Regulation, Policies and Strategies on NORM Management - Marta García-Talavera - National Workshop on Holistic Approach to NORM Management, Brazil
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National Workshop on Holistic Approach 3–7 May 2021
to NORM Management, Brazil
Regulation, Policies and Strategies
on NORM Management
Marta García-Talavera
Outline 1. National policies & strategies on NORM residues management 2. Regulation. A perspective on the transposition of the EU-BSS 3. Lessons learnt in Spain
National Policies & Strategies
Why do we
need them? • Higher visibility and better coordination
• Allows the relevant waste owners or operators, or
specific industry sectors, to develop their own
What to expect strategies aligned with the national objectives
• Improved capability to develop NORM waste
from them? infrastructure, including disposal sites
• Encourages more waste management companies to
enter the market
• IAEA SSG-60 (3.2)
National Policies & Strategies
Create value
from waste
What to
expect? Safety
Evidence-based
Participatory
IAEA ENVIRONET-NORM Project
TG1 Policies & strategies
TG2 Inventories
TG3 Waste management costs
TG4 NORM residues characterization
2021 Decommissioning
2022 Waste valorisation
National Policy for 1. Safety objectives
2. Underlying concepts and principles
the Management of a. Key definitions
b. Implications of classification as radioactive waste
NORM Residues c. Sustainability and the waste management hierarchy
3. Elements of a national policy
NES Publication under preparation a. Assignment of responsibilities
b. Policy tools
c. Regulatory framework
d. National NORM waste inventory
e. Infrastructure requirements
f. Financing
g. Consultation and participation of interested parties
h. Horizontal policy coordination
Policy Tools
VOLUNTARY
INFORMATION & AGREEMENTS
EDUCATION
REGULATION
ECONOMIC
INSTRUMENTS
Horizontal Policy Coordination
• Identify other related policies
Industrial
Waste • Take joint action to correct existing policy
misalignments and achieve coherence.
• Explore the feasibility and potential benefits
RW of policy integration and, when beneficial,
promoting macro-level policy and strategies.
Contaminated
Land
National Strategy Development Cycle
ENGAGING WITH
DEVELOP INTERESTED PARTIES
UPDATING
DEVELOPING
STRATEGY
INVENTORY
SITUATION
ANALYZING & GAP ANALYSIS
CHANGE & TRENDS
CHOOSING
MONITORING AND POLICY INSTRUMENTS
REVIEWING
DRAFTING THE
STRATEGY
REVIEW
& UPDATE IMPLEMENT
TRAINING SIGN OFF BY
& COMMUNICATING GOV/ADM
ASSIGNING
RESOUCES
Regulation. Graded Approach
IAEA Safety Glossary: For a system of control, such as a regulatory system or a safety
system, a process or method in which the stringency of the control measures and
conditions to be applied is commensurate, to the extent practicable, with the likelihood
and possible consequences of, and the level of risk associated with, a loss of control.
Where to apply it? For each of the regulatory functions
• Development of regulations and guides
GSR Part 1
• Authorization of facilities and activities
• Review and assessment of facilities and activities
• Inspection of facilities and activities
• Enforcement
• Communication and consultation with interested partiesRegulation. Graded Approach SSG-60 Management of Residues Containing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material from Uranium Production and Other Activities: “… the application of the requirements of planned exposure situations to NORM activities needs to be commensurate with the characteristics of the NORM activity, and with the magnitude and likelihood of the exposures.”
EU–BSS. Graded Approach
Facilities/activities of
moderate or high risk
(radioactive discharges)
Licensing
RADIATION RISK
Facilities/activities of
low or moderate risk Registration
Lowest form of
regulatory control.
Low risk practices Notification
Positive List
and/or
presence of NORMOne size does not fit all
EU–BSS. Application of exemption and clearance
EU–BSS: General exemption/clearance activity concentration values for
NORM in solid materials of any amount:
Natural radionuclides from the uranium-238 series: 1 kBq kg-1
Natural radionuclides from the thorium-232 series: 1 kBq kg-1
K-40: 10 kBq kg-1
• AT, CZ, FI, FR, HU, IR, IT, LI, LU, NL, PO, RO, SL, SE, CH
• DK, NO, DE: application of summation rule
• UK: higher values for Pb-210+/Po-210 (5 Bq/g)
• BE, SP: RP-122 part 2
Application of the concepts of exemption and clearance to the regulation of NORM across HERCA countries.
M. García-Talavera, J. Popic, P. Görts, Z. Deri, K. Jones, S. Pepin (HERCA WG-NAT).
To be published 2021HERCA. Conditional exemption/clearance
About half of the countries have specific provisions on their regulation to grant
specific/conditional exemption and clearance
Examples:
• The Netherlands: Specific clearance for disposal of wet sludge
from oil and gas production and geothermal facilities
Specific clearance level (Bq/g)
Pb-210+: 100; Po-210: 100
Ra-226+: 5; Ra-228+: 10
Th-228+: 5; Th-232sec: 5; U-235sec: 10; U-238sec: 5
K-40: 100
• Spain: Specific exemption for Po-210 and Pb-210 in clinker ovens
Pb-210+/Po-210: 150 Bq/gHERCA. RW vs. non RW
• Reporting obligations
• Transboundary movement and shipment of waste
• Disposal options
• Public perception
• Norway
• To disposal site licenced
for disposal of RW
• Hazardous waste (HW): To facility
with license either for HW
disposal or for RW (DSA)
• Non-HW: To waste management NORM waste =RW
facility licensed by DSA
NORM waste ≠ RW
Some NORM waste = RWEU–BSS. Reuse & Recycling
Recycling or reuse of radioactive materials
arising from any authorised practice is subject
to authorisation (Art. 31.1).
Waste management hierarchy. Adapted from European Directive 2008/98/EC
CIRCULAR ECOMOMY ACTION PLAN (2015, 2020) & EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL INVESTMENT PLAN (2020)Spain. Industry Overview • Zr industry (ceramic, refractories…) • Titanium dioxide production • Production of Cu, Al, Zn, Sn, Fe/steel • Use of thorium or Th compounds (TIG welding) • Processing of phosphate ore (fertilizers & animal feeds) • Oil and gas production • Coal-fired energy generation • Cement production • NORM disposal
Spain.
2. Regulation
RD 783/2001 transposing Directive 96/29/Euratom
Directive 59/2013/Euratom
CSN Instruction IS-33 (2011)
• List of industries
• Notification to the regional authority
• Conduct of a radiological risk assessment
Approval
Implement RP Program
by CSN
Keep exposures
OR
under reviewSpain.
2. Regulation
Ministerial Order IET/1946/2013
Quality control program
Exemption/clearance: RP-122 Part II (0.3 mSv)
Traceability
CONVENTIONAL <
MANAGEMENT
SPECIFIC STUDY
W: 6 mSv
P: 1 mSv
CONVENTIONAL
ROUTE & <
IS-33 provisions
RADIOACTIVE
WASTE3.
Spain. Compliance
Lack of information
? Dificulties to get expert advice
Weak enforcement
• Dysfunctional governance
• Insufficient inspection resources3. NORM
CSN 4 Pillar Compliance Strategy
• Regional Authorities: • Systematic approach
(Industry &
• Risk-based targeting
Environment)
• Hands on advice
INSTITUTIONAL INSPECTION
COOPERATION PROGRAMME
CAPACITY INDUSTRY
BUILDING ENGAGEMENT
• NORM-RPE • Voluntary basis
authorization scheme • Industry-specific
compliance solutionsCSN Pilot Inspection Program (2017–2018) Facility Selection: 1) type of facility (risk based) 2) uniform random sampling Inspection Development: Opening meeting Interviews & discussion with personnel of the operator. Examination of procedures, equipment and documentation Walk-trough visit (Monitoring & Sampling) Closing meeting Inspection Reports available at: www.csn.es (“Actas de Inspecciones”)
Capacity Building New CSN Authorisation for NORM RP service providers • Technical and human means • Competency test • Approval of technical procedures
Thank you for your attention!
Contact: Marta García-Talavera (mgtm@csn.es)
Nuclear Safety Council (CSN)
Chair of the ENVIRONET-NORM ProjectYou can also read
