4D WORKFLOW WITHIN TOTAL GROUP - Henri HOULLEVIGUE, Christian HUBANS - ANP
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© Marc Roussel / Total 4D WORKFLOW WITHIN TOTAL GROUP Henri HOULLEVIGUE, Christian HUBANS
OUTLINES ● 4D seismic introduction ● TOTAL workflows - 4D Feasibility studies - 4D workflow ● Conclusions ● Questions ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue 2
4D SEISMIC INTRODUCTION
3
THE “AFRICAN SUNSET” “4D” EXPERIMENT Image at time 1 : Base Image at time 2 : Monitor 4ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL grou » H. Houllevigue
THE “AFRICAN SUNSET” “4D” EXPERIMENT
4D image difference
Difference
Difference Without Noise
• « 4D » is a term defining successive 1D (VSP), 2D or 3D seismic experiments
• The quality of a 4D result is limited to the quality of the baseline survey (since the
monitor survey is often of better quality)
• 4D is based on a physical measure depicting complex processes, physical measure
having its own limits…
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue
4D WORKFLOWS WITHIN TOTAL
6
4D TOTAL WORKFLOW
STATISTICAL CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION PROFILES
1000
MIN
900 q10
q20
800
q30
RECOVERABLE RESERVES .
700 q40
q50
600 q60
q70
500
q80
400 q90
MAX
300
200
100
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
TIME (YEARS)
4D
4D
4D warping & 4D integration 4D History
4D feasibility acquisition &
inversion interpretation into Match
processing
geomodels
•4D Rock Physic Model: to compute density and
velocity variations according to a description a rock,
fluids and production phenomena.
• 4D signal feasibility: to compute 4D signal (dV/V,
time shifts, amplitude changes) related to production
phenomena.
•4D acquisition feasibility: to assess the best design
for the best 4D repeatability.
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue
4D feasibility
4D SEISMIC FEASIBILITY
Building a realistic
A priori seismic Fullwave modelling
acquisition
Petroelastics overburden
design
ΔIp vs ΔIs T12-T0
100
Delta IS
0
-100
-100 0 100
Rock Physics Model : Regular « elastic » Seismic
(VP, VS, ρ)=f(petrophy)
Delta IP Synthetic seismic
Petroelastic grid modelling (2D pre-processing
behaviour analysis (VP, VS, ρB) fullwave)
Convolutional
Fullwave
Baseline seismic Baseline seismic
Reservoir grid Multi 1D
(Φe, NTG, Swe, « Elastic » grid convolutional
Soil, Sgas, pressure) (VP, VS, ρ) modelling
Monitor seismic Monitor seismic
Amp Base
Amp 4D
4D signal
analysis &
noise 4D Attributes
Main workflow integration Analysis
(Envelope 4D,
Time shift, NRMS)
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue
M4S1 DYNAMIC ROCK PHYSICS MODEL
Core
measures
Impact of
DP on
velocities
J_PHISWE_1 J_VP_4
In situ
1 G/C3 0 2.4 M/S 2.7
VCL_1 F_VP_1
DEPTH 0 V/V 1 2.4 M/S 2.7 DEPTH
METRES METRES
PHIE_1 O_VP_1
1 V/V 0 2.4 KM/S 2.7
600 600
time lapse
velocity
measures
Dynamic
Static RPM
RPM field & seismic
monitoring
Thermo
dynamics
Impact of
DSw on
velocities
Gassman’s
theory
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue
4D feasibility
Example of 4D seismic feasibility in carbonates
Zoom on the water outbreak on carbonate reservoir
SOUTH Oil saturation, 2002 NORTH 100%
0%
Δ Oil saturation, 2007-2002
-70%
0%
Time
Seismic FW modelling, 2002, Fullstack
10000
-10000
Seismic difference after warping, 2007-2002, Fullstack 500
-500
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue4D TOTAL WORKFLOW
STATISTICAL CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION PROFILES
1000
MIN
900 q10
q20
800
q30
RECOVERABLE RESERVES .
700 q40
q50
600 q60
q70
500
q80
400 q90
MAX
300
200
100
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
TIME (YEARS)
4D
4D
4D warping & 4D integration 4D History
4D feasibility acquisition &
inversion interpretation into Match
processing
geomodels
•4D inversions algorithms deliver 4D attributes useful
for volumetric interpretation and their integration in
geomodel.
• 4D Warping: 4D inversion of base and monitors with
no a priori model which delivers 4D DV/V, time shift
and warped monitor (short process: 1 month).
• 4D impedance inversion: 4D inversion of base and
monitor with an a priori model which delivers dIp/Ip
and dIs/Is (long process: 6 months).
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. HoullevigueSTACKED RESERVOIR EFFECT
B99 M08 4D Difference
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue4D PSEUDO-IMPEDANCES AFTER CROSSCORR WARPING
Producer well
GR+Completion logs
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue4D DVP/VP FROM TOTAL’S WARPING : L.F. CONTENT !
Producer well
TimeShift AND reflectivity simultaneous inversion !
GR+Completion logs
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue4D TOTAL WORKFLOW
STATISTICAL CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION PROFILES
1000
MIN
900 q10
q20
800
q30
RECOVERABLE RESERVES .
700 q40
q50
600 q60
q70
500
q80
400 q90
MAX
300
200
100
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
TIME (YEARS)
4D
4D
4D warping & 4D integration 4D History
4D feasibility acquisition &
inversion interpretation into Match
processing
geomodels
• 4D interpretation
• Choice of best attributes to use for 4D
interpretation (time shift, 4D dV/V, amplitude
differences).
• Perform 4D composite maps containing all 2G&R
information: 4D, AE maps, wells info, etc.
• Several methodologies of interpretation exist:
picking of seismic horizons, 4D boundaries and 4D
geobodies (3D envelope of 4D attribute changes).
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue4D INTERNAL & INTEGRATED SOFTWARE TOOL SISMAGE
SISMAGE 4D tool box
4D QC
4D inversion
4D QC & Post
4D interpretation in processing of
4D seismic
volumetry & multi-cube cubes
4D calibration 4D anomalies
4D warping (time
realignement of
upscaling inside monitor seismic
4D seismic modelling reservoir grids cubes and dV
inversion)
from wells & reservoir
grids
4D petroelastical
modelling 4D calibration using 4D interpretation
PEM and seismic
using 2G&R
4D upscaling inside modelling (4D
information
quantitative)
reservoir model
4D comparison with
geology and reservoir
grids (qualitative
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. comparison)
HoullevigueDIFFERENT ATTRIBUTES FOR 4D
INTERPRETATION Time shift in ms Amplitude difference
Seismic attributes must
be tested:
> dV/V attribute issued from
warping
> Monitor – base seismic
amplitude
Difference of amplitude envelopes Difference of pseudo impedances
> Monitor – base envelopes
> Time shift attribute
> dIp/Ip (Ip monitor – Ip base)
No magic attribute !
But different ways to
detect production
phenomena.
dV/V dIp/Ip
Related to Seismic
quality...S/N...etc
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL grou » H. Houllevigue4D WELL CALIBRATION
3G calibration template for 4D and reservoir consistency
Geological data: GR, Facies, Resistivity, Neutron/Density
Geophysical data: sonic and synthetic data, base amplitude trace, monitor
amplitude trace, RMS amplitude difference, dV/V attribute, dIp/Ip
Reservoir data: Delta Sw, delta Sg, Delta P coming from Eclipse reservoir
simulation.
Geology Seismic Reservoir Model
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL grou » H. Houllevigue4D COMPOSITE MAPS
Creation of composite maps with all useful interpretation than can be
shared by 3G people
With Wells Development, Fault boundaries,
AE map and OWC@2255mss With 4D Full Proc. DV/V Signed ABS max
-10%
GAS
presence
P25
Bsw=10%
GOR=69
Dp =-25b DV/V 0
Bsw=7%
Cx4
AE 6 Erosive-constructive channel fill & P15 GOR=77 P15
lateral accretion - NTG 60-70-90% Cx3Upper
Dp =-27b
AE 4 Very sandy levee & channel margin - P28 Cx3Lower P28 Water
+10%
NTG 30-40-60%
presence
Complex2
AE 3 Poorly sandy levee - NTG 5-15-30%
AE 2 Shaly silty levee - NTG 0-2-5%
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue4D INTERPRETATION TROUGH GEOBODIES TECHNIQUE
4D geobodies propagators were developped in SISMAGE
Water injector 4D Water injector 4D
geobody seismic scale geobody geomodel scale
Water injector Water injector
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL grou » H. Houllevigue4D & 3D INTERPRETATION: WATER INJECTION EFFICIENCY
P25
W26
Geobodies are picked on dV/V cube then
checked onXsection
checked on seismic facies
W19
P06 used to interpret water path…
P15
north Seismic bandwidth P impedance south
P06 W19
P28
P15
dVp/Vp attribute
P06 W19
P15
geobodies
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL grou » H. Houllevigue4D Total workflow
STATISTICAL CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION PROFILES
1000
MIN
900 q10
q20
800
q30
RECOVERABLE RESERVES .
700 q40
q50
600 q60
q70
500
q80
400 q90
MAX
300
200
100
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
TIME (YEARS)
4D
4D
4D warping & 4D integration 4D History
4D feasibility acquisition &
inversion interpretation into Match
processing
geomodels
1- 4D integration for static model update
- Use of 4D for sedimentological model update: facies
maps are compared to 4D extensions and help to
update facies limits.
- Use of 4D as facies modelling guide and for
petrophysical infilling quality control.
2- 4D integration for dynamic model update
- Geological heterogeneities characterization
- Dynamic Aquifer behaviour.
- 4D injected/produced volumes computation.
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. HoullevigueEXAMPLE OF SEDIMENTOLOGICAL MODEL
UPDATE
4D DV/V Initial facies map Revised facies map following 4D info
WI113 Wi113
WI113
P131
P131 P131
Channel axis
Lobe Sandy
Undershoot area – DV/V very noisy
Lobe fringe
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue4D Total workflow
STATISTICAL CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION PROFILES
1000
MIN
900 q10
q20
800
q30
RECOVERABLE RESERVES .
700 q40
q50
600 q60
q70
500
q80
400 q90
MAX
300
200
100
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
TIME (YEARS)
4D
4D
4D warping & 4D integration 4D History
4D feasibility acquisition &
inversion interpretation into Match
processing
geomodels
1- 4D seismic integration for ‘dynamic synthesis’
4D geobodies compute the injection split per complex
for co-mingled injectors
integration with well monitoring data
2- 4D seismic derived indicators for History Matching
From 4D ‘water injection’, ‘gas ex-solution’ and ‘WOC rise’
geobodies can be input to the simulation models to
compute ‘4D seismic vs. simulation’ mismatch indicators.
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue4D AS A SEISMIC PLT
Start of injection : Nov. 07 4D DVp/Vp
PLT performed in Feb. 09
-8%
C2BL W26
C2BL 36%
C1
27% B2 spill
C1
B2 spill 27%
A3 res
A0 res
A3 res
10%
A0 res
Screens +8%
4D shows than there is no injection in A3+A0
reservoirs which have 40% of net sand
PLT data shows water injected at one instantaneous moment
4D shows water injected over a longer period (in qualitative way)
Both measurements should not be in disagreement, 4D can shows wells or reservoir evolution through time
In wells without PLT information, 4D should help understanding water injectivity.
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. HoullevigueCONCLUSIONS
● 4D seismic is now a proved and valuable technique.
● TOTAL considers 4Dseismic mandatory in new field development.
● TOTAL has a large and wide experience in 4D seismic :
- Acquisition & Processing team with various experiences looking for cost
adapted solution and target adapted solution.
- Various TOTAL’s Interpretation workflows :
• from fast track route to detailed quantitative interpretation and History Match
- 4D Feasibility studies and 4D pilot.
● TOTAL specific in-house tools. (Processing,Warping, well tie, H.M...)
● TOTAL is organized for true transverse interpretation through
Transverse team and common workstation.
● 4D seismic is THE TOOL to detect unexpected phenomena on a field
- But this request large collaboration 2G&R, + petrophysicist, geomechanics,
PVT...etc..
ANP seminar 23-24 March 2017 : « 4D workflow within TOTAL group » H. Houllevigue 26DISCLAIMER and COPYRIGHT RESERVATION The TOTAL GROUP is defined as TOTAL S.A. and its affiliates and shall include the person and the entity making the presentation. Disclaimer This presentation may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, business, strategy and plans of TOTAL GROUP that are subject to risk factors and uncertainties caused by changes in, without limitation, technological development and innovation, supply sources, legal framework, market conditions, political or economic events. TOTAL GROUP does not assume any obligation to update publicly any forward- looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Further information on factors which could affect the company’s financial results is provided in documents filed by TOTAL GROUP with the French Autorité des Marchés Financiers and the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, no reliance may be placed on the accuracy or correctness of any such statements. Copyright All rights are reserved and all material in this presentation may not be reproduced without the express written permission of the TOTAL GROUP.
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