POLICE - ON A JOURNEY TO A SAFER SOUTH AFRICA #Selfless&PatrioticService - SAPS
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
MARCH 2020 | FREE
POLICE
YO U R O F F I C I A L F R E E S A P S M AGA Z I N E
ON A JOURNEY TO A SAFER SOUTH AFRICA
#Selfless&PatrioticService
ROLL OF HONOUR The SAPS pays tribute to members who lost
their lives in the line of duty. CONTENTS
01
02 National Commissioner’s 12 COVID-19 Lockdown Regulations POLICE
SURNAME PROVINCE/ Message The POLICE magazine is published by
PERSAL NO RANK DATE OF DEATH TYPE OF INCIDENT the Publications and Broadcast Section
& INITIALS DIVISIONS 14 EHW - Self Care of Corporate Communication.
03 COVID-19 - Lockdown Announced HEAD:
CORPORATE COMMUNICATION
16 Flash News Maj Gen SA de Beer
SUB-SECTION HEAD:
06 COVID-19- What you need to know INTERNAL PUBLICATIONS
Col Linda van den Berg
0619079-1 Capt Matjie OI Gauteng 2020-01-17 Murder 18 Top Cops retire 012 393 7075
08 Tough Action follows Disaster SUBEDITOR
Lt Col Fundiswa Maphanga
Management Regulations 20 Polmed 012 393 7104
JOURNALISTS:
Lt Col Erica Holtzhausen
10 Human Rights prioritised during 21 Missing Persons 012 393 7106
Lockdown Capt Keitumetse Mmushi
012 393 7138
7167174-9 Const Teffo TS Gauteng 2020-02-29 Murder 22 Wanted Persons Capt Vincent Mukhathi
012 393 7088
11 Police enforce law on first day of
Capt Kgabo Mashamaite
Lockdown 012 393 7151
Capt Ndanduleni Nyambeni
012 393 7279
WO Percy Sepaela
012 393 7108
8273559-0 Const Sedibe K Mpumalanga 2020-02-03 Murder
T he entire After 40 years of service, my blood will LAYOUT
WO Henk Venter
world has always be blue. I would like to extend a
COVER
special thank you to each person that I have
been gripped personally had the pleasure to work with.
Capt Ndanduleni Nyambeni
PHOTOGRAPHER:
by the deadly WO Theo van Wyk
Covid-19 virus Thank you for your support, respect,
012 393 7103
LANGUAGE EDITING BY:
0528993-9 Sgt Herbst WP DPCI 2020-03-05 Murder that has claimed friendship and discipline over the years. Lt Col Ilze-Mari Visagie
thousands of We have been through a lot together and Capt Maurene Claasens
weathered many storms, but you are all SAPS POLICE ONLINE:
lives all over the Lt Col Johan Heüer
survivors and with your integrity, you will 012 393 7030
globe. Although continue to overcome the hurdles in your heuer@saps.gov.za
so far South way. You each have a special place in my REPUBLISHING
Permission to republish articles
Africa has been lucky enough to heart, and I am going to miss you so much! contained in the POLICE may be
0473679-6 WO Grobler-Konin D DPCI 2020-03-05 Murder have lost only a few – but one life obtained from the Head: Corporate
Communication. The opinions
Major General Sally de Beer
lost, is one life too many. This is expressed in the POLICE are
not necessarily those of the Head:
attributed to Government’s quick Corporate Communication, his staff
or of the POLICE authorities.
response to the Coronavirus, the INDEMNITY
implementation of social distancing Contributions, photographs and
other material sent to the POLICE for
and the lockdown. publication must be accompanied
by a stamped and self-addressed
envelope. Contributions are returned
This edition is dedicated to educating at the risk of the contributor. The
POLICE reserves the right to effect
everyone about the virus, explaining what changes to any contribution.
it is, debunking myths, and detailing the COPYRIGHT POLICE
Regulations that have been implemented Copyright reserved
since President Ramaphosa declared a
National State of Disaster.
My application for early retirement was
granted in mid-March with an exit date of
31 March 2020. It saddens me that I leave
the SAPS at a time that is so difficult for the
entire country. My prayers and thoughts will @ SAPoliceService
be with the men and women in blue who
are at the frontlines of helping curtail the South African
spread of Covid-19. Police Service
(SAPS Official Page)
www.pretoriacentral@queenspark.com
02 03
COVID-19 COVID-19
POLICE MARCH 2020 MARCH 2020 POLICE
Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster has taken
the lead in ensuring that all the regulations stipulated in the
Disaster Management Act and any other rules implemented
PRESIDENT RAMAPHOSA ANNOUNCES
COVID-19 LOCKDOWN
for the duration of the disaster, including the lockdown, are
adhered to.
We urge all community members to stay at home and only
go out for the bare necessities such as groceries, medical
care and banking. The freedom of movement has been
restricted for the safety of all people in South Africa – to
save lives – it is in the best interest of every single person
M y fellow South Africans, it is a week
that all the rules of the lockdown are followed. to 402 cases. This number will continue to rise.
since we declared the coronavirus
The work that our foot soldiers in all law enforcement It is clear from the development of the disease in other
pandemic a national disaster and countries and from our own modelling that immediate,
agencies do during this period, must be lauded. Many
members of the SAPS, the South African National Defence announced a package of extraordinary swift and extraordinary action is required if we are to
Force, metro police and traffic department are working measures to combat this grave public prevent a human catastrophe of enormous proportions
in our country. Our fundamental task at this moment is
under strenuous circumstances, away from their families, health emergency.
to contain the spread of the disease.
and in fear for their own health, to protect the nation.
The response of the South African people to this crisis has I am concerned that a rapid rise in infections will stretch
Though we need more police officers to deal with this been remarkable. Millions of our people have understood our health services beyond what we can manage and
disaster and crime in general, for safety reasons, we have the gravity of the situation. Most South Africans have many people will not be able to access the care they
postponed the planned intake of new trainees at all SAPS’s accepted the restrictions that have been placed on their need.
training academies. The training instructors and other lives and have taken responsibility for changing their We must therefore do everything within our means to
police personnel have been redeployed to aid the fight behaviour. reduce the overall number of infections and to delay the
against Covid-19. To limit exposure to the virus, we have spread of infection over a longer period – what is known
also called on the community to only go to police stations I am heartened that every sector of society has been
NATIONAL COMMISSIONER’S MESSAGE for emergencies and urgent matters, so that there is as little mobilised and has accepted the role that it needs to play. From religious
as flattening the curve of infections.
foot traffic as possible. leaders to sporting associations, from political parties to business people, It is essential that every person in this country adheres strictly – and
GENERAL KHEHLA JOHN SITOLE from trade unions to traditional leaders, from NGOs to public servants, without exception – to the regulations that have already been put in place
every part of our society has come forward to confront this challenge.
Management has done everything possible to safeguard and to the measures that I am going to announce this evening. Our analysis
the health of all our troops. We have bought the necessary of the progress of the epidemic informs us that we need to urgently and
Many have had to make difficult choices and sacrifices, but all have been dramatically escalate our response. The next few days are crucial.
protective gear to minimise members’ exposure to the virus,
determined that these choices and sacrifices are absolutely necessary if our
W e watched empathetically as the world as they work in close contact with community members.
country is to emerge stronger from this disaster. Over the past week, South Without decisive action, the number of people infected will rapidly increase
was shaken by the emergence of the This has been done for all SAPS’s employees who are Africans have demonstrated their determination, their sense of purpose,
considered to be performing essential services. from a few hundred to tens of thousands, and within a few weeks to
Covid-19 virus with a false sense of safety, their sense of community and their sense of responsibility. For this, we hundreds of thousands. This is extremely dangerous for a population like
salute you and we thank you.
thinking we were safe from it. Unfortunately, We experienced a few cases of people contracting the virus, ours, with a large number of people with suppressed immunity because of
this deadly Coronavirus came to our shores HIV and TB, and high levels of poverty and malnutrition.
but steps were taken swiftly to evacuate all employees and On behalf of the nation, I would also like to thank the health workers, our
and has endangered the lives of all South decontaminate the buildings where they work, to become, doctors, nurses and paramedics who are on the frontline of the pandemic, We have learnt a great deal from the experiences of other countries. Those
Africans, and has even taken a few. Government, once again, safe for humans to occupy. our teachers, border officials, police and traffic officers and all the other countries that have acted swiftly and dramatically have been far more
people who have been leading our response.
in consultation with healthcare experts, has effective in controlling the spread of the disease. As a consequence, the
We appreciate all the medical practitioners who are at the National Coronavirus Command Council has decided to enforce a nation-
been working around the clock to devise and frontlines as well as the courage and patriotism of every We reiterate that the most effective way to prevent infection is through basic wide lockdown for 21 days with effect from midnight on Thursday 26 March.
implement measures to save lives. single person in the medical sphere working tirelessly to changes in individual behaviour and hygiene. We are therefore once more
treat those infected, while researching ways to inoculate calling on everyone to: This is a decisive measure to save millions of South Africans from infection
As we have seen in other countries where this pandemic those uninfected, to end this global pandemic. and save the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. While this measure
has taken hold, the consequences of preventative and • wash hands frequently with hand sanitisers or soap and water for at will have a considerable impact on people’s livelihoods, on the life of our
treatment measures can have a significant negative impact During such times of uncertainty and fear, it is important least 20 seconds; society and on our economy, the human cost of delaying this action would be
on the economy of a country, which is why Government is that calm prevail. I cannot stress enough the importance of far, far greater.
continuously consulting with the business community and not preying on people’s fear by spreading fake news. This • cover our nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing with tissue
or flexed elbow;
financial experts to implement measures to prevent our has become a punishable offence at the time of the disaster The nation-wide lockdown will be enacted in terms of the Disaster
economy from collapsing. because spreading fake news can endanger the lives of the Management Act and will entail the following:
• avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms.
entire country.
The number of positive Coronavirus cases has risen so • From midnight on Thursday 26 March until midnight on Thursday 16
Everyone must do everything within their means to avoid contact with other April, all South Africans will have to stay at home.
significantly that the President of the country has declared We can only beat this virus if we work together. Let us people. Staying at home, avoiding public places and cancelling all social
a National State of Disaster in South Africa. As such, the cooperate with one another to save lives. activities is the preferred best defence against the virus. • The categories of people who will be exempted from this lockdown
are the following: health workers in the public and private sectors,
Over the past week, as we have been implementing these measures, the emergency personnel, those in security services – such as the police,
ON A JOURNEY TO A SAFER SOUTH AFRICA global crisis has deepened. When I addressed the nation last Sunday there traffic officers, military medical personnel, soldiers – and other
#FightingCrime were over 160,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide. Today, there are persons necessary for our response to the pandemic.
over 340,000 confirmed cases across the world. In South Africa, the number
of confirmed cases has increased six-fold in just eight days from 61 cases
04 05
COVID-19 COVID-19
POLICE MARCH 2020 MARCH 2020 POLICE
It will also include those involved in the production, distribution and supply • International flights to Lanseria Airport will be temporarily R3 billion for industrial funding to address the situation of vulnerable
of food and basic goods, essential banking services, the maintenance of suspended. • To alleviate congestion at payment points, old age pensions and firms and to fast-track financing for companies critical to our efforts
power, water and telecommunications services, laboratory services, and the disability grants will be available for collection from 30 and 31 March to fight the virus and its economic impact.
provision of medical and hygiene products. A full list of essential personnel • International travellers who arrived in South Africa after 9 March 2020, while other categories of grants will be available for collection
will be published. 2020 from high- risk countries will be confined to their hotels until from 01 April 2020. • The Department of Tourism has made an additional R200 million
they have completed a 14-day period of quarantine. available to assist SMEs in the tourism and hospitality sector who are
• Individuals will not be allowed to leave their homes except under All channels for access will remain open, including ATMs, retail point of sale under particular stress due to the new travel restrictions.
strictly controlled circumstances, such as to seek medical care, buy Fellow South Africans, our country finds itself confronted not only by a virus devices, Post Offices and cash pay points.
food, medicine and other supplies or collect a social grant. that has infected more than a quarter of a million people across the globe, I want to make it clear that we expect all South Africans to act in the
but also by the prospects of a very deep economic recession that will cause Secondly, we are going to support people whose livelihoods will be affected. interest of the South African nation and not in their own selfish interests.
• Temporary shelters that meet the necessary hygiene standards will businesses to close and many people to lose their jobs. We will therefore act very strongly against any attempts at corruption and
be identified for homeless people. Sites are also being identified for • We are in consultation on a proposal for a special dispensation profiteering from this crisis.
quarantine and self- isolation for people who cannot self-isolate at Therefore, as we marshal our every resource and our every energy to fight for companies that are in distress because of COVID-19. Through
home. this epidemic, working together with business, we are putting in place this proposal employees will receive wage payment through the I have directed that special units of the NPA be put together to act
measures to mitigate the economic impact both of this disease and of our Temporary Employee Relief Scheme, which will enable companies to immediately and arrest those against who we find evidence of corruption.
• All shops and businesses will be closed, except for pharmacies, economic response to it. pay employees directly during this period and avoid retrenchment. We will work with the judiciary to expedite cases against implicated persons
laboratories, banks, essential financial and payment services, and make sure the guilty go to jail.
including the JSE, supermarkets, petrol stations and health care We are today announcing a set of interventions that will help to cushion • Any employee who falls ill through exposure at their workplace will
providers. our society from these economic difficulties. This is the first phase of the be paid through the Compensation Fund. South Africa has a safe, sound, well-regulated and resilient financial
economic response, and further measures are under consideration and will sector. Since the global financial crisis, we have taken steps to strengthen
Companies that are essential to the production and transportation of food, be deployed as needed. These interventions are quick and targeted. Firstly, • Commercial banks have been exempted from provisions of the the banking system, including increasing capital, improving liquidity and
basic goods and medical supplies will remain open. we are supporting the vulnerable. Competition Act to enable them to develop common approaches to reducing leverage. With a strong financial sector and deep and liquid
debt relief and other necessary measures. domestic capital markets, we have the space to provide support to the real
We will publish a full list of the categories of businesses that should Following consultation with social partners, we have set up a Solidarity economy. We can make sure money flows to firms and households. We can
remain open. Companies whose operations require continuous processes Fund, which South African businesses, organisations and individuals, and We have met with all the major banks and expect that most banks will put ensure that our markets are efficient.
such as furnaces, underground mine operations will be required to members of the international community, can contribute to. The Fund will measures in place within the next few days.
make arrangements for care and maintenance to avoid damage to their focus efforts to combat the spread of the virus, help us to track the spread, Last week, in line with its Constitutional mandate, the South African
continuous operations. care for those who are ill and support those whose lives are disrupted. The • Many large companies that are currently closed have accepted their Reserve Bank cut the repo rate by 100 basis point. This will provide relief to
Fund will complement what we are doing in the public sector. responsibility to pay workers affected. We call on larger businesses consumers and businesses.
Firms that are able to continue their operations remotely should do so. in particular to take care of their workers during this period. The South African Reserve Bank has also proactively provided additional
I am pleased to announce that this Fund will be chaired by Ms Gloria Serobe liquidity to the financial system. The Governor has assured me that the Bank
• Provision will be made for essential transport services to continue, and the deputy Chairperson is Mr Adrian Enthoven. The Fund has a website • In the event that it becomes necessary, we will utilise the reserves is ready to do ‘whatever it takes’ to ensure the financial sector operates well
including transport for essential staff and for patients who need to be – www.solidarityfund.co.za – and you can begin to deposit monies into within the UIF system to extend support to those workers in SMEs during this pandemic.
managed elsewhere. the account tonight. The Fund will be administered by a reputable team of and other vulnerable firms who are faced with loss of income and
people, drawn from financial institutions, accounting firms and government. whose companies are unable to provide support. Details of these will The banking system will remain open, the JSE will continue to function, the
The nation-wide lockdown is necessary to fundamentally disrupt the chain It will fully account for every cent contributed and will publish the details on be made available within the next few days. national payment system will continue to operate and the Reserve Bank
of transmission across society. the website. It will have a board of eminent South Africans to ensure proper and the commercial banks will ensure that bank notes and coins remain
governance. Thirdly, we are assisting businesses that may be in distress. available. The action we are taking now will have lasting economic costs. But
I have accordingly directed the South African National Defence Force be we are convinced that the cost of not acting now would be far greater.
deployed to support the South African Police Service in ensuring that the To get things moving, Government is providing seed capital of R150 million • Using the tax system, we will provide a tax subsidy of up to R500 per
measures we are announcing are implemented. and the private sector has already pledged to support this fund with month for the next four months for those private sector employees We will prioritise the lives and livelihoods of our people above all else, and
financial contributions in the coming period. We will be spending money to earning below R6,500 under the Employment Tax Incentive. This will will use all of the measures that are within our power to protect them from
This nationwide lockdown will be accompanied by a public health save lives and to support the economy. help over 4 million workers. the economic consequences of this pandemic.
management programme which will significantly increase screening, In the days, weeks and months ahead our resolve, our resourcefulness and
testing, contact tracing and medical management. In this regard, we must applaud the commitment made in this time of crisis • The South African Revenue Service will also work towards our unity as a nation will be tested as never before. I call on all of us, one
by the Rupert and Oppenheimer families of R1 billion each to assist small accelerating the payment of employment tax incentive and all, to play our part.
Community health teams will focus on expanding screening and testing businesses and their employees affected by the coronavirus pandemic. reimbursements from twice a year to monthly to get cash into the To be courageous, to be patient, and above all, to show compassion. Let us
where people live, focusing first on high density and high-risk areas. hands of compliant employers as soon as possible. never despair. For we are a nation at one, and we will surely prevail. May
We are concerned that there are a number of businesses that are God protect our people.
To ensure that hospitals are not overwhelmed, a system will be put in place selling certain goods at excessively high prices. This cannot be allowed. • Tax compliant businesses with a turnover of less than R50 million
for ‘centralised patient management’ for severe cases and ‘decentralised Regulations have been put in place to prohibit unjustified price hikes, to will be allowed to delay 20% of their pay-as-you-earn liabilities over Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika. Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso. God seën Suid-Afrika.
primary care’ for mild cases. ensure shops maintain adequate stocks of basic goods and to prevent the next four months and a portion of their provisional corporate God bless South Africa. Mudzimu fhatutshedza Afurika. Hosi katekisa Afrika.
people from income tax payments without penalties or interest over the next six
Emergency water supplies – using water storage tanks, water tankers, ‘panic buying’. months. This intervention is expected to assist over 75 000 small and I thank you.
boreholes and communal standpipes – are being provided to informal medium-term enterprises.
settlements and rural areas. It is important for all South Africans to understand that the supply of goods
remains continuous and supply chains remain intact. • We are exploring the temporary reduction of employer and employee
A number of additional measures will be implemented with immediate contributions to the Unemployment Insurance Fund and employer
effect to strengthen prevention measures. Some of those measures are Government has had discussions with manufacturers and distributors of contributions to the Skill Development Fund.
that: basic necessities, who have indicated that there will be a continuous supply
of these goods. There is therefore no need for stockpiling of any items. • The Department of Small Business Development has made over R500
• South African citizens and residents arriving from high-risk countries million available immediately to assist small and medium enterprises
will automatically be placed under quarantine for 14 days. • A safety net is being developed to support persons in the informal that are in distress through a simplified application process.
sector, where most businesses will suffer as a result of this
• Non-South Africans arriving on flights from high-risk countries we shutdown. More details will be announced as soon as we have • The Industrial Development Corporation has put a package together
prohibited a week ago will be turned back. completed the work of assistance measures that will be put in place. with the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition of more than
06 07
COVID-19 COVID-19
POLICE MARCH 2020 MARCH 2020 POLICE
What are the symptoms of COVID-19? In addition, borders were closed to reduce the rate of
infection from those travelling into South Africa from other
COVID-19
Current symptoms reported for patients with COVID-19 have countries. A quarantine was also enforced on inbound
included mild to severe respiratory illness with coughing, travellers and returning citizens.
sore throat, shortness of breath or fever.
Latest measures
The complete clinical picture with regard to COVID-19 is still
not fully clear. Reported illnesses have ranged from infected On 1 April, Minister of Health, Dr Zweli Mkhize, launched 60
people with little to no symptoms to people being severely new mobile laboratories to boost the country’s capacity to
ill and dying. test for COVID-19.
How is COVID-19 treated? The sampling and testing units, procured by the National
Health Laboratory Service, will be deployed nationwide to
Treatment is supportive (providing oxygen for patients all priority districts and metros.
with shortness of breath or treating a fever, for example).
To date, there is no specific antiviral treatment available. Over 10,000 community healthcare workers will be
Antibiotics do not treat viral infections. However, antibiotics deployed across the country for door-to-door household
may be required if a bacterial secondary infection develops. screening.
How can you prevent infection? Each province has been requested to start working on this
strategy by deploying provincial community healthcare
The following can provide protection against infection workers, with appropriate Personal Protective Equipment,
from Coronaviruses and many other viruses that are more to undertake a house-to-house programme of “no-touch”
common in South Africa: screening for Covid-19 symptoms and to refer symptomatic
people to clinics for testing.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water for at
least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not available, In addition, PEPFAR-funded District Support Partners have
use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser. been instructed to support provinces in this programme.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with
unwashed hands.
Emergency Hotline
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Avoid close contact with people who are sick. 0800 029 999
• Stay at home when you are sick and try and keep a
distance from others at home.
WhatsApp Support Line
0600-123456
What is the corona virus? • Cover your cough or sneeze with a flexed elbow or a
tissue, then throw the tissue in the bin. twitterinstagramwhatsapp
Human Coronaviruses are common throughout the world. There are many different coronaviruses
• Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and
identified in animals but only a small number of these can cause disease in humans.
surfaces.
On 7 January 2020, ‘Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2’ (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed What we are doing in South Africa?
as the causative agent of ‘Coronavirus Disease 2019’ or COVID-19. The majority of the case-patients
initially identified were dealers and vendors at a seafood, poultry and live wildlife market in China. On 23 March 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced
Since then, the virus has spread to more than 100 countries, including South Africa. a new measure to combat the spread of the Covid-19
coronavirus in South Africa – a three-week nationwide
lockdown with severe restrictions on travel and movement,
supported by the South African National Defence Force
Who is most at risk? How is it transmitted? – from midnight on Thursday, 26 March, to midnight on
Thursday, 16 April. The President said more needed to
Currently, travellers to areas where there is ongoing While the first cases probably involved exposure to an be done to avoid “an enormous catastrophe” among the
sustained transmission of COVID-19 including Mainland animal source, the virus now seems to be spreading from population.
China (all provinces), Hong Kong, Japan, Republic of Korea, person-to-person. The spread of the disease is thought
Singapore, Vietnam, Taiwan, Italy and the Islamic Republic of to happen mainly via respiratory droplets produced when In essence, this meant people would only be allowed to
Iran are at greatest risk of infection. an infected person coughs or sneezes, similar to how leave their homes to buy food, seek medical help or under
influenza and other respiratory pathogens spread. Thus far, other extreme circumstances.
Furthermore, the elderly, individuals with co-morbidities the majority of cases have occurred in people with close
and healthcare workers have been found to be at a higher physical contact to cases and healthcare workers caring for The lockdown follows government regulations that limited
risk of death. patients with COVID-19. public gatherings, travel from high-risk countries and the
sale of alcohol.
08 09
POLICE MARCH 2020
COVID-19 COVID-19 MARCH 2020 POLICE
TOUGH ACTION FOLLOWING
COVID-19 DISASTER MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS
By Capt Vincent Mukhathi
Photographs by Capt Ndanduleni Nyambeni
T he Minister of Police, General Bheki Cele,
pronounced stringent measures to ensure
that the police enforce the implementation of the
newly gazetted Covid-19 Disaster Management
Regulations in stamping the authority of the
State.
Addressing the media at the briefing held at the Government
Communication and Information Systems headquarters
on 20 March 2020, Minister Cele highlighted that new
regulations, especially section 10, empowered him to issue
directions to address, prevent and combat the spread of
Covid-19 in all provinces, police precincts and holding cells.
“I have directed the management of the SAPS to implement
measures that will see all members, particularly those who
are in close contact with different communities who visit our
police stations, provided with maximum protection against
possible infection of the Coronavirus,” he said.
Minister Cele said the police have already procured
protective gloves and hand sanitisers for police stations
and holding cells. He added that urgent procurement
trainees who would have commenced with police training in In his concluding remarks, Minister Cele warned that anyone
processes were underway to ensure adequate supplies to
April 2020, at all SAPS academies countrywide. Measures who disregarded the 21-day lockdown, would be arrested
all community service centres.
have been put in place to ensure that training instructors and face the full might of the law. He also emphasised that
at the various SAPS academies are used optimally in the the aim of implementing the law, was not to punish the
General Cele emphasised that he had instructed the
implementation of measures to combat Covid-19,” said public but a measure to curb the spread of the Covid-19
management of the SAPS to ensure that the members on
Minister Cele. virus.
the ground were catered for and that all members on duty
complied with the Covid-19 hygiene protocol.
Law enforcement will also not spare people who spread
fake news about Covid-19. Minister Cele emphasised that
He further elaborated that members of the public visiting
the police and State Security Agency had the capacity of
police stations would be required to cooperate with police
tracing fake news, saying that people who spread news
members on duty regarding newly-implemented hygiene
declared to be fake, would feel the might of the law.
protocols, especially sanitisation when entering police
stations.
Minister Cele also announced measures to increase the
policing of gender-based violence during the lockdown,
Minister Cele urged members of the community to, as far as
after people raised concerns that abuse might increase in
possible, limit walk-ins and to only visit police stations when
homes due to the isolation.
it was absolutely necessary. He also urged them to postpone
going to police stations for non-urgent matters such as
“We have sharpened FCS (Family Violence, Crime Prevention
police clearance applications, firearm licence renewal
and Sexual Offences) Units at police stations. We are putting
applications and document certification.
our FCS Units at all the stations to be able to respond to any
form of abuse at home,” he said.
The enrolment of 7 000 police trainees set for 2020 was
suspended until further notice.
“I have subsequently issued an instruction to suspend,
with immediate effect, the recruitment and intake of new
10 11
POLICE MARCH 2020
COVID-19 COVID-19 MARCH 2020 POLICE
POLICE ENFORCE LAW AND ORDER
ON FIRST DAY OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN
By Capt Vincent Mukhathi
Photographs by Capt Ndanduleni Nyambeni
P olice members were
holding roadblocks
to enforce measures
Minister Cele also explained that he spent time with the
commanders and members who were deployed to conduct
roadblocks and enforce the regulations when the lockdown
started. He also attended four main roadblocks on the major
to tackle the spread of exit and entrance routes in Gauteng.
Covid-19 across South
Africa when the clock “Some of us spent time with forces on the ground, who were
struck midnight on 26 implementing the lockdown and enforcing the law. After 12
HUMAN RIGHTS
o’clock, cars going to Limpopo on the N1 from Gauteng were
March 2020, signalling the
turned back. And other roadblocks were held on the N4 to
official commencement North West and N3 heading to KwaZulu-Natal. No cars were
of the nationwide 21-day allowed to pass,” said Minister Cele.
TO BE PRIORITISED DURING 21-DAY LOCKDOWN lockdown due to the virus.
In addition to the roadblocks, the police attended to hotspot
By Capt Vincent Mukhathi areas like Soshanguve to ensure that liquor outlets were
Photographs by Capt Ndanduleni Nyambeni This follows President Cyril Ramaphosa’s national address shut and no selling and consumption were taking place.
on 23 March 2020, when he ordered the deployment of the Some visits to hotspots were in response to the growing list
South African Defence Force (SANDF), the SAPS and other of tip-offs the police continue to receive from caring citizens.
P resident Cyril Ramaphosa has called on
police officers not to violate the rights of
the citizens of the Republic of South Africa, but
members to read the lockdown and the National Disaster
Act regulations carefully in order to implement them
without violating human rights.
law enforcement agencies to ensure that all the national
disaster management measures to curtail the spread of
Covid-19, were implemented in the country.
Minister Cele also confirmed that 172 roadblocks had been
held across the country, and about 24 000 members were
deployed and were complemented by the SANDF, metro
police and other law enforcement officers.
to save lives against the invisible enemy – the In the same vein, President Ramaphosa sent out a stern
The National Command Council held a media briefing at
Coronavirus – during the 21-day lockdown. warning to people who wanted to take chances, cut corners, Acknowledging the shortcomings that had been
the Government Communication and Information System
and challenge the authority of the State. experienced on the first day of the lockdown, Minister
Head Office in Pretoria on 27 March 2020, where the
On 25 March 2020, President Ramaphosa, addressing police Minister of Police, General Bheki Cele lauded the police for Cele indicated that talks were underway between the
officials, traffic officials and metro police members on “I have a clear message, this is not a time to play with Departments of Police, Trade and Industry and Transport
conducting successful operations enforcing the lockdown
parade at the SAPS Tshwane Academy on the eve of the 21- fire. This is not the time to play with the people of South to address issues such as long queues at shops where
and confirmed that 55 arrests for offences related to the
day nationwide lockdown, told them that their duty during Africa. We are deadly serious about saving lives. We will not people were not observing social distancing rules and the
contravention of the regulations since the commencement
the lockdown was to save lives and ensure that human tolerate those who will be taking the lives of the people of transporting of essential workers.
of the lockdown, had been effected.
rights were upheld. South Africa for granted. Those who want to take chances or
do wrong things will of cause meet the wrath of the South The Minister issued a stern warning to those who lie to
“ In the Free State we arrested five; in Gauteng we arrested
“Let us make sure that as the police, we do not do anything African State,” he said. the police and queue at shops and pharmacies merely as
20 (of which six were in Alexandra); in KwaZulu-Natal we
that is going to violate the rights of our people by mistake arrested seven; in Limpopo we arrested seven; in the North an opportunity to go out for reasons other than acquiring
or unintentionally. Let us go and do the right thing for the President Ramaphosa also took time to encourage essential goods and/or services. The police are under
West we arrested 11 and in the Western Cape we arrested
people of South Africa and save lives, guide them and show members of the SAPS and other law enforcement agencies instruction to deal decisively with such chancers.
two. These are people who did not have goodwill and these
them the way,” he said. to provide professional and effective services to the citizens
people were doing exactly what they were told not to do,”
of South Africa during this difficult time of fighting the Minister Cele also assured the citizens of the country that
said Minister Cele.
President Ramaphosa further urged the police not to be pandemic. the police will respond swiftly to all genuine tip-offs.
violent when implementing the 21-day lockdown regulations Giving details of the circumstances surrounding the arrests, “I have a long list of tip-offs. I promise that we are going to
set to curtail the spread of the Coronavirus. “Officers, I send you off to go among our people to provide be responding fast to these people that are messing up the
General Cele said: “They were arrested for hosting street
services. You are expected, as police officers of the good will and good work that South Africans are doing, and
bashes and public drinking. They were undermining the
“I expect as you implement the 21-day lockdown, to do so democratic Republic of South Africa, to have compassion, it is about saving lives,” he said
law, but above that, undermining the lives of South Africans
with compassion, great understanding, respect and humility. understanding and be able to provide assistance to our
and their own lives. What is happening here, is not a war on
This is not a ‘skop en donner’ moment. This is a moment people. Our people are terrified right now and we should He called on the people of South Africa to partner with the
any South African – it is a war against the enemy called the
where we save lives and encourage our people to look after not do anything, as government officials and police service government to defeat this scourge, but he warned those
Coronavirus.”
themselves and abide by the regulations,” he said. officials, to make their situation worse. who do not want to cooperate with the government.
Praising the many South Africans who were abiding by the “If you do not join us, if you do not walk with us, we will force
President Ramaphosa also emphasised that as the citizens This is a moment to go out and put the interests of the South you to walk with us,” he said.
law, Minister Cele said: “We had a good night and it was a
of the Republic of South Africa locked themselves in their Africans ahead of our own. Let us go and serve the people
success. A large number of South Africans had goodwill
homes in an effort to stop the spread of the virus, the duty of of South Africa. Officers, I wish you well on all that you will The Deputy Minister of Police, Mr Cassel Mathale and the
and our phones were abuzz with reports of wrongdoing.
the police officials was to ensure the implementation of the do. Let us serve our people with dignity and integrity,” said National Commissioner, General Khehla Sitole, attended
As a result of working with many good South Africans, we
lockdown regulations without infringing on citizen’s rights President Ramaphosa. various roadblocks and gave support to the forces on the
arrested people who were breaking the regulations.”
to access food, medication or health facilities. He urged ground on the first day of the nation-wide lockdown.
12 13
POLICE MARCH 2020
COVID-19 COVID-19 MARCH 2020 POLICE
COVID-19 LOCKDOWN REGULATIONS
· Gatherings
o All social gatherings are banned. These
include -
Compiled by Lt Col FP Maphanga
church services
cultural rituals
weddings
T he rampant spread of the Coronavirus
(Covid-19) has seen the President of South
Africa, Mr Cyril Ramaphosa, declare a State of
o Funerals are permitted but are limited to
50 persons, and a valid permit must first be
obtained for every person to attend.
National Disaster for three months.
o Any person who contravenes these
President Ramaphosa, in consultation with his Cabinet regulations, is guilty of an offence and, on
and the business community, introduced various new conviction, liable to a fine or to imprisonment
regulations – under constant monitoring and immediate for a period not exceeding six months or to
amendment if and when necessary – in an effort to curb the both such fine and imprisonment.
spread of the virus, while balancing this with people’s basic
needs. · Public services · Fake news
These Regulations include the following: o Grant recipients will be allowed to go and draw o Any person who publishes any statement
their grants at their usual outlets. through any medium, including social media,
· Positive Covid-19 with the intention to deceive any other person
o The Department of Home Affairs will only about -
o A person may be imprisoned for up to six issue death certificates and replacement IDs.
months and face a fine if they misrepresent Covid-19
being infected with Covid-19. o The Licensing Department will be closed. Any
licences expiring during the lockdown, will the Covid-19 status of any
o Any person who intentionally exposes be considered still valid and allowed to be person
· Freedom of movement
another person to Covid-19, including refusing renewed thereafter.
treatment, may be prosecuted for an offence, any measures taken by the
o All people must isolate themselves in their Government to address
including assault, attempted murder or homes. o Refuse removal will still take place.
murder. Covid-19,
o All ports of entry are closed. commits an offence and is liable, on
· Businesses · Transport
o Banks will be open but the public is conviction, to a fine or to imprisonment for a
o No movement from one province/district to period not exceeding six months or to both
encouraged to use online services. another, is allowed without a valid permit to o All public transportation has been banned
except for taxis, buses, e-hailing services for such fine and imprisonment.
do so.
o Restaurants/Pubs etc are closed. essential services.
o No visitors are permitted at hospitals or o The Minister of Police, General Bheki Cele,
o Lodges/hotels etc are closed. correctional facilities. o The taxis/buses/private vehicles may not be warned that law enforcement officers would
more than 70% full. not spare people who spread fake news
o Beauty salons/spas etc are closed. o All schools are closed. about Covid-19 and warned that the police
and the State Security Agency had the
o Supermarkets and pharmacies will remain open, but o All people must remain in their places of capacity of tracing fake news, saying that
may only sell essential items. The sale of the residence and may only leave their home to - people who spread news declared to be fake,
following have been banned: would be dealt with seriously.
buy essential groceries every
Tobacco products two to three days at their
Alcohol (people may also not transport nearest supermarket Any person who contravenes these Regulations is guilty
liquor bought prior to the ban) go the bank of an offence and, on conviction, liable to a fine or to
Colour cosmetics seek medical assistance imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months or to
provide an essential service both such fine and imprisonment.
o Those found in contravention of these (e.g. policing, healthcare)
regulations will be fined/and or imprisoned,
while liquor outlet owners face the possibility o No jogging/walking pets.
of losing their liquor licences.
14 POLICE MARCH 2020 EHW EHW MARCH 2020 POLICE 15
SELF-CARE AND BEING CAREFUL WHAT YOU
TELL YOUR CHILDREN ABOUT THE CORONAVIRUS, Maybe you love puzzles, but with rushing between Instead, try to answer your child’s questions honestly
work and home and caring for children, it has been and clearly. It is okay if you cannot answer everything,
WILL BENEFIT THE ENTIRE FAMILY years since you had the time to build one. If young
children make solo activities unrealistic, seek out
since being available to your child is what matters.
Compiled by Capt Tshetlanyane activities you can enjoy together, like baking bread, or • Be reassuring. Children are very egocentric, so
drawing/colouring pictures. hearing about the Coronavirus on the news, may be
enough to make them seriously worried that they will
• Be realistic - “Perfectionism and the Coronavirus do catch it. It is helpful to reassure your child that most
not mix,” says David Anderson, a clinical psychologist children seem to develop only mild symptoms.
with a PhD at the Child Mind Institute. “It is time to be
exceedingly realistic, both at work and as a parent.” • Focus on what you are doing to stay safe. An
Avoid burnout by setting realistic expectations important way to reassure children is to emphasize
and giving yourself grace if you cannot meet them. the safety precautions that you are taking. Jamie
“Practise forgiveness and self-compassion,” says Dr Howard, a child psychologist with a PhD at the Child
Anderson. Parents should remind themselves that Mind Institute, says, “Children feel empowered when
these are unprecedented times. they know what to do to keep themselves safe.” We
know that the Coronavirus is transmitted mostly by
Finally, remember that being kind to yourself will not only coughing and touching surfaces and that the primary
help you stay calm during this difficult time, it will help means of staying healthy is to thoroughly wash your
ensure that you have the bandwidth you need to take good hands. So remind your children that they are taking
care of your family. When you are running on fumes, caring care of themselves by washing their hands with soap
for others can tax your already depleted resources to and water for 20 seconds (or the length of two ‘Happy
breaking point. But when you prioritise your needs, you are Birthday’ songs) when they come in from outside,
filling your tank, emotionally and physically, and that means before they eat, after blowing their noses, coughing,
you will be in a better position to offer comfort and care sneezing or using the bathroom. If they ask about face
to others when they need it most. https://childmind.org/ masks, explain that the experts say that masks are
article/self-care-in-the-time-of-coronavirus/ not necessary for most people. If they, however, see
people wearing it, explain that those people are being
If you are wondering how to discuss the pandemic in a way extra cautious.
that will be reassuring to your children and not make them
more worried than they might already be, here is some • Stick to a routine. “We do not like uncertainty, so
advice from the experts at the Child Mind Institute: staying rooted in routines and predictability, will be
helpful,” advises Dr Domingues. Structured days with
• Do not be afraid to discuss the Coronavirus. Most regular mealtimes and bedtimes are an essential part
children will already have heard about the virus or of keeping children happy and healthy.
Taking care of yourself is not a luxury, it is essential at this difficult time seen people wearing face masks, so parents should
when the children are at home and are bored. not avoid talking about it. Not talking about something • Keep talking. Tell your children that you will keep
can actually make children worry more. Look at the them updated as you obtain more information.
conversation as an opportunity to convey the facts and https://childmind.org/article/talking-to-kids-about-
set the emotional tone. the-coronavirus/
Here are five self-care tips: Institute. This does not mean pressuring yourself to
get into tip-top shape or not eating something nice. It
means being thoughtful about how you are treating • Deal with your own anxiety. “When you are feeling
• Make time for yourself - Much of the personal time
your body. most anxious, is not the time to talk to your children
that was part of our daily routine, (commuting, time
about what is happening with the Coronavirus,” warns
alone at home or at the shop, time with friends) is
• Set boundaries - Anxiety has become common Dr Janine Domingues, a child psychologist with a PhD
no longer possible for those with children at home.
right now. With so many people being worried and at the Child Mind Institute. Take some time to calm
Without it, we have to intentionally create space to Keep safe and should you require counselling, you are welcome
uncertain, it can be easy to absorb other people’s down before trying to have a conversation and being
recharge and decompress. This could be taking a to contact Social Work Services at 079 880 5966 or 012 393
fears and concerns without even realising it. If you able to answer your child’s questions.
shower or bath or designating time to read. 5472 or liaise with any of the SAPS’s Family and Relationship
have a friend or family member who is in the habit of Desk members:
sending worst-case-scenario news, practise a little • Take your cues from your child. Invite your child
• Prioritise healthy choices - The added stress and
emotional distancing. Let them know you sympathise to tell you anything they may have heard about the
lack of structure many of us are experiencing now, • Lt Col C Kleingeld at 012 393 5192 and
but that you are taking a break from worrying news. Coronavirus and how they feel. Give them ample
can make it easy to slip into habits that feel good in kleingeldc@saps.gov.za
You can always reconnect when things are calmer. opportunity to raise the questions they might be
the moment, but can be detrimental in the long run. • Capt V Nkosi at 012 393 5244 and NkosiViolet@saps.gov.za
having, but do not elaborate - your goal is to avoid
“Make sure you are eating properly, try to get enough • Capt LK Mahlase at 012 393 5187 and
• Reconnect with things you enjoy - Get back in touch encouraging frightening fantasies.
sleep (but not too much!), and create a routine that MahlaseL2@saps.gov.za.
includes physical activity,” recommends Jill Emanuele, with hobbies or activities you enjoy, but rarely have
time for, or make the choice to learn a new skill. • Be developmentally appropriate. Do not volunteer
a clinical psychologist with a PhD at the Child Mind
too much information, as this may be overwhelming.
16 17
POLICE MARCH 2020
COVID-19 COVID-19 MARCH 2020 POLICE
FLASH NEWS FLASH NEWS
COVID-19 LOCKDOWN: ALL HANDS ON DECK MPUMALANGA The police were urged to work closely with other law
enforcement agencies during the lockdown period in their
quest to ensure compliance with the Covid-19 regulations.
The Provincial Commissioner of the SAPS in Mpumalanga,
By Various Provincial Communication Officers It was also noted with great concern, that adults had the
Lt Gen Mondli Zuma, reassured the public that all police
stations in the province would remain open during the tendency to either send or bring along children for grocery
nationwide lockdown. shopping. Parents were urged to refrain from doing so
NORTHERN CAPE The Provincial Commissioner’s assurance came after false
news indicating that Witbank Police Station had closed for
immediately to protect children from exposure to the
Coronavirus.
The Deputy Minister of Police, Mr Cassel Mathale, the the period of the lockdown, was spread on social media.
National Commissioner of Police of the SAPS, Lt Gen Khehla
Sitole, Deputy National Commissioner Sindisile Mfazi, as Lt Gen Zuma called on the public to stop spreading fake
well as the Northern Cape’s MEC for Transport, Safety news. “The country is faced with a serious challenge, but
and Liaison, Ms Nontobeko Vilakazi, and the Provincial people choose to use this as an opportunity to play games
Commissioner, Lt Gen Risimati Shivuri, addressed a joint and spread false news. People must know that spreading
parade in Kimberley where all law enforcement agencies false news is an offence that is punishable by law, and
geared themselves up to perform Covid-19 operational those who participate in such activities, will be dealt with
duties. accordingly.
In his address, Deputy Minister Mathale lauded law Police stations are essential facilities which play a critical
enforcement agencies for braving the outbreak of the role in the fight against crime and, therefore, will not close.
Covid-19 pandemic by ensuring that they carried out the We cannot afford to have people who maliciously distribute
instructions of President Cyril Ramaphosa. deceiving information to the public. Our services are
continuously needed by the community, and we are always
there to provide such services to them,” he said.
Witbank Police Station and other police stations across
Mpumalanga, are fully operational despite the lockdown.
He also encouraged members on parade to take
precautionary measures by wearing protective masks,
maintaining minimal physical contact, as well as washing
and/or sanitising their hands. EASTERN CAPE
The Deputy Minister concluded his tour by attending a The police in the Eastern Cape held a Covid-19 awareness
roadblock on the N8, visiting grant pay-out centres in campaign to sensitise the community about the lockdown
Kimberley, as well as conducting a parade of SAPS and regulations. They warned the public to practise social
South African Defence Force members in Galeshewe. distancing and limit non-essential gatherings and
movement. The community was also encouraged to report
non-compliance in their residential areas to their respective
authorities for intervention
LIMPOPO
The Provincial Commissioner of Limpopo, Lt Gen FREE STATE
Nneke Ledwaba, accompanied by the Seshego
Cluster Commander, Maj Gen Sam Mokgonyana The Deputy Minister of Police, Mr Cassel Mathale, the
and the Station Commander, Brig Gift Makhubele, National Commissioner of the SAPS, General Khehla Sitole
visited supermarkets in Polokwane to check on and his top management attended a number of Covid-19
their compliance with the Covid-19 lockdown lockdown joint pperations in the Free State to assess
regulations. adherence to the regulations.
SAPS members gathered for a parade at Twin City Mall
in Bloemfontein where Deputy Minister Mathale and
his entourage checked the state of readiness of law
enforcement agencies and adherence to the 21-Day
lockdown regulations.
General Khehla Sitole urged law enforcement agencies and
the community to take precautionary measures to beat the
pandemic.18 POLICE MARCH 2020 MARCH 2020 POLICE 19
MAJ GEN DE BEER RETIRES
By Internal Communication
MAJ GEN MANAMELA RETIRES
By Internal Communication
M aj Gen Sally de Beer bids farewell to the
SAPS after forty years of serving and
protecting the nation.
M aj Gen Lesiba Manamela bow out after 33
years of serving and protecting
Maj Gen Lesiba Manamela is among the outstanding leaders
As Maj Gen Sally de Beer reached the end of her journey who bowed down to his calling and bid farewell to SAPS
as a South African Police Service (SAPS’s) employee due family on the 31 March 2020.
to early retirement, her SAPS’s history is a mixture of the
excellent services she rendered determinedly and untiringly. The dedicated Maj Gen Manamela is counted along the
Maj Gen De Beer brought her vast knowledge to the SAPS’s myriad of the loyal, bold and brave police officials who gave
Corporate Communication and Liaison Component at a time their lives in the interest to serve and protect the citizenry of
when many did not understand the work and function of the country with deeper sense of humility.
communications within the organisation.
For the past 33 years, Maj Gen Manamela tightly donned the
Her determination and work ethics, enabled her to never blue uniform and fastened his boots with pride to deliver
shy away from the challenges she encountered, but instead quality services.
it sharpened and motivated her to drive Communication
and Liaison to become one of the vital SAPS components, As a police officials, Maj Gen Manamela knew that he had to
and to ensure that the Corporate Image, Branding, put the interest of the communities before his.
Marketing, Media Liaison and most importantly, Internal
Communication Sections, had a positive image internally In his goodbye message to those he worked closely with and
and externally. to the SAPS family, Maj Gen Manamela said although he is
bidding farewell to the blue uniform, which he will always
“You have carried a heavy burdens to serve the South cherish the good working relations and memories made
African Police Service and rendered your unsung services during his tenure in the SAPS.
with pride. You have not displayed any element of weariness
and tiredness, even when the burden was becoming heavier. “I will bid farewell with charitable memories to my second
You continued to soldier on with ambition to ensure that the family, the South African Police Service. The past 33 years
SAPS’s objectives and mandate were achieved, and to raise Although her early departure has been a bitter pill to have been an adventure that I will never forget and that I will
the SAPS’s flag high.” swallow for the SAPS’s management and those she treasure for as long as I live. I was privileged to be part of
closely worked with, her knowledge and skills have been the South African Police Service family and the opportunity
“You were always determined to create a safe and secure instrumental to the organisation and shall live on, as she given to evolve and grow as an individual. I am leaving
environment for all the people in South Africa,” said the has imparted her expertise to the impending leaders in the without a tainted reputation, I was consistent when coming
Deputy National Commissioner for Human Resource SAPS. to compliance and enforcement of the prescripts of the
Management, Lt Gen Mgwenya, who shared words of organisation,” said Maj Gen Manamela during his emotional
appreciation at the time of bidding farewell to one of the Maj Gen De Beer was awarded a certificate of service by Lt farewell.
longest serving and an unwavering SAPS’s stalwart, the Gen Mgwenya on behalf of the SAPS’s management, as a
Component Head of Corporate Communication and Liaison, gesture of appreciation for her loyal service over her long Lt Gen Dimpane honoured the departure of Maj Gen
Maj Gen Sally de Beer. career in the SAPS. Manamela and presented certificates and gifts that reflected
element of gratitude and recognition for the longest serving
Maj Gen De Beer left the SAPS at 59 after having made an Maj Gen De Beer, the SAPS’s management applauds your and an unshakable commitment manifested by the retiring
indelible mark. She has served the organisation with pride dedication and all your years of hard work to serve and Maj Gen Manamela.
for 40 years since she joined the SAPS on 1 April 1980. Maj protect the nation. We salute you!
Gen De Beer has the satisfaction of knowing that she had
been a good foot soldier who had never hesitated, but who
always carried the SAPS’s badge with pride, and who flew
the SAPS’s Flag higher than expected.
She has been instrumental in ensuring that provincial
offices and police stations work together to improve and
protect the image and reputation of the organisation,
including the sharing of best practices, always with
professionalism.You can also read
