2030 CLIMATE STRATEGY - Delivering a Net Zero, Climate Ready Edinburgh Draft: June 2021 - Edinburgh Council
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2030 CLIMATE STRATEGY Delivering a Net Zero, Climate Ready Edinburgh Draft: June 2021
Net Zero Energy Generation and Energy Efficient Buildings
Figure 14: Renewable electricity generation (MWh/year) in Edinburgh. (Source: Department for Business,
Energy to heat and power Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) - Renewable electricity by local authority, September 2020)
Edinburgh’s buildings is one of
the biggest sources of
greenhouse gas emissions in
the city.
Energy accounts for 68 percent of the
city’s emissions, with around half of this
coming from domestic homes. Natural gas
accounts for 35 percent of the city’s
emissions, with around two thirds of
domestic energy, and around 40 percent of
non-domestic, currently provided by gas.
Local renewable energy generation
levels are low
The cost of electricity in comparison to gas
is currently high, and Edinburgh has
relatively low levels of local renewable
electricity generation (currently only two
percent of the city’s total electricity
consumption).
2requirements for hydrogen-ready Figure 15: Energy consumption by fuel source:
The city is growing, and energy (Source: Edinburgh Carbon Scenario Tool,
appliances and a gas grid supporting it are
demand is set to increase based on Department of Business, Energy and
not yet clear and still being piloted through
The city is growing, with more people, new innovative projects like H100 Fife or Industrial Strategy (BEIS) datasets (2017/18
developments and more buildings across data)
Hy4Heat.2. While maintaining watch on
the public, private, commercial and this innovation, the city will take an
domestic sectors driving the need for city- electricity first approach to meeting the The city has a high proportion of
wide heat and energy generation and city’s needs. older buildings which need adapted
distribution solutions. to be energy efficient and resilient to
the impacts of climate change.
This will create increased demands on the
infrastructure supporting our energy 4% 1% Edinburgh has a rich mix of heritage
1% buildings and buildings in conservation
supply, with peak demand across the UK
estimated to increase between 33 percent areas which are an asset to the city’s
and 58 percent by 2050.1 31% cultural wealth. These buildings make a
major cultural, social and economic
The city’s energy networks and 27% contribution to the city. While these
supporting infrastructure need to buildings require a lot of energy to heat
change at speed and a bespoke approach to their
adaptation, keeping them well conserved
Local heat and energy generation and
and maintained can improve their energy
distribution (including heat networks) is
efficiency. Edinburgh’s Old and New Town
largely considered on a development-by- 15% is an UNESCO World Heritage Site and is
development basis. This means as a city 21%
Natural Gas Domestic already feeling the impacts of climate
we need to make decisions in a more
Natural Gas Non domestic change. As well as its historic and cultural
strategic way, and position Edinburgh to
Electricity Domestic importance, it is a place where people live,
maximise the commercial, carbon
Electricity Non domestic work and study.
reduction, energy savings and resilience
Other fuels Domestic
benefits potentially available. Around 48 percent of Edinburgh’s homes
Other fuels Non domestic
were built pre-1945, with many requiring
Green hydrogen may be able to offer Fugitive emissions essential maintenance repairs and
future solutions, but the technology is still
upgrading (‘retrofitting’) to become more
being developed and tested, and future
1 2
Future Energy Scenarios, National Grid, July 2020 H100 Fife, SGN, accessed June 2021; hy4heat,
accessed June 2020
3resilient to future climate change and Only 15 percent of homes in the city are The age, range, and complexity of the
energy efficient. owned by the local authority or housing city’s operational estate means the costs
associations3. This means the city is of retrofitting large operational buildings to
Forty-two percent of homes have energy dependent on businesses, owner- become net zero is significant, and current
performance certificate ratings of D or occupiers and private landlords investing financing models for resourcing retrofit
lower and regulations proposed by the in their buildings if we are to reduce the have limited commercial return, making it
Scottish Government in the national draft city’s emissions and ensure buildings are difficult to lever the external investment
Heat in Buildings Strategy would mean climate resilient, with communal spaces needed.
that by 2035, all domestic properties will and mixed-tenure buildings requiring
need to have an EPC rating of C or higher. owners to co-operate on organising retrofit Retrofitting large operational buildings
For Edinburgh, this could be as many as works. takes a long time and comes with
100,000 homes in Edinburgh that will significant disruption to services given the
require retrofitting. Many of Edinburgh’s residents will need number and size of buildings.
financial support to be able to meet the
costs of retrofitting their homes to the Ensuring action on energy delivers
A required standards, and to reduce energy wider social and economic benefits
demand to a level where non-gas heating
C We have an opportunity to make investing
systems are affordable to run. in energy infrastructure and retrofitting the
E city’s buildings an investment in
The costs of upgrading the city’s Edinburgh’s economic recovery.
G public buildings are significant
0% 20% 40% 60% Public sector partners also own large Heat and energy development offer
amounts of operational estate across the opportunities for public and private
Figure 16: Scottish domestic building energy investment at scale, and with confidence in
performance based on EPC rating..Source:
city, with the Council alone owning over
600 buildings – around 40 percent of revenue-generating infrastructure.
Scottish Government data (Data available for Improving the energy standards of our
4,905 properties only out of 238,269 which were built within the last 50 years,
with 30 percent being over 100 years old. buildings and developing new energy
households)
Other city partners, such as Edinburgh’s infrastructure presents opportunities to
universities and the NHS, face similar generate new markets, creating local jobs
estate challenges. and skills development opportunities,
delivering financial returns to be re-
3
: Scottish House Condition Survey: Local Authority
Analysis 2017-2019, Scottish Government, February
2021
4invested locally, which supports We will have preserved our UNESCO this work to ensure it supports community
community wealth-building and a just World Heritage site and historic buildings, wealth building and a just transition to a
transition to net zero. taking an ‘Outstanding Universal Value’ resilient net zero city.
approach, and protecting the embodied
Our vision carbon they hold. The rest of our homes
and city buildings will be fully adapted to Energy efficient new buildings
Our vision is that by 2030, citizens our changing climate and will have heating
and businesses will be heated and and cooling systems that are able to deal
powered by clean energy, and we with wetter winters and hotter summers National requirements for new domestic
buildings are set to change, with no new
will all live in homes that are warmer The scale of the work required to improve developments being permitted to connect
and healthier to live in. Edinburgh’s buildings and energy to the gas grid from 2024. If we are to
infrastructure means we will create local meet our ambition for Edinburgh, we need
Better-insulated, energy efficient buildings
will have significantly reduced energy jobs and skills development opportunities to go faster on low carbon heat.
demand, helping to lower costs, and will – allowing us to support local businesses
and build community wealth. ‘City Plan 2030’ will set high energy
be heated and powered by clean energy standards in new developments and
– including more locally generated or Our strategic approach require the use of low and zero
community-owned renewable energy – emissions technologies to heat and
helping to reduce the risks of energy We will lay the foundations for change by
power the city’s new buildings.
insecurity. understanding energy demand across
the city and setting progressive planning Planning for a clean energy
Financial assistance will be available for policies that support change. future
citizens on lower incomes to help meet the
costs of retrofitting their homes – reducing We will bring partners together to create To deliver change to heat and energy over
running costs, which in turn will help an energy masterplan for the city and the next 10 years, we will undertake data-
tackle fuel poverty. collaborate on exemplar retrofit pilots, led energy mapping across the city to
using the learning to develop joint city better understand current and future
Public services will be collocated in a retrofit plans that secure economies of demand, and the opportunities for new
smaller number of high-quality energy scale. local generation and distribution systems,
efficient buildings, that make better use
of what we retain, to offer joined up local We will align city investment in public The Council will enter into a strategic
services that better meet our resident’s buildings and energy infrastructure to partnership with SP Energy Networks to
needs, and deliver savings to the public support 20-minute neighbourhoods, and align investment in the grid and associated
sector that can be re-invested in services. we will support citizens and businesses infrastructure with the city’s future energy
to invest in their buildings. We will target needs. This will help ensure the grid is
5able to meet increased demand and ensure all Council-led infrastructure
infrastructure is improved at strategic investment plans will seek opportunities to
locations which support city development. Investing in energy connect to heat networks as they are
developed, beginning with the Council’s
We will establish a new City Heat and To deliver the city energy masterplan, the learning estate programme.
Energy Partnership with key public and partnership will work with the Scottish
private sector organisations. The Government and private and public sector
partnership will be tasked with co- partners to develop a long-term shared
ordinating investments and supporting the investment strategy and delivery Improving the city’s public
delivery of flagship actions for the city. buildings and energy
mechanisms. This work will focus on
infrastructure to support thriving
maximising opportunities for local revenue
The partnership will develop a city-wide generation and securing a clean and local neighbourhoods
heat and energy masterplan which will affordable renewable energy infrastructure
incorporate a Local Heat and Energy The city’s public buildings need to be
for citizens and businesses. energy efficient, meet citizen’s needs, and
Efficiency Strategy align current and future
grid development to the city’s energy support 20-minute neighbourhood models
needs. that ensure easy access to local services
and reduce the demand for travel.
Developing heat networks
The strategy will also include support for
renewable energy, micro grids and We will collaborate with city partners, to
The partnership will work with communities strategically and align investment in our
measures to lower the cost of electricity
and developers to deliver heat networks estates to ensure it supports improved
and tackle fuel poverty, as well as meeting
that meet the needs of key public sector service delivery, improved energy
national requirements4.
buildings and major new developments efficiency and reduced emissions.
This will include working with Edinburgh across the city (focussing initially on major
and South East City Region Deal partners new developments at Granton Waterfront To achieve this, we will develop a joint
to develop regional renewable energy and the BioQuarter). public sector estate retrofit plan that will
solutions. This work will draw on the create economies of scale, support local
The Council will identify heat network companies, and unlock the potential large
region’s wind, geothermal, hydro and solar
zones, in line with emerging regulatory scale retrofit has to signal future needs to
assets and will look to learn from the H100
requirements. It will work with developers the supply chain, stimulate targeted
hydrogen pilot.
to further expand heat networks and will
4
Heat in buildings strategy - achieving net zero
emissions: consultation, Scottish Government,
February 2021
6workforce and skills development, and Phase 2 extending the heat network to We will work with Housing Associations
create new local jobs in the city. further buildings on the site. and Registered Social Landlords to secure
The Western General Hospital is a major economies of scale and extend the reach
We will work with the Heat and Energy of programmes across Edinburgh’s 35,000
Partnership to develop supporting place- consumer of energy, so the plans for the site
have potential to make a contribution to the social rented sector homes.
based energy infrastructure projects –
net zero pathway for the city as a whole and
to ensure joint public sector estate retrofits potentially integrate with wider energy
include consideration of net zero heat and systems and heat networks. Supporting citizens and
energy generation solutions, planned to businesses
meet neighbourhood’s needs. Source: NHS Lothian
Owner occupiers, private landlords and the
city’s businesses will also need to invest in
Case study: Western General Hospital their buildings if we are to reduce the city’s
Heat Network Warm, comfortable and emissions. We will work across the
affordable social housing public/private/domestic sectors to develop
NHS Lothian has commenced a major
exemplar retrofit pilots which will test
programme of energy efficiency works at the Improving the energy efficiency of
Western General Hospital to deliver high innovative finance models to support
energy efficiency systems and low carbon
Edinburgh’s existing homes is one of retrofitting, including in challenging mixed-
technologies. the most effective steps we can take to tenure and heritage settings.
reduce the city’s emissions. Achieving this
The works are urgently needed to replace will mean bringing forward a programme to We will share learning from pilots with the
ageing infrastructure, but the overall aim of carry out ‘fabric first’ building upgrades Scottish Government and call on them to
the programme is to find a pathway to net at pace, to support accelerated uptake of develop and roll out new incentivisation
zero in line with NHS Lothian Carbon new smart energy controls and low models to support citizens and
Commitments. The pathway is based on businesses to invest in improving the
carbon heating and cooling systems.
replacing the old steam network with a low energy efficiency of their buildings,
temperature district heat network (cont…) We will deliver an advanced whole house targeting financial assistance toward low-
and commissioning a new energy centre for retrofit programme across existing
the site.
income households to help tackle fuel
Council homes based on the EnerPHit poverty.
Phase 1 of the project is complete with part retrofit standard, which can deliver up to
of the site now served by the new Low an 87 percent reduction in emissions Case study: Integrating fabric first
Temperature Heat Network. The project will approaches to achieve wider community
while also improving health, comfort and
be phased over a number of years, with benefits in social housing
affordability for tenants.
7The City of Edinburgh Council manages evaluation to assess the carbon and energy We will ensure these opportunities deliver
approximately 20,000 homes which consists of cost savings. economic benefits for citizens and the city
a significant number of ‘hard to treat’ non- by working with the industry and South
traditional construction types which can These pilot projects will inform the longer-term
investment and roll out of the whole house East Scotland City Region Deal partners
present significant technical retrofit challenges.
retrofit programme. on their skills development programmes to
The Council is currently developing a Whole ensure the city has the workforce needed
House Retrofit approach. This approach will to transform with a focus on green
initially assess which advanced whole house construction skills.
retrofit standards (such as EnerPHit) are the
A new skilled workforce,
most suitable from a technical and financial making Edinburgh a centre
perspective, across the various Council for excellence Case study: Canongate Housing
housing archetypes to align with the Council’s Development Energy Efficiency and
long-term net zero carbon targets and to also
A large new skilled workforce will be Conservation project
provide energy savings for tenants. needed to deliver new energy
infrastructure and retrofit at scale and In March 2021, Edinburgh World Heritage in
Whole House Retrofit focuses on fabric first pace across the city’s public, private and partnership with the City of Edinburgh
measures, including improved thermal Council undertook an innovative pilot to
domestic buildings. The Scottish
insulation, airtightness and ventilation to retrofit a mixed tenure tenement block of
Government has committed to developing post-war B-listed development, designed by
significantly reduce energy demand and the
a Climate Emergency Skills Action plan to Sir Basil Spence in the late 1960s.
need to heat the home. It also helps to ensure
homes deliver health, comfort and affordability support market demand for the skills Focusing on 10 flats and 2 commercial units,
benefits to tenants. required and national data suggest there the project aimed to both improve energy
could be: efficiency and restore or repair its original
The wider Whole House Retrofit programme features.
will be a key component of the Council’s wider • Between 1,500 and 9,000 jobs over 15+ Supported by funding from the Scottish
area-based regeneration approach which has years in zero carbon energy (including Government and Scottish Power Energy
the potential to transform neighbourhoods and renewables, hydrogen and storage) Networks’ Green Economy Fund, the project
provide environmental, social and economic developed and tested innovative and
opportunities.
• Between 6,000 and 13,000 jobs over
replicable delivery models for the retrofit of
10+ years in decarbonising buildings domestic/non-domestic listed properties
Pilot projects will be developed to assess the and broadband considered as hard-to-treat.
benefits and practicalities of an advanced
• Between 2,000 and 3,500 jobs over
whole house retrofit approach across a variety Source: Edinburgh World Heritage
of the Council’s most common building three years in building new social
archetypes, along with detailed monitoring and housing.5 6
5 6
Green Jobs in Scotland, STUC, accessed June Green Jobs in Scotland, STUC, accessed June
2021 2021
8Net Zero Energy Generation and Energy Efficient Buildings
Outcomes
Heat and energy generation and distribution is clean and renewable, and buildings are energy efficient and resilient to climate change.
The cost of heating and powering the city’s homes and other buildings is reduced, helping to tackle fuel poverty.
Retrofit and energy infrastructure projects are delivering economic and social benefits to businesses and citizens supporting a just transition.
Action Next steps and Indicative delivery timeframe Delivery partners
1. Laying the policy • Set progressive planning policies to increase energy standards in new buildings. 2021–2023 The City of Edinburgh Council, The
foundations • Require the use of low and zero emissions technologies to heat and power the city’s Scottish Government, developers,
buildings. 2021–2023 Registered Social Landlords
2. Developing a city • Convene a City Heat and Energy Partnership. 2021–2023 The City of Edinburgh Council,
energy masterplan • Develop a city-wide heat and energy masterplan. 2021–2023 NHS, Edinburgh universities,
Scottish Water, Scottish Power
Energy Networks, Scottish Gas
Network, and other key partners.
3. Grid investment • Establish a strategic partnership with Scottish Power Energy Networks. 2021 The City of Edinburgh Council, SP
• Align current and future grid development to the city’s energy needs. 2022-2030 Energy Networks
4. Energy investment • Develop a long-term shared investment strategy to deliver the city energy masterplan. 2021– City Heat and Energy Partnership,
strategy 2023 The Scottish Government, private
• Agree appropriate delivery mechanisms. 2021–2023 sector
5. Developing regional • Develop regional renewable energy solutions which draw on the area’s wind, geothermal, City Heat and Energy Partnership
energy solutions hydro and solar assets. 2024-2027
• Learn from the H100 hydrogen pilot. 2024-2027
6. Developing heat • Identify heat network zones across the city. Early 2022 The City of Edinburgh Council
networks • Ensure all Council-led infrastructure investment plans seek opportunities to connect to heat
networks, beginning with our learning estate programme. 2023 - 2027 City Heat and Energy Partnership
• Work with communities and developers to deliver heat networks which meet the needs of
key public sector buildings and major new developments across the city, beginning with
Granton Waterfront and the BioQuarter. 2023 - 2027
7. Focussing on place- • Collaborate on place-based joint energy infrastructure projects which maximise opportunities City Heat and Energy Partnership
based projects to deliver low-cost, clean, renewable energy to neighbourhoods and communities, with a
focus on areas experiencing inequalities. 2024–2027
98. Retrofitting the city’s • Develop a plan for retrofitting social housing across the city to the highest energy standards, The City of Edinburgh Council,
social housing and to reduce energy demand and tackle fuel poverty. 2028-2030 Registered Social Landlords
public sector estate • Collaborate on and identify opportunities for a joint public sector estate retrofit programme.
2023-2027 NHS, University of Edinburgh,
• Ensure retrofit programmes create green jobs and skills development opportunities for Heriot Watt University, Scottish Fire,
citizens, targeting those at greatest risk of poverty. 2023-2027 Scottish Power Energy Networks,
The City of Edinburgh Council, skills
development bodies.
9. Testing innovative • Scope and test innovative approaches to retrofit in challenging mixed-tenure and heritage EIT Climate-KIC, Edinburgh Climate
approaches for settings, to deliver exemplar models and accelerate progress. 2021–2023 Change Institute, Changeworks,
challenging settings • Adapt Edinburgh’s World Heritage site to be resilient to climate change. 2021–2023 Edinburgh World Heritage
Edinburgh World Heritage, Historic
Environment Scotland
10. Supporting owner- • Develop models that support businesses, owner-occupiers and private landlords to invest in The City of Edinburgh Council, EIT
occupiers and energy retrofits. 2024-2027 Climate-KIC, Changeworks,
landlords • Call on the Scottish Government to bring forward at speed schemes to support citizens to Edinburgh World Heritage
fund energy efficiency upgrades and decarbonisation of heat in their homes. 2021
• Call on the Scottish Government to urge the UK Government to ensure its future Heat in The City of Edinburgh Council, The
Buildings Strategy includes action to significantly reduce the cost of electricity, without Scottish Government
passing costs on to other areas of households’ budgets. 2021
11. Resourcing net zero • Call on the Scottish Government to work with city partners to identify and deploy additional The City of Edinburgh Council, The
public buildings resource to deliver net zero public buildings. 2021–2023 Scottish Government, developers,
Registered Social Landlords
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