Referencing Style Guide - CDU APA 6 th (Updated March 2014)
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CDU APA 6
Referencing Style Guide
(Updated March 2014)CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
Table of Contents
APA Citation Fundamentals
Reference list Multimedia and images
Citing in the text Elements of citation – DVD or Film
Example - Book Elements of citation - Videostreaming
Example - Journal article with DOI Elements of citation – Image
Example - Journal article without DOI
Example – Web Page Web sources and online documents
Books: print and online Legislation and Cases
Elements of citation – Print book
Elements of citation – eBook Abbreviations
Journal Articles and Conference Papers
Elements of citation – Journal article
Elements of citation – Newspaper article
Elements of citation – Conference paper
2CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
APA Citation Fundamentals
Reference List:
The Reference list identifies the items cited in a document in enough detail so they can be located by another person. The
elements required for a Reference list are outlined below:
The Reference list appears at the end of the article/report/document.
It is headed by the centred title References.
The Reference list is organised in alphabetical order.
All References should be double-line spaced, and should have a hanging indent (of 5-7 spaces) for the second and
subsequent lines for each entry.
References cited in text must appear in the Reference list and vice versa. The only exceptions to this rule are personal
communications and entire websites; they are cited in text only and are not included in the Reference list.
Use only the initial(s) of the author’s given name(s), not the full name.
If the Reference list includes 2 or more entries by the same author(s), list them in chronological order with the earliest first.
If the author’s name is unavailable, use the first few words of the title of the article, book or web source, including the
appropriate capitalisation and italics formatting. E.g. (Scientists Say, 2000).
Arrange reference entries in one alphabetical sequence by the surname of the first author or by title or first word if there is no
author. Ignore the words A, An, and The when alphabetising by title.
Capitalisation in APA style is very specific. In titles and subtitles of articles, chapters, and books, capitalise only the first
letter of the first word; the first letter of a subtitle and any proper nouns. For journal titles you must capitalise the first letter
3CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
of every word.
Italicise book titles, journal titles, and volume numbers. Do NOT italicise issue numbers.
If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is listed on either a print or an electronic source it is included in the reference. A DOI
(Digital Object Identifier) is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles). It
is often found on the first page of an article. Example: doi:10.1080/14622200410001676305
If no DOI has been assigned provide either the URL of the journal homepage or of the article, whichever is provided via the
Summon or database search.
When the Reference entry includes a URL that must be divided between two lines, break it before a slash or dash or at
another logical division point. ie:http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/4102.0/opendocument#frombanner=LN
/socialtrends/Australia/Northern Territory
Remember to set your Word preferences to remove hyperlinks from URLs to prevent them appearing with an underline.
It is possible to use an abbreviated version of an organisational author but you must use it in full the first time. In your
Reference list add a See Also citation ie: Australian Public Service Commission See Also APSC
Citing in the text
The purpose of citing in the text is to provide brief information about the source, sufficient to enable readers to find complete
information about the source in the alphabetical list of references that appears at the end of the document.
The APA style uses the author-date method in the text. Insert the surname of the author followed by the year of publication at the
appropriate point in the text.
How to cite a direct quote: When you incorporate a direct quotation into a sentence, you must cite the source. Fit
quotations within your sentences, enclosed in quotation marks, making sure the sentences
4CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
are grammatically correct.
For example:
Issues surround the imitation of real world buildings as they “serve the important function of
grounding users’ expectations and providing affordances for them to effectively move
through space, they can also be limiting” (Ball & Bainbridge, 2008, p. 118).
Block Quotes: If a quotation is 40 words or more, omit quotation marks and use a block format in which the
quotation is indented about ½ inch (or 5 spaces) from the left margin and double-space the
entire paragraph.
They found Snow Buntings in some numbers on the tops and had a lovely 200 foot
snow slide to help them down. They had a less good walk back, simply because they hit the
upper waters of the north west river at the wrong place and had to walk two miles upstream
to cross it. In the middle of the crossing Thelma found a thalloid liverwort and to Hugh’s
astonishment stopped to collect it. (Davies, 2010, p. 62)
How to cite summaries or Even if you put information in your own words by summarising or paraphrasing, you must
paraphrases: cite the original author or researcher and the date of publication. You are also encouraged to
provide a page or paragraph number; check with your lecturer to see if page numbers are
required.
How to cite sources with no When a work has no author, cite in the text the first few words of the reference list entry,
author: usually the title and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or
chapter, and italicise the title of a periodical, book, brochure or report.
For example: On health care ("Study finds," 2007) ...
5CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
How to cite a work with an When a work's author is designated as "Anonymous", cite in the text the word Anonymous
anonymous author: followed by a comma and the date.
For example: (Anonymous, 2006)
How to cite different numbers An ampersand (&) is used to connect authors’ names within brackets, but not
of authors: when they appear as part of a sentence. ie: (White & Perrone) or According to
White and Perrone….
Note: There is a helpful chart on how to cite references with different numbers of authors on
page 177 of the APA Manual.
How to cite place of Follow the city name with a two letter abbreviation for the state or the full
publication: name of the country ie: Chicago, IL or London, England
If you do not have the city use the state ie: NSW, Australia
There will be exceptions to this rule at times depending on the publication
details available.
How to cite a work if no page If a resource contains no page numbers, as can be the case with electronic sources, then
numbers are available: you cannot include a page number in the parentheses. However, if the source indicates
paragraph numbers, use the abbreviation “para” and the relevant number in the
parentheses. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph
number following it.
For example: As Myers (2000, para. 5) aptly phrased it…
(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion, para. 1)
How to cite a work discussed Sometimes an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are
unable to track down the original research report. In this case, because you did not read the
6CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
in a secondary source: original report, you will include only the source you did consult in your References. The
words “as cited in” in the parenthetical reference indicate you have not read the original
research. Only include the date of the source you read and not the original research.
For example, if Miller’s work is cited in Lister and you did not read Miller’s work, you would
provide Lister’s details in the reference list. In the text use this citation:
Miller’s simple definition of social justice (as cited in Lister, 2007) …
And in your reference list: Lister, R. (2007). Social justice: Meanings and politics. Benefits,
15(2), 113–125.
How to cite when you are When you need to leave out part of a quotation to make it fit grammatically or because it
altering a direct quote: contains irrelevant/unnecessary information, insert ellipses. If you must add or slightly
change words within a quotation for reasons of grammar or clarity, indicate the change with
square brackets.
“Drug prevention…[efforts] backed this up” (Gardner, 2007, p. 49)
How to cite two or more Order the citations of two or more works by different authors within the same parentheses
references within the same alphabetically in the same order in which they appear in the reference list (including citations
parentheses that would otherwise shorten to et al.). Separate the citations with semicolons. For example:
Several studies (Miller et al., 1999; Shafranske & Mahoney, 1998) show that ...
Personal items or Personal unpublished photos, conversations, interviews, lecture material, personal files,
communications telephone conversations, letters, PowerPoint slides and e-mail messages are not included in
the reference list. Cite personal communications in text only. ie: R. Smith (class
handout, January 28, 2008)…..
All examples are based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6 th ed, 2009 available
in the Library at call number 808.06615 PUBL or via the CDU Bookshop.
7CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
Examples:
Here are some basic examples of CDU-APA 6th style. More detailed examples are included throughout this guide, but
where no exact example is provided then these general principles should be followed.
Book:
author date book title edition place of publication publisher
Gimenez, J. (2007). Writing for nursing and midwifery students. (2nd ed.). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Journal article with DOI:
authors date journal article title journal title in italics volume in italics(issue)
Fowler, M. D., & Davis, A. J. (2013). Ethical issues occurring within nursing education. Nursing Ethics, 20(2), 126-141. doi:
10.1177/0969733012474290 doi page numbers
Journal article without DOI:
author date journal article title journal title in italics volume in italics(issue)
Barry, B. (1990). How to defend library institutions. British Journal of Political Science, 20(1), 1-14. Retrieved from
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?kod=JPS url page numbers
Web page:
author date web page title publisher
Better Health Channel. (2013). Smoking tobacco is deadly. State Government of Victoria, Retrieved from webpage URL
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Smoking_tobacco_is_deadly?open
8CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
Books-print and online:
Elements of the citation:
Print book:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Title of book (edition). Location of publication: Publisher.
eBook:
Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (year of publication). Title of book: Subtitle [Version]. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx OR Retrieved from
URL of the home page of the e-book provider
Reference Type In-text example Reference list example EndNote
Reference
Type
Single author The theory was first Pash, C. (2008). The last whale. North Fremantle, WA: Fremantle Press. Book
considered in 2000
(Pash, 2008)
OR
Pash (2008) claimed
that...
2 authors Roitman and La Roitman, J. L., & La Fontaine, T. P. (2012). The exercise professional’s Book
Fontaine (2012) ... guide to optimizing health: Strategies for preventing and reducing
OR chronic disease. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
“... to achieve
consistency” (Roitman Cite both names every time the Reference occurs (Walker & Allen, 2004)
9CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
& La Fontaine,
2012, p. 45)
3-5 authors First citation: Ranzijn, R., McConnochie, K., & Nolan, W. (2009). Psychology and Book
(Ranzijn, Indigenous Australians: Foundations of cultural competence.
McConnochie & Nolan, South Yarra, Vic: Palgrave MacMillan.
2009)
Subsequent Cite all the names the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations,
citations: use the surname of the first author followed by et al.
(Ranzijn et al.,1997)
6 or 7 authors Bulliet et al. (2011) Bulliet, R. W., Crossley, P. K., Headrick, D. R., Hirsch, S. W., Johnson, Book
found that... L. L., & Northrup, D. (2011). The earth and its peoples: A global
OR (Bulliet et al., history (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.
2011)
Cite only the surname of Use the surname of the first author followed by et al. every time the reference
the first author followed occurs in the text but include all authors in the reference list.
by et al
8 or more (Gradel et al., 2007, p. Gradel, E., Kolaitis, P. G., Libkin, L., Marx, M., Spencer, J., Vardi, M. Y., Book
authors 35) ... Weinstein, S. (2007). Finite model theory and its applications.
OR Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Gradel et al. (2007, p.
35) stated... For works with 8 or more authors, list the first 6 authors, followed by 3 full stops
Cite only the surname of (...) then the last author’s name.
the first author followed
by et al
No author (Employment the Employment the professional way: A guide to understanding the Book
professional way, Australian job search process for professionally qualified
2000) migrants. (2000). Carlton, Vic: Australian Multicultural
OR Foundation.
the book Employment
the professional way
10CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
(2000)
Shorten title
Book: different (Howitt & Cramer, Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2008). Introduction to research methods Edited
editions 2008) in psychology (2nd ed.). Harlow, England: FT Prentice Hall. book
Book: editor (Hallinan, 2006) Hallinan, M. T. (Ed.). (2006). Handbook of the sociology of Edited
education. New York: Springer. book
Book: (Australian Bureau of Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2012). Estimated resident population Book
organisation as Statistics, 2012) and sex in statistical local areas, Northern Territory, June 2012
author (No. 3209.1). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Author.
Where the author and publisher are identical, use the word ‘Author’ as the name
of the publisher.
Chapter in an (Groundwater-Smith, Groundwater-Smith, S. (2007). As rain is to fields, so good teachers Edited
edited book 2007) are to students. In S. Knipe (Ed.), Middle years schooling: book
Reframing adolescence (pp. 151-170). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W:
Pearson Education Australia.
eBook or (Kraus, 2009) Krauss, D. A. (2009). Psychological expertise in court [Adobe Digital Electronic
electronic book Editions]. Retrieved from EBL book
(Schiraldi, 2001) Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook:
A guide to healing, recovery and growth [Adobe Digital Editions
version]. doi:10.1036/0071393722
(Ling, 2004)
Ling, R.S. (2004). The mobile connection: The cell phone’s impact on
society. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/l
ogin.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,url,cookie,uid&db=e000xww
11CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
&AN=114180&site=ehost-live
eReference (Keyormarsi, O’Leary Keyormarsi, K., O’Leary, N., & Pardee, A. B. (2008). Cell division. Electronic
book-online & Pardee, 2008) In McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology (9th book
dictionary or ed.). Retrieved from AccessScience.
encyclopedia
(Graham, 2005) Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford
encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/
Picture book (Fox & Mullins, 1986) Fox, M., & Mullins, P. (Illustrator). (1986). Hattie and the fox. Sydney: Book
Scholastic Press.
Brochure or (Cancer Council Cancer Council Australia. (2012). Skin cancer. [Brochure]. Sydney, Book
pamphlet Australia, 2012) Australia: Author.
Where the author and publisher are identical, use the word ‘Author’ as the name
of the publisher. (In EndNote place a comma after the corporate author)
Dictionary-print Lindgren, 1994, p. Lindgren, H. C. (1994). Stereotyping. In Encyclopedia of psychology Dictionary
468) (Vol. 3, pp. 468-469). New York, NY: Wiley.
12CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
Journal Articles and Conference Papers:
Elements of the citation:
Journal article:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year of publication). Article title:Subtitle. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), page–page.
doi:xxxx OR Retrieved from URL
Newspaper article:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Newspaper Title, page range. Retrieved from URL [if viewed
online]
Conference paper:
Author, A. A., & Author, B.B. (Year). Conference paper title. Paper presented at the Conference Title, Place, US state/country.
Retrieved from URL
Reference Type In-text example Reference list example EndNote
Reference
Type
Journal article- (Crowden, 2008) Crowden, A. (2008). Professional boundaries and the ethics of dual Journal
print and multiple overlapping relationships in psychotherapy. article
Monash Bioethics Review, 27(4), 10–27.
Each first letter of Journal Title should be capitalised.
Journal article (Bechara, Damasio & Bechara, A., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (2000). Emotion, Electronic
online: with doi Damasio, 2000) decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, article
13CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
10(3), 295–307. doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.295
Journal article (Trankle & Haw, 2009) Trankle, S. A., & Haw, J. (2009). Predicting Australian health Electronic
online: no doi behaviour from health beliefs. Electronic Journal of Applied article
Psychology, 5(2), 9–17. Retrieved from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/
Article retrieved (Arnold & Boggs, Arnold, E., & Boggs, K. U. (2007). Structuring the relationship. Electronic
from Learnline or 2007) Developmental Psychology, 25(2), 264-276. Retrieved from article
eReadings portal http://ereadings.cdu.edu.au/view/cdu:18679
Newspaper article (Hatch, 2006) Hatch, B. (2006, July 13). Smoke lingers for those who keep Newspaper
in print hospitality flowing. Australian Financial Review, p. 14. article
Newspaper article: (“Comstock drill plans”, Comstock drill plans reined in. (2009, January 9). Upstream: The Newspaper
no author 2009) International Oil and Gas Newspaper. p. 20. article
Use first few words of
article title in quotation
marks
Newspaper article (O’Leary, 2006) O’Leary, C. (2006, June 29). Landmark study to aid push for public Newspaper
online: electronic smoking ban. The West Australian, p. 14. Retrieved from article
database Newspaper Source.
Newspaper article (Hilts, 2009) Hilts, P.J. (2009, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most Newspaper
online: available people flunk out. The New York Times. Retrieved from article
via the Web http://www.nytimes.com
Conference Paper Coates and Hill (1996) Coates, L., & Hill, P. (1996). An overview of fatalities from some Conference
address the cost of natural hazards in Australia. In R. L. Heathcote, C. Cuttler and paper
natural disasters J. Koetz (Eds.), NDR96 Conference on Natural Disaster
Reduction. Canberra: Institution of Engineers, 49-54. Retrieved
14CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
from http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/15972837
Conference (Banerjee, 2007) Banerjee, A. (2007, July). Fixed mobile substitution and lessons for Conference
Presentation broadband. Paper presented at the Australian Competition and proceedings
Consumer Commission (ACCC) Regulatory Conference,
Brisbane.
Theses-print Rorrison (2006) Rorrison, D. (2006). Jumping through spinning hoops, chance or a Thesis
version examines the central carefully constructed learning journey? A critical view of learning
role of the….. in the secondary practicum. (Unpublished Master’s thesis).
Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia.
Theses-online Campbell’s (2004, p. Campbell, K. (2004). Family food environments as determinants of Thesis
2) concern is “the children’s eating: implications for obesity prevention. (Doctoral
prevalence of Dissertation, Charles Darwin University, 2004). Retrieved from
obesity…..” http://espace.cdu.edu.au/collection/cdu:24303
15CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
Multimedia, images:
Elements of the citation:
DVD or Film:
Producer Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Producer), & Director Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Director). (Year). Title of
movie [Format e.g. Motion picture or DVD]. Country where movie was produced: Name of Studio.
Video streaming ie: YouTube or Vimeo
Author, A. A. OR Author screen name. (Year, Month Day {of video post}). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL of specific
video
Image:
Author, A. A. OR Title (if no author). (Year). Title [Image]. Retrieved from URL
Reference Type In-text example Reference list example EndNote
Reference
Type
DVD or (McElroy, Dowling & McElroy, H. (Producer), Dowling, K., & Burton, G. (Directors). (1994). Film or
videorecordings Burton, 1994) The sum of us [Motion picture]. Australia: Southern Star broadcast
Entertainment.
Television (ABC Television, Lance and the truth (2013, February 4). [television broadcast]. Retrieved Film or
programs 2013) from broadcast
16CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2013/02/04/3680186.hm
YouTube or (Fukuyama, 2006) Fukuyama, M. (2006). At the corner of me and myself: Voices of multiple Film or
Streaming video recalled that…. social identities [Streaming video]. Hanover, MA: Microtraining broadcast
Associates. Retrieved from
http://ctiv.alexanderstreet.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/View/53574
OR
(Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin University (2008, July 22). Welcome to CDU Library,
University, 2008)
[Online video]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QiOG2yvo3G0
Image on the web The photo “Autumn Curtin University Library. (2007). Autumn ivy [Image]. Retrieved from Figure
ivy” (Curtin http://www.flickr.com/photos/curtinuniversitylibrary/1440410713
University Library,
2007)….. Include the URL under the image in the document or presentation
Software (Skyscape, 2011) Skyscape, (2011). Skyscape Medical Resources (Version Computer
1.14.8) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved program
from http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id293170168?mt=8&ign=uo%3
D4
iPad and other (WebMED Health WebMD Health Corporation (2012). Medscape (Version 4.0) [Mobile Computer
apps Corporation, 2012) application Software]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com program
17CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
Web sources and online documents:
Elements of the citation:
Personal or Corporate Author. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). Title of specific document. Retrieved from
URL of specific document
Reference Type In-text example Reference list example EndNote
Reference
Type
Entire website (Australian Bureau of Website
Statistics, 2013) Cite the website title in text but do not include it in the reference list
or
According to the
Australian Bureau of
Statistics (2013)….
Document or page (Australian Australian Psychological Society. (2008). Substance abuse: Position Website
from a website Psychological statement. Retrieved from
Society, 2008) http://www.psychology.org.au/publication/statements/substance
Web page: no (“Improve indigenous Improve Indigenous housing now, governments told. (2007). Retrieved Website
author housing”, 2007) from
http://www.architecture.com.au/i-cms?page=10220
18CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
Use the first few words
of the page title.
Web page: no (Jones, n.d.) Jones, M. D. (n.d.). Commentary on Indigenous housing initiatives. Website
date Retrieved from http://www.architecture.com.au
If there is a copyright date on the website this can be used in place of the date
last updated
Web page: no (“Mindfulness Mindfulness meditation. (n.d.). Retrieved from Website
author or date mediation”, n.d., para http://www.freemeditations.com/mindfulness-meditation.html
8)
Count paragraphs if not
numbered
Standards (Standards Australia, Standards Australia. (1994). The storage and handling of corrosive Standard
1994, p. 19) substances (AS3780-1994). Retrieved from
http://www.saiglobal.com
Australian Bureau (Australian Bureau of Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). Regional population growth: Electronic
of Statistics (ABS) Statistics, 2013) Australia, 2011-2012 (cat. no. 3218.0). Retrieved from article
http://www.abs.gov.au
Article from a (Joanna Briggs Joanna Briggs Institute. (2007). Effective dietary interventions for Electronic
health database Institute, 2007) overweight and obese children. Best Practice: Evidence Based article
ie: Cochrane, Information Sheets for Health Professionals, 11(1), 1-4.
Joanna Briggs Retrieved from http://www.joannabriggs.edu.au
Institute OR
(Winter, Hunter, Sim Winter, J., Hunter, S., Sim, J., & Crome, P. (2011). Hands-on therapy
& Crome, 2011) interventions for upper limb motor dysfunction following stroke.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 201(6).
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006609.pub.2
Reference from “Panadol” (2012) as Panadol. (2012). In MIMS. Retrieved from http://www.mims.com.au Online
eMIMS or eTG listed in MIMS database
19CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
indicates…..
OR
The effects of
panadol…(“Panadol”,
2012)
Government (Commonwealth of Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Climate Change and Government
document Australia, 2010) Energy Efficiency. (2010). Developing a national coastal document
adaptation agenda: A report on the National Climate Change
Forum. Retrieved from
http://www.climatechange.gov.au/~/media/publications/adaptatio
n/developing-national-coastal-adaptation-agenda.pdf
Online blog (Brown, 2008) Brown, M. (2008, November 1). A royal pardon for the British witches? Website
[Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.worldhistoryblog.com
Wiki (Sports psychology, Sports psychology. (n.d.). In The psychology wiki. Retrieved Website
n.d.) December 2, 2008, Retrieved from
http://psychology.wikis.com/wiki/Sports_psyhology
Facebook page (Group name, 2009) When I was your age, Pluto was a planet. [ca. 2009]. In Facebook Website
[Group page]. Retrieved December 16, 2009, from
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2207893888
Twitter update or (@BarackObama, Website
Tweet 2009) To cite a Twitter feed as a whole or to discuss it in general give the Twitter
name in text, inside parentheses. There is no need for a reference list entry.
20CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
Legislation and Cases:
Elements of the citation:
Act or Bill:
Name of Act Year (Jurisdiction)
Case:
Case Name (Year) Volume Law Report Series Reporter Abbreviated Starting Page
Reference In-text example Reference list example EndNote
Type Reference
Type
Acts and Bills ... according to s. 15.4 of the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) Legal Rule/
Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 Regulation
(Qld) ...
Interactive Gambling Bill 2001 (Cth)
The Interactive Gambling Bill
2001 (Cth) prohibits ... If accessed electronically no additional details are required, cite as you
would for print.
Cases According to Carey v. Price Carey v. Price (2005) 132 ALR 255 Case
(2005) ...
Mabo v. Queensland (1988) 166 CLR 186
... in a land rights case (Mabo
v. Queensland, 1988).
21CDU APA 6th Reference Style Guide
Common abbreviations:
App. appendix
Art. article
Chap. chapter
Div. division
ed. editor, edited by, edition
Ed. Eds. Editor Editors
et al. and others (Latin et al)
n.d. no date
No. Nos. Number(s)
n.p. no place
p. pp. page(s)
para. paragraph
Pt. Part
Rev. ed. Revised edition
Sec. Section
Ser. Series
Suppl. Supplement
s.v. under the word (Latin sub verso)
Trans. Translator(s)
Vol. Vols. Volume Volumes
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