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2nd DRR-Team Mission Report
Senegal – Coastal Breach of St Louis
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis i
Date: 15 05 2015 2nd DRR-Team Mission Report Senegal – Coastal Breach of St Louis 2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis ii
DRR-TEAM SENEGAL Document title 2nd DRR-Team Mission Report Senegal Status DRAFT v3 Date 15 05 2015 Project name Coastal Breach St Louis Reference BD5355 Drafted by B. Reeskamp / J. Dronkers Checked by B. Reeskamp Date/initials check BRE 15 05 2015 Approved by B. Reeskamp 2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis iii
SUMMARY
1. Introduction
Senegal is facing serious coastal erosion, aggravated by the digging in 2003 of
an artificial outlet of the river Senegal just south of the city of Saint-Louis. This
initial discharge canal of some 5 m wide has now grown end 2014 into an
opening of now more than 4,5 km wide and has thus led to a large coastal
erosion by the sea having a large impact on the environment. A long and
growing strip of former river bank is now threatened directly by the heavy surf of
the ocean, houses and cemeteries being destroyed. Senegal has requested the
Dutch Risk Reduction Team (DRR-Team) to advise on this situation.
An official request of the Republic of Senegal was sent to the Dutch Government
on 28 of February 2014, to advise on managing the critical situation of the
coastal zone close to the city of Saint-Louis.
A first DRR-Team scoping mission to Senegal took place from 8 until 14
November 2014. This mission led, among other, to measures to be taken on
short-, medium- and long-term and to organisational recommendations on the
side of the Senegalese government. The scoping mission and the results were
well received by the Senegalese government, the WB, the EU and all the other
parties concerned. All these stakeholders have requested a second mission to
follow-up on the issues and recommendations made during the first DRR-Team
mission. The second DRR-Team field mission to Senegal took place from
15/03/2015 to 27/03/2015.
2. Sort, Medium and Long Term Actions
The first DRR-Team Mission to Senegal led to an overview of actions to be taken.
These actions were divided into short, medium and long term actions.
The short term actions are related to the following actions in the Saint Louis
area:
o Protection of the villages at the location of the coastal breach
o Monitoring actions in the area of the coastal breach related to the channel
for the fishermen
o Monitoring of the critical sections
The medium and long term actions are related to:
o The “Integral Study” of the coastal breach and the total surrounding area
of Saint Louis
o All the actions related to the Integral Study such as data collection,
investigations, local interactions etc.
The second DRR-Team mission re-evaluated these actions and looked at was to
start them up in interaction with all the stakeholders.
For the short term action of the protection of the villages the experts proposed
to also look at the option of dredging with sand fills.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis iv
3. Recommendations and Follow-up Activities
3.1 Legal entity “Projet Brèche”
The first recommendation to the Senegalese government is to establish a
separate legal entity for the “Projet Brèche” (coastal breach project). The
setup of this structure is presented in the picture below.
A full-time director needs to be appointed who will be responsible for this
legal entity under the guidance of a Steering Committee. This director and
his staff will need to run the project through all the required phases. The
setup of the project is such that:
o Elements related to the project will be dealt with as much as possible
locally in Senegal
o Throughout the duration of the project the Dutch experts will give
technical assistance where required.
Since the start of the problems in 2003, some 11 years ago, a lot of
initiatives and projects related to the coastal breach were started.
However, it’s a pity they were all focussed on just an element or some
elements of the problem. The focus was in the areas of importance for the
organisations involved.
The recommended approach will ensure that the coastal breach problem is
dealt with considering all the disciplines and issues involved. The challenge
is to evaluate and to find, in Phase 2 (Integral Study), the best alternative
for the coastal breach considering all the issues involved.
Figure 1: Organisation of the coastal breach project
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis v
3.2 Start-up Phase 1 of the project
Another recommendation is to start-up Phase 1 of the project. Some of
the key elements are:
o Establishing a separate legal entity for the team “Projet Brèche”
o Arrange finance for Phase 1
o Start-up of the local team to be employed fulltime in the project
o Collect the available data and studies related to the coastal breach
o Plan of Approach for Phase 2 (Integral Study of the project)
The various elements are presented in the pictures below.
Figures 2: Phases of the project and startup Phase 1.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis vi
3.3 Recommendations as to finance
For Phase 1 of the recommended approach a global cost estimation was
made for the local team and the Dutch experts to be involved in this
start-up phase of the project.
The first phase would also lead to a clear plan of approach for Phase 2:
the Integral Study of the coastal breach.
As to financing of the Phase 1 the following approach was proposed to
Steering Committee in Senegal:
- The local part of Phase 1 is to be financed by the Senegalese
government and/or the financial institutions
- For the costs of the Dutch experts in Phase 1 the following approach
was proposed: The DRR-Team will interact with their Steering
Committee in Holland to discuss the following:
‐ The Netherlands would bear the costs of the experts support for
Phase 1 only if Dutch experts will be involved in the role of Technical
Assistance throughout all the phases of the project. Payments of the
Dutch experts Technical Assistance in Phases 2 and 3 by the project.
Figure 3: Elements to arrange in Senegal and the Netherlands to start-up Phase 1
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis vii
CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND 11
1.1 Background Coastal Breach St Louis 11
1.2 Context of Saint Louis 11
1.3 Arial pictures of evolvement Coastal Breach St-Louis 11
2 DRR-TEAM MISSION 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Scope of Work 13
2.3 Approach 14
2.4 Objectives 14
2.5 Team members 14
2.6 Agenda DRR-Team Mission 14
3 RESULTS AND FINDINGS 15
3.1 Introduction 15
3.2 Stakeholders 15
3.3 Meetings and interactions 16
3.4 Short, Medium and Long Term actions 16
3.5 Mission results 17
3.5.1 Recent coastal erosion in St Louis 17
3.5.2 Terms of Reference for geo-tubes 18
3.5.3 Approach to the project 18
3.5.4 Structure “Projet Brèche” office 19
3.5.5 Phasing and planning of the project 20
4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES 21
4.1 Legal entity “Projet Brèche” 21
4.2 Start-up Phase 1 of the project 22
4.3 Recommendations as to finance 23
4.4 Recommendations related to short term actions 24
4.5 Timeline & Planning Follow-up 24
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis viii
5 ADDED VALUE OF DUTCH EXPERTISE 24 6 OVERVIEW SCOPE OF WORKS AND RESULTS 25 ANNEX A – DRR-TEAM 27 ANNEX B – TEAM MEMBERS 28 ANNEX C – TERMS OF REFERENCE MISSION 29 ANNEX D – MISSION PROGRAMME 33 ANNEX E – DOCUMENTS COLLECTED 34 ANNEX F – ILLUSTRATIONS ACTIONS 35 ANNEX G – TERMS OF REFERENCE GEO-TUBES 52 ANNEX H – DEBRIEFING PRESENTATION 27/03/2015 60 2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS WB World Bank EU European Union EIB European Investment Bank AFD Agence Française de Développement ANAM Agence Nationale Affaire Maritime OMVS Organisation pour la Mise en Value du fleuve Sénégal DEEC Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classées UGB Université Gaston Berger (de St Louis) TA Technical Assistance ToR Terms of Reference 2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis x
1 BACKGROUND
1.1 Background Coastal Breach St Louis
The river Senegal ends in an estuary near the city of Saint-Louis. Saint-Louis is
the capital of the region Saint-Louis, located in the north of Senegal near the
border with Mauritania. In 2003 exceptional rains have been registered in the
Sahel zone and in Guinea leading to considerably high water levels in the river
Senegal. To prevent the Diama dam, just upstream form Saint-Louis, from
collapsing, it was opened widely, provoking inundation of the lower, recently
build, areas of Saint-Louis. This made the Senegal Government to decide to dig
an artificial outlet through the narrow (200 - 400 m) strip of dunes that
separates the river from the ocean over a distance of nearly 20 km before its
estuary. The small opening quickly eroded and became a large opening (now
more than 4.5 km) which is moving gradually to the south. This has large
impact on the environment, through salt intrusion in an area where before
fresh river water was used for vegetable gardening. A long and growing strip of
former river bank is now threatened directly by the heavy surf of the ocean,
houses and cemeteries being destroyed.
1.2 Context of Saint Louis
Three characteristics give Saint-Louis its distinctive geographic appearance: the
Sahel, the marshes and the Langue de Barbarie. The heart of the old colonial
city is located on a narrow island (just over 2 km long and about 400 m wide)
in the Senegal River, 25 km from its mouth. At this point the river is separated
from the Atlantic Ocean to the west by a narrow sand spit, the Langue de
Barbarie (300 m wide), which has also been urbanized (the seaside
neighbourhoods of Ndar Tout and Guet Ndar). A third part of the city, Sor, lies
on the eastern mainland and is nearly surrounded by tidal marshes.
The Langue de Barbarie is a 40 km long stretch of sand with a width varying
from 200 to 400 meter that separates the lower Senegal River from the Atlantic
Ocean. Its vegetation mainly consists of Filao trees, propagated to prevent soil
erosion in sandy and salty soils. However, nowadays dunes and vegetation are
disappearing due to erosion and salinisation (especially in the southern area).
The area is a very important nature reserve with the Parc national des Oiseaux
du Djoudj, Parc National de la Langue de Barbarie, special fauna reserve
Gueumbeul and the main area protecting Saint-Louis. Rising sea levels, as well
as water levels flowing out of the Senegal River now threaten the low lying
islands which make up the city. In June 2008, Alioune Badiane of the United
Nations' UN-Habitat agency designated Saint-Louis as "the city most
threatened by rising sea levels in the whole of Africa", citing climate change
and a failed 2004 river and tidal canal project as the cause. The River Senegal
is managed by the OMVS (Organisation pour la mise en Valeur de fleuve
Sénégal), created in 1972 by Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal. Guinea joined the
OMVS in 2006. The OMVS also manages the dams in the river (Manantali,
Félou, Diama). Electricity is provided to Mali, Mauritania and Senegal.
1.3 Arial pictures of evolvement Coastal Breach St-Louis
An impression of the evolvement of the coastal breach of ST-Louis from 2003
to end 2014 is given in the pictures below. The some 5 m cut in 2003 now grew
to more than 4,5 km.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 11 -2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 12 -
2 DRR-TEAM MISSION
2.1 Introduction
Senegal is facing serious coastal erosion, aggravated by the digging in 2003 of
an artificial outlet of the river Senegal just south of the city of Saint-Louis. This
initial discharge canal of some 5 m wide has now grown end 2014 into an
opening of now more than 4,5 km wide and has thus led to a large coastal
erosion by the sea having a large impact on the environment. A long and
growing strip of former river bank is now threatened directly by the heavy surf
of the ocean, houses and cemeteries being destroyed. Senegal has requested
the Dutch Risk Reduction Team (DRR-Team) to advise on this situation.
An official request of the Republic of Senegal was sent to the Dutch
Government on 28 of February 2014, to advise on managing the critical
situation of the coastal zone close to the city of Saint-Louis.
A first DRR-Team scoping mission to Senegal took place from 8 until 14
November 2014. This mission led, among other, to measures to be taken on
short-, medium- and long-term and to organisational recommendations on the
side of the Senegalese government. The scoping mission and the results were
well received by the Senegalese government, the WB, the EU and all the other
parties concerned. All these stakeholders have requested a second mission to
follow-up on the issues and recommendations made during the first DRR-
mission. The second DRR field mission to Senegal took place from 15/03/2015
to 27/03/2015. In interacties with the parties involved, the main focus and
result of the 2nd mission was to structure ow to start up the project of the
“Brèche de St Louis” and how the technical assistance of Dutch experts would
fit in into this project.
2.2 Scope of Work
During this follow-up mission the scope of work of DRR-Team (in cooperation
with the WB and the EU) is to:
• Prepare a Terms of Reference, which will be tendered by the EU, for an
assignment that will research and implement “geo-tubes” inside the coastal
breach to help protect endangered towns. This ToR will be prepared in draft
before the 2 weeks mission on site in Senegal;
• Investigate and discuss with the EU the possibilities for contracting
regarding the Terms of Reference for the geo-tubes;
• Interact with the ANAM and the Steering Committee concerning the
approach of the total project and how to fit the “technical assistance” role;
• Interact with the stakeholders in Saint Louis (e.g. University and media) as
to the way forward. The goal is to ensure coordination and support for the
approach proposed for the coastal breach project;
• Follow up and interact with the parties concerned on the issues and
recommendations made during the scoping mission;
• Further identify the finance options and way forward for the Technical
Assistance role;
• Provide advice on the next steps after the DRR-Team follow-up missions
regarding Technical Assistance and in relation to the upcoming trade
mission.
The Terms of Reference are enclosed in annex C.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 13 -2.3 Approach
The follow up mission will visit the governmental parties concerned, the various
stakeholders, the WB, the EU and the parties concerned in Dakar and Saint
Louis. The embassy will assist in planning the agenda for the mission and in the
contacts and details of the Dutch companies in Senegal.
2.4 Objectives
The objectives of the mission are to:
Ensure the correct approach of the coastal breach project in Saint Louis;
Ensure the project is structured correctly ;
Ensure WB and EU with their studies fit into the total objectives of the
project;
Ensure the agreement for the need of “Technical Assistance” with
specialized Dutch expertise input supporting the project over the coming
years;
Agree as to the role and contribution of the Technical Assistance;
Ensure (co-)financing of the Technical Assistance role in the total project;
Ensure commitment and support from the Senegalese authorities (ANAM
and steering committee);
Determine a long-term follow-up strategy.
2.5 Team members
For the DRR missions to Senegal for the coastal breach of Saint Louis the
team members were:
Ir. Ben Reeskamp: Team leader and expert in integrated coastal and
marine projects
Ir. Job Dronkers: Expert in coastal erosion, having a broad network in the
Dutch water sector and experience in delta countries.
2.6 Agenda DRR-Team Mission
The agenda of the 2nd DRR-Team mission to Senegal for the coastal breach
of Saint Louis is presented in Annex D.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 14 -3 RESULTS AND FINDINGS
3.1 Introduction
The 2nd DRR-Team mission started with the kick-off at the residence of the
ambassador. At the meeting was arranged by the Steering Committee and
involved all the stakeholders and financing institutions such as WB, EU and EIB.
During the meeting the DRR-Team presented the activities planned, the agenda
and the goals of the 2nd mission. One of the main goals was to see how the
project could be started up involving the Technical Assistance of experts of the
Netherlands.
Picture 3.1: Kick-off meeting at the Residence with the Steering Committee.
3.2 Stakeholders
The stakeholders are:
Financing Institutions
WB World Bank
EU European Union
EIB European Investment Bank
AFD Agence Française de Développement
GIS Deutsche Gezellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
Ministries and local organisations
ANAM Agence Nationale Affaire Maritime
DEEC Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classées
UGB Université Gaston Berger (de St Louis)
Université Université de Dakar
OMVS Organisation pour la Mise en Value du fleuve Sénégal
Parc de Gandiol
Commune de Gandiol
City of Saint Louis
Fisherman of St Louis
Wetlands International
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 15 -3.3 Meetings and interactions
The meetings held during the 2nd DRR-Team mission are presented in Annex
D.
During the various meetings the local capabilities and the availability of data
were also evaluated.
Picture 3.2: Meeting 19/03/2015 with the DG at “Port Autonome de Dakar”.
3.4 Short, Medium and Long Term actions
The first DRR-Team mission to Senegal led to an overview of actions to be
taken. These actions were divided into short, medium and long term actions.
The short term actions are related to the following actions in the Saint Louis
area:
o Protection of the villages at the location of the coastal breach
o Monitoring actions in the area of the coastal breach related to the channel
for the fishermen
o Monitoring of the critical sections
The medium and long term actions are related to:
o The “Integral Study” of the coastal breach and the total surrounding area
of Saint Louis
o All the actions related to the Integral Study such as data collection,
investigations, local interactions etc.
The second DRR-Team mission re-evaluated these actions and looked at how to
start up the project in interaction with all the stakeholders and parties involved.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 16 -3.5 Mission results
3.5.1 Recent coastal erosion in St Louis
During the stay in Saint Louis the DRR-Team heard about a recent coastal
erosion in the northern part of Saint Louis over about a distance of 1 km. This
coastal erosion started beginning of March 2015.
The pictures below show the situations along the coastal at low water. Already
some 40 houses were destroyed and more will follow. This section needs
immediate monitoring and short term actions required need to be evaluated. All
these actions need to be part of phase 1 of the project.
Pictures 3.3: Recent coastal erosion in the Northern part of Saint Louis (the
picture show the coastal stretch at low water).
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 17 -3.5.2 Terms of Reference for geo-tubes
As per the ToR the terms of reference for the geo-tubes was prepared before
the trip to Senegal (the document is enclosed in annex G).
At the start of the 2nd mission it was a surprise for the experts and the embassy
in Dakar, that we found out that the ministry of environment already had a ToR
for the geo-tubes and was busy in contracting of the related engineering works.
Of course it was positive to see that one of the short-term actions
recommended after the 1st DRR-Team mission had been picked up. The DRR-
Team interacted with the ministry of environment as to the approach and the
alternatives for geo-tubes. We discussed with them the alternative of the
dredging of sand and application of this sand fill along the endangered area
(Pilote Barre and other villages). An advantage of this option would be that the
equipment can be used to install a sand fill on the langue de Barbarie which will
slow down the erosion processes. All these measure are “no-regret” short term
measures that do not endanger or hinder the final integral solution for the
coastal breach.
3.5.3 Approach to the project
After various interactions and meetings with all parties involved it was clear
that each wanted to help the project and get involved but they were all
focussing on their own elements and issues they could see. These last 11
years there have been a lot of initiatives and projects related to the “brèche
de St Louis” but often they were pulled and focussed on the discipline of the
party involved.
In our various interactions and meetings we made clear we now all need to
climb into the same boat and row into the same direction. We need to
approach this problem integrally considering all the issues involved
otherwise the coastal breach problem will never be resolved.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 18 -3.5.4 Structure “Projet Brèche” office
In order to get all the parties into the “same boat and all row into the same direction”
we proposed to make an independent legal entity “projet brèche office” (coastal breach
office). A full-time director needs to be appointed who will be responsible for
this legal entity under the guidance of a Steering Committee. This director and
his staff will need to run the project through all the required phases.
The setup of the project is such that:
o Elements related to the project will be dealt with as much as possible
locally in Senegal
o Throughout the duration of the project the Dutch experts would give
technical assistance (TA) where required.
The setup of this structure is presented in the picture below.
The recommended approach will ensure that the coastal breach problem is
dealt with considering all the disciplines and issues involved. The challenge is to
evaluate and to find, in Phase 2 (Integral Study), the best alternative for the
coastal breach considering all the issues involved.
This approach would be the only one that is acceptable to parties like the WB in
order to “climb into the same boat” and all work on the same integral solution
for the project.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 19 -3.5.5 Phasing and planning of the project
One of the main goals of the 2nd DRR-Team mission was to see how to start-
up, phase and plan the project. This resulted in:
o Structuring the organisation of the project (see chapter 3.5.4)
o Structuring the phasing and activities of the project
The goal is to have all short, medium and long term actions related to the
coastal breach dealt with by the same team. The phasing and activities of all
the actions to be undertaken for the project is split up in 3 phases:
o Phase 1: the start-up of the project. After the set-up of the “Projet Brèche” office
it is estimated that phase 1 would have a duration of 6 months. Phase 1
involves:
- Setting up the independant legal entity of the “Projet Brèche”
- Arranging finance for phase 1
- Selection of the team
- Setting up of the office, internet…
- Collection of data and existing studies
- Evaluation local capabilities
- The plan of approach for phase 2, the integral study of the project.
Phase 2 involves.
- Scope of works
- Deliverables
- Organisation
- Planning and costs of phase 2
- Financing approach for phases 2 and 3
o Phase 2: the integral study of the project
o Phase 3: the construction phase
This approach as to the 3 phases and the planning is presented in the picture
below.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 20 -4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES
4.1 Legal entity “Projet Brèche”
The first recommendation to the Senegalese government is to establish a
separate legal entity for the “Projet Brèche” (coastal breach project). The setup
of this structure is presented in the picture below.
A full-time director needs to be appointed who will be responsible for this legal
entity under the guidance of a Steering Committee. This director and his staff
will need to run the project through all the required phases. The setup of the
project is such that:
o Elements related to the project will be dealt with as much as possible
locally in Senegal
o Throughout the duration of the project the Dutch experts will give technical
assistance where required.
Since the start of the problems in 2003, some 11 years ago, a lot of initiatives
and projects related to the coastal breach were started. However, it’s a pity
they were all focussed on just an element or some elements of the problem.
The focus was in the areas of importance for the organisations involved.
The recommended approach will ensure that the coastal breach problem is
dealt with considering all the disciplines and issues involved. The challenge is to
evaluate and to find, in Phase 2 (Integral Study), the best alternative for the
coastal breach considering all the issues involved.
Figure 4.1: Organisation of the coastal breach project
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 21 -4.2 Start-up Phase 1 of the project
Another recommendation is to start-up Phase 1 of the project. Some of the key
elements are:
o Establishing a separate legal entity for the team “Projet Brèche”
o Arrange finance for Phase 1
o Start-up of the local team to be employed fulltime in the project
o Collect the available data and studies related to the coastal breach
o Plan of Approach for Phase 2 (Integral Study of the project)
The various elements are presented graphically the pictures below.
Figure 4.2: Phases of the project and startup Phase 1.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 22 -4.3 Recommendations as to finance
For Phase 1 of the recommended approach a global cost estimation was made
for the local team and the Dutch experts to be involved in this start-up phase
of the project.
The first phase would also lead to a clear plan of approach for Phase 2: the
Integral Study of the coastal breach.
As to financing of the Phase 1 the following approach was proposed to Steering
Committee in Senegal:
- The local part of Phase 1 is to be financed by the Senegalese government
and/or the financial institutions
- For the costs of the Dutch experts in Phase 1 the following approach was
proposed: The DRR-Team will interact with their Steering Committee in
Holland to discuss the following:
‐ The Netherlands would bear the costs of the experts support for
Phase 1 only if Dutch experts will be involved in the role of Technical
Assistance throughout all the phases of the project. Payments of the
Dutch experts Technical Assistance in Phases 2 and 3 by the project.
Figure 4.3: Elements to arrange in Senegal and the Netherlands to start-up Phase 1
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 23 -4.4 Recommendations related to short term actions
The DEEC has sent out a Request for Proposal for the study of the installation
of geo-tubes as a measure to protect temporarily the villages in the exposed
section of the coastal breach. The planning is such that the studies should be
completed in August 2015 and the works should start begin 2016.
Besides the geo-tubes option, the DRR-Team advised to also look at the option
of sand fills by means of dredging. The dredging and sand fill option is a flexible
option that could possibly also be started up quicker. Another advantage would
be that small dredging equipment could also help stopping or slowing down the
erosion of the “Langue de Barbarie” by means of additional fills at this location.
These measures are all “no-regret” measures which do not endanger the
realisation of the best chosen option which will arise after completion of the
complex “Integral Study” of the coastal breach problem (Phase 2 of the
project).
4.5 Timeline & Planning Follow-up
Phase 1, the start-up of the project, should be started of as soon as possible.
Considering the elements involved this start-up would be feasible before the
summer of 2015.
The follow up of the project involves:
- Follow up by the embassy in Dakar: this involves the actions to first be
taken by the Senegalese government such as:
‐ The setup of the separate legal entity “Projet Brèche”office
‐ Arrange finance for the Senegalese side
‐ Interact with The DRR-Team as to approach and finance of the
international experts
- Follow up by the experts: interact with the Steering Committee in The
Netherlands as to the proposed financial approach linked to a Technical
Assistance involvement of the Dutch Expertise throughout the project
5 ADDED VALUE OF DUTCH EXPERTISE
The approach taken for the project lead to the best combination of:
- Using the expertise and capabilities available in Senegal
- Using the Dutch Expert in the role of Technical Assistance where required
- The Dutch experts handled the challenge integrally considering all the
issues involved. These issues were among others: technical,
organizational, institutional, educational, financial etc.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 24 -6 OVERVIEW SCOPE OF WORKS AND RESULTS
The various points of the Scope of Works of the mission are numbered below.
For each of these points a compact overview of the actions taken by the DRR-
Team is listed below each of the points of the Scope of Works:
1. Prepare a Terms of Reference, which will be tendered by the EU, for an
assignment that will research and implement “geo-tubes” inside the coastal
breach to help protect endangered towns. This ToR will be prepared in draft
before the 2 weeks mission on site in Senegal;
The ToR for the geo-tubes prepared before the mission is enclosed in
annex G. At the start of the 2nd mission to our surprise and the surprise
of the embassy in Dakar, we found out the ministry of environment
already had a ToR for the geo-tubes and was busy in contracting of the
related engineering works. The DRR-Team interacted with the ministry
as to the approach and the alternatives for geo-tubes. We discussed
with them the alternative of the dredging of sand and application of this
sand fill along the endangered area (Pilote Barre and other villages). An
advantage is that the equipment can be used to install sand fill on the
langue de Barbarie which will slow down the erosion processes. Al these
measure are “no-regret measures” that do not endanger or hinder the
final integral solution for the coastal breach.
2. Investigate and discuss with the EU the possibilities for contracting regarding
the Terms of Reference for the geo-tubes;
The contracting of the geo-tubes was discussed at various occasions
with the EU and the ministry of environment. At the moment they only
had money left for the engineering study of the geo-tubes.
3. Interact with the ANAM and the Steering Committee concerning the
approach of the total project and how to fit the “technical assistance” (TA)
role;
Has been discussed thoroughly and the we agree to the approach to the
TA role of the experts (see approach presented in the debriefing
presentation 27/03/2015 in Annex H)
4. Interact with the stakeholders in Saint Louis (e.g. University and media) as
to the way forward. The goal is to ensure coordination and support for the
approach proposed for the coastal breach project;
These interactions took place during our site visit at St Louis. We also
interacted with various involved professors of the UGB university, the
governor, the local government, the mayor of Pilote Barre (the village
which would be protected by geo-tubes) , local fisherman and
inhabitants of St Louis at the location of the new erosion processes (see
chapter 3.5)
With the stake holders in St Louis we interacted as to the approach to
start up and execute the project. We presented the way forward in a big
meeting chaired by the governor and went through the approach for the
coastal breach project
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 25 -5. Follow up and interact with the parties concerned on the issues and
recommendations made during the scoping mission;
This has been done throughout the mission in Dakar in St Louis with all
the parties concerned
6. Further identify the finance options and way forward for the Technical
Assistance (TA) role;
The TA role was discussed with WB, EU and the Senegalese government.
Finance by financing institutions is possible but will require time and
project approach to be set-up. Basis of the applying for this financing
will be the deliverables and the interactions in phase 1 of the project
(see summary, chapter 3.2)
7. Provide advice on the next steps after the DRR-Team follow-up missions
regarding Technical Assistance and in relation to the upcoming trade
mission.
For the follow-up actions reference is made to chapter 4.5
The follow-up recommendations as to the project are also enclosed in
the “debriefing presentation 27/03/2015 (see Annex H).
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 26 -ANNEX A – DRR-TEAM Dutch Risk Reduction Team: reducing the risk of water related disasters Many countries around the world face severe water threats. Often, these countries are in urgent need of expert advice on how to prevent a disaster or how to recover from a calamity. For instance, when a country has been struck by severe floodings and the first emergency relief workers have gone, the need for advice on how to build a sustainable and safer water future arises. To meet these needs with a swift response, the Dutch government has initiated the Dutch Risk Reduction Team (DRR-Team). This team of experts advises governments on how to resolve urgent water issues related to flood risks, water pollution and water supply, to prevent disasters or to rebuild after water related disasters. With climate change and a fast growing world population, water issues are becoming more urgent. As a country renowned for its’ expertise on water and delta management, the Netherlands feels a responsibility to share its’ knowledge worldwide. That is just what the DRR-Team does; sharing expertise with governments to come up with the best possible approach/solutions for tackling urgent water issues. Because of the unique cooperation between government and sector, the best experts can be fielded quickly. The Dutch government offers a specific number of advisory missions each year. Advice for all water issues The Netherlands has brought its best water experts together in the Dutch Risk Reduction Team. It consists of high level advisors supported by a broad base of technical experts who can provide top quality and tailor made expertise to governments that are confronted with severe and urgent water challenges. The Dutch are experts in adapting to water in a changing world; from delta management to water technology, from urban planning to governance, public private partnerships and financial engineering. How does the DRR team work? Governments that have to deal with an urgent water issue are encouraged to contact the Dutch embassy in their region. The embassy will liaise quickly with the Dutch government. Interventions will only take place after a request from a central government has been received by the Dutch government, and after a recent calamity or to prevent a threatening disaster. The DRR-Team does not focus on emergency relief, but on sustainable solutions. If the decision to respond to the request is made, relevant Dutch experts will be rapidly fielded to the area that is under pressure. Together with the government and local experts, the situation will be assessed and analyzed after which the team will come up with a set of recommendations. For example advice on technical interventions including immediate measures and long term sustainable solutions, advice on governance and advice on financing options. The DRR-Team enables a foreign government to take action on the basis of sound advice and expertise. 2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 27 -
ANNEX B – TEAM MEMBERS
For the DRR-Team missions to Senegal for the coastal breach of Saint Louis the team
members were:
Ir. Ben Reeskamp: Team leader and expert in integrated coastal and marine projects
Ir. Job Dronkers: Expert in coastal erosion, having a broad network in the Dutch
water sector and experience in delta countries
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 28 -ANNEX C – TERMS OF REFERENCE MISSION
The Terms of Reference of the 2nd DRR-Team mission is enclosed below.
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR FOLLOW UP MISSION
DRR-TEAM SENEGAL
10 March, 2015
Context
Senegal is facing serious coastal erosion, aggravated by the digging in 2002 of an artificial
discharge of the river Senegal just south of the city of Saint-Louis. This coastal breach has a large
impact on the environment. A long and growing strip of former river bank is now threatened
directly by the heavy surf of the ocean, houses and cemeteries being destroyed. An official request
from the Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable of the Republic of Senegal
was sent to the Dutch Government on 28th of February 2014, to advise on managing the critical
situation of the coastal zone close to the city of Saint-Louis.
A first DRR-Team scoping mission to Senegal took place from 8 until 14 November 2014. This
mission led, among other, to measures to be taken on short-, medium- and long-term and to
organisational recommendations on the side of the Senegalese government. The scoping mission
and the results were well received by the Senegalese government, the WB, the EU and all the other
parties concerned. All these stakeholders have requested a second mission to follow-up on the
issues and recommendations made during the first DRR-mission.
This Terms of Reference (ToR) concerns a follow-up Mission to Senegal with a focus on the coastal
breach in Saint Louis.
Specification Follow-up Mission
One of the conditions for a DRR-Team follow-up mission is the commitment of the Senegalese
government (ANAM and steering committee) to implement the proposed organizational changes.
Early 2015 the Senegalese government has officially put the “Agence Nationale des Affaires
Maritimes” (ANAM) in charge of the Saint Louis coastal breach project. Furthermore, the Steering
Committee for the Breche de la Lange de Barbarie project, the “Comité de Pilotage”, has now also
officially been installed and had their first meeting in February 2015.
Scope of Work
During this follow-up mission the scope of work of DRR-Team (in cooperation with the WB and the
EU) is to:
Prepare a Terms of Reference, which will be tendered by the EU, for an assignment
that will research and implement “geo-tubes” inside the coastal breach to help protect
endangered towns. This ToR will be prepared in draft before the 2 weeks mission on
site in Senegal;
Investigate and discuss with the EU the possibilities for contracting regarding the
Terms of Reference for the geo-tubes;
Interact with the ANAM and the Steering Committee concerning the approach of the
total project and how to fit the “technical assistance” role;
Interact with the stakeholders in Saint Louis (e.g. University and media) as to the way
forward. The goal is to ensure coordination and support for the approach proposed for
the coastal breach project;
Follow up and interact with the parties concerned on the issues and recommendations
(in Annex B) made during the scoping mission;
Further identify the finance options and way forward for the Technical Assistance role;
Provide advice on the next steps after the DRR-Team follow-up missions regarding
Technical Assistance and in relation to the upcoming trade mission.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 29 -Objectives
The objectives of the mission are to:
Ensure the correct approach of the coastal breach project in Saint Louis;
Ensure the project is structured correctly ;
Ensure WB and EU with their studies fit into the total objectives of the project;
Ensure the agreement for the need of “Technical Assistance” with specialized Dutch
expertise input supporting the project over the coming years;
Agree as to the role and contribution of the Technical Assistance;
Ensure (co-)financing of the Technical Assistance role in the total project;
Ensure commitment and support from the Senegalese authorities (ANAM and steering
committee);
Determine a long-term follow-up strategy.
Approach
The follow up mission will visit the governmental parties concerned, the various stakeholders, the
WB, the EU and the parties concerned in Saint Louis.
The embassy will assist in planning the agenda for the mission and in the contacts and details of
the Dutch companies in Senegal.
Timing
The schedule is to have the follow-up mission in the period of 16 until 28 March 2015. The total
duration of the mission on site in Senegal will be 15 days (13 days mission and 2 days travelling).
Expected Results
Outputs
As a joint effort of the team of experts, the mission has to result in the delivery of the following
reports:
Technical part of the Terms of Reference for the engineering works related to the
installation of Geo-tubes at the locations of the villages that are threatened by erosion (for
the EU);
A compact mission report in English. It should enclose a description of the activities
conducted, the findings, recommendations and way forward for the proposed short-,
medium- and long-term measures. It should also enclose the added value of Dutch
expertise and possible opportunities for the Dutch water sector related to the coastal
breach project in Saint Louis;
A compact report in French with the findings and recommendations for the ANAM and the
Steering Committee of the Senegalese authorities. Recommendations will refer to: (1)
general approach, technical and organizational measures for dealing with the erosion
problems at short and medium term; (2) organization of technical assistance and studies to
be carried out; (3) financial aspects and cooperation with donor organizations.
Outcomes
Preparation of the technical part of the Terms of Reference for the EU, concerning the
study and installation of the “geo-tubes” inside the coastal breach to help protect
endangered towns;
Visits to various stakeholders involved in the proposed short-, medium- and long-term
measures such as the ANAM and the Steering Committee;
A visit to the World Bank Task Team manager to further investigate the possibilities to
coordinate a joint study related to the coastal projects they are co-financing and the
connection with the coastal problems around Saint-Louis;
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 30 - A visit to the European Investment Bank and the European Commission, being president of
the informal donor group for environment;
Presentation by team members to the Senegalese government and other parties involved
of:
o The integration into the project’s organization of the Technical Assistance (TA) and
the approach as to payment for the TA;
o Follow-up activities for the project team to reduce coastal problems on both short-,
medium- and long-term;
o Elaboration of the role of Dutch expertise in the TA and the approach of the TA.
Advice on the next steps after the DRR-Team follow up mission, for instance in relation to
the upcoming trade mission.
Required expertise
The second mission is a follow up of the findings and recommendations of the first successful
mission. As a result, the same team members are proposed for this follow-up mission. The mission
will be accompanied where possible by an Embassy staff member and a World Bank representative.
The team members are:
Ben Reeskamp: Team leader and expert in integrated coastal and marine projects
Job Dronkers: Expert in coastal erosion, has a broad network in the Dutch water sector
and experience in delta countries;
Remark: The involvement of a financial expert was discussed. Considering the elements involved
it was decided that the 2 team members would suffice.
Budget rates
The maximum rates per day are as follows:
Locations Accommodation Other costs
(Euro/day) (Euro/day)
Dakar Max. € 138 Max. € 108
Other locations Max. € 138 Max. € 56
Preambule
DRR-Team
Many countries around the world face severe water threats. Often, these countries are in urgent
need of expert advice on how to prevent a disaster or how to recover from a calamity. For
instance, when a country has been struck by severe flooding and the first emergency relief workers
have gone, the need for advice on how to build a sustainable and safer water future arises.
To meet these needs with a swift response, the Dutch government (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
the Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment) has initiated the Dutch Risk Reduction Team (DRR-
Team). This team of experts advises governments on how to resolve urgent water issues related to
flood risks, water pollution and water supply, to prevent disasters or to rebuild after water related
disasters. The DRR-Team enables a foreign government to take action on the basis of sound advice
and expertise. The DRR-Team is coordinated by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO.nl).
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 31 -Report standards
With regards to the reporting, the following standards are maintained:
The findings and recommendations shall be presented in a reader friendly and professional
manner and may include illustrations and photos;
An electronic version of the final report along with all the relevant annexes;
A summary of the study of maximum 2 pages, which can be used for publication on
websites of EKN and RVO.nl/drrteam.nl;
Representative(s) of the expert team should be available to present the findings during a
(sector) meeting in the Netherlands.
Budget guidelines
The Dutch Water sector has made an agreement with DRR-Team to provide 1/6th part of
the total DRR-Team budget. This means that a discount of 18,51% should be applied on
the tariffs of the consultants.
Each individual expert for this mission is expected to provide an all-inclusive detailed budget
including the fees and expected expenditures in order to conduct this assignment. While presenting
a total budget for this assignment, the following items must be specified:
Curriculum Vitae;
Fees for working days abroad and two travel days for the experts including one days
preparation and one day availability for feedback to the sector after the mission. The team
leader is responsible for the final report and may add two to three days of report writing in
the Netherlands and reporting back to the water sector and one/two extra day for
preparation for the mission.
Expenditures eligible for reimbursement and specified for accommodation and travel
expenditures, based on the schedule of daily subsistence allowance rates (DSA), used by
the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as described in the Terms of Reference.
Other costs.
Administration
Contracting of the experts will be conducted by Netherlands Enterprise Agency. All documents
should be sent to administratiepvw@rvo.nl with a cc to sandra.cats@rvo.nl.
The team members will be selected based on expertise on integrated and adaptive (climate-change
proof) approaches to water related challenges and of water related disciplines relevant to disaster
risk reduction; delta technology, flood control, land reclamation, water supply and sanitation
and/or financing/governance; and business development, and with relevant experience in the
requesting country. Where possible experts already available in the requesting country will be
selected for cost saving purposes.
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 32 -ANNEX D – MISSION PROGRAMME
DATES HEURES ACTIVITES LIEUX PERSONNES A
RENCONTRER
LUNDI 09 h 30 Réunion de Résidence Comité de pilotage
16/03/2015 cadrage Ambassade PAYS-
BAS
11 h 30 Equipe de Projet Résidence Equipe de Projet
Ambassade PAYS-
BAS
15 h 30 Réunion Banque Mondiale Isabelle C. KANE
MARDI 17 09 h 00 Réunion ANAM M. THIOUB et GUEYE
11 h 00 Réunion DELEGATION U.E M.PATRICK REBOUD
10 h Réunion BEI 3, rue Dr M. SAMBA NIANG
MERCREDI Roux Dakar
18 15 h 00 Réunion Wetlands Ibrahima THIAM
JEUDI 19 09 h 00 Réunion Port Autonome de Phare et Balise.
Dakar Directeur Général
VENDREDI 16.00 Réunion Ministère de DEEC: Mariline Diarra
20/03/2015 l’Environnement Et le Directeur du
Cabinet
LUNDI 23 09 h 30 Réunion Gouvernance Gouverneur et le
Préfet
11 h 30 Réunion à l’UGB UGB de St Louis Directeur et
personnes implquées
MARDI 24 9 h 30 Plénière avec les Acteurs Gouvernance Préfet et structures
locaux. impliqués
Présentation par les
experts de la 2e mission
MERCR. 25 Différentes interaction Ambassade and at Banque Mondiale
durant la journée sur the office Isabelle KANE
l’approche
JEUDI 26 11 h 00 Interaction à l’Ambassade Ambassade P.J. Kleiweg
J. Frantzen
P. Chapusette
14 h 00 Interaction à l’ANAM Anam in Dakar DG THIOUB et
GUEYE
Dept DG Achille
GUEYE
VENDR. 27 09 h 30 Réunion de restitution MINISTERE DE LA COMITE DE
Présentation par les PECHE ET DE PILOTAGE
experts de la 2e mission L’ECONOMIE
MARITIME
15.00 Debriefing Résidence de Ambassador : P.J.
l’Ambassadeur des Kleiweg
Pays-Bas Dept. Ambassador :
J. Frantzen
Economic Affairs: P.
Chapusette
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 33 -ANNEX E – DOCUMENTS COLLECTED
A large number of documents were provided to and collected by the experts as a
preparation for the field trip missions. The documents provided and collected
are:
1. EGIS report November 2012: « Etude économique et spatiale de la
vulnérabilité et de l’adaptation des zones côtières aux changements
climatiques au Sénégal »
2. Arcadis Report 2010: « Quelques Considérations sur les Conséquences de
l’Eau et du Changement Climatique – St. Louis, Sénégal »
3. Study report of necessary actions after a flooding catastrophy –
WB/UNDP/EU Report July 2014 :French Title « Le Relèvement et la
Reconstruction à partir de 2009 - Etude de case pour le Cadre de
relèvement post catastrophe »
4. Presentation Wetlands 25/09/2014: Urban Resilience and Green
Infrastructure – Planning for a Sustainable City in St Louis.
5. Bathymetric map St Louis area 1977 (« Carte sédimento fonds marins
Saint-Louis »)
2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 34 -ANNEX F – ILLUSTRATIONS ACTIONS 2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 35 -
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ANNEX G – TERMS OF REFERENCE GEO-TUBES Remark: After arrival in Senegal the experts found out the DEEC already issued a Term of Reference and Request for Proposal for the geotubes study. The draft ToR brought to Senegal has thus not been used. For information purposes in is enclosed in this appendix, CLAUSES TECHNIQUES GEO-TUBES ETUDE PROTECTION DU VILLAGE DE PILOTE BAR CONTRE L’EROSION Objet : Étude préparatoire à la pose de géo-tubes pour protéger le village de Pilote Bar contre l’érosion. Rendus : 1. Rapport : Étude technique pour déterminer les dimensions requises des géo- tubes et leur positionnement; 2. Rapport : Avant-projet de la protection contre l’érosion par pose de géo- tubes ; 3. Une estimation instruite du coût de réalisation ; 4. Cahier de charges techniques pour le prestataire de la mise en œuvre. Maître d’Ouvrage Le projet sera réalisé sous la responsabilité de l’Agence Nationale des Affaires Maritimes (ANAM) du Sénégal (à vérifier). Comité de pilotage L’ANAM a mis en place un comité de pilotage dans lequel les départements et les services de l’État Sénégalais concernés sont représentés (rôle à préciser). 2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 52 -
Description de la problématique Suite à la menace d’inondation de Saint-Louis en 2004 par une grande crue du fleuve Sénégal, une percée de la langue de Barbarie a été réalisée, dans le but de diminuer le niveau de la crue. Cette percée s’est élargie dans les années suivantes. En 2013, la largeur de la brèche mesurait près de 5 km. La large ouverture de la brèche ouvre l’ancienne rive du fleuve Sénégal à l’attaque des vagues marines. Ceci a entraîné une érosion importante de cette rive. Le village de Doun Baba Dieye, qui était situé face à la brèche, a disparu dans la mer en 2012. La brèche s’élargit vers le sud. De ce fait, de nouvelles parties de la rive se trouvent actuellement sous l’attaque des vagues. Le village de Pilote Bar est le plus menacé. Quelques maisons proches du rivage ont déjà été détruites. Pour enrayer l’érosion, le gouvernement Sénégalais a décidé de réaliser des mesures de protection. Ces mesures consistent à faire poser des géotubes le long de la rive la plus menacée. En même temps que certaines parties de la rive sont érodées, d’autres parties sont ensablées. Il semble que les sables, qui autrefois constituaient la langue de Barbarie, migrent en partie vers la rive sous l’effet des vagues et des courants. Les parties de la rive érodées et ensablées se déplacent vers le sud, en même temps que la brèche se déplace vers le sud. Ceci mène à supposer que la situation actuelle n’est pas définitive. On peut penser que les parties qui subissent actuellement de l’érosion, recevront un apport naturel de sable dans l’avenir. Un tel scénario se produit en ce moment à Doun Baba Dieye. Par conséquent, les mesures de protection devront être conçues pour une période limitée. Cette période ne dépassera probablement une dizaine d’années. Le littoral menacé par l’érosion La partie de la rive actuellement la plus menacée se situe au niveau du village de Pilote Bar. Cette partie de la rive est indiquée dans la figure 1 ci-dessous. Elle est sableuse et s’étend sur une longueur de 1500 m environ. La figure 2 montre la situation de Pilote Barre par rapport à la brèche. 2nd DRR-Team Mission Senegal – Coastal Breach St Louis Date: 15 05 2015 - 53 -
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