Tecnologie ICT e Robotiche per l'autonomia delle persone anziane e per il supporto al caregiver - Ansdipp
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Tecnologie ICT e Robotiche per l’autonomia delle
persone anziane e per il supporto al caregiver
Filippo Cavallo
Assistant Professor
The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna
Head of the Assistive Robotics Laboratory
filippo.cavallo@santannapisa.itAssistive Robotics Laboratory
Advanced ICT Robotics for better Quality of Life (active and healthy ageing,
neurodegenerative and chronic diseases, co-working, home consumer)
• To promote and evaluate novel service robotics for active and
healthy ageing in order to foster independent living
• To identify and validate disruptive healthcare paradigms for
neurodegenerative and chronic diseases, focusing on prevention
and support for physical and cognitive declines
• To optimize the management of working life for improving efficiency,
security and QoL of workers in industrial settings.Assistive Robotics Laboratory
Advanced ICT Robotics for better Quality of Life (active and healthy ageing,
neurodegenerative and chronic diseases, co-working, home consumer)
- Large experimental sites in assisted
living (150+ elderly, 200+ stakeholders)
- Clinical validation for early diagnosis
and therapies in Parkinson (800+
subjects)
- Cognitive Frailty studies and adaptive
coaching support (30+ subjects and
MCI)Questions!
• Are ICT and Robotics a reasonable solution for future
caring scenarios?
• What kind of integration is required to achieve technically
feasible and human centred acceptable solutions?
• Are these scenarios sustainable for the society, by an
economic, social and ethical point of view?
• Do we have already concrete solutions and / or best
practices?Peter Wintlev-Jensen
Demographic Ageing: Deputy Head of Unit
European Commission
DG CONNECT H2
societal needs and opportunities
Social Necessity Major Opportunity
Dependency Ratio Empowerment
•From 1:4 to 1:2 • Active Ageing
•80+ doubles by 2025
Cost of Care New Care Models
•Up by 4-8 % of GDP by 2025 •Integrated care
•Large Efficiency gains
Human Resources Growth and Markets
•Shrinking work force •3000 B€ Wealth
•Lacking 20 million carers by 2020 •85 Million Consumers and
growing
••• 5Demographic dependency ratio
• In 2060 one potential carer (i.e. a person aged 45-64) is expected for 51
persons of 80 years old or more. This hints at the potential gap between
supply and demand of care
• The decrease of working-age population will lead to an increase in the
demand for nurse practitioners (+94% in 2025) and physicians assistants
(+72% in 2025), as well as an increased need for a higher level of care and for
future assistance.Some numbers in Italy * Average cost for one day in hospital: 700-800€ per person; 1 old person out of 6 in Italy is not self-sufficient; 1 old person out of 3 in Italy has suffer from a chronic disease; In Italy Il sistema sanitario nazionale risponde bene a problemi sanitari acuti, ma non all’assistenza in generale; Every 100 young people, threre are 161 elderly 65+; 900.000 «badanti» in Italy (up to 1800€/month); 11M Italians have used private insurance for future assistance; Available beds in residential or semi-residential facilities are 233.000 in Italy (1/3 of France and ¼ of Germany); 760.000 elderly people out of potential 2.7M are using social and health services; In 2035, more than 100.000 additional caregivers and operators are required; Differences between North and Sud, 10:1. * Marcella Cocchi, da La Nazione del 31/03/2017
Service Areas Prevention Compensation and Support Independent and Active Ageing
Robot-Era at a glance
Services provided by a set of autonomous and well orchestrated mobile robots
integrated in smart environments : outdoor, condominium and domestic (3D
service robotics)
• Duration 2012 - 2015
• Total Project Cost: € 8.700.000
The Robot-Era Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement num. 288899 - WWW.ROBOT-ERA.EU 7 robots developed 1 innovative method
for indoor andRobot-Era
urban Numberfor acceptability
environments 1 day for setting a
6/7 the average robot (almost
Technology plug&play)
Readiness Level 3 real use-cases
2 Living labs in Italy
and Sweden
200+ stakeholders
in co-design phases
155 users tested the
robots
Robot-Era in
numbersThe Robot-Era Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement num. 288899 - WWW.ROBOT-ERA.EUAnalysis of end-users needs and
service definition
Robot-Era Services Definition
Communication
Indoor escort at night
Reminding
Outdoor walking support
Laundry support
Drug and shopping delivery
Garbage collection
Food delivery
Objects transportation
The Robot-Era Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement num. 288899 - WWW.ROBOT-ERA.EURobot-Era innovation
Services provided by a set of autonomous and well orchestrated mobile robots
integrated in smart environments : outdoor, condominium and domestic (3D
service robotics)
• Di Nuovo, A., Broz, F., Cavallo, F., & Dario, P. (2016). New Frontiers of Service Robotics for Active and Healthy Ageing.
International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(3), 353-354.
• Moschetti, A., Fiorini, L., Esposito, D., Dario, P., & Cavallo, F. (2016). Recognition of daily gestures with wearable inertial rings
and bracelets. Sensors, 16(8), 1341.
• Fiorini, L., Esposito, R., Bonaccorsi, M., Petrazzuolo, C., Saponara, F., Giannantonio, R., De Petris, G., Dario, P. & Cavallo, F.
(2016). Enabling personalised medical support for chronic disease management through a hybrid robot-cloud approach.
Autonomous Robots, 1-14.
• Cavallo, F., Limosani, R., Manzi, A., Bonaccorsi, M., Esposito, R., Di Rocco, M., ... & Dario, P. (2014). Development of a socially
believable multi-robot solution from town to home. Cognitive Computation, 6(4), 954-967.
The Robot-Era Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement num. 288899 - WWW.ROBOT-ERA.EURobotic patients lift and transfer
• Manual handling is the highest accident trigger reported to the Health and
Safety Authority (HSA) by the healthcare sector [1];
• The most common cause of reported incidents was lifting or carrying (41%
of reported incidents in 2010);
• 1 in every 3 nurses becomes injured from the physical exertion put forth
while moving non-ambulatory patients, costing their employers $35,000 per
injured nurse;
• Over the coming years, the declining ratio of working age adults to elderly
will further exacerbate the shortage;
[1] Analysis of the causes and costs of Manual Handling Incidents in the Health Care sector, Irish Health and
Safety authority 2007.
[2] Roger Bostelman, James Albu, “Robotic Patient Lift and Transfer”, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, USATechnical Solutions • Ergonomics • Service robotics with physical interaction abilities
Agile Co-Creation of Robots for
Ageing
MISSION:
◆Advanced ICT Robotics based solutions for ageing
◆Agile co-creation development process
◆Interoperability and flexibility of platform
EU Partners:
1. TRIALOG (France)
2. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna (Italy)
3. Erasmus University Rotterdam
(The Netherlands)
4. Paris Dauphine (France)
5. Bluefrog robotics (France)
6. Fondazione Casa Sollievo della - Horizon 2020 SC1-PM-14-2016 (2M€)
Sofferenza (Italy) - EU-Japan cooperation on Novel ICT
Robotics based solutions for active
JP Partners:
1. Kyoto University and healthy ageing at home or in care
2. Kobe University facilities)
3. Connect Dot Ltd - Horizon 2020 and NICT.
▶15Robot Companion Evolution in
Walking Support
2012 2015 2018
•Active Walking •Handle pressure
Support / force sensors
•Passive Walking for HRI
Support •Handle buttons
Astro Roboti-Era for HRI ACCRA •HR Shared
•Gentle Spring control
based actuation •Obstacle
avoidance for •Human walk
safety analysis
▶16Telecare and telemonitoring
• The Scottish Telehealth and Telecare Delivery Plan (STTDP) [Edimburg, 2012]
generated savings for about € 113 million in the period 2006-2010, offering for
example decision support using video conferencing and the remote monitoring of
data from alarm/telecare services using call-center.
• The US Veterans Health Administration [Darknis, A., 2013], claimed savings for up
to 1999$ per patients using telehealth instead of the traditional care paradigm.
• Results indicated that elderly persons who perceived telecare as useful in solving
health problems, had the intention to use the program, and were willing to continue
use, also had a better perception toward quality of life regarding their interpersonal
relationships and living environment [Chou, 2013].Domestic Robot (DORO)
Validated in realistic
environment
Dimensions (W x L x H) 610 x 735 x 1550 mm
Weight about 65 kg
Actuation differential with two high torque EC gear-motors
Speed Typical: 0.8m/s, - Max: 1.4 m/s
Localization AMCL algorithm based on laser data
Obstacle detection SickS 300 - Hokuyo URG-04LX Laser sensors.
Obstacle detection up to 30 m on the front – up to 4 m on the back
Power 24 VDC
Batteries 24 V lithium batteries with 60 Amp-hrs
Battery runtime about 16h, Recharging time: about 6 hours
Safety One emergency button, bumper around the base
Arm payload 1.5 kg
Arm max velocity 20cm/s
Arm range 90cm
Removable Tablet 10.1 tablet, Apple iPad
Software Cognidrive and ROS based. Autonomous navigation with obstacle avoidance provided with common
interfaces of the ROS navigation stack.
The Robot-Era Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement num. 288899 - WWW.ROBOT-ERA.EUCondominium Robot (CORO)
validated in realistic
environment
Dimensions (W x L x H) 610 x 735 x 1550 mm
Weight about 65 kg
Actuation differential with two high torque EC gear-motors
Speed Typical: 0.8m/s, - Max: 1.4 m/s
Localization AMCL algorithm based on laser data
Obstacle detection SickS 300 - Hokuyo URG-04LX Laser sensors.
Obstacle detection up to 30 m on the front – up to 4 m on the back
Power 24 VDC
Batteries 24 V lithium batteries with 60 Amp-hrs
Battery runtime About 16h, Recharging time: about 6 hours
99Safety One emergency button. Bumper around the base.
Roller dimension (W x L) 345 x 345 mm
Removable Tablet 7” tablet, Nexus 7 9
Software Cognidrive and ROS based. Autonomous navigation with obstacle avoidance provided with common
interfaces of the ROS navigation stack.
The Robot-Era Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement num. 288899 - WWW.ROBOT-ERA.EUOutdoor Robot (ORO)
Dimensions (W x L x H) 75 x 100 x 145 cm
Weight about 150 kg
Actuation 2 Swissdrive 400 T hub motor by Micro-Motor AG, 24 VDC, 400W
Speed Typical: 3 km/h, 0.83 m/s - Max: 4.5 Km/h 1.25 m/s
Maximum slope 20%
Localization Novatel FLEX6-D2L-R0G-TTR (GPS) plus FLEX6-D2S-Z00-00N
(Align unit)
Localization accuracy Position < 3 cm, Heading < 0.1° (NTRIP provided and enough visible
satellites) system complete
Obstacle detection Hokuyo UTM-30LX Laser and US/IR sensors and qualified
Obstacle detection 0.1 – 30m
Power 24 VDC
Batteries Lead-acid gel batteries 2 x 12V 100Ah
Battery runtime About 10h, Recharging time: about 6 hours
Safety Two emergency button. Braking distance: 1m at 1.25 m/s
Container dimension (W x L x H) 450 x 350 x 400 mm standard container, 450 x 350 x 300
roller container
Container Payload 15 Kg
Touch Screen 12” touch screen, 800 x 600 pixel
Software ROS based. Autonomous navigation with obstacle avoidance
provided with common interfaces of the ROS navigation stack.
Navigation accuracy Position < 40 cm, Heading < 5°
The Robot-Era Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement num. 288899 - WWW.ROBOT-ERA.EUThe Robot-Era Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement num. 288899 - WWW.ROBOT-ERA.EU
Home Sensors
Door/Window
Sensors
Force Sensors
Gas/Water
Leak
Temperature/
Light/Humidit
y
Smart Plug
GatwaySMART CAREGIVER SYSTEM
L’azienda (Petaluma, California) propone una serie di sensori per il monitoraggio degli anziani in case private ed
all’interno di strutture sanitarie. Il sistema proposto comprende sensori per il rilevamento di persone su letti, sedie
o aree specifiche di un ambiente (tappetini sensorizzati e sensori di presenza), sistemi per il monitoraggio degli
accessi con tecnologia RFID e sistemi di gestione degli allarmi. i materassini o tappetini sensorizzati hanno un costo
variabile a seconda della dimensone, tra 38$ e 95$. Gli allarmi individuali per familiari o operatori socio-sanitari, in
grado di segnalare l’alzata dal letto/sedia hanno un costo tra i 25$ (solo allarme acustico) e i 49$ (allarme
acustico+visivo). Le stazioni di monitoraggio per strutture sanitarie sono in grado di gestire contemporaneamente
centinaia di sensori ed il loro costo varia a seconda del numero di dispositivi collegati tra 63$ e 1200$.TUNSTALL SUITE
Il sistema di teleassistenza prevede diversi sensori posizionati all’interno dell’abitazione,
collegati a un’unità centrale ad uso domestico oppure un sistema di teleassistenza Tunstall
abilitato e monitorato 24/24 ore, 365 giorni all’anno da una centrale di ascolto, in grado di
garantire la gestione di una emergenza. I dispositivi tunstall includono sensori di:EMPATICA E4 (EMPATICA)
Empatica ha sviluppato un prodotto composto da un bracciale indossabile sul
polso e un’applicazione per smartphone integrata in un sistema di cloud
computing. Il device misura vari parametri fisiologici e li interpreta per ricavarne
gli stati emotivi dell’utente. L’applicazione per smartphone si presenta come un
assistente personale del proprio benessere, fornendo consigli utili al
miglioramento personaleAcceptability assessment
Quantitative Data Qualitative Data
Emotion
Emotional status mostly neutral (95%) , and only
positive emotion (5%) have been experienced during
the interaction, never negative
The interaction, even when some technical
issues occurred, it was never perceived as
annoying or frustrating
Gaze
Good percentage of directed gaze (52%)
Engagement and interest toward the robot
Facial expressions and Body gestures
Facial expressions and body gestures served also to
Scenario1 accepted by 47 users on 50 increase the communicative strength of messages to
Scenario2 accepted by 26 users on 30 the robot (smile: 3,6%; laugh: 1,5%; nodding: 1,2%;
shaking head: 0,2%)
Scenario1 accepted by 17 users on 20 Good degree of engagement during the
interaction
Interaction with the robot
Low degree of no interaction (2,7%)
Toward innovative standards to measure the acceptability of Robots,
based on user-oriented constructs
The Robot-Era Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement num. 288899 - WWW.ROBOT-ERA.EUSystem Usability Scale (SUS)
Over75 more than Under 75 (pPreparing the Future of Robotics in
Europe with Citizens, Regulatory
Agencies and Lawmakers
The EU RoboLaw Project
The RoboLaw Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 289092
WWW.ROBOLAW.EU
Project main goal
To elaborate “Guidelines for Regulating
Robotics", containing recommendations
for the European Commission, in order to
establish a solid framework of ‘robolaw’
in Europe
Bertolini, A., Salvini, P., Pagliai, T., Morachioli, A., Acerbi, G., Trieste, L., Cavallo, F., … & Dario, P. (2016). On
Robots and Insurance (vol 8, pg 381, 2016). International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(5), 763-763.Robot-Era Video
Pepper robot
Robots and Jobs
• Studies are showing the big impact of this revolution (also jointly
with Industry 4.0);
• Surely, some jobs will be replaced, mainly those more
repetitive, risky, boring, etc.;
• The technology evolution is moving, difficult to be stopped;
• Societal projections seem to clearly ask for robots;
• Some studies also demonstrate that technology could increase
jobs.• Results show that RRTC has on net led to positive labor demand effects
across 27 European countries over 1999-2010, indicating that labor is
racing with the machine;
• This is not due to limited scope for human-machine substitution, but
rather because sizable substitution effects have been
overcompensated by product demand and its associated
spillovers.Conclusions 1. ICT and Robotics are a great opportunity to innovate the healthcare sector and to face the most important challenges at different levels: societal, technological, etc.; 2. Stakeholders’ involvement is fundamental to appropriately shape the new service robotics solutions for healthcare; 3. Elderly people have a good perception of technologies, important is usability and utility; 4. Technology in medicine has already demonstrated important benefits, why not for care?; 5. Regulations and re-organizaton of work is important, but it should be performed at societal level; 6. “Robots are going to steal some jobs”, But we have to shape our best society.
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