PUBLIC ALERTING - State of Michigan
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PUBLIC ALERTING
DON BOUFFARD | 4/18/17
Public Alerting Systems • Public Alerting Systems ○ Emergency Alert System (EAS) ○ NOAA Weather Radio • Integrated Public Alert Warning System(IPAWS) ○ Wireless Emergency Alerts
The Evolution of Emergency Alerting
Originally called the EBS was initiated to EAS jointly coordinated by IPAWS modernizes and
“Key Station System,” address the nation through the FCC, FEMA and NWS. integrates the nation’s
the CONtrol of audible alerts. It did not warning infrastructure.
Designed for President to
ELectromagnetic allow for targeted
speak to American people • Integrates new and
RADiation messaging.
within 10 minutes. existing warning systems
(CONELRAD) was
Originally designed to
established in August EAS messages • Provides a broader range
1951. provide the President with
of message options
an expeditious method of • Digitally encoded header
Participating stations communicating with the • Attention Signal • Increases capability to
tuned to 640 & 1240 • Audio Announcement alert and warn
American Public.
kHz AM and initiated a • Digitally encoded end- communities
Expanded for use during
special sequence and
peacetime at state and of-message marker
procedure designed to
warn citizens. local levels.
National EAS Alert
LP-1 & LP-2
WKAR
NPR Satellite SP
WJR LP-1 & LP-2 Relay LP-1 & LP-2
PEP SR
Local
LP-1 & LP-2 Cable
State EAS Alert
Satellite WKAR LP-1 & LP-2
Internet NOAA
WEA WJR &
MSP
LP-2
Local
LP-1 & LP-2 Cable
Local EAS Alert
Satellite
LP-1 & LP-2
Internet
PSAP/EOC WEA
NOAA
Local Cable
UP- KEWEENAW
Northwestern
HOUGHTON
UP-Central UP-Eastern
ONTONAGON
BARAGA
LUCE
GOGEBIC MARQUETTE
ALGER CHIPPEWA
IRON SCHOOLCRAFT
MACKINAC
DICKINSON
DELTA
UP-Western
MENOMINEE
EMMET Northeastern
CHEBOYGAN
PRESQUE ISLE
CHARLEVOIX
MONT-
ALPENA
OTSEGO MORENCY
ANTRIM
LEELANAU
EAS District CRAWFORD OSCODA ALCONA
GRAND KALKASKA
Northwestern BENZIE
TRAVERSE
MANISTEE ROSCOMMON IOSCO
WEXFORD MISSAUKEE OGEMAW East Central
West ARENAC
GLADWIN
Central MASON LAKE OSCEOLA CLARE
HURON
BAY
OCEANA MECOSTA ISABELLA MIDLAND
Central NEWAYGO
TUSCOLA
SANILAC
MONTCALM SAGINAW
GRATIOT
MUSKEGON
Western KENT
GENESEE
LAPEER
ST. CLAIR
OTTAWA IONIA SHIA-WASSEE
CLINTON
MACOMB
South EATON INGHAM LIVINGSTON
OAKLAND
ALLEGAN BARRY
Central
VAN BUREN WAYNE
Washtenaw-
KALAMAZOO CALHOUN JACKSON WASHTENAW
Lenawee
Southwestern
CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH MONROE
BERRIEN HILLSDALE LENAWEE
Southeastern
EAS Area LP Status Call Letters Frequency South Central LP-1 WFMK-FM 99.1 South Central LP-2 & SP WKAR-FM 90.5 East Central LP-1 WHNN-FM 96.1 East Central LP-2 WIOG-FM 102.5 Northeastern LP-1 WATZ-FM 99.3 Northeastern LP-2 WHSB-FM 107.7 Northwestern LP-1 WATZ-FM 99.3 Northwestern LP-2 WHSB FM 107.7 Southeastern LP-1 & PEP WJR-AM 760 Southeastern LP-2 WWJ-AM 950 Southwestern LP-1 WKFR-FM 103.3 Southwestern LP-2 WVFM-FM 106.5 Southwestern LP-3 WBXX-FM 104.9 Southwestern LP-4 WHFB-FM 99.9 Southwestern LP-5 WCXT-FM 98.3 U.P.-Central LP-1 & SR WNMU-FM 90.1 U.P.-Central LP-2 WGLQ-FM 97.1 U.P.-Eastern LP-1 WSUE-FM 101.3 U.P.-Northwestern LP-2 WGLI-FM 98.7 U.P.-Northwestern LP-1 WOLV-FM 97.7 U.P.-Western LP-1 WIMI-FM 99.7 U.P.-Western LP-2 WUPM-FM 106.9 Washtenaw –Lenawee LP-1 WEMU-FM 89.1 Washtenaw –Lenawee LP-2 WWWW-FM 102.9 Western LP-1 WSRW-FM 105.7 Western LP-2 WLHT-FM 95.7 Central LP-1 & SR WCMU-FM 89.5 Central LP-2 & SR WUPS-FM 98.5 West Central LP-1 WBLV-FM 90.3 West Central LP-2 WWKR-FM 94.1
EAS in Michigan
• Public alerting authority resides with the county
• NOAA disseminates all weather-related EAS
• MSP/NOAA verify identity of persons requesting messages
○ Verbal recognition codes are posted in MI CIMS
○ Each EM/Assistant EM has access
• MSP disseminates all AMBER alerts
• MSP disseminates all Blue Alert and Public Threat Alert
• EAS messages are direct broadcast over the air
• Broadcasting additional information
• TestingNational Weather Service
What is IPAWS?
IPAWS Federal Guidance
• IPAWS Modernization Act of 2015
o Establishes an IPAWS Subcommittee to the FEMA National Advisory Council to address protocols, standards,
terminology, and operating procedures
• Executive Order 13407
o “It is the policy of the United States to have an effective, reliable, integrated, flexible, and comprehensive system to alert
and warn the American people…”
• 1995 Presidential EAS Statement of Requirements
o “The national level EAS must be: Fully integrated from the national to local level, yet capable of independent local
(Priority Two) and state (Priority Three) operations”
• Warning, Alert, and Response Network (WARN) Act
o Directs FCC to establish the requirements for cellular carrier participation in Wireless Emergency Alerts
• Stafford Act
o “Provide technical assistance to State and local government to ensure that timely and effective disaster warning is
provided”
o “Make available to Federal State and Local agencies the facilities of the civil defense communications systems”IPAWS Vision
• Single emergency alert message delivery to
all available public dissemination channels
• Easier to use by public alerting authorities
• Improves and enhances emergency alerting capability
in two critical ways
• Assure that citizens receive alert via at least one path
• Likelihood that citizens react to emergency alertsIPAWS Architecture
Alert Aggregation
What the Aggregator does:
1. Authenticates sender
o Web Service Security
o Digital Signature
2. Validates CAP message
3. Verifies permissions
o What alerts can you send
o Where can you send them
o How can you send them
4. Non-repudiation, message integrity
5. Gateway to EAS, WEA, NOAA WXWho Can Alert on IPAWS
Complete
734 Local
64 State-wide
12 Federal
3 Tribal
2 TerritoryWho Can Alert In Michigan On IPAWS
200978 Barry County 200310 Lapeer County
200107 Berrien County 200467 Lenawee County
Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Emmet
200118 County 201176 Marquette County
201034 Chippewa County 200406 Mason County
200691 City of Detroit 200536 Mecosta County
Michigan State
200904 City of Livonia 200198 Police
200819 City of Taylor 200128 Midland County
200173 Clare County 200380 Muskegon County
200603 Clinton County 200276 Newaygo County
200458 Eaton County 200188 Oakland County
200861 Genesee County 201215 Oceana County
201033 Gogebic County 200153 Osceola County
200549 Grand Traverse County 200513 Ottawa County
200821 Hillsdale County 200719 Shiawassee County
200042 Ingham County 200079 St. Clair County
200508 Ionia County 200290 Washtenaw County
200810 Isabella County 200134 Wayne CountyIn Process To Alert on IPAWS
Public
Alerting EMI
MOA Authority Training
COG_ID COG_Name Completed Completed Completed
200212 MI Allegan County Sheriff Office
201237 MI Bay County
200308 MI City of Flint 04/23/13
200001 MI City of Lansing Emergency Management 08/15/11 01/05/12
200528 MI City of Riverview Police and Fire 01/26/15 08/27/14
201294 MI Crawford County Emergency Management and Homeland Security 02/08/17
200836 MI Kalamazoo County Sheriff's Office 08/22/16 07/22/15
201278 MI Livingston County Emergency Management 02/09/17 02/15/17
201064 MI Luce County Emergency Management
200413 MI Mackinac County 12/09/13 01/02/14
201311 MI Madonna University 01/25/17 02/13/17
201287 MI Monroe County Emergency Management
201255 MI Montcalm County
201281 MI Oakland University Police
201157 MI US Army Garrison Detroit ArsenalCurrent MI Usage and Statistics
74 • Tornado Warnings sent by NWS (polygons)
46 • Flash Flood Warnings sent by NWS (polygons)
14 • AMBER Alerts sent by NCMEC (7 state-wide)
8 • Severe Thunderstorm Warnings sent by NWS
3 • Blizzard Warnings sent by NCMEC
1 • Civil Danger Warning sent by Clinton County
1 • Law Enforcement Warning sent by MSP
1 • AMBER Alert sent by MSPGeo-Targeting
FCC rules allowed variation in wireless carrier implementation
WEA sent from towers located
inside alert area
WEA sent from towers with
coverage into the alert area
App on the phoneBleed Over 45th Inauguration, January 2017 • Alert bleed over at least 2 miles southeast
Alert: NY-NJ Bombings, September 2016
Update Alert: NY-NJ Bombings, September 2016
Background of WEA Enhancements
• 2006 – WARN Act passed by Congress
• 2008 – Original WEA rules and regulations
• 2012 – WEA system operational
• 2013 – CSRIC IV review rules, recommend changes
o 3 of 31 members from emergency management discipline
o Submitted final report to FCC October 2014
• 2015 – CSRIC V recommended additional changes
o 10 of 48 members from emergency management discipline
o Submitted final report to FCC September 2016
• 2016 – New WEA rules and regulationsWEA Improvements
• Increase message length from 90 to 360 characters
o 2.5 years (May 2019)
• Add new alert category, “Public Safety Messages”
o 2.5 years (May 2019)
• Support URLs and phone numbers
o 30 days for text URLs and phone numbers (Nov 2016)
o 1 year for “clickable” URLs and phone numbers (Nov 2017)
• Spanish language WEA
o 2 years (Nov 2018)
• WEA Test Code
o 2.5 years (May 2019)FCC Under Consideration
• Defining the Modes of Participation in WEA
o What do “in whole” and “in part” really mean?
• Infrastructure Functionality
o Is WEA really available everywhere there is coverage?
• Alert Message Preservation
o Review old messages on the phone
• Earthquake Prioritization
o Alert delivery in less than 3 seconds
• Disaster Relief Messaging
o Many-to-one messagingFCC Under Consideration, continued
• Multimedia Alerting
o Cell broadcast images to phones
• Multilingual
o Beyond English and Spanish
• Matching the Geographic Area
o Reach 100% of phones in targeted area with no more than 0.1 mile overshoot
• WEA on 5G networksNon-Weather WEA’s Sent 03/22/17 CAE AMBER ALERT-Burton, Plate DKZ4121 Blue Monte Carlo, 810-742-2542 or call 911 01/05/17 CAE AMBER Alert, Detroit. Green Cadillac DeVille Unknown Plate. Don't Approach. Call 911 11/16/16 CAE AMBER Alert, Detroit. Check local media. 10/23/16 LEW Avoid Sharp Park 1400 Elmwood, Police are looking for a man that is a threat to himself. 10/20/16 CAE Detroit, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/CMB-3125 (MI) 1998 Purple Plymouth Voyager 08/21/16 CAE Port Huron, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/DFC9403 (MI) 2000 Maroon or Brown Chevrolet Malibu 05/16/16 CAE Detroit, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/CPG8598 (MI) 2006 White Chevrolet Impala Sedan, 4 door 05/16/16 CAE Amber Alert for vehicle: 2006 Chevy Impala, white in color, with Michigan registration: CP 05/12/16 CAE Hamburg Township, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/2HVA18 (MI) 2001 Red Ford Escape 05/12/16 CAE Brighton, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/2HVA18 (MI) 2001 Red Ford Escape 02/20/16 CAE Detroit, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/DFJ5377 (MI) 2004 Black Ford Explorer 01/15/16 CAE Coloma, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/AYY-708 (MI) 2003 Tan Chevrolet Impala 08/17/15 CAE Alpena Township, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/U4758V (TN) 2000 Tan Chevrolet Tahoe 06/17/15 CDW 911 OUTAGE IN PART OF CLINTON COUNTY. SEE WWW.CLINTON-COUNTY.ORG FOR MORE INFO 05/16/15 CAE Romulus, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/ACU559 (MI) 1997 Red Saturn 2-door 03/28/15 CAE Bancroft, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/7KJC97 (MI) 2000 Teal Ford F-250 Pickup 03/31/13 CAE Flint, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/CJN4569 Silver Chrysler Cirrus
IPAWS Public Alerting Requirements
1. Obtain an IPAWS-compatible alerting tool
2. Complete a Memorandum of Agreement
o Fill out the MOA Application (link below)
o FEMA will create an MOA for you to sign
o With a signed MOA, FEMA will set up your COG and create your
PKI certificate (to be installed in your alerting tool)
3. Complete the “Public Alerting Application”
o Coordinate with the state and obtain signature
4. Complete IPAWS web-based training
o With a signed “Public Alerting Application” and training certificate,
FEMA will enable your alerting permissions
www.fema.gov/how-sign-ipawsRequired Documentation
MOA Application
• Memorandum of Agreement
MOA o Application identifies county
organization name, points of
contact, and alerting tools used
Rules of Behavior
o Establishes the relationship
between the county and FEMA,
connection, communications, and
security
o Includes the Rules of Behavior
defining official use, password
rules, and accountabilityRequired Documentation
Public Alerting Application • Public Alerting Application
o Defines what areas you can alert
and what event codes to use
Training Certificate
• Training Certificate
o High level training on IPAWS
alerting concepts
o Strongly recommend specific
training for your alerting tool,
follow best practices, and
coordinate with state and
neighboring countiesWalk Through MOA Form [1]
Your county Emergency Management Agency title
Who will sign? (usually the EMA director)
Primary POC (Who will process the paperwork?)
Alternate POC
Technical POC (usually your communications person)
35Walk Through MOA Form [2]
What software will you use?
Will you use this system to send alerts via IPAWS?
Purpose: “Emergency Management software for
public alert and warning” or something to that effect
Server Location: City, State (ask your vendor)
Is it COTS? What company developed the system?
Acknowledge that IPAWS doesn’t process Classified
Data Description: “Unclassified alert and emergency
response information” or something to that effect
Who is your software vendor POC?Walk Through MOA Form [3]
COG ID#: This will be assigned later; leave it blank
What kind of alerts do you want to send? (usually check all)
Are you alerting for the whole state?
What county are you alerting for?
What kind of emergencies will you alert for? Here is a good list
of definitions
(http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lub/?n=nonweathercemdescriptions)
Don’t sign this. Your state reviewer fills this part out indicating
that the state has coordinated with the county in accordance
with state alert and warning plans.Public Alerting Authority Form
Capabilities at Joint Interoperability Test Command (JITC) Staffed to support operational users, testing, demonstration
JITC
EAS
WEA
Production
EAS (sim)
WEA (sim)
IPAWS LabContact Information
Don Bouffard
Engineering Specialist
Emergency Management and Homeland Security
Michigan State Police
Cell: 517-643-6251
Phone: 517-284-3995
Fax: 517-284-3857
7150 Harris Drive
Dimondale, Michigan 48821
bouffardd@michigan.gov
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