters/
Sarah Hall, Cardiff University (Chair); points (ABB at A-level). In the RoI there is to narrow down suggestions to viable
Richard Bowater, University of East Anglia; also a huge variation in requirements, from commercial initiatives for investment, were
14 Physiology News / Summer 2020 / Issue 119 https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.14 https://doi.org/10.36866/pn.119.15 15
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