SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE - APPLYING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN - UNEP Document ...
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE APPLYING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE APPLYING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE
APPLYING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
This publication was made possible thanks to financial support
by the Government of Brazil, which enabled the United Nations
Environment Programme to advance the “Integrated Approach to
Copyright © 2016, United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) Environmental Sustainability in Development Planning” project.
ISBN No: 978-92-807-3611-3
Job No: RSO/2051/PA It is based on experiences that took a BRAZIL AND ANDEAN COUNTRIES THE ANGLOPHONE CARIBBEAN
balanced approach towards the three
dimensions of sustainable development; Luis Carlos Aguilar, Igor Arsky, Laura Vicki Assevero, Loreto Duffy-Mayers,
and was systematized by consultants Avellaneda, Gertjan Beekman, Bart Tricia Greaux, Lorenzo Harewood,
from the region: Adrian Cardona, Jorge de Bievre, Ross Borja, Raquel Breda, Shantal Munro-Knight, Lia Nicholson,
Chavez-Tafur, Mayté González, Diana Fernando Coimbra, Luis Henrique Cunha, Carlos Antonio Rowe, JECO Caribbean
DISCLAIMERS SUGGESTED CITATION FINANCIAL SUPPORT
The views expressed in this publication are those of UNEP 2016. Sustainable Development in Practice: Government of Brazil Siller, and Elizabeth Thompson. The Edith Fernández, Emilio Gabbrielli, Pedro Consultants, National Irrigation
the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views Applying an integrated approach experiences in information gathered and consolidated Carlos Gama, Ricardo Hirata, Pablo Lloret, Commission Jamaica, OECS St. Lucia.
CREDITS
of the United Nations Environment Programme. Latin America and the Caribbean. United Nations for this publication by these consultants Antonieta Noli, Mara Nottingham, Pedro
Environment Programme, Panama city, Panama. © Maps, photos, and illustrations as specified.
was facilitated by key information Oyarzun, Gene Pawlowski, Tania Ricaldi, Finally, our thanks also go to the UN
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this publication does not imply endorsement by the LEAD AUTHOR, COORDINATOR, AND EDITOR COVER IMAGES providers, to whom we would like to Leonarda Souza, Veronica Tavares, Bruno Environment team, who supported
© Octavio Aburto, WWF; Ubirajara Machado; express our gratitude: Teixeira, Ana Tumi, Rolando Vargas, Hugo this process and provided insightful
United Nations Environment Programme. Piedad Martín.
BlackSoil; Andrés Hernández; UNDP/ UNEP;
Vila, Oscar Yupanqui. comments: Dolores Barrientos, Jacinto
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD MESSAGES FROM THE FIELD SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE Dominican Republic SUMMARY OF ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCES
6 18 A LOOK FORWARD 70
The Experiences 26 GREENING SAFE HOSPITALS included in the digital compilation 67
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 01 Health, environment, and risk management 46 REFERENCES 74
Barbados Argentina
BREAKING SILOS VERSUS BRIDGING THEM
ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION 8 The role of sector-specific initiatives THE BARBADOS BOARDWALK Dominican Republic A SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE ANNEX: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
in advancing integrated policy 20 A boon to conservation, recreation and tourism 28 VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE HAZARDS INDEX The Akapacha Ecovillage Experience 67 GOALS AND TARGETS 76
THE INTEGRATED APPROACH Breaking the cycle of poverty and
and the 2030 Agenda 02 Bolivia environmental vulnerability 48 Brazil
for Sustainable Development 10
GLOBAL VS LOCAL RESPONSES COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT THE AGUA DOCE PROGRAMME
Eastern Caribbean
THE REGIONAL CONTEXT 13
Sustainable development is context-specific, Associations for economic and social inclusion with Water for Brazil’s semi-arid region 67
but broader policies matter 21 environmental benefits 30 LIVING THE BLUE ECONOMY
A regional network of climate-resilient Costa Rica
THE PROCESS OF 03 Brazil marine managed areas 50
COMPILING EXPERIENCES 14 NAMA COFFEE
TRANSFORMING REALITIES BOLSA VERDE A community of producers drives
Sustainability requires innovation Combining conditional cash transfers Ecuador national carbon neutrality 67
and cultural shifts 22 with forest protection 32 QUITO’S WATER FUND
Local financing for sustainability 52 Chile
04 Brazil
MODEL FOREST
KNIT THE NETWORK SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION El Salvador Active processes for sustainable
Partnerships as a tool for coherent implementation
AND PRODUCTION MUNICIPAL SYNERGY IN ACTION territory management 68
and scaling up impact 23 Localised institutional responses for
National Action Plan for a Paradigm Change 34
sustainable land management 54 Grenada
05 Chile MORE THAN A SCHOOL
THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR Honduras
HEALTHY AIR FOR SANTIAGO DE CHILE Grenada’s green lessons for lifelong learning 68
To push for an integrated approach from
Innovative green taxation for a better quality of life 36 QUESUNGUAL
the economic perspective 24 The real value of protecting the soil 56 Jamaica
06
Colombia A GENDER LENS FOR
Mexico
MONITORING COMPREHENSIVE BANCO2 THE GREEN ECONOMY
Harnessing banking to protect forests 38 BEYOND FOOD SECURITY Empowering Caribbean women farmers 68
IMPLEMENTATION Fifteen years of agricultural productivity
to combat poverty 58
Balanced long-term decisions Colombia Mexico
requires data 25
SUSTAINABLE CATTLE RANCHING Peru ENSURING WATER FOR PEOPLE
Powerful alliances to ensure both economic
and environmental profits 40 MOUNTAINOUS COMMUNITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
189 reserves to ensure fair
DRIVING CHANGE and sustainable water use 69
Costa Rica Healthy ecosystems to reduce vulnerability
to climate change 60
ACTUAR Panama
An association of communities for rural
Trinidad and Tobago ECOLOGICAL TRUST
alternative tourism 42
A mechanism for long-term financing 69
THE GREEN MARKET AND THE
Cuba
FUTURE OF FARMING Paraguay
RECYCLING COOPERATIVES Food and culture in Santa Cruz 62
MODERNIZING FAMILY AGRICULTURE
Promoting collective interest and social inclusion 44
New production technologies to combat poverty
Uruguay and foster resilience 69
uneplive.unep.org
RENEWING ENERGY
Transition to a cleaner and more efficient
energy mix 64
DIGITAL COMPILATION OF
4 ALL EXPERIENCES AND 5
RELATED DOCUMENTATION
FOREWORD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
WHAT WERE WE
LOOKING FOR…
“PROTECT
THE PLANET”
An integrated approach for
sustainable development that INTEGRATED
Last year, nearly 200 world leaders agreed to make our world more just, more inclusive and more se- promotes sustained and inclu- APPROACH
cure by ending poverty and protecting natural resources. These nations agree they must place social, sive economic growth, social
economic and environmental development on an equal footing. And they further agree that all public development and environ- “NO ONE GETS “PROSPERITY
and private stakeholders join force. This report shares a diverse collection of inspirational stories that mental protection. LEFT BEHIND” FOR ALL”
explain how such integrated efforts already benefit people in Latin America and the Caribbean, and
could do the same elsewhere.
When it comes to balancing different objectives and budgets, decision makers across all sectors
face increasingly tough choices. The good news is that we do not have to choose between the envi-
ronment, the economy and the wellbeing of people. As these stories show, with a little ingenuity, a lot
33 57 28 96
of determination and some careful prioritization we can have all three.
For example, it is easy to over simplify cattle farming’s impact on the environment. However, new
techniques are emerging from different countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. They show the WHO PARTICIPATED…
huge potential to reduce poverty, food insecurity and the loss of biodiversity, while tackling climate
change and economic growth. Take the Sustainable Colombian Ranching project, which community countries involved experiences identified further documented people interviewed
leader and rancher Alba Tamayo is involved with. This project owes much of its success to widespread
co-operation among diverse stakeholders, including government, scientific and civil society organisa-
tions, as well as thousands of ranchers.
01 03
Many stories point to the benefits of new technology, while others highlight the potential for adapt-
ing the idea for new places. However, they all have one thing in common: they show how important it BREAKING SILOS
02 TRANSFORMING
GLOBAL RESPONSES REALITIES
is to involve every level of civil society and government. This is particularly clear in a story from Hon- VERSUS BRIDGING THEM
duras, which explains how traditional knowledge is reversing soil damage, increasing its value and From local to global The necessary symbiosis
Three development
and vice versa between culture and
showing new generations that slash and burn activities are not the best option. dimensions towards
technology
These examples reflect Latin America and the Caribbean’s determination to integrate social, eco- one vision
WHAT ARE THE MAIN
nomic and environmental development, by making people the priority. Achieving that right across this
MESSAGES FROM
fragile planet of finite resources will need more international co-operation and a more strategic dis-
THE FIELD…
tribution of investment. That’s why we hope that everyone seeking to make local, regional or global
progress will use this report as a source of practical inspiration to tackle their own priorities. 04 05 06
THE ROLE OF THE THE PRACTICALITY
KNIT THE NETWORK
PRIVATE SECTOR OF DATA
Partnerships for integration
A resourceful partner for Driving informed decisions
really work
sustainable change with a balanced long-
6 Sarney Filho Erik Solheim 7
term perspective
Minister of Environment of Brazil Head of UN Environment
ABOUT THIS
PUBLICATION
“Life is one and the world is one, and all these questions
are inter-linked. The population explosion; poverty;
ignorance and disease, the pollution of our surroundings,
the stockpiling of nuclear weapons and biological
and chemical agents of destruction are all parts of a
vicious circle. Each is important and urgent but dealing
with them one by one would be wasted effort.”
Indira Gandhi,
1972 Stockholm Human Environment Conference
© Ubirajara Machado.
The UN General Assembly adopted Trans- employment, climate-related disasters, proach to sustainable development for years. sions of sustainable development — maxi- fying and qualifying genuine integrated pol- information has been included in an online
forming our World: the 2030 Agenda for migration, and natural resource degrada- Although designed before the definition of mising environmental, social, and economic icies, plans and initiatives; and how they compendium that complements this publi-
Sustainable Development (UNGA, 2015) in tion, demands collective action, strategic the SDGs, these initiatives have already con- benefits. In this sense it should be taken for were assessed before reviewing trends and cation. Its aim is to ensure that data, knowl-
September 2015. This declaration, the re- leadership, and policies that take a holis- tributed to their achievement. what it is: an anthology of successful and key findings. edge, and best practices can be shared in
sult of an intense participatory process by tic approach to fostering a transition to a This publication is intended to assist innovative approaches to sustainable devel- The following section looks specifical- order to aid the replication and scaling up
governments, civil society, the private sec- sustainable future for all. As the implan- policymakers seeking to balance integration opment. Readers should feel free to explore ly at the experiences that were chosen to across the LAC region. This digital compen-
tor, and other development stakeholders, tation phase of the Sustainable Develop- within different development objectives by each example, and consider them carefully provide examples of how an integrated ap- dium can be found at the end of this publi-
describes the plans that will guarantee a ment Goals (SDGs) has already begun, the providing insights to the challenges they for ideas -- and perhaps even inspiration -- proach can flow from any sector, be present cation as well as in UNEP Live (www.unep.
global partnership to promote sustained global development community is assessing face. It also highlights the roles different that allows them to create and implement in any stage of the policy cycle, and be ap- org/uneplive), an on-line platform devel-
and inclusive economic growth, poverty which strategies and resources are needed stakeholders, from governments to civil so- their own integrated approaches. plied at scales ranging from the local to the oped to share knowledge and data.
eradication and environmental protection. to achieve this ambitious agenda. ciety and the private sector, can play in de- In terms of structure, this publication regional. The brief presentation of nineteen The document concludes with a look at
As it states in its preamble, “We are re- However, the 2030 Agenda and the velopment processes. To do this, it provides begins by presenting a framework that de- experiences is concluded by summaries of some of the opportunities for an integrated
solved to free the human race from the tyr- SDGs were not created in a vacuum. Parallel an overview of concepts and tools success- fines how the 2030 Agenda has provided nine additional experiences that were left approach to move beyond the experiences
anny of poverty and want and to heal and efforts to take steps towards sustainability fully used in initiatives in the LAC region. By the structural path towards driving an inte- out due to space constraints. All of them presented here and become the status quo
secure our planet.” have been taking place worldwide. The Lat- revealing the links of these initiatives to spe- grated approach for sustainable develop- exemplify how we can simultaneously ad- for planning, implementing, and assessing
The complexity of the development in America and Caribbean (LAC) region has cific SDG targets, the experiences analysed ment. It then provides an overview of the vance multiple objectives across the three sustainable development plans on our jour-
8 challenges faced by our societies today, been developing and implementing strate- also offer practical insights and entry points process for compiling the experiences that dimensions of sustainable development. ney towards achieving the goals and targets 9
such as growing inequality, rising un- gies and policies that apply an integrated ap- to enable the merging of the three dimen- follow. This includes the criteria for identi- Outside this document, additional critical as set out in the 2030 Agenda.
THE INTEGRATED United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
2012
(Rio+20) “The Future We Want” outcome document acknowledg-
2015
United Nations Sustainable Development Summit. “Transform-
ing Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” calls for
“achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – econom-
APPROACH
es that: “Since 1992 there have been areas of insufficient progress ic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner.”
and setbacks in the integration of the three dimensions of sus-
tainable development… [calling for a high level political forum to]
enhance integration of the three dimensions of sustainable devel-
opment in a holistic and cross sectoral manner at all levels.”
AND THE 2030 AGENDA FOR 2002
World Summit on Sustainable Development. The report from the
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Summit calls for: “Integration of the economic, social and environmen-
tal dimensions of sustainable development in a balanced manner.”
Truly sustainable development outcomes cannot Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are “integrat-
be achieved if development action remains with- ed and indivisible, and balance the three dimensions 1992
in traditional social, economic and environmental of sustainable development.” It is therefore not pos- UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio Earth Sum-
mit) defined Agenda 21 as a tool to foster a “balanced and in-
silos. Instead, a more holistic or “integrated” ap-
proach is necessary. In this way, the connections
sible to selectively make progress in a few of the
goals; the multi-dimensional nature of development
tegrated approach to environment and development questions”
where government decision making and policy making accounts
1987
United Nations’ World Commission on Environment and Devel-
between social progress, economic growth, and challenges and the need to simultaneously achieve for the complexity of achieving sustainable development. opment (WCED) released its report Our Common Future and popu-
environmental sustainability are acknowledged. long-term gains in all realms must be recognized — larized sustainable development. “The ability to choose policy paths
In the UN Conference on Sustainable Devel- and any actions must take into account this recogni- that are sustainable requires that the ecological dimensions of pol-
opment (known as Rio +20) outcome document, tion. An example of this multi-dimensionality lies in icy be considered at the same time as the economic, trade, energy,
world leaders recognized this issue, declaring that
sustainable development could only be achieved
the role environmental sustainability plays in creating
a prosperous future for all. Its inclusion in all of the
1980 agricultural, industrial, and other dimensions – on the same agen-
das and in the same national and international institutions.”
World Conservation Strategy (WCS) – The Internation-
by “promoting sustained, inclusive and equitable SDGs challenges humanity to find new ways of en- al Union for the Conversation of Nature and Natural Resourc-
economic growth, creating greater opportunities suring well-being that do not result in the depletion es (IUCN) introduces the concept of Sustainable Development.
“[There is a need to] integrate every stage of the conversa-
for all, reducing inequalities, raising basic stan- of natural resources, environmental degradation, or
tion and development processes, from the initial setting of pol-
dards of living, fostering equitable social develop- the destruction of livelihoods.
icies to their eventual implementation and operation.”
ment and inclusion, and promoting the integrated
and sustainable management of natural resources
The Agenda also seeks to ensure that com-
prehensiveness of the approach to development
1972
Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment – Introduc-
and ecosystems.” They called for “holistic and in- is maintained. Not only are there clear links be- tion of Principle 13: “States should adopt an integrated and coor-
tegrated approaches to sustainable development” tween topics, visions, and previous international dinated approach to their development planning so as to ensure
to guide humanity to live in harmony with nature commitments (such as, the Multilateral Environ- that development is compatible with the need to protect and im-
prove the human environment for the benefit of their population.”
and help “restore the health and integrity of the mental Agreements, Human Rights mechanisms
Earth’s ecosystem.” (UN, 2012, parrag. 40). and the Millennium Declaration), but also it incor-
The 2030 Agenda builds on this ethos. It synthe- porates tools such as policy coherence, good gov-
sizes the breath and complexity of the development ernance, and partnerships in the targets related
issues the world faces by identifying five key themes to the means of implementation. This framework A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE INTEGRATED APPROACH
for action: people, planet, prosperity, peace, and part- implies that progress towards attaining one goal
10 nerships. The Agenda goes further by establishing 17 can lead to successes in many others if an inte- FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 11
goals with 169 targets, as mandated in Rio+20. These grated approach is applied.
THE REGIONAL
WHY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH?
Our world faces increasingly complex issues that defy traditional categorisation and are difficult to resolve. Despite this, development
efforts are often uncoordinated and encumbered with numerous independent policy processes, stakeholders, and resource burdens that
often result in outcomes that are inefficient, ineffective, and unexpected — or not understood. Moving away from single issue inter-
CONTEXT
ventions to an integrated approach that develops entire systems will ensure today’s complex issues are tackled in a holistic way.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
The Latin America and Caribbean region is
incredibly vibrant. Its richness in political, so-
cial, and natural contrasts is evident in the
spectrum of country size, economic struc-
ture, and extremely diverse geographical
Adopts a programmatic
and ecological features it holds. However
Addresses the multi- approach to pool
Exploits synergies that despite this diversity, several common chal-
dimensionality of the resources and increase
result in multiple benefits lenges arise: national economies continue
root causes and drivers institutional overlaps and
and greater impact
of unsustainability. cooperation with a wider to share a persistent and heavy reliance on
range of stakeholders. primary products and natural resources, and
the region’s composition of mainly middle in-
© UNEP.
come countries belies widespread inequality
with many people remaining in a ‘vulnerable from trends in global climate change that In this regard, the Latin America and Carib-
class’ that risks falling into poverty. are expected to become more extreme. For bean region has the opportunity to build on
Manages trade- The region has made progress in ad- example, Andean glaciers, which provide and upscale existing efforts. Committed and
Uses human, financial,
offs in a structured dressing a number of high-priority socio-eco- a vital water resource, are melting, and an innovated social actors from, civil society,
and technical resources
way to advance in all Minimizes the costs and nomic challenges such as decreasing poverty increase in the intensity and frequency of communities, governments, and the private
in a more efficient way,
dimensions of development, negative externalities of and the number of people living in slums. extreme weather events has left no country sector have successfully put sustainable de-
thus avoiding competition
and does not promote incoherent policies
and allowing for However, progress has taken place in many in the region unaffected. velopment initiatives into practice at differ-
some at the expense
economies of scale. cases at the expense of the natural environ- This trade-off between human progress ent scales. Such initiatives were born from
of the others.
ment — agricultural frontiers expand and and environmental health is no longer sus- the need to solve complex problems, and the
the mainly urban population continues to tainable. The future of the region’s econo- visions that drive them are a reflection of the
grow while following production patterns mies, as well as its ability to fight poverty cresol that the region is. The compromises by
that exacerbate environmental degradation. and reverse inequality, depends heavily on the diverse forces within nations and territo-
Furthermore, environmental issues in the region’s natural capital and the capac- ries have given birth to many initiatives that
the region are also vulnerable to worldwide ity of governments to effectively manage take into account various development needs
threats. Despite Latin America and the Ca- it. Unsustainable production and consump- and approaches. They not only reconcile the
Results in more efficient and effective development strategies where resources
ribbean having the lowest carbon content tion patterns therefore need to be urgent- short-term interests of diverse stakeholders,
are used to their maximum effect to achieve irreversible and sustained gains.
12 of any regional energy mix, populations ly addressed if the region is to secure the but also garner their commitment and co-re- 13
and economies are already under pressure well-being of its growing population. sponsibility to ensure a sustainable future.
THE PROCESS OF CRITERIA USED TO VERIFY THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIENCES IN
THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
COMPILING EXPERIENCES “PROTECT
THE PLANET”
ENVIRONMENTAL
DIMENSION
METHODOLOGY documentation of the experience, and that
there was progress in their achievement.
Key aspects considered for this criterion
were: a) the explicit support of stakehold-
Criteria used to verify that results were ers involved, and b) full knowledge of the
The compilation of experiences was under- aligned with the three dimensions are pre- resources needed to maintain results or pro-
taken in three phases: identification, docu- sented in the graphic on the following page. cesses. This contributes to the irreversibili-
mentation and analysis. In the identification ty of changes achieved by the intervention.
and documentation phases, which includ- Key aspects
“NO ONE GETS “PROSPERITY
ed consultations involving all 33 countries Key aspects
LEFT BEHIND” FOR ALL”
in the region, experiences were carefully Achievement of objectives, existence of a
scrutinized to ensure that only those that planning process and a monitoring system/ History of the practice or project, resource SOCIAL ECONOMIC
best complied with the criteria proceed- framework. analysis, key stakeholder support. DIMENSION DIMENSION
ed to the analysis phase. After a thorough
process of reviewing policies, projects, and II. PERTINENCE AND LEGITIMACY IV. REPLICABILITY AND
programmes, 57 experiences were identi- EXPORT POTENTIAL
fied as potentially applying an integrated This refers to the degree to which experienc-
approach. From that point, the decision was es took specific needs or contexts (whether The potential for replication was deter-
taken to further document the 28 strongest national, subnational, or local) into account, mined by whether experiences could be DOES THE EXPERIENCE… DOES THE EXPERIENCE… DOES THE EXPERIENCE…
cases. Ninety-six people were involved in and how they responded to them. In order implemented in other contexts. It there-
• have a verifiable impact on poverty • strengthen natural capital • increase wealth and income?
this process and contributed to the identifi- for experiences to be considered pertinent fore could not include unique personal or eradication or human development? (ecosystem conservation, • improve economic competitiveness
cation and provision of specific information. and legitimate, they must have responded economic resources, legal frameworks, in- • strengthen access to social services? management, restoration)? and productivity?
The following specific criteria were ap- to an objective needs assessment, and key stitutions, etc. that would make it difficult • promote social participation • facilitate progress to a low carbon • enable positive fiscal results?
plied to identify the experiences: stakeholders must have been consulted and to replicate. One way to verify replicability and access to information? and greener society and economy? • contribute to sustainable
• foster the inclusion of • reduce pollution and recover, productive transformation?
included in the intervention. was whether the experience had already
vulnerable groups? reuse or dispose of waste in an • foster the creation of new
I. VERIFIABLE RESULTS OF THE been implemented in other locations.
• promote decent employment? environmentally sound manner? green businesses?
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE Key aspects • strengthen food security, • avoid or mitigate greenhouse • drive local/sectoral/national growth?
INTEGRATED APPROACH Key aspects health, and/or education? gas emissions? • strengthen the inclusion of
Needs assessment, key stakeholders/ben- • promote fair access to natural • promote an efficient use the value of natural assets in
This refers to the achievement of the ex- eficiaries involved. Specificity of the design and objectives, resources, ecosystem services, of natural resources? economic policy decisions?
and their benefits? • ensure the protection of life- • decrease the carbon intensity
plicit and implicit objectives in the three di- existence of the same intervention (or a
• decrease social vulnerability to supporting capacities of air, of development?
mensions of development (economic, social, III. SUSTAINABILITY version in another context), necessary re-
disaster risk or climate change? water, soil, and ecosystems? • increase economic and
and environmental). To this end, it was nec- sources and enabling conditions. infrastructure resilience to disaster
14 essary that the objectives and methodolo- Experiences, to be considered, had to have risk and climate change? 15
gy for evaluating them were explicit in the the capacity to be sustainable over time.
THE EXPERIENCES Mexico
14
BEYOND FOOD SECURITY
Peru
15
26 MOUNTAINOUS COMMUNITIES DRIVING CHANGE
9 The Dominican Republic
16
14
16 GREENING SAFE HOSPITALS
25 17 10
The Dominican Republic
13 17
Barbados VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE HAZARDS INDEX
1 12
THE BARBADOS BOARDWALK 24 1
Trinidad & Tobago
18 18
Bolivia 8 THE GREEN MARKET AND THE FUTURE OF FARMING
2 27
22 6
COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT
Uruguay
19
Brazil RENEWING ENERGY
3 7
BOLSA VERDE
Argentina
20
Brazil A SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE
4 11
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
Brazil
21
Chile THE AGUA DOCE PROGRAMME
5 3
HEALTHY AIR FOR SANTIAGO DE CHILE
Costa Rica
22
Colombia NAMA COFFEE
6
BANCO2
Chile
15 4 23
Colombia MODEL FOREST
7
SUSTAINABLE CATTLE RANCHING
2 Grenada
24
Costa Rica MORE THAN A SCHOOL
8 21
ACTUAR
Jamaica
25
Cuba 28 A GENDER LENS FOR THE GREEN ECONOMY
9
RECYCLING COOPERATIVES Mexico
Eastern Caribbean 26 ENSURING WATER FOR PEOPLE AND THE
10
LIVING THE BLUE ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT
5 19
Panama
Ecuador 20 27
11 23 ECOLOGICAL TRUST
QUITO’S WATER FUND
Paraguay
El Salvador 28
12 MODERNIZING FAMILY AGRICULTURE
MUNICIPAL SYNERGY IN ACTION
Honduras
13
16 QUESUNGUAL 17
Available online at uneplive.unep.orgMESSAGES
FROM
THE FIELD
The Latin American and Caribbean region ational approaches that involve a diverse grated approach and achieve balanced out-
has been an active player in all multilateral group of stakeholders. Over the years, comes. These entry points originated from
processes related to global governance and these have produced a body of knowledge diverse initiatives such as the efforts of
sustainable development. Regionally, there and practices aimed at fostering the sus- specific development sectors to green their
are diverse governmental alliances, frame- tainability of the region’s development path. strategies and ensure more sustainable re-
works for action, and organization platforms The experiences compiled in this doc- sults in the social realm, or the need to con- © Anelí Gómez/PNUD.
that address these issues from different ument all produced, or even continue to vene the interests of different stakeholders
geographic scopes and with various oper- produce, tangible results in the realms of around common concerns such as water ac-
economic development (prosperity for all), cess, forest conservation, or adaptation to 01 04
social well-being (no one gets left behind), climate change. The experiences also show BREAKING SILOS VERSUS BRIDGING THEM: KNIT THE NETWORK: PARTNERSHIPS AS
and environmental sustainability (protect that holistic approaches can even come from THE ROLE OF SECTOR-SPECIFIC INITIATIVES A TOOL FOR COHERENT IMPLEMENTATION
the planet). The common issue that required initiatives at the local level that identify un- IN ADVANCING INTEGRATED POLICY. AND SCALING UP IMPACT.
The average duration of the all of them to embrace this “triple-win” ap- sustainable patterns of development that can
experiences compiled is between proach was the need to solve complex and only be remedied through comprehensive 02 05
40%
multidimensional development problems. solutions. In addition, national-level strat- GLOBAL VS LOCAL RESPONSES: THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR TO
9 10
The holistic or systemic approach they took egies are adopting integrated approaches SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS CONTEXT- PUSH FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
underlies the concept of sustainable devel- when their implementation requires a lon- SPECIFIC BUT BROADER POLICIES MATTER. FROM THE ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE.
opment. However, this was not necessarily ger-term perspective that seeks real trans- of the
to years,
the key inspiration to the solutions adopted formation towards sustainability. 03 06 experiences reviewed leveraged
showing the need for long-lasting
by the field examples presented. A preliminary result of the analysis TRANSFORMING REALITIES: MONITORING COMPREHENSIVE new technologies as a foundation
efforts to produce development
for sustainable change.
18 changes in the field. The following examples present different of this compilation has been synthesized SUSTAINABILITY REQUIRES INNOVATION IMPLEMENTATION: BALANCED LONG-
ways and entry points to arrive at an inte- around the following key messages: AND CULTURAL SHIFTS. TERM DECISIONS REQUIRE DATA.01 02
BREAKING SILOS VERSUS GLOBAL VS LOCAL
BRIDGING THEM RESPONSES
THE ROLE OF SECTOR-SPECIFIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS CONTEXT-
INITIATIVES IN ADVANCING SPECIFIC, BUT BROADER POLICIES MATTER
INTEGRATED POLICY
The involvement and participation of civil very context-driven responses in order to tion— from the local, to the national, and
The experiences have revealed that sec- society and local and subregional govern- be successful. The communities of the Nor even global — should be considered. It is
toral efforts to build bridges between the ments are crucial to tackling context-spe- Yauyos Cochas Reserve in Peru, for exam- where top-down and bottom-up approach-
three dimensions of sustainable develop- cific development challenges. These are the ple, have shown great success in combining es meet that genuine integration and coher-
ment in their own policies, programmes, organizations and institutions that deal with socio-economic, cultural, environmental, ence takes place.
and initiatives provide excellent strategic community concerns on a constant basis, and technological strategies to reduce lo-
entry points to enhance overall policy inte- and can therefore establish effective mech- cal vulnerability and strengthen the resil-
gration and coherence. anisms for participatory planning and for in- ience of productive systems.
Governments naturally have different pro- creasing coherence of sector objectives at Local initiatives that involve integrated
cesses and structures at the strategic level to the local scale. solutions have also proven to be scalable,
coordinate development policy and break de- creased agricultural productivity while com- mental conservation support programme Local communities in the region, and can potentially lead to tangible chang- International agreements
velopment “silos”. These national integration bining these objectives with the sustainable Bolsa Verde in Brazil, which combines con- through their participatory involvement in es towards sustainability at the national National Development Plan
efforts produce tools, optimize trade-offs, and use of natural resources. The Mexican Spe- ditional cash transfer schemes aimed at initiatives such as the the Santa Cruz Green and regional levels. However on the larger
exploit synergies in topics such as national cial Programme for Food Security is one ex- alleviating extreme income poverty with Market social enterprise of Trinidad and To- scale, political leadership and policy com- Sector policies
long-term visions, climate change, or ener- ample of this strategy, which has targeted reducing deforestation in the Amazon re- bago or the Argentinian Eco-Village of Aca- mitments must be ensured along with an
gy. However, in this compilation, several ex- marginalized communities over the past 15 gion. All these initiatives came into being pacha, are finding ways to contribute to inherently longer-term vision. Such commit- Integration
periences were driven by one specific sector years. Safe Hospital, an example from the when one sector, while fulfilling its man- sustainable development by changing their ments were essential for the energy transi- and coherence
that “pulls in” others in order to tackle specif- health sector, provides essential social ser- date, saw the advantage of bringing in oth- production and consumption patterns, and tion in Uruguay, which not only safeguards
ic issues in an integrated manner. These in- vices in the case of disasters. It also pre- er extra-sectoral partners. embracing economic solidarity and collab- the nation’s energy supply and reduces its
clude initiatives that were originally centred serves the public investment in health that These efforts are building bridges be- orative learning. carbon footprint, it also decreases the gov-
in health, forestry, water management, agri- it represents while complementing it with tween silos by engaging others around spe- Local initiatives are particularly valu- ernment’s fiscal burden and contributes to Subnational and local plans
culture, social protection, or energy. environmentally sound chemical, waste, cific challenges and arriving at practical able when they are at the core of multidi- national economic competitiveness.
Examples include agricultural sectors and water management. Another truly no- solutions that contribute to more comprehen- mensional responses to disaster risks and In order to forge a more sustainable Community based solutions
20 21
that foster food security efforts and in- table example can be found in the environ- sive policy development and implementation. climate change threats, which often require development path, all scales of interven-03 04
TRANSFORMING REALITIES KNIT THE NETWORK
SUSTAINABILITY REQUIRES INNOVATION PARTNERSHIPS AS A TOOL FOR COHERENT
AND CULTURAL SHIFTS IMPLEMENTATION AND SCALING UP IMPACT
Sustainable development seeks to trans- with the active involvement of subnational To develop multidimensional responses to Chile, regulations were issued for the indus- ities and concerns in order to ensure sus-
form the nature and patterns of resource use, and municipal level governments, ensured development challenges, a wide range of trial and the transport sectors, but efforts tainability, and generate coherent land use
INNOVATION SHOULD ALSO
thus decoupling economic and social prog- the sustainability of the desalinization sys- stakeholders must be involved in the anal- from the private sector, the local govern- and development priorities.
COME FROM FISCAL TOOLS AND
ress from environmental deterioration. Sci- tems’ management structures. ysis, proposal, and implementation of inte- ment, national authorities, and individual There is no one-size-fits-all approach
FINANCIAL MECHANISMS
ence and technology have an important role However, cultural shifts need medium to grated policies and initiatives. Taking into citizens ensured robust change. to integration. Development objectives
in supporting recycling, waste minimization, long term processes, and they do not always account diverse perspectives in addition to In addition, associative networks are and impacts are specific to different pol-
Local taxation is fundamental to ensuring
material substitution, alternative production require the adoption of outside solutions. In expertise in different fields ensures more proving to be useful tools in the region to icy environments. However, the need for
the sustainability of Quito’s water funds,
processes, pollution control, and more effi- Honduras, the resurrection of the use of an- suitable and balanced sustainable develop- scale up impacts. Recycling cooperatives context-specific assessments at national
while the adoption in Chile of two nation-
cient resource use. However, technological cestral practices was fundamental to re- ment proposals. It also fosters accountability guarantee the recovery, recycling, and re- and local levels further highlights the im-
al green taxes will foster lower carbon
progress alone is not sufficient; the radical ducing soil degradation and strengthening and shared responsibility, which are essen- duction of urban waste while fostering the portant role of stakeholder engagement,
intensity in its economy. Ecological trust
transformation needed to halt and reverse economic, social, and environmental resil- tial to creating the commitment needed to inclusion of social sectors that are tradi- as stakeholders can offer specific and di-
funds are also ensuring the availability of
environmental deterioration cannot be con- ience. Strengthening the organizational ca- achieve outcomes and strengthen implemen- tionally both marginalized and stigmatized. verse understanding of the people’s needs
sustainable funding for ecological protec-
sidered independently of society. pacities of indigenous communities and their tation. Establishing a common culture of joint Also, the mutually supportive association and the likely effects of development strat-
tion and restoration in several countries
The experiences collected for this pub- communal management of natural resources work also has the potential to enhance ca- of small enterprises, foundations and co- egies and policies.
of the region, such as Panama.
lication that have successfully integrated can also generate more sustainable uses of pacities to peaceful conflict resolution, par- operatives were essential to the develop-
The sustainable allocation over the
new technology for sustainable development natural resources for the long-term benefit of ticularly regarding issues related to equitable ment of rural community tourism in Costa
years of national resources to strategic
could not have done so without undertaking the local population. This has been the case resource access and distribution. Rica. This alternative economic model has
initiatives produces meaningful impacts.
a meaningful cultural shift. In Paraguay, the in the work of the National Forestry Indige- The majority of the experiences select- become both an important income genera-
75%
This has been the case of the Strategic
large-scale introduction of agricultural tech- nous Association in Bolivia. In Latin Amer- ed include inter-sectoral and multi-stake- tion alternative for indigenous women and
Programme of Food Security in Mexi-
niques in order to support climate-smart fam- ica and the Caribbean, local communities holder coordinating bodies as a normal part an effective means for preserving the envi-
co. Congress there has been approving
ily agriculture, fight poverty, and halt soil are characterized by having strong knowl- of their integrative approach. The formula- ronment. Municipalities’ associations also
federal budget for it since 2007, making of the
degradation required continuous awareness edge systems embedded in their cultural tion of the National Appropriated Mitiga- play a major role as governance tools. In experiences involved four or five
it part of the public policy on rural de-
raising, technical support, and capacity build- traditions. Traditional knowledge includes tion Action for the Coffee sector in Costa El Salvador, they ensure participatory plan- of the six types of stakeholders
velopment. The same applies to other
ing for small farmers. In Brazil, empowering subsistence technologies, environmental Rica for example, required the involvement ning and joint sustainable land, waste, and analysed. The most common
nationally funded long-term initiatives
communities to manage desalinization plants management, and climate variability adap- of national institutions, the private sector, risk management. They have become ma- associations involve governmental
such as Agua Doce in Brazil. institutions, civil society organizations,
on their own has been crucial to ensuring tation — all of which can ensure broad sup- farmers, technical international cooperation jor development actors at the local level
and the private sector.
22 a stable water supply for 100,000 people in port at the community level for a transition organizations, and civil society. To effective- as they create synergies between different 23
the country´s most arid region. This, along to sustainable development. ly reduce air pollution levels in Santiago de stakeholders, take into account local prior-05 06
THE ROLE MONITORING
OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR COMPREHENSIVE
TO PUSH FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
FROM THE ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
IMPLEMENTATION
BALANCED LONG-TERM DECISIONS REQUIRE DATA
The private sector deserves special mention pilot initiative, “Microfinance for Ecosys- The need for relevant information is critical in several countries in the region to prioritize Data is the key driver of the need for
due to the many different roles it can play in tem-based Adaptation” has provided tech- to making informed decisions with long-term and assess the impact of interventions in the strengthening the dialogue between science
regards to partnerships that foster integrat- nical assistance to promote 5,000 loans for implications. Several of the experiences pre- health sector that mitigate disaster risks with- and policy. Making useful information avail-
ed approaches. For example, the National adaptation to climate change solutions in sented in the publication show interesting ap- in these critical infrastructures. able for decision makers in a timely manner
Livestock Farmers Federation in Colombia, Peru and Colombia. proaches to better using data in the political It should also be noted the availabili- allows them to not only formulate and moni-
in alliance with a scientific centre (CIPAV), Private sector partnerships and contri- decision-making process. Examples include ty of information at the local level to mon- tor policies, but to also strengthen public ac-
is leading a process of adjusting their af- butions have been the keystones for the the Dominican Republic, which introduced the itor and evaluate the impact of policies is countability systems. In addition, the need
filiates’ practices, reaching almost 2,500 region’s water funds as well. In Ecuador, Vulnerability to Climate Hazards Index as a cri- every bit as important as using this data to to construct new types of metrics to moni-
of them, in order to contribute to climate where a broad public-private partnership terion to focus its social policy in recognition ensure that promoted objectives are being tor integrated policy implementation is clear.
change mitigation, increase productivity, works to ensure the supply of water to crit- of the vicious cycle between natural disasters met. Strengthening the air quality monitor- These metrics should allow for monitoring
and enhance the environmental sustain- ical areas, such as the city of Quito in Ec- and poverty-related vulnerability. Also exem- ing system was crucial in Santiago de Chile the balance of progress in all three dimen-
ability of an economically critical sector. uador, while benefiting local communities plifying the innovative use of data is the meth- to identifying the main sources of pollution, sions of sustainable development and allow
In the case of the financial sector, in- that protect headwater zones, the private © Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Minería, Uruguay. odology to calculating Ecological River Flow and to ensuring that policies were on track. for adjustments if necessary. They should
creasing access to banking services for mar- sector’s participation in kick starting the ba- Rates that serve as the basis to identify, pri- The Local Economic Development Informa- therefore be related to the implementation
ginalized populations has been the basis to sic fiduciary mechanism has been crucial. oritize, and map a network of water reserves tion System allows monitoring key indica- processes, tools, and milestones themselves.
establishing a public-private partnership in As the transition to more sustainable in Mexico — reserves that are intended to tors (on local economy and the management
25%
Colombia (BanCO2) that directly compen- development paths takes place, the align- able consumption and production patterns ensure the sustainability of the water supply of waste, risks and the environment) for the
sates communities for the protection of ment of all development stakeholders’ that ensure well-being without resulting in in the country. In the Eastern Caribbean, Carib- municipalities of the Nonualcos region since
forests through contributions from 77 en- actions, funding and efforts to this new par- scarcity and environmental degradation. Node, an online information system, allows 2010. “Bolsa Verde” in Brazil also depends
terprises. The availability of new financial adigm is fundamental. Development assis- The role of the private sector is not only easy access to data that inform management on local-level data to monitor forest cover- of the
products and services in microfinance insti- tance aid and domestic resources are vital, fundamental as a main driver of invest- decisions concerning local marine resources age with a Geographic Information System to experiences have developed and
tutions also supports alternative livelihoods but private enterprises and individual citi- ment, but also as part of public-private and and the wellbeing of coastal communities. Fi- ensure families preserve it and deserve the applied a new assessment tool.
24 25
for marginalized Andean communities. The zens should actively pursue more sustain- multi-stakeholder efforts. nally, the Hospital Safety Index is being used compensations provided by the programme.SDGs SDGs SDGs SDGs
SUSTAINABLE SDGs SDGs SDGs SDGs
DEVELOPMENT
IN PRACTICE
SDGs SDGs SDGs SDGs
THE EXPERIENCES
SDGs SDGs SDGs SDGs
SDGs
26 27THE BARBADOS THE BOARDWALK HAS RESULTED IN…
An increase in beach volume by
BOARDWALK 26,000
Which amounts to an increase
in average beach width of
m3
A BOON TO CONSERVATION,
RECREATION AND TOURISM
approach to an engineering problem by including
significant landscaping of the beachfront.
ENGINEERING INNOVATION
20 m.
Business in the areas benefitted by
Engineering solutions to adapt to climate change that create the projects indicated a significant
popular civic spaces to enjoy while protecting sea turtles. The prominent feature of the project is a 1.2 km increase in monthly revenue.
long boardwalk. However, the works comprised the
construction of coastal engineering structures, re-
vetments, headlands and coastline infrastructure © Coastal Zone Management
Small island developing states (SIDS) coastlines intended to halt erosion and stabilise a damaged line enjoy improved property values. Hotels and Unit, Government of Barbados.
Location and coastal ecosystems are severely affected by and eroding coastal area. Nevertheless, the “Richie other tourism facilities now possess an improved
Barbados sea-level rises and unsustainable coastal man- Haynes Boardwalk” is set apart by the way in which, product to offer to nationals and tourists.
agement practices. The island of Barbados is not instead of adopting remediation only by way of an As for today, the project has won the support
exempt to these challenges which result in dam- engineering solution, a recreational component was of and is popular amongst nationals, with hun-
age to headlands, the near shore, coastal and introduced. The design of the project ultimately creat- dreds of people using the boardwalk every day. Its
marine habitats and the livelihoods of fisher folk. ed a beautiful shoreline, the seascape improved and wide appeal, usefulness and benefits to govern-
Moreover, the beaches, an important part of the safe beach access has been ensured for all citizens. ment, business and society, along with its effec-
national tourism product of Barbados, are also be- The project also achieves another goal as it tiveness in stabilising the coastline has resulted
ing affected putting at risk the country’s second was combined with the restoration of coastal habi- in it being widely used and accepted and has a
largest earner of revenue and foreign exchange. tats to protect marine biodiversity, flora and fauna. high sense of national buy-in and ownership. The
9.1 13.1
In 2007, the Government of Barbados sought For example, the beaches along this coast are used model of the boardwalk as part of the wider engi-
loan financing from the Interamerican Devel- by turtles for nesting but certain types of artificial neering design for coastline stabilisation has al-
opment Bank (IDB) for a Coastal Infrastructure light can confuse turtle hatchlings in their way to ready been replicated on the island’s West coast.
Programme with the aim to “establish a cost-ef- the ocean. Project designers took this into consid- The boardwalk in Barbados gives the bonus
Scale fective approach to coastal risk management and eration, and, as a result, this area of coastline has of sustainability, the opportunity for health and
Local.
climate change adaptation”. This initiative, ex- become an improved turtle nesting site. well being, resilient infrastructure, protection of
Stakeholders
Government, international ecuted through the national Coastal Zone Man- ecosystems and marine habitats, while simulta-
cooperation. agement Unit (CZMU), included a component BENEFITS neously providing remediation of climate change
Unique factor
Culture, technology.
targeting a mile long stretch of coastline on the damage on the ecosystems of the island’s south
11.7 14.2 14.7
28 south of the island. The CZMU made a design de- The economic benefits of this project are multiple. coast and protection of the resources on which 29
cision that has proven to be a unique, innovative Individual property owners on the affected coast- national economic gains are based.You can also read
