RECOMMENDATION Michela Secchi - Review Meeting, 27-28/01/2021 - react
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WP 6 – LCA &
RECOMMENDATION
Michela Secchi
Review Meeting, 27-28/01/2021
WP 6.1 – LCA
WP OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of environmental impact of the whole recycled product, with respect to virgin
acrylic textile production and emission of recommendation for standardization
technology transfer and eco-design.
1. Virgin acrylic awning LCA: the whole life cycle of a solution dyed acrylic textile
made of virgin fibre.
2. Recycled acrylic fabric: the core processes of the production of the textile made of
recycled acrylic fibre (from industrial and post-consumer goods) will take into
account the mechanical recycling process (WP4) and fabric production (WP5).
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 3WP KPIS
Key Performance Indicators
Ø KPI 6.1 Number of enterprises that could use similar solutions.
Ø KPI 6.2 Number of other production areas selected to maximize the dissemination of
results.
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 4WP PARTNERS AND DELIVERABLES
Deliverable Title Due date Status
D6.1 Life Cycle Assessment report for virgin acrylic 15 months ✔
textile
D6.2 Recommendation on production chain and 18 months ✔
backlogistic
D6.3 Recommendation for technology transfer 30 months
D6.4 Recommendation on eco-design 34 months
D6.5 Life Cycle Assessment report for recycled 34 months
acrylic textile and comparative analysis
Main partners:
ü Centrocot ü Soft Chemicals
ü Parà ü Ják Spinning
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 5LCA - GOAL DEFINITION
To assess the environmental impacts of an outdoor awning made in 100% virgin
acrylic fabric during its whole life cycle.
This allows to build the future comparison:
virgin acrylic fabric vs recycled acrylic fabric.
Focus of the analysis are the production phase and end-of-life phase.
Other significant aspects: use phase,
treatments and pre-treatments (for the recycled material).
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 6LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – INTRODUCTION
General methodology
• ISO 14040:2006. Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and
framework.
• ISO 14044:2006. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment – Requirements and
guidelines.
• Zampori and Pant, 2019. EF guidance for transition phase.
Impact assessment
• PEF LCIA method (Commission Recommendation 2013/179/EU, last update 2019)
• CML2001 method (Guinée et al., 2002, last update 2016)
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 7SCOPE: FUNCTIONAL UNIT
Feature Description
What To provide an awning product to meet the consumer’s specific
needs.
How much 1 arm awning for outdoor.
100% virgin acrylic fabric. Fabric measures: 3.4 x 2.2 m, 290 g/m2.
Extruded aluminium structure.
How well Maintained in good conditions.
How long 8 years of guaranteed service life (based on the fabric warranty)
Reference flow 1 awning for outdoor composed by:
- Acrylic fabric final amount: 2.17 kg
- Aluminium for the structure final amount: 16.83 kg
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 8SCOPE: SYSTEM BOUNDARIES
Cradle-to-grave
• Polymer
production
from virgin
• Spinning
raw material
(acrylic) • Production of • Assembly
chemicals
• Manufacturing • Distribution
of chemical • Manufacturing
• Use (8 years)
reagents of the awning
fabric Landfill
• Production of
the awning
structure Waste Incineration
Recycling
Upstream Core Downstream
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 9SCOPE: LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Environmental Footprint CML2001
Impact category Unit Impact category Unit
Climate Change kg CO2 eq Global Warming Potential kg CO2 eq
Ozone Depletion kg CFC-11 eq Ozone Layer Depletion Potential kg R11 eq.
Human Toxicity, Cancer Effects CTUh Human Toxicity kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq.
Human Toxicity, Non-Cancer Effects CTUh
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential kg Ethene eq.
Respiratory Inorganics Disease incidences
Acidification Potential kg SO2 eq.
Ionizing Radiation kg 235U eq
Photochemical Ozone Formation kg NMVOC eq Eutrophication Potential kg PO43- eq.
Acidification moli H+ eq Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq.
Terrestrial Eutrophication moli N eq Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq.
Freshwater Eutrophication kg P eq Terrestrial Ecotoxicity kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq.
Marine Eutrophication kg N eq Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements) kg Sb eq
Freshwater Ecotoxicity CTUe
Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil) MJ
Land Use Aggregated index (pt)
Water Use m3 world eq. deprived
Resource Use, mineral and metals kg Sb eq
Resource Use, energy carriers MJ
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 10LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY
All the partners shared their data in All the data have been
order to build the model: re-elaborated an order to
refer to the functional unit.
Energy (electricity, natural gas)
and water consumption
Chemical inputs (type and
composition)
Packaging
Waste INVENTORY
Emissions
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 11LIFE CYCLE MODEL Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 12
LCIA – GENERAL RESULTS Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 13
LCIA – GENERAL RESULTS
About the impact of fabric manufacturing:
Ø The most significant contributions come from:
o polyacrylonitrile production:
• air emissions (e.g., heavy metals to air) Impact on toxicity indicators
• energy resource consumption
Impact on resource
o energy consumption (weaving step) consumption
o finishing resins (fluorocarbon and melamine):
• air emissions (e.g., chloroethene, heavy metals)
Impact on toxicity indicators
• water emissions (e.g., heavy metals)
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 14LCIA – GENERAL RESULTS
About the impact of aluminium structure:
Ø Inventory: (i.e., the weight of the aluminium structure is higher than the fabric, thus leading to a higher
material requirement and higher contribution to the impact).
Ø Environmental pressures coming from primary aluminium production:
o raw material extraction Impact on
resource
o considerable amount of energy resource consumption (fossil) consumption
o air emissions, especially during the reaction to convert aluminium oxide to aluminium metal:
• Carbon dioxide emissions.
• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) (tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane) Impact on GWP
• Smaller amounts of process emissions, such as CO, SO2, and part. matter
and NMVOC.
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 15LCIA – HOTSPOT ANALYSIS
More relevant Life Cycle Stages
FABRIC ALUMINIUM
INDICATOR (EF V.3) ASSEMBLY DISTRIBUTION USE EO L
PRODUCTION STRUCTURE
Climate change 10% 63% 0% 2% 0% 24%
Ozone depletion 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
HTox, non-cancer 7% 58% 0% 2% 0% 33%
HTox, cancer 3% 59% 0% 1% 0% 37%
Particulate matter 3% 72% 0% 2% 0% 22%
Photoch. ozone 10% 57% 0% 6% 0% 26%
formation
Ionising rad 12% 99% 0% 0% 0% -11%
Acidification 5% 62% 0% 3% 0% 30%
Eutroph freshwater 79% 13% 0% 2% 1% 5%
Eutroph marine 12% 54% 1% 10% 0% 24%
Eutroph terrestrial 10% 54% 1% 10% 0% 24%
Ecotox freshwater 16% 61% 0% 4% 1% 17%
Land use 20% 68% 0% 6% 0% 5%
Water scarcity 7% 48% 0% 0% 14% 32%
Resource use, energy 16% 63% 0% 2% 1% 19%
carriers
Resource use, min&met 55% 49% 0% 1% 5% -10%
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 16LCIA – HOTSPOT ANALYSIS
More relevant Processes for fabric manufacturing*
ELECTRICITY ACRYLIC
LCIA FLUOROCARBON RESIN
INDICATOR (FABRIC PRODUCTION OTHER
METHOD C6 (MELAMINE)
MANUFACT.) AND SPINNING
Climate change 16% 1% 68% 1% 13%
HTox, non-cancer 7% 2% 76% 2% 13%
Acidification 0% 0% 75% 5% 20%
Resource use, 12% 0% 78% 1% 9%
EF v.3
energy carriers
Resource use, 4% 56% 8% 30% 1%
min&met
Particulate matter 8% 3% 64% 7% 17%
GWP 16% 1% 67% 1% 15%
Human Tox 9% 10% 38% 30% 12%
CML2001 Acidification 10% 2% 75% 4% 9%
ADP fossil 13% 0% 75% 1% 10%
ADP elements 4% 54% 12% 28% 2%
*Selected indicators
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 17CONCLUSIONS
Ø The study is meant to be the baseline for a future comparison with an awning made by
recycled acrylic fabric.
Ø Two different impact methods (i.e., Environmental Footprint v.3 and CML 2001, Jan. 2016
version) are aligned in the results.
Ø The greatest impact derives from the production of the aluminium structure and fabric
production:
o raw materials extraction and aluminum processing generate significant emissions and
affect the resource depletion.
o manufacturing of the polyacrylonitrile fibre and of a few chemical agents used in the
finishing (i.e., the resins) contribute more than the other parts considered in fabric
manufacturing step.
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021CONCLUSIONS
Ø Limitation: no primary data available for Al and PAN production. Both the technologies are
deemed well established, therefore the secondary data used should be quite representative.
Ø Resource indicator: the environmental performance related to material production could be
favoured by using of recycled material.
Ø Starting from resource saving, it may result in a positive improvement for other impact
indicators when some activities are no more taking place due to the recycled material (i.e.,
some emissions could be avoided).
Ø EoL stage could take advantage as well from the recycling of materials and register higher
benefits when recycling processes are introduced.
Ø On the other hand, the recycling treatments/processes will be assessed in their performance
also from an environmental point of view, thus estimating their environmental costs.
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021CURRENT STATUS AND NEXT STEPS
CURRENT STATE
Deliverables Title Dissemination Due date (months)
Del. 6.1 Life cycle environmental assessment report for Public 15
virgin acrylic textile
FUTURE ACTIVITIES
Activity description To do
LCA of an outdoor awning made with recycled Build and share a data checklist (on the basis of the
fabric output of the testing phase)
Recycling of waste acrylic textiles| 28 January 2021 20THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 820869You can also read
