President Grover Cleveland's Goodwill Tour of 1887
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
President Grover Cleveland’s
Goodwill Tour of 1887
JOHN WHITe
E very effective politician understands the
importance and tone of public contact. From the first,
presidents, as the nation’s chief magistrates, have recog-
perhaps he would do so in the fall. He discussed the idea
with his secretary, Colonel Daniel Lamont. As secretary,
Lamont acted as chief of staff. He was also an intelli-
nized the need to leave the White House and mingle gent, efficient, and, most of all, extremely loyal aide to
with the voters, especially when an election is in the off- the commander in chief, with a shrewd knowledge of
ing. President Grover Cleveland was a Democrat in a press relations.
largely Republican nation. His opponents had held the That Cleveland had remained so close to home
White House with little trouble for almost a quarter cen- surely at least in part reflected the general concern over
tury beginning with Abraham Lincoln’s inauguration in presidential safety and public appearances, the assassi-
1861. Loss of it to Cleveland in 1884 was devastating, nation of James A. Garfield having taken place only six
and the Republicans planned to regain the presidency in years before. Cleveland and Lamont talked about a
1888. “grand tour” as far as the Pacific Northwest. On this
When Grover Cleveland set out to thwart the tour they would spend some time camping out in
Republican assault, he could reflect on several goodwill Yellowstone. Wouldn’t it be wonderful, they thought, to
tours. But they were too parochial—a visit home to be in clean wilderness air away from soggy and smoggy
Clinton, New York, or to Philadelphia. Cleveland was Washington? As the planning went ahead, the trip was
not at all well traveled and had rarely been outside of pared back to a little over three weeks. There was not
New York State before he became president. Sometime time for the Far West, but the Midwest and the South
in May 1887, a delegation from St. Louis visited him in could be incorporated into a 5,000-mile journey that
Washington, D.C. Its members pressed him so persist- went as far north as St. Paul, and as far west as Omaha,
ently to make a visit to St. Louis that he agreed, saying and as far south as Montgomery, Alabama. There were
longtime precedents for such trips; nearly every presi-
dent since and including George Washington had consid-
Baltimore & Potomac Railroad Station (also called ered such journeys part of their official business.
national gallery of art, gallery archives
Pennsylvania Station) in Washington, D.C., September The assistance of George Pullman was enlisted to
1881, draped in mourning for President James A. assemble a suitable train. A part-time resident of
Garfield, who fell in the station to an assassin’s Washington, he was delighted to be of service and was
bullet the previous July and died in September.
eager to make friends with those in positions of power.
Cleveland made it clear he would pay all costs; as a
President Grover Cleveland’s tour departed from here.
reform politician he would not consider any arrange-
Pullman Palace Car, was a veteran dating back to 1877 ing slightly to acknowledge their presence. The sun had Cleveland, dressed in green silk and carrying a bouquet
but, as Pullman’s own vehicle, it was kept in a perfect set when the train reached the hamlet of Grapeville of roses, smiled sweetly and won the day. A fine car-
state of repair. even so, for this trip, it received new about 20 miles east of Pittsburgh and suddenly halted. riage pulled by eight gray horses and draped in the fed-
upholstery in gen d’orne blue and a copper-colored plush. The president and his wife, Frances, whom he—and eral flag carried the presidential couple to the state capi-
The interior paneling of bird’s-eye maple, mahogany, and most of the world—called “Frankie,” were escorted to tol building, where they greeted and shook hands with
cherry was varnished to a heightened sheen. the rear platform. There was a great roar of steam sound- about 20,000 well-wishers.
Two days before the departure date of September ing like the exhaust of an impatient ocean liner. In the The Clevelands began driving around the city so as
30, the cars were brought to Pennsylvania Station in blackness of the night a Roman candle arched upward to be seen. early in the afternoon they were received in
Washington, located on the Mall where the National and ignited a flame 10 feet wide and 100 feet tall, light- the home of eliza Hendricks, widow of Cleveland’s vice
Gallery of Art now stands. Pullman rode to Washington ing the countryside in an eerie and beautiful fashion. It president Thomas Hendricks, who had died about nine
in the P.P.C. and visited the White House to assure the was a tribute arranged especially for the presidential train months after taking office. Rain threatened, as the sun
president that everything was ready for his trip, down to by a gas pipeline manager in the town. After a grateful was intermittently covered by clouds. After more sight-
the fresh-cut flower arrangements in each car. A final pause, the train pulled on into Pittsburgh. seeing, the presidential party was taken back to the sta-
cleaning of the cars was under way as the presidential This was farther west than Grover Cleveland had tion by 3:30 p.m. The train moved quickly to make up
party entered the station just before 10:00 in the morn- ever traveled before. He praised the Pullman Company; time for the next stop at Terre Haute. Here again there
ing. It was not a large party, consisting of Colonel the trip was going well and the president was happy to was a welcome by the mayor, speeches from a senator
Lamont, Wilson S. Bissell, and Dr. Joseph G. Bryant, all be on board. The train switched over to the tracks of the or former governor, followed by a rapid tour of the town
friends of Cleveland, and F. T. Bickford of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis Railroad en route with stops at the normal school and fairgrounds. The
Associated Press, P. V. DeGrove of the United Press, to the first major stop, Indianapolis. A thousand people president, a competent if not inspired speaker, comment-
and William A. Rogers, an artist with Harper’s Weekly. were assembled at the station, hoping to see the presi- ed on the beauty of the area, the richness of soil, and the
The train was an “extra” with priority rights over all dent and the first lady, as the train rolled through industry of its citizens. And then back to the station and
other trains. As a precaution, a pilot train would precede Columbus at 4:30 a.m. Colonel Lamont explained that off for the next stop. The excitement of the crowd and
the Presidential Special by a few minutes. the first couple was asleep. The crowd was respectful their enthusiasm were elevating but seemed less inspir-
arthur d. dublin
Mrs. Cleveland was the only woman in the party. and remained quiet. The train rolled along a single track. ing to the guests of honor as they grew weary.
Twenty-eight years younger than her husband, Frances As it neared the Ohio-Indiana border, the sun came up The train now moved over Vandalia Line trackage
Folsom Cleveland had traveled more widely than the over fields that were gray, empty, and dull and by con- toward St. Louis, where the hosts, the ones who had
President and Mrs. Cleveland used George Pullman’s own president and benefited from a better education. And she trast skirting woods that were glorious in shades of yel- instigated this mad journey, awaited the arrival of the
private car, photographed here in 1892. The lush decor had sharp political instincts. For example, her wardrobe low, orange, red, and purple. Presidential Special. This stop was a major event that
was the high “railroad style” of the time seen also in rail- was of great interest to the society editors of newspapers At 7:00 a.m. the president appeared on the rear plat- would last nearly three days. Advance publicity was
road hotels. but she declined to discuss it, preferring to surprise the form while the train stopped at Bradford Junction. One expected to attract half of Missouri and all of southern
audiences on the tour. Wearing a brown silk suit with hundred spectators were gathered at the depot. Cleveland Illinois. The Clevelands were in for a celebrity workout
white and red trim on the day of the departure, she made called out a hearty “Good Morning.” Someone called of major proportions. The train reached east St. Louis at
ment that even hinted at patronage. Pullman offered his quite a show walking down the station platform, pausing back, “We would also like to see your wife.” The presi- midnight and halted on the east approach to the eads
personal private car, the P.P.C., for the carriage of the to shake hands with cabinet members and nodding to dent explained she was still resting. The man replied, Bridge. The welcoming committee, which included
president and his wife. He also insisted that they have friends who stood by to see the president off. “Well, we are right glad to see you, sir.” “I thank you for Mayor David R. Francis and other city nabobs, ushered
the service of his best steward, Arthur Wells. The cook The engineer, Francis Carver, in the cab of that,” Cleveland responded, “but of the two I expect you the president and his party into waiting carriages. The
was Tobias, a favorite of the general manager of the Locomotive 46, waited for the conductor, C. A. would prefer to see Mrs. Cleveland.” For all their suc- bridge was brilliantly lighted, dazzling the visitors with
Pennsylvania Railroad. Two cars would complete the Haverstick, to signal the go-ahead. Carver told reporters cess, stops such as this one were not made to accommo- its magnificent span of the Mississippi River. A fleet of
train—the first was the Alfarata, a combined smoker, this was the proudest day in his life, but the conductor date the curious locals but because of traffic on the line river steamers blew their whistles in an inharmonious
barber shop, baggage, and bathroom car normally oper- was less impressed. He called out “All Aboard” with no up ahead or because the engine needed water. Stops were roar that could be heard for 5 miles. A huge banner at
ated on the Chicago Limited, the Pennsylvania enthusiasm. As the train steamed slowly ahead, the pres- also made about every hundred miles at division points, the center of the bridge proclaimed, “Welcome to St.
Railroad’s fastest train. The final car was the Pullman ident stood inside the ornate iron platform railing at the where the engines and crews were changed. Louis.” The parade of carriages drew up in front of the
sleeper, Velasco, which featured ten open section sleep- rear of the P.P.C., waving good-bye to the crowd.1 At about 8:00 a.m., October 1, the train arrived in Lindell Hotel, which would be home to the Clevelands
ing berths, a smoking room, and a buffet. The Alfarata The train passed through Baltimore, York, Indianapolis, capital of Indiana. It was greeted at the sta- during their stay.
and Velasco were just a few months old, but Pullman Pennsylvania, and on to Harrisburg. At each station tion by the mayor and Democratic Senator Joseph e. October 2, day three of the trip, was rendered less
had them backshopped to freshen up the paint and gold along the way large and small groups gathered to see the McDonald. There was applause for the president, but hectic because it was Sunday. The president and first
striping. The P.P.C., which were the initials of the train pass; the president stood in view, waving or bow- shouts and cheers when his wife appeared. Frances lady attended morning services at the Washington Street
6 WHITe HOUSe HISTORY (Number 28) President Grover Cleveland’s Goodwill Tour of 1887 7
Presbyterian Church. A private luncheon was followed a.m., men and boys recklessly climbed onto the locomo-
by a drive around town to see banners, flags, and por- tive, which had a large portrait of the president fastened
traits on nearly every building. They reviewed a Roman to its headlight. A crowd of 40,000–50,000 filled the
Catholic papal celebration parade. That chilly evening streets for blocks around the station. The president
the official party gathered at the mayor’s home. His enjoyed this rousing reception, but his wife was fright-
honor invited them into the dining room for something ened by the uncontrollable mob and headed directly to
warm. Mrs. Cleveland, a devout temperance advocate, the Palmer House hotel to rest. even though the pace of
noticed the invitation was made with a wink. She the trip was beginning to wear her down, she reappeared
responded boldly, “Yes, I think a cup of warm coffee later in the day. She looked her best at the Columbia
would be just the thing.” The president, as a matter of Theater reception that evening in a close-fitting, mistle-
fact, rather enjoyed ardent spirits and bypassed wine in toe green plush gown, cut moderately low and quaintly
favor of whiskey and water with his evening meal. But trimmed in lace. A diamond brooch and necklace com-
he said nothing to contradict his wife. pleted her outfit. The theater was decorated with 70,000
early the next day at the exposition Fairgrounds, roses. On Thursday morning, October 6, the president
24,000 schoolchildren sang a chorus of welcome. At was shown the site of the deadly “anarchist” bombing
the end of the concert, five of the little ones presented that had taken place the year before, known as the
a massive floral shield to Mrs. Cleveland. She hugged “Haymarket” riot. He then visited the International
and kissed each of them. The ladies were taken to a pri- Military encampment at Washington Park, where a
vate luncheon while the president was escorted to the thundering artillery salute honored him.
Merchants exchange, where he received an enthusiastic The president and Mrs. Cleveland were then taken
reception in the great hall. The cheers and applause downtown to board the train for Milwaukee. They
were so generous and prolonged the normally stolid obliged the crowd’s call that they appear on the open
Cleveland was almost moved to tears. As he spoke, his rear platform of the P.P.C. The multitude yelled itself
remarks were repeatedly interrupted by applause. It may hoarse as the train pulled out and the nation’s CeO and
well have been the high point of his career. At a public his consort waved farewell to Chicago and its disorderly
reception at the Lindell Hotel late in the afternoon, crowds.
some 20,000 passed through a receiving line to shake The train reached Milwaukee, that sedate city of
hands with the president and his wife. cream-colored bricks and hard-working German immi-
Tuesday, October 4, was the final day in St. Louis, grants. It was early afternoon. The whole town turned
and it was also a long one. It began with a reception by out for a jolly reception at Schlitz Park. Luncheon at
Commercial Travelers Association, a popular jam with the Soldiers Home was followed by another public
long lines of people wanting to greet the president. reception that lasted until 9:00 p.m. The reception was
When one elderly lady attempted to kiss President followed by a banquet at the Merchants exchange. The
Cleveland, he politely but firmly declined her advances. latter was typically an all-male affair with endless
Later in the morning, the Clevelands were taken on a toasts. Mrs. Cleveland, doubtless displeased, watched
riverboat ride aboard the City of Baton Rouge, down the heavy alcohol consumption from a balcony.
river to the Jefferson Barracks. After returning to the
city, it was off to the fairgrounds and an afternoon of
trotting races. The evening was devoted to the Veiled Harper’s Weekly (the “Journal of Civilization”)
Prophet Parade, a St. Louis tradition, in which, Mardi was published every Tuesday from 1857 to 1916.
Gras style, a mysterious prophet is carried in an elabo- On the following pages we have reproduced a
rate parade, his identity concealed by a mask until the selection of text and illustrations from the
climactic ball that ends the event. As midnight drew magazine that document the president’s
near, the presidential party was hurried from the dance train trip to the West and through the south.
to their train, which raced off for Chicago over the The issues were published October 8, 15,
Alton Railroad. and 23, 1887, and sold for ten cents a copy.
As the train steamed into Chicago a little after 9:00
8 WHITe HOUSe HISTORY (Number 28)
The PresidenT and Mrs. Cleveland in Their PrivaTe Car, en rouTe for The WesT
The PresidenT’s WelCoMe To sT. louis
The PresidenT and Mrs. Cleveland vieWing The illuMinaTion of The PresidenT’s reCePTion aT indianaPolis The briCker naTural gas Well aT graPeville near PiTTsburgh
The veiled ProPheT’s PageanT aT sT. louis The PresidenT revieWing The ProCession aT The greaT audiToriuM building in ChiCago
The PresidenT’s WelCoMe To MeMPhis
The PresidenT’s Call on Mrs. Polk aT Polk PalaCe in nashville
vieWing The deer aT belle Meade
The PresidenT reCePTion aT The CaPiTol CiTy Club aTlanTa
The train left the next morning at 10:00 for the best hope for a close-up view of the presidential
Madison, the capital of Wisconsin. The ride was delight- couple because the locomotive needed a drink every 25
ful, as the train passed through a charming section of miles or so.2 The train drew up to one such place, and a
mid-America notable for its lakes and green hills. In shy blond girl lifted up a bunch of goldenrod with a
Madison the presidential couple spent several days at pink note; this modest floral trophy was for President
the home of William F. Vilas, the U.S. postmaster gener- Cleveland and his lady. There were bonfires at night
al who, with his wife, had established their home in near the track, and bands played on station platforms as
Madison in the 1860s when he became a professor at the train slid by. Crowds cheered and waved.
the State University. Upon arrival, the circus began all early on Wednesday morning, October 12, the train
over again, with the crowds and welcoming speeches. made a short stop at Sioux City so the party could visit
Cleveland’s right hand was aching so he kept both the famous Corn Palace, a curious structure built entire-
hands behind his back, bowing to individuals as they ly of corn stalks, husks, and corn silk, except for the
passed by in the receiving line. Many could not resist wooden frame. A giant map of the United States was
touching his garments. The president looked fit and constructed from colored corn kernels. The visit to
alert. When his wife was asked about her health, she Omaha included a parade by the Second Infantry and
responded simply, “Never better.” the Knights of Pythias, pupils from the Indian School
Saturday, October 8, was a day for rest at the and its brass band.
Vilas’s home. The president spent part of the day fishing That evening, the presidential train pulled into
in nearby Lake Mendota in a rowboat that was towed Kansas City and witnessed another parade. On Thursday
out to the center by a small steam launch. He caught morning, a carriage tour of the city was arranged. The
seven yellow bass. There was a reception later that day president participated in laying the cornerstone for a
at the Vilas’s residence. Sunday was chilly and overcast new YMCA building, which included a speech and
with brisk southwest winds that kicked up whitecaps on more hand-shaking. Later in the day there was a recep-
the lake. The presidential couple slept in until late in the tion at the Customs House. The fraternal Priests of
morning. They skipped church services and sat in a back Pallas staged a parade that evening. At its conclusion,
parlor reading, enjoying a totally private day at home. the presidential party returned to the train and headed
Monday, October 10, they were back on the south, with Memphis the next major destination.
train, joined by Mr. and Mrs. Vilas for the return to Reconstruction had ended a decade earlier, and the cities
Washington on the Presidential Special. At stops in of the South were well along in recovering from the
Portage, New Lisbon, Sparta, and Lake City, the presi- ravages of the late war. Were they ready to receive a
dent shook hands with as many as possible in the Yankee president, even though a Democrat?
crowds gathered around the depots. A longer stop was On Friday morning, October 14, the train passed
made at LaCrosse, with a quick tour of town. The sun through Springfield, Missouri, at 5:30 a.m. Four hours
was low in the sky when the train steamed into St. Paul, later it crossed over the Ozark Mountains and entered
Minnesota, originally called Pig’s eye. Mrs. Cleveland Arkansas. The president was now in the former
had attended school there as a young girl. The president Confederacy. The tour members were enjoying a late
alluded to this early history by thanking the audience breakfast. At every town and crossroads, the feeling
because “they had neither marred nor spoiled my wife.” of welcome and friendship was manifest. The locals
As darkness fell, the toboggan and snowshoe clubs seemed extremely pleased to see their president pass
paraded in their picturesque costumes. Another long by, damn Yankee or not. In the afternoon the train pulled
day ended with a reception at the Ryan Hotel. up at West Memphis on the Mississippi River.
After a brief swing through nearby Minneapolis, A handsome side-wheeler, the celebrated Kate
the party headed for Omaha and into parts of North Adams, stood ready at the river landing. It shimmered
America that had rarely seen a president. Small town bright, its white paint and frosting of Gothic woodwork
people were curious about anyone who was a celebrity. making it resemble a gigantic wedding cake. On board
They sat or stood for hours waiting for the train to pass the steamboat a welcoming committee of about one
by or better yet, stop for a few minutes. Tank towns had hundred included senators, the mayor, Democratic party
President Grover Cleveland’s Goodwill Tour of 1887 25
The Journey souTh seen froM a Car WindoWmoments, the president held up well, while his wife— The train left for Montgomery, Alabama, at mid-
half his age—was more given to spells of fatigue. night. Before it departed, an agent from South Florida
The Corn Palace, Sioux About 30 miles east of Nashville, the Presidential brought grapes, oranges, lemons, pineapples, and jars of
City, Iowa, 1887. Special passed through the former state capital and honey to decorate the dining table. A large mandarin
Designed by Edward birthplace of Sarah Polk, Murfreesboro. It was raining orange tree was simply too big for the already crowded
W. Loft, the structure by the time they reached Chattanooga, but the streets car and so was sent by express to Washington for the
was made of corn stalks, were crowded with people as the presidential party was White House conservatory. The Presidential Special
husks, and silks. It driven through. Lookout Mountain loomed overhead in arrived at 8:00 a.m., to be greeted by Alabama Senators
the mist. It was there a great battle had been fought in J. L. Pugh and J. T. Morgan. A military escort stood
attracted thousands of
November 1863, which hastened the end of the ready for the inevitable parade through the streets of
tourists and promoted
Confederacy. But there was no time to visit Missionary Alabama’s capital, where the Confederacy had been
Iowa agriculture.
Ridge. The tourists were hurried back to the depot and born only twenty-six years before. Mrs. Cleveland was
sioux city public museum
traveled east for Atlanta over the historic Western and given a silver jewelry case by the mayor, in the shape of
Atlantic Railroad, site of the Great Locomotive Chase, an a cotton bale. The governor received the presidential
epic adventure of the Civil War. party at the fairgrounds. At 1:00 p.m. the train left
The train slowed to a stop as it drew near Atlanta Montgomery to cross through Georgia, the Carolinas,
in the early evening; the sun dropped below Kennesaw and Virginia. Montgomery had been the final stop. The
Mountain. The self-proclaimed “Chicago of the South” schedule called for no stops with the possible exception
leaders, and other prominent people of the region. The of the Clevelands and Colonel Lamont until Monday. was not to be outdone by any state capital the president of Asheville, North Carolina, and there the train would
main cabin was decorated with baskets of flowers gath- He had greatly enlarged the bathing facilities for the had visited before it. A grand fireworks display was tarry for no more than 15 minutes. It would run slowly
ered from as far as 100 miles away. The boat steamed guest room so the president could enjoy his vigorous staged with red rockets and artillery salutes. The sky wherever a crowd was gathered. The bonfires, torches,
past the city’s 3 mile long riverfront as Memphis citi- shower. The other passengers were taken into Nashville was bright in a glorious re-creation of Niagara Falls, 60 cheering, brass bands, and floral presentations continued
zens waved handkerchiefs and shouted greetings from to stay at a hotel. Belle Meade, with its old-fashioned feet high and 150 feet long. As the cannons fired their as before. After twenty-three days on the road, the three-
the levee and bluffs. Cannons in front of the Customs columned mansion, was an exceptional farm that fea- final lordly booms, the train rolled away into the city in car Presidential Special rolled into Pennsylvania
House fired salute after salute. At least 60,000 wit- tured its own private deer park and herd. After lunch, the rain; but rain or shine, the crowds waiting along the Railroad Station on the morning of October 22.
nessed the landing of the presidential party. A larger the Clevelands were driven into the city to visit Sarah streets were determined to see their leader make his The trip was a public relations success. every
crowd assembled that evening for a fireworks display, Childress Polk, widow of former President James K. entry. where the Clevelands appeared there were overwhelm-
and upward of 100,000, including many thousand Polk. She was still remembered at 84 as a strong first Atlanta was so thick with visitors that every hotel ing expressions of enthusiasm and lavish civic hospitali-
African Americans, were expected at the grand parade lady who had been her husband’s political partner forty and rooming house bed was occupied. People slept in ty. Public curiosity about the young and attractive wife
on the following day. A black member of the city coun- years ago in the White House. She loved to speak of lobbies and hallways. Churches opened their doors to was satisfied to some degree. The president exhibited
cil, Lymans Wallace, was part of the official welcome old times, remembering the early white settlement of shelter the masses. When they were filled, those seeking stamina and a hearty and simple manner. His speeches
committee. Tennessee as well as her brilliant, though hard-liquor- a place to sleep sought shelter in empty railroad freight were alike, clear, simple, and pleasant. He understood
Saturday was occupied by a tour of the city and an free White House during the Mexican War. Upon her cars. The rain persisted, making Atlanta a sad and soggy that much of the excitement was over seeing the presi-
outdoor ceremony in Court Square. The old Confederate husband’s retirement in 1849, the Polks had made a place. On Wednesday morning at 10:00 Democratic dent rather than in seeing Grover Cleveland. Yet for all
politician—although a New Jersey native—Judge Henry grand tour of the South, so she knew the touring task Senator Alfred Holt Colquitt held a small breakfast for its spectacle and the length of its reach, the trip did not
T. ellett was the speaker. During the president’s well. She was almost a national monument, called the presidential couple. Flower-bedecked carriages took assure his reelection one year later. Indiana Republican
response, he was interrupted by the sudden illness of the upon by nearly every distinguished visitor to the official party to the fairgrounds, escorted by cavalry Benjamin Harrison would defeat him in the electoral
judge, who was led from the speaker’s platform and Nashville. and artillery soldiers. About 40,000 stood in the rain to College. Yet perhaps some of the wave of voters that
died a short time later. The program of the day contin- On Monday, October 17, a formal reception for the greet the president. The military parade and mock battle returned Cleveland to the presidency in 1893 remem-
ued without him, and a very enthusiastic reception was president was staged on the public square in downtown planned as the entertainment of the day were delayed bered the grand tour of 1887.
held at the Merchants exchange. Nashville. After this event subsided, Mrs. Cleveland because of the weather. The president stayed in his car-
On Sunday, October 16, the Presidential Special held a reception in a prominent hotel, the Maxwell riage to witness the parade as the soldiers slipped and NOTeS
rolled toward Nashville, about 200 miles from House, while her husband spoke at the statehouse on a stumbled through the mud. The program was at last 1. The story of Grover Cleveland’s railroad tour of September and October 1887
relies on accounts in the New York Times, Washington Post, Harper’s Weekly,
Memphis. Six miles west of the state capital, the train hill overlooking the city and the Cumberland River. The abandoned, and the carriages returned to the city. A and Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper for September through November 1887.
each of these sources followed the trip closely through correspondents on the
stopped late in the morning at Belle Meade, the largest White House party returned to the station and moved off luncheon occupied much of the afternoon. That evening scene.
stock breeding farm in the nation. This 5,300 acre farm toward Chattanooga. It was the beginning of the end of a torchlight parade was given by the Young Men’s 2. Locomotives use 6 pounds of water for every 1 pound of fuel.
was owned by General W. H. Jackson, who was the host this cross-country marathon. except for a few weary Democratic Club.
26 WHITe HOUSe HISTORY (Number 28) President Grover Cleveland’s Goodwill Tour of 1887 27You can also read
