Swedish Pig Production - Nils Lundeheim Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
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Swedish Pig Production
Nils Lundeheim
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Swedish pig production, history Pig production grew around 1900 to take care of waste from dairy plants (skim milk and whey). The trend today is a decreasing number of herds with pig production. However, larger herds.
Swedish pig production, structure 50 kg (1980: 278,000) ~ 1 520,000 pigs ’at census’ [1980: 2 700,000 pigs] How to convert to production per year ? ~ 1,700 herds with pigs; [1980: 26,000 herds] ~ 1,000 herds with sows; [1980: 19,000 herds] Pig production mainly in the south of Sweden Combined – specialised production (65%-35%) ~25% of all Swedish sows are kept in sow pool systems
Production structure (cont.) Play with the figures………. Much of the international statistics on animal production gives the number of animals at a certain time (= at census) ~ 154,000 sows >50 kg ~ 1 520,000 pigs ’at census’ How to convert to production per year ? 1520,000 pigs includes: sows+boars+piglets+fatteners….. You have to include some basic facts on this: Litter size, average age at slaughter, number of litters per sow and year,….. 1 520,000=sows+sows*10, gives number of sows= 138 000
Play with figures, once again…….. Two herd owners are disputing who has the best growth rate in their herds. Farmer A: 300 g/day between birth and 10 kg, and 800 g/day between 10 kg and 120 kg. Farmer B: 400 g/day between birth and 30 kg, and 900 g/day between 30 kg and 120 kg. Which of the farms has fastest growth between birth and 120 kg live weight?
Swedish pig production Three commercial groups Farmers ”cooperative” (Scan; 65%) Private slaughter companies (18%) Danish Crown (17%), KLS + Ugglarp Farmer’s are payed according to carcass grading (=meatiness) and carcass weight ~ 13.50 / kg carcass [~ 87 kg; live weight ~ 120 kg] KRAV (organic): ~ +10.00 / kg carcass Piglets: ~ 500:- / 30 kg Pregnant sow: ~3800:- Check price level: http://sls.scan.se/notering/
Swedish pig production Swedish Concept (=high level of animal welfare) Restricted use of antibiotics 95% AI (artificial insemination; 3 AI-stations) ’All’ sows are crossbred Landrace*Yorkshire 80% of the pork consumed is produced in Sweden. (37 kg ’carcass’ / person and year) Import mainly from Denmark
Animal Welfare (The Swedish Model) Minimum restraining of sows No sows in stalls Dry sows are mainly group housed on deep straw bedding No growth promoters are allowed Batchwise production, to break infection paths Antibiotics only on veterinary prescription Castration is still allowed (1st week)
Swedish pig breeding • Nordic Genetics, a daughter company of HKScan (partly owned by Sveriges Djurbönder) and Finnpig OY, is a breeding organisation, and continues (?) the national pig breeding in Sweden • Avelspoolen (owned by the private slaughter plants) buy their genetic material from Norsvin in Norway • Until the beginning of the 1990-ies, we had national pig breeding activities in Sweden, with some governmental support • Last year: a breeding cooperation between Sweden, Finland and Norway, [Nordic Genetics – Norsvin] No more • Swedish Yorkshire; Norwegian Landrace; Swedish Hampshire; Norwegian Duroc
Pig breeding structure Nucleus herds Multiplier herds Piglet producing herds Fattening herds Gene flow downwards Nucleus herds are closed (except AI inflow)
Why crossbreeding ? Heterosis, hybrid vigour….. Positive influence mainly on vitality traits (low heritability). E.G. litter size, growth rate, feed efficience, but not carcass composition (high heritability).
Crossbreeding (3) Note: The size of the crossbreeding effect varies between which breeds that are crossed. Swedish results (L and Y) Single cross: +0.3 piglets weaned / litter Back-cross: +0.5 piglets weaned / litter Criss-cross: +0.4 piglets weaned / litter Growth rate: ~ +3%
How much time does it take to produce a pig in Sweden ? 15 hours / sow and year 12 minutes / fattening pig (25 -115 kg) Cleaning and providing straw: 30% of the time
Regulations Land for spreading of manure Animal welfare regulations (space etc.) Meat inspection Preventive animal health: Swedish Animal Health Service No governmental subsidies to pig production -except from some regional support (northern regions).
Subsidies: ”Nationellt stöd” For the northern 60% of Sweden: Max. 1093 / sow and year; 229:- per produced fattening pig.
Need of land: 2.2 sows (incl. piglets until 25kg) / ha 10.5 places for fattening pigs / ha Own land, or ’manure contract’
Health problems, recorded at slaughter • Abscess (1-2%) • Arthritis (0.5-1.5%) • Non infectious arthritis (0.8%) • Damaged tails (0.5-5%) • Pneumonia (Mycoplasma, 2-10%) • Pneumonia (App., 1%) • Pleuritis (10%) • White spots in liver (Ascariasis) (5%)
Global pig production (Jordbruksstatistisk årsbok 2011)
Pork meat production
No. pigs millions (106) millions (106) kg
Sweden 1.5 Sweden 261
Denmark 12.4 Denmark 1 585
France 14.8 France 2 004
Netherlands 12.1 Netherlands 1 275
Spain 26.3 Spain 3 291
Germany 26.9 Germany 5 277
USA 67.1 USA 10 442
Canada 12.4 Canada -
Brazil 37.0 Brazil 2 924
China 451.2 China 49 879
Total 941.2 Total 106 069Large variation between different countries… Exportation of piglets across borders Exportation of slaughter pigs across borders Variation in weight at slaughter Castration or not castration Use of antibiotics Need for land to spread manure
Film-links: http://www.filmarkivet.se/sv/Film/?movieid=87&returnurl=http://www.filmarkiv et.se/sv/Sok/?q%3dgris%26categoryid%3d13 www.voxtorpsgarden.se http://www.svensktkott.se/uppfodning/gris/ http://www.svenskapig.se/publikationer/trycksaker/hullbedomning-av-suggor
Dry sows on deep litter bedding
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Hampshire-galt Peat bedding in farrowing pen
Hampshire-galt
Linderödsgrisar
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