VON SOLAR-DIESEL-HYBRIDSYSTEMEN ZU NETZDIENSTLEISTUNGEN IM VERBUNDNETZ
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VON SOLAR-DIESEL-HYBRIDSYSTEMEN ZU NETZDIENSTLEISTUNGEN IM VERBUNDNETZ Solar-Diesel- Netzdienstleistungen in großen Hybridsysteme Verbundnetzen Ausblick 100% EE (Beispiel St. Eustatius) (Beispiel Speicher für Regelleistung) Entwicklung und Validierung der Systemsteuerung (Entwicklungsprozess und Testumfeld) 30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle SMA Solar Technology AG
ÜBER SMA UND MICH Christian Höhle Produktmanager und Projektleiter, SMA Fuel Save Solution Bei Fragen, gerne Fragen Email: Christian.Hoehle@sma.de SMA Solar Technology AG > SMA entwickelt und produziert Solarwechselrichter > Wir bringen Erneuerbare Energien in die entlegensten Winkel der Welt! > Wir sorgen mit unserer Systemtechnik für stabilen Netzbetrieb – in kleinen Inselnetzen wie auch in großen Verbundnetzen > Wir sorgen dafür, dass auch100% Erneuerbare Energien im Stromnetz kein Problem werden 30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle SMA Solar Technology AG
VON SOLAR-DIESEL-HYBRIDSYSTEMEN ZU NETZDIENSTLEISTUNGEN IM VERBUNDNETZ Solar-Diesel- Netzdienstleistungen in großen Hybridsysteme Verbundnetzen Ausblick 100% EE (Beispiel St. Eustatius) (Beispiel Speicher für Regelleistung) Entwicklung und Validierung der Systemsteuerung (Entwicklungsprozess und Testumfeld) 30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle SMA Solar Technology AG
SMA FUEL SAVE SOLUTION Providing energy to the most remote places in the world 30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle SMA Solar Technology AG
LEUCHTTURMPROJEKT SINT EUSTATIUS Karibik Niederländische Antillen 30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle SMA Solar Technology AG
LARGE SCALE PV DIESEL STORAGE HYBRID SYSTEM DIESEL OFF-MODE, GRID FORMING SCS, ST. EUSTATIUS Today, solar energy covers 46% of St. Eustatius’ total electricity need. Grid Forming SCS 2200 inverters allow to operate the island grid for 10.5 hours in Diesel Off-Mode operation with 100% Solar Power Fraction. In total a 5.9MWh Li-Ion storage facility has been integrated for energy shifting and grid services. Thanks to the SMA Fuel Solution about 4,560 tons CO2 per year can be saved. The project has been designed, and implemented by the SMA Sunbelt Energy GmbH. Project “St. Eustatius Phase 1+2” Plant information System Technology • Location: St. Eustatius, Caribbean • Installed PV power: 4.15 MWp • Battery: 2x SCS 2200 Grid Forming • Commissioning: November 2017 • Installed Storage capacity: 5.9 MWh 1x SCS 1000 • Requirements: Grid Forming Inverter, overall • Diesel capacity: 4 MVA • PV: 2x SC CP XT1000 power and energy management • Annual energy yield: 6,400 MWh 74x SMA Sunny Tripower 25000TL-30 system • Annual diesel savings: > 1,700,000 liters • Control: Fuel Save Controller 2.0 • Island Load: ~2MW SMA system solutions for hybrid applications 6
CHALLENGES COMPARED TO A LARGE UTILITY GRID > Generators often fail Lot of moving parts. Generators often fail and when failing usually cause massive load shedding or blackout > Few fossil generation units cover high shares of load Dropout of one unit usually means 50% to 100% loss of production (depending on time of day) > Solar production on a compact area with high wind speeds Clouds often reduce PV production by 80% within seconds > Large load shedding on grid disturbances up to 50% in case of frequency deviation > Grown electrical infrastructure not built for 100% renewable power Solar and storage have to integrate seamlessly into existing electricity grid > Hurricanes likely > Space Limited > Customer and operating personnel in doubt about performance and interoperability Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle 7
TECHNICAL OVERVIEW GRID FORMING BATTERY INVERTERS FSC 2.0 Day operation without Diesel Generators (Diesel-Off-Mode) Full redundancy for generator operation (large UPS in Diesel-On-Mode) Voltage source Phase 2b Frequency regulation Commissioning Spinning Reserve Provision 15.11.2017 Li-Ion Storage 2,6MWh, C0,5 SCS 2200, MVPS 2000 Synchronisation Diesel On-Mode Diesel Off-Mode Li-Ion Storage 2,6MWh, C0,5 SCS 2200, MVPS 2000 St. Eustatius II Phase 1 Estimated fuel savings 1 728 000 liters/a Commissioned Samsung, 571kWh, 2.5C 1 x SC Storage 1000 24.03.2016 Solar Energy Produced 6.4 GWh /a (net) DC CO2 savings 4,561 to CO²/a AC 1,89 MWp PV modules 74 Sunny Tripower 25000 Communication Used PV energy 6 494 547 kWh Phase 2a Solar energy fraction 46% Commissioned 23.05.2017 2,25 MWp PV 2x Sunny Central 1000; 1x MVPS 2000 , 2MVA 8
TYPICAL LAYOUT OF A SOLAR DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEM Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle 9
SMART HYBRID PLANT CONTROL > Reverse Power Protection Prevents energy flow into the genset > Minimum Genset Load Ensures that the gensets‘ minimum load is not undercut. > Reactive Power Control Controls reactive power of battery and inverters to reach a configurable power factor at the gensets > Ramp Management Allows to configure the slope of the ramps that may occur during operation > Feedin Protection Prevents from feeding too much energy into the grid. Also Zero Export can be realized with this function > Inverter Management Automatically disconnects solar inverters if share of solar inverter power to genset power gets too high Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle 10
SMART BATTERY STORAGE OPERATION Avoided start of 2nd genset Energy Shifting: discharge at end of day PV Ramp smoothing Energy Shifting: Maximal PV under min. nominal genset load charge storage of curtailed PV power Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle 11
FUEL SAVE CONTROLLER „DIESEL OFF MODE“ DAYTIME WITHOUT DIESEL PV on sunrise begins Genset at minimum load. Battery energy sufficient for some minutes of Solar output drops - battery Battery depleted Automatic reducing fuel consumption Battery begins to charge genset-off Automatic transition to genset-off covers missing energy transition to genset-on Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle 12
FUEL SAVE CONTROLLER „DIESEL OFF MODE“ COMPLEX FUNCTIONS MADE EASY > Automatic handling of transitions between genset-on and genset-off > Smooth transitions without large power or frequency spikes Genset unloading Genset shutdown Genset-On Genset-Off Genset start Genset start preparation 06.06.2018 13
FUEL SAVE CONTROLLER „DIESEL OFF MODE“ COMPLEX FUNCTIONS MADE EASY > Easy to operate > Comprehensive information in overview and detail page > Transparend display of system conditions that allow or prevent from switching off gensets 06.06.2018 14
TWO STAGE CONTROL > Superior Energy Flow Control by Communication > High speed reaction to grid events via droop characteristics of solar and battery inverters Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle 15
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ON CLOUDY DAYS Phase 1: Active power and frequency on 11.04.2016 Phase 2: Active power and frequency on 14.04.2018 16
FREQUENCY STABILITY IN DIESEL OFF MODE Frequency bandwith of 0,013Hz 60.005 Hz 60.992 Hz Recording on 31.10.2017 from 11.00 am to 12.05pm during step load tests 06.06.2018 17
VOLTAGE STABILITY IN DIESEL OFF-MODE WITH 1MW STEP LOAD TESTS (50% LOAD SHEDDING) The voltage stays between 12.43kV and 12.37 kV Voltage Fluctuation of 0.4% Recording on 31.10.2017 from 11.00 am to 12.05pm during step load tests 06.06.2018 1. The regular load is around 2MW in St. Eustatius. 18
TEST: 3 PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT (30A) RESULT: CLEARANCE IN 120MS Drop to 58.2 Hz for about 100ms (according to Droop-Settings at nominal power) recovered to 60Hz within 500ms. 19
OUTCOMES OF ADDING SOLAR + STORAGE > Easy to operate Once configured operates autonomously > 1.7 Million Liter Diesel savings per year (46% of previous annual consumption) Payback in 6 to 10 years depending on oil price development > Improved grid stability > Improved resilience against component failure every single component may fail without grid going to blackout (even system controller itself) > Reduction of dependency on fuel costs > Reduced diesel genset maintenance > Silence! for those who want to know what I‘m talking about: https://youtu.be/yjymFY09jE0 Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle 20
ST. EUSTATIUS IN THE WEB YouTube Long version https://youtu.be/xBM7Rdz5ajA YouTube Short version: https://youtu.be/vP8ljKZnoO8 PM https://www.sma.de/en/newsroom/current-news/news-details/news/2876-system-solution-from-sma-provides- caribbean-island-with-100-solar-power-supply.html Blog https://en.sma-sunny.com/en/st-eustatius-100-solar-power-in-the-caribbean/ 06.06.2018 21
VON SOLAR-DIESEL-HYBRIDSYSTEMEN ZU NETZDIENSTLEISTUNGEN IM VERBUNDNETZ Solar-Diesel- Netzdienstleistungen in großen Hybridsysteme Verbundnetzen Ausblick 100% EE (Beispiel St. Eustatius) (Beispiel Speicher für Regelleistung) Entwicklung und Validierung der Systemsteuerung (Entwicklungsprozess und Testumfeld) 30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle SMA Solar Technology AG
SMA LARGE SCALE STORAGE SOLUTION Providing grid stability to large utility grids 30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle SMA Solar Technology AG
ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY > Share of renewable energy rising Times with 100% (and more) renewable energy compared to load become more frequent > Renewables have to provide ancillary services to replace fossil and nuclear power plants Primärregelleistung 06.06.2018 24
Business Case Large Scale Storage: Multi-Application Sample Plant in the UK ROI < 3 years 1. Grid services - 2. Arbitrage trading - Firm Frequency Revenue stream Response1 (FFR) to depending on low stabilize the grid electricity prices2 3. Deferral - 4. Balancing - Providing capacity3 Providing capacity to avoid grid to shave extreme extension peaks (“Triads”)4 50 MW large scale Storage Plant, UK The business case large scale storage will be accelerated by the decentralization of the enrgy sector. 1. Out of FFR, yearly revenues of 6 Mio GBP will be achieved at an availability of 92 % 2. In 2017, energy spot market price variability in the UK varied between -100 GBP/MWh and 3000 GBP/MWh 3. Capacity is generating revenues of > 1 Mio GBP, contracted for 15 years 25 4. Triads: Covering three days of higher mismatch of load and generation in UK in winter provide yearly revenues of > 1 Mio GBP
GRID FREQUENCY REGULATION PELHAM, UNITED KINGDOM The main application of the project is the capacity market and frequency response services but also features other applications like Triads management and reactive power provision. This project is the largest battery project in the European Union in a single location till date. The complete project timeline from contract signature till commissioning was reached within 5,5 months Project Plant information SMA System Technology • Location: Pelham, UK • Installed battery power: 64 MVA • 26 SMA Sunny Central Storage 2475 with • Commissioning: November 2017 • Installed battery storage: 50 MWh of Li-Ion NMC noise reduction packages batteries for frequency regulation • 26 Medium Voltage Block 2475 • Batteries installed in customized containers • 7 Customized SMA E-houses • Connected at 132 kV • SMA Hybrid Controller • EMS SMA system solutions for hybrid applications Source: SMA project example 26
FUEL SAVE CONTROLLER (NEW NAME??) FOR GRID SERVICES Much faster control Much faster and Much faster much more accurate control measurement 06.06.2018 27
POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - HW CPU Highly Accurate Power Meter 50 - 100 msec F 0.001 Hz P 0.5% MX220 Integrated power meter in the controller assures fast response time to grid events 06.06.2018 28
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The inverter The plant optimizer and the interface to grid operator and local plant level controller represents a compatible represents an energy management system power management system. 06.06.2018 29
GRID FREQUENCY REGULATION PELHAM, UNITED KINGDOM 250 ms from measurement till 50 MW are fed into the grid SMA system solutions for hybrid applications Source: SMA project example 30
POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – POWER CONTROL Set-point selection: The power controller receives an input set-point Mode generated based on the operation mode. External Power Setpoint The source of the set-point can be selected of the following: Select/ Power 1. External set-point via Soc SocCtrl Combine Control SCS Setpoint a. Communication Interface P(f)-EFR / b. Set-point of a time profile f FFR 2. P(f) i.e. EFR / FFR 3. Combination of 1 & 2 Time-Profile will be a pair of P & t saved on the controller EFR/FFR – will be implemented on the controller and can be and can be defined by the customer and activated as configured by the customer. needed. Use case is trading at predefined times. P P1 MW P2 SocHi P3 f P4 SocLo P5 P6 time f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 06.06.2018 31
POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – DISPATCHING The PMS control the power on plant level and then generates individual set-point for each inverter. This function is called the dispatching 1..n 1 1 Q* P*, Control P*, Q* Dispatch P*, Q* The power will be distributed according to the following variables - SoC of each battery block. A symmetry controller adjust the power to each inverter depending on the SoC of each battery. E.g. Batteries with more SoC than the remaining blocks in the plant will be subject to more discharge than the other blocks. - Available power at each block depending on derating factors (tempr. Number of racks, ..etc). - Rated power of each block in case of asymmetric plant design (e.g. different inverter rating) ΔP 1% P nom ∆ -2% 2% Δ SOC / ØSOC -1% P nom Illustration Symmetry Controller – All parameters can be configured by the customer 06.06.2018 32
POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – REACTIVE POWER The following modes are amiable for reactive power provision Mode 1. External Set point External Power Setpoint 2. Q(U) – Voltage dependent reactive power 3. 1 + 2 can be combined Select/ Combine Power SCS Setpoint Control U Q(U) In case of conflicting against the active power due to reaching inverter capacity, the customer can parametrize which one has priority, P or Q. The reactive power will be dispatched in a similar way like the active power under consideration the available power rating of each inverter. The P&Q will be sent in a way to keep similar power factor across all inverter to increase the efficiency. If this can not be achieved due to sudden –normally short term- limitation, the controller will re-dispatch to achieve the required set- point. 06.06.2018 33
OUTCOMES OF ADDING SOLAR + STORAGE > Extremely fast From measurement to response tuned in to 1% accuracy in only 250ms > Low installed power replaces high amounts of fossil must-run capacity 50 MW battery storage power replaces primary control reserve of 1.6GW fossil capacity Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle 34
VON SOLAR-DIESEL-HYBRIDSYSTEMEN ZU NETZDIENSTLEISTUNGEN IM VERBUNDNETZ Solar-Diesel- Netzdienstleistungen in großen Hybridsysteme Verbundnetzen Ausblick 100% EE (Beispiel St. Eustatius) (Beispiel Speicher für Regelleistung) Entwicklung und Validierung der Systemsteuerung (Entwicklungsprozess und Testumfeld) 30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle SMA Solar Technology AG
REQUIREMENTS FOR GRID STABILITY WITH 100% PV > Primary control reserve has to be covered by renewables > Inertia has to be covered by renewables > Fault handling has to be covered by renewables > There have to be defined requirements for DERs Fuel Save Controller 2.0 – Christian Hoehle 36
CONTINOUS FREQUENCY SENSITIVE MODE New Control Scheme for PV-Inverters: > Curtailment relative to MPP scaled Primary 100ms- > Dynamic Response to over- and underfrequency Reserve samples > Minimization of curtailment losses compared to fixed curtailment Droop 1s- > Implemented in selected Inverter Types (Field Tests ongoing) samples New degree of freedom in inverter controls, though curtailment is not permanantly desired 37
PRINCIPLE CONTROL SCHEME OF PV-INVERTERS Current control: reference vmeas Sync > Measurement of Grid Voltage Pprim > Generation of a Reference Signal, e.g. Static functions using a PLL Vact Q(V) Q-Mod > Setpoint for current controller according Qset Qfix Current to static control functions, e.g. Pact PF(P) calc Limiting iac > Local Static Voltage Support via PFset PFfix & Premm et. al.:How to represent PV plants in grid Feed-in control of P and / or Q integration studies – a generic approach Vact P(V) > Frequency support Pmax min Pmax > External P and Q-setpoints fact, Pact P(f) > Desired Standard Operating Point is the Dynamic functions point of maximum power (MPP), given Vact DGS by irradiation State-of-the-art PV Systems usually work in current control mode 38
PROVIDING INERTIA WITH VOLTAGE CONTROL MODE INVERTERS Grid-parallel operation of single-phase Grid-forming inverters > Control of AC-Voltage Amplitude, Frequency and Phase Angle > Setpoint for Frequency of AC-Voltage f0 via > Current- and Active Power setpoints > Utilization of droops (f(P), U(Q)) AC power response to frequency steps (Laboratory Measurements) Alfred Engler et. al.: Droop Control in LV Grids Applied AC Frequency by Synthetic AC Soruce Measurement: elenia, TU Braunschweig Current Control Voltage Control Mode Inverter Mode Inverter with P(f) Voltage Control Mode Battery Inverters provide instantanous additional Power in case of Frequency transients 39
BENEFIT OF VOLTAGE CONTROLLED INVERTERS IN POWER SYSTEMS 150 MW CCI + 50 MVA VCI High share of current controlled DER without P(f) Synch. Generator* = = Only Synchr. Machines = = Pr = 204 MW G ~ ~ ~ ~ High share of CCI-DER with fast P(f) Transformers uk = 16% Sn = 255 MVA With VCIs and CCIs with fast P(f) 30 km 20 km 10 km 110 kV Overhead Lines Switchable Load t=1s Constant Load P = 60 MW P = 420 MW Taken from: Laudahn et. al: Substitution of Synchronous Generator Based Instantaneous Frequency Control Utilizing Inverter coupled DER, IEEE PEDG Q = 0 Mvar Q = -20 Mvar 2016 VCIs can provide “electrical inertia” to stabilize the frequency and gain time to activate primary control reserve. *) IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governing Model IEEE AC1A Excitation System
VON SOLAR-DIESEL-HYBRIDSYSTEMEN ZU NETZDIENSTLEISTUNGEN IM VERBUNDNETZ Solar-Diesel- Netzdienstleistungen in großen Hybridsysteme Verbundnetzen Ausblick 100% EE (Beispiel St. Eustatius) (Beispiel Speicher für Regelleistung) Entwicklung und Validierung der Systemsteuerung (Entwicklungsprozess und Testumfeld) 30.05.2017, Christian Hoehle SMA Solar Technology AG
ENTWICKLUNG FSC-20 Matlab Development Model FSC-20 Environment Control Model Model Code Generation Industrial PLC Environment Sim (Raspberry) Commu Commu Environment GUI Control nication nication Model Logging IO Hybrid Testbench Industrial PLC Real Hardware Commu Solar Battery GUI Control Genset nication Inverter Inverter Measur Sky Logging IO … ement Imager 42
SMA HYBRID TESTBENCH 06.06.2018 43
Parts of his Presentation are based on results of the Project „PV-Regel“, funded by the German Ministry of Economic Affairs (FKZ 0325694A) Thanks for your attention! SOCIAL MEDIA www.SMA.de/Newsroom 06.06.2018 44
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