A FIRST IN 150 YEARS: HIGHLIGHTS FROM A HISTORIC MEETING - JUNE 2021 jom.tms.org An official publication of The Minerals, Metals & Materials ...
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JUNE 2021
jom.tms.org
An official publication of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
A FIRST IN 150 YEARS: HIGHLIGHTS FROM A HISTORIC MEETING
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force
Table of Contents
JO
About the Cover
The cover image for this issue depicts a collage of
screenshots taken from technical presentations, networking
events, and awards ceremonies held during the TMS 2021
5700 Corporate Drive Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition (TMS2021 Virtual),
Suite 750 held March 15-18, 2021. Three articles in this issue present
Pittsburgh, PA 15237 just some of the many highlights of this historic meeting—
USA the first fully virtual installment of the TMS annual meeting
Phone: 1-724-776-9000 and the 150th anniversary meeting of TMS and the
Web: jom.tms.org American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum
E-Mail: membership@tms.org Engineers (AIME), TMS’s parent organization.
Publisher for TMS
James J. Robinson,
Executive Director
Operations
Management
Matt Baker,
Department Head, Content June 2021 Guest Editors
JOM: The Journal 100 Years of the Griffith Fracture Criteria Processing-Microstructure-Property
Justin Scott, Nanomechanical Materials Behavior; Relationships in Additive Manufacturing
Principal Editor; Department Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee of Ti Alloys
Head, Research, Engagement, Megan Cordill, Erich Schmid Institute Titanium Committee
Data, and Information of Materials Science Rongpei Shi, Lawrence Livermore National
Maureen Byko, Jennifer Carter, Case Western Reserve University Laboratory
Editor Michael Gram, Titanium Metals Corporation
Advances in Process Metallurgy Yufeng Zheng, University of Nevada-Reno
Kelly Markel, Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy Committee
Publications Coordinator Hong (Marco) Peng, University of Queensland Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary
JOM: The Magazine Kerstin Forsberg, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Resources
Lynne Robinson, Pyrometallurgy Committee
Multiscale Experiments and Modeling in M Akbar Rhamdhani, Swinburne University
Department Head, Strategic Biomaterials and Biological Materials
Communications and Outreach of Technology
Biomaterials Committee Stuart Nicol, Glencore Technology
Kaitlin Calva, Jing Du, Penn State University
Magazine Managing Editor Dinesh Katti, North Dakota State University
Cheryl M. Geier, Hendrik Heinz, University of Colorado Boulder
Senior Graphic Designer
About JOM:
Contributing Writers The scope of JOM (ISSN 1047-4838) encompasses publicizing news about TMS and its members and
Ashley-Anne Bohnert,
stakeholder communities while publishing meaningful peer-reviewed materials science and engineering content.
Outreach and External
Communications Lead That content includes groundbreaking laboratory discoveries, the effective transition of science into technology,
innovative industrial and manufacturing developments, resource and supply chain issues, improvement and
Megan Enright,
innovation in processing and fabrication, and life-cycle and sustainability practices. In fulfilling this scope, JOM
Promotions and Editorial Assistant
strives to balance the interests of the laboratory and the marketplace by reporting academic, industrial, and
Ann Ritchie, government-sponsored work from around the world.
Technical Communications
Specialist About TMS:
Kelly Zappas, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) is a professional organization that encompasses the entire range
Membership News and of materials and engineering, from minerals processing and primary metals production to basic research and the
Communications Lead advanced applications of materials.
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I’VE SPECIALIZED
FOR 42 YEARS
in the placement of Metallurgical,
Materials, and Welding Engineers in
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Table of Contents
JO table of contents
Volume 73
Number 6
June 2021
JOM: THE MAGAZINE
1553: In the Final Analysis: James J. Robinson 1563:
Keynotes and Featured Talks at TMS2021
1554: TMS Member News: Material Advantage VIRTUAL: Kelly Zappas, Ann Ritchie,
Member Receives Georgia Tech Honors; and Kaitlin Calva
Discover Member Benefits from TMS; 1569:
Networking Events and Awards
Welcome New Members Ceremonies at TMS2021 VIRTUAL:
1558: In Case You Missed It: Business News Kelly Zappas, Ann Ritchie, and Kaitlin Calva
from the Field 1574:
A Multitude of Thanks for the TMS
1559: TMS2021 VIRTUAL: A First After 150 Foundation Donors: Kaitlin Calva
Years: Kelly Zappas 1576:
TMS Meeting Headlines
1577:
JOM Call for Papers
JOM: THE JOURNAL
100 Years of the Griffith Fracture Criteria
1579: Griffith’s Legacy to Alloy Design and 1597: Energy Release Rate Formulations
Beyond: W. W. Gerberich, M. J. Cordill, for Non-conventional Fracture Test
and J. W. Carter Geometries: Tejas S. Chaudhari,
1582: Basal Plane Delamination Energy Nidhin G. Mathews, Ashwini K. Mishra,
Measurement in a Ti3SiC2 MAX Phase: Hrushikesh P. Sahasrabuddhe,
Oriol Gavalda-Diaz, Jack Lyons, and B. Nagamani Jaya
Siyang Wang, Max Emmanuel, 1607: Impacts of Mode Mixity on Controlled
Katharina Marquardt, Eduardo Saiz, Spalling of (100)-Oriented Germanium:
and Finn Giuliani Jie Chen, Jason Chenenko,
1589: Fracture Energy Measurement of and Corinne E. Packard
Prismatic Plane and Σ2 Boundary in 1617: Effect of Ion Irradiation on
Cemented Carbide: Max Emmanuel, Nanoindentation Fracture and
Oriol Gavalda-Diaz, Giorgio Sernicola, Deformation in Silicon Carbide:
Rachid M’saoubi, Tomas Persson, Alexander J. Leide, Richard I. Todd,
Susanne Norgren, Katharina Marquardt, and David E. J. Armstrong
T. Ben Britton, and Finn Giuliani
Advances in Process Metallurgy
1629: Advances in Process Metallurgy: 1637: Structural Characteristics of
Hong Peng and Kerstin Forsberg CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO Slag with Various
FeO Contents Based on Molecular
1631: Electrochemical Decomposition of CO2
Dynamics Simulations: Shufang Ma,
in a Fluoride Melt: Fengguo Liu, Aimin Liu,
Kejiang Li, Jianliang Zhang, Chunhe Jiang,
Xianwei Hu, Zhaowen Wang,
Minmin Sun, Hongtao Li, Ziming Wang, and
and Zhongning Shi
Zhisheng Bi
Table of Contents
1646: The Refining Mechanism of ZrO2-Doped 1661: Modeling and Simulation of Goethite
Molybdenum Powder During the Process for Removal of Iron from Zinc
Reduction Process: Chaopeng Cui Leaching Solution: Tianxiang Nan,
and Xiangwei Zhu Jianguang Yang, Weizhi Zeng,
Chaobo Tang, and Qingcheng Hu
1652: Use of Phytic Acid for the Removal of
Iron in Hot Acidic Leachate from Zinc
Hydrometallurgy: Julien Comel, Eric Meux,
Nathalie Leclerc, Sebastien Diliberto,
Philippe Pierrat, and Herve Muhr
Multiscale Experiments and Modeling in Biomaterials and Biological Materials
1673: Multiscale Experiments and Modeling in 1723: Recent Studies in Mechanical Properties
Biomaterials and Biological Materials, of Selected Hard-Shelled Seeds:
Part I: Jing Du, Dinesh Katti, A Review: Fen Du and Ting Tan
and Hendrik Heinz
1736: Biotemplating of a Highly Porous
1676: Multiscale Mechanics of Eggshell and Cellulose–Silica Composite from
Shell Membrane: Michelle L. Oyen Apium graveolens by a Low-Toxicity
Sol–Gel Technique: Max Mroz,
1684: Differences in Interactions Within Viral
Muhammad Ali, Jerry Howard,
Replication Complexes of SARS-CoV-2
Krista Carlson, and Steven E. Naleway
(COVID-19) and SARS-CoV Coronaviruses
Control RNA Replication Ability: 1745: Fabrication and Characterization of
H. M. Nasrullah Faisal, Kalpana S. Katti, Sr-doped Hydroxyapatite Porous Scaffold:
and Dinesh R. Katti Ke Li, Shuiyuan Li, Fanrong Ai, Jinchao Yan,
and Kui Zhou
1696: Minimal Amelogenin Domain for Enamel
Formation: Shuhui Geng, Yaping Lei, 1754: The Role of Recrystallization and Local
and Malcolm L. Snead Misorientation on the Biodegradation
Behavior of Mg: Iniobong Etim, Wen Zhang,
1705: In Situ Observation of Fracture Behavior
Tianyi Liu, Hongyang Zhao, Lili Tan,
of Bamboo Culm: Linhua Zou
and Ke Yang
and Xiaodong Li
1765: Novel Architected Material for Cardiac
1714: Optimal Design for Higher Resistance to
Patches: Juan Sebastian Rincon Tabares,
Thermal Impulse: A Lesson Learned from
Juan Camilo Velásquez, Hayden Bilbo,
the Shells of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal-Vent
Hai-Chao Han, and David Restrepo
Snails: Anran Wei, Ding Yuan,
Bingzhi He, Yujie Xie, Andre E. Vellwock, 1774: Joining of Advance Engineering
Jin Sun, and Haimin Yao Thermoplastic Using Novel Self-Heated
FSW Tool: Rahul Kanti Nath, Pabitra Maji,
and John Deb Barma
Processing-Microstructure-Property Relationships in Additive
Manufacturing of Ti Alloys
1786: Microstructure and Texture of 1804: A Review on Additive Manufacturing
Thin-Walled Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Seamless of Titanium Alloys for Aerospace
Tubing Manufactured by Cold-Rotary Applications: Directed Energy Deposition
Swaging: Lihong Yuan, Wenrui Wang, and Beyond Ti-6Al-4V: Zhiying Liu, Bei He,
Mengyao Yang, Yun Li, Hao Zhang, Tianyi Lyu, and Yu Zou
Hui Zhang, and Wangfeng Zhang 1819: Influence of Process Parameters on
1795: Three-Dimensional Characterization of Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of
Selective Laser Melted Graphene DED-Processed Biomedical
Oxide-Reinforced Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Alloy: Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Alloy:
Xing Zhang, Dian Li, Yiliang Liao, Mohan Sai Kiran Kumar Yadav Nartu,
and Yufeng Zheng David Flannery, Sangram Mazumder,
Srinivas A. Mantri, Sameehan S. Joshi,
Aditya V. Ayyagari, Brandon McWilliams,
Kyu Cho, Narendra B. Dahotre,
and Rajarshi Banerjee
Table of Contents
Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary Resources
1828: Microwave-Based Approach to 1899: Implications of Direct Use of Slag from
Recovering Zinc from Electric Arc Ironmaking Processes as Molten Oxide
Furnace Dust Using Silicon Powder Electrolyte: Samuel Martín-Treceño,
as a Non-carbonaceous Reductant: Antoine Allanore, Catherine M. Bishop,
Nobuyuki Mizuno, Shoki Kosai, Aaron T. Marshall, and Matthew J. Watson
and Eiji Yamasue
1909: Influence of Industrial Wastes
1836: Extraction of Sc from Sc-Bearing V–Ti and Different Fluxes on Hot Metal
Magnetite Tailings: Junhui Xiao, Kai Zou, Desulfurization Efficiency:
Tao Chen, Yang Peng, Wei Ding, Elton Volkers do Espírito Santo,
Jinhua Chen, Bing Deng, Hong Li, Silas Gambarine Soares,
and Zhen Wang Heitor Cristo Clem de Oliveira,
Eduardo Junca, Felipe Fardin Grillo,
1845: Modification of Phosphorous Enrichment
and José Roberto de Oliveira
Behaviours in Steelmaking Slags Based
on Phase Transformations: Yongqi Sun, 1919: Clean Preparation of High-Purity Silicon
Mao Chen, Xiaodong Ma, Zhixing Zhao, from Rice Husk Ash by a Modified
Tim Evans, and Baojun Zhao Metallurgical Method: Jian Kong,
Donghui Wei, Pengfei Xing, Yanxin Zhuang,
1853: Thermodynamic and Experimental
Xing Jin, and Kaikai Ye
Analyses of the Carbothermic Reduction
of Tungsten Slag: Chunfa Liao, Sui Xie, 1928: Thermal Concentration of Nickeliferous
Xu Wang, Baojun Zhao, Boqing Cai, Pyrrhotite Concentrate for Nickel
and Lianghui Wang Recovery Using Metallic Iron:
Thermodynamic Assessments and
1861: Recovery of Zinc and Lead from Copper
Effects of Process Variables: Feng Liu,
Smelting Slags by Chlorination Roasting:
Dawei Yu, Sam Marcuson,
Xueyi Guo, Beikai Zhang, Qinmeng Wang,
and Mansoor Barati
Zhongchen Li, and Qinghua Tian
1937: Harmless Treatment and Valuable Metals
1871: Solubility of Palladium in Alumina-Iron
Recovery of Tungsten Leaching Residues:
Silicate Melts: Katri Avarmaa,
A Thermodynamic and Experimental
Lassi Klemettinen, Hugh O’Brien,
Study: Kun Su, Xiaodong Ma,
Ari Jokilaakso, Daniel Lindberg,
and Baojun Zhao
and Pekka Taskinen
1947: Thermodynamic Analysis and Reaction of
1878: Synthesis of Value-Added Ferrous
Co3O4 Powder with Pyrolytic Gas Derived
Material from Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
from Waste Tires With and Without Waste
Slag and Spent Coffee Grounds:
Polyethylene: M. Cumbul Altay
Smitirupa Biswal, Farshid Pahlevani,
and S. Eroglu
and Veena Sahajwalla
1957: Using Chlorine Gas to Recover Rare
1889: Phase Equilibria Study of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-
Earth Metals from End-of-Life Permanent
Na2O Slags for Smelting Waste Printed
Magnets: Valery Kaplan, Ellen Wachtel,
Circuit Boards: Md Khairul Islam,
Konstantin Gartsman, Yishay Feldman,
Michael Somerville, Mark I. Pownceby,
Kyoung-Tae Park, and Igor Lubomirsky
James Tardio, Nawshad Haque,
and Suresh Bhargava
Technical Articles Corrections
1966: Microstructure and Thickness Effects 1987: Correction to: Microstructure and Thickness
on Impact Behavior and Separation Effects on Impact Behavior and Separation
Formation in X70 Pipeline Steel: Formation in X70 Pipeline Steel:
Emily B. Mitchell, Enrico Lucon, Emily B. Mitchell, Enrico Lucon, Laurie E. Collins,
Laurie E. Collins, Amy J. Clarke, Amy J. Clarke, and Kester D. Clarke
and Kester D. Clarke 1988: Correction to: Peculiarities of Intermetallic
1978: Electrochemical Dissolution Behaviors Phase Formation in the Process of a Solid
of Scrap Superalloys in Different State Reaction in (Al/Cu)n Multilayer Thin
Electrolytes: Long Wang, Shi-yang Wang, Films: Evgeny T. Moiseenko, Sergey M. Zharkov,
Zeng-yi Song, Yuan Sun, Yi-zhou Zhou, Roman R. Altunin, Oleg V. Belousov,
Xiao-yao Pei, and Hong-yu Zhang Leonid A. Solovyov, Vladimir V. Yumashev,
Mikhail N. Volochaev, and Galina M. Zeer
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Table of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04720-z
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1
Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
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“When I’m on the couch, I usually have the TV on and my MacBook Air nearby.
JO Volume 73
And sometimes, when my ADD is really kicking in, I have my iPad too. And my iPhone.
And a magazine that I haven’t gotten to. And a book under the pillow to my left.” Number 6
— Aubrey Plaza
June 2021
Print or digital, we love to read, but the way that we read has changed a lot over the 37 years
since I was hired by TMS to work on the Journal of Metals. A lot about JOM has changed as
well . . . we had a name change, we migrated from analog to digital production, we designed a
content-rich website for the journal and then modernized, re-modernized, and re-modernized
that site, we ceased in-house publishing and partnered with Springer to put every issue of JOM
within a few-clicks of every corner of the planet, and we went from monthly mailings of issues
with an average of 72 pages to issues with an average of a few hundred pages. JOM has gone
from a feature-rich newsstand magazine format to a predominantly scholarly journal format.
This shift of focus over time is partially attributable to our partnership with Springer, to the
growing necessity in the professional community to publish, to the hard work of countless
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JOM has evolved into a very desirable journal in which to publish. It brings both prestige
and revenue to TMS, but I grant that the heavy shift to a focus on technical papers means that James J. Robinson
JOMPD\QRWKDYHDVPXFKÀDYRUHFFHQWULFLW\HQJDJHDELOLW\RUMHQHVDLVTXRLDVLWXVHGWR Executive Director
9ROXQWHHUOHDGHUVKLSDQGVWD൵VHHDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRFRQWLQXHJOM’s evolution. So, starting
with next month’s July 2021 issue, we will begin a six-month transition in publishing formats @JJRofTMS
GHVLJQHGWRKHOSXVUHWDLQWKHEHQH¿WVRIWKHFXUUHQWSXEOLFDWLRQZKLOHSURYLGLQJPHPEHUV
a “touch of TMS” via a revamped publication format and delivery model. We believe that
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Scoop One: As of next month’s issue, we are no longer printing and mailing copies of JOM
DVDPHPEHUEHQH¿W:RZ7KDWVRXQGVOLNHELJQHZVEXWLWLVQRW5HDOO\2QO\DERXW “Volunteer
of TMS members eligible to have JOM mailed to them are actually receiving print copies. leadership and
The great majority of members are “opting out” of receiving the print mailing with the vast
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majority of accesses to JOM being either through SpringerLink access or through the TMS
website. Why the diminishing interest in print? Lots of reasons, notably we are becoming opportunity to
a community of e-readers and downloaders. Compound that with JOM’s tendency to land continue JOM’s
in mailboxes with the heft and subtlety of a cement block. The average issue has about 40
technical papers. Printing and mailing these issues is neither reader nor carbon friendly. evolution. So,
Objectively, papers are available earlier online than in print, are searchable as PDFs, and are starting with next
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papers also mean that the 40 or so pages of compelling TMS member news and features month’s July 2021
contained within the “Magazine” section are easy to overlook. So, . . . issue, we will
Scoop Two: While the full JOM (the “Magazine” and the “Journal”) will continue to be begin . . . ”
presented in its monthly entirety on SpringerLink, in January 2022 we will start print delivery
to all professional members of JOM: The Magazine. This excerpt from the larger journal will
continue to showcase Society news, activities, and members while providing features on how
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JOM: The Magazine mailing to be properly sized and engagingly crafted. Most importantly, it
will help keep members connected and involved with our unique TMS membership network
and culture. We are much more than a series of impact factors and transactions.
Is printing and mailing JOM: The Magazine a retro move? I don’t think so. I sense that
actress Aubrey Plaza has it right by characterizing herself, and us by extension, as media
omnivores. There’s a place for JOM on the couch via your tablet, your laptop, your phone,
and as a magazine sitting on your cushion waiting to be opened. There is no favored solution,
only every solution.
1553
Table of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04721-y
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1
Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Material Advantage Member Receives
JO
themagazine
Georgia Tech Honors; Discover Member
Benefits from TMS; Welcome New Members
Lily Tursaski Awarded Engineering Cup from Georgia Tech
Material Advantage member Lily Materials Science and Engineering (MSE)
Turaski, a senior at the Georgia Institute and MSE Peer Partners Organization, and
of Technology (Georgia Tech), was further participates in various outreach
awarded the Davidson Family Tau programs and activities to get local K–12
Beta Pi Senior Engineering Cup, the students interested in science, technology,
highest honor bestowed by Georgia engineering, and math (STEM). Upon
Tech’s College of Engineering. The Cup, graduating, Turaski will begin her Ph.D. in
which recognizes academic excellence, materials science engineering at Stanford
leadership, and service, is supported University, with funding by a fellowship
by the family of Narl Davidson, from the National Science Foundation.
past associate dean at the College of Turaski has been a member of Material
Engineering, and Tau Beta Pi, a national Advantage since 2017, recently serving as
honor society for engineers. her chapter’s vice president. In 2021, she
At Georgia Tech, Turaski is a Stamps received the TMS Functional Materials
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Goldwater Scholarship. She created two ZHOODV¿UVWSODFHLQWKH706%HVW3DSHU
student groups at Georgia Tech, Women in Contest – Undergraduate.
Explore Your Member Benefits
Just for Your TMS membership is a great • Journals: As a TMS member, you
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to graduate or have ODWHVWGHYHORSPHQWVLQ\RXU¿HOGDQG our publishing partner Springer. Log
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plenty of TMS members you’ve archive.
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the cost of membership R൵HULQJVDW\RXUOHLVXUH²DOOIUHHWR with any changes to contact information or
is just $60, half the cost members. technical interests.
of professional member
dues. To apply, fill out
the recent graduate member
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link at www.tms.org
/Membership. Forms submitted by current TMS members will be considered.
can be returned to
members@tms.org.
1554Table of Contents
Material Advantage Member Receives Georgia Tech Honors; Discover Member Benefits
from TMS; Welcome New Members 1555
Make a Commitment to Safety in June
Did you know that June is National JOM preview article
Safety Month, as dedicated by the U.S. about the meeting. “I am
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“I believe that a challenge for most challenges. The United Engineering
industries and companies may be how Foundation, the McElhattan Foundation,
WRH൵HFWLYHO\OHDUQIURPWKHSDVW´VDLG and the National Academies’ Gulf
Roland Moreau, program chair for Research Program have also provided
Safety Congress 2021, in a January 2020 support for the event.
TMS Welcomes New Members
The TMS Board of Directors approved professional membership for the following individuals at
its March 2021 meeting. Please join us in congratulating and welcoming them to all the privileges
and benefits of TMS membership.
Abu-Zahra, Nidal H.; Balazsi, Katalin; Hungarian Bruns, Edward; United States Colligan, Grant T.; United
University of Wisconsin- Academy of Sciences, States
Burciaga-Diaz, Oswaldo;
Milwaukee, United Hungary
Instituto Tecnológico de Coudert, Lucie; Universite
States
Balila, Nagamani Jaya; Saltillo, Mexico du Quebec en Abitibi-
Adams, Thomas; Naval Max Planck Institut für Burke, Michael; Electric Temiscamingue,
Surface Warfare Center, Eisenforschung, India Power Research Institute, Canada
United States United States
Bao, Sarina; SINTEF Dandekar, Yogesh;
Ajantiwalay, Tanvi; United Materials & Chemistry, Campbell, Jeff; Materion, Cummins College of
States Norway United States Engineering for Women
Nagpur, India
Bartles, Dean L.; Carden, Sean; Vesuvius,
Alarifi, Ibrahim M.;
Manufacturing Technology United Kingdom Davis, Robert F.; Carnegie
Majmaah University,
Deployment Group, United Mellon University,
Saudi Arabia Chava, Venkata S.N.; United
States United States
States
Ali, Yahia; University of Bates, Jeffrey S.; University of De Luca, Anthony; EMPA,
Queensland, Australia Chen, Jiang; Australian
Utah, United States National University, Switzerland
Bair, Jacob; Oklahoma Belen-Cordero, Daphne S.; Australia Dechent, Matthias;
State University, United Naval Nuclear Laboratory, Choi, Jungwoo; Samsung Trimet Aluminium SE,
States United States Electronics, South Korea Germany
Balachandran, Anusha; Bolen, Janice; Hatch Ltd., Choi, Sungyeol; KAIST, South Dietrich, Rob; United
United States Canada Korea StatesTable of Contents
1556
Dion-Martin, Olivier; Gu, Wendy; Stanford Kumar, Anil; Los Alamos Ma, Guang; Global Energy
Dynamic Concept, University, United States National Laboratory, Internet Research
Canada United States Institute Co. Ltd., China
Haselhuhn, Amberlee;
Dou, Zhihe; Northeastern General Motors R&D, Labukas, Jospeh P.; Ma, Jie; Shanghai Jiao
University, China United States U.S. Army Research Tong University, China
Laboratory, United States
Durandet, Yvonne C.; Hayamizu, Yuhei; Tokyo Maddalena, Roger;
Swinburne University of Institute of Technology, LaLonde, Aaron D.; U.S. Thermo Fisher
Technology, Australia Japan Army Combat Capabilities Scientific, United States
Holanda, Roseanne Barata; Development Command,
Ekstroem, Kai Erik; United States Magalhaes Pereira Silva,
Norwegian University of SENAI Innovation Institute Patricia F.; SENAI
Science and Technology, for Mineral Technologies, Lam, Stephen; University of Innovation Institute for
Norway Brazil Massachusetts Lowell, Mineral Technology,
Holland, Sharniece; United States Brazil
Elmustafa, Abdelmageed
A.; Old Dominion Washington University in Laurencin, Cato T.; University Mahdi, Mahdi; Hatch Ltd.,
University, United States St. Louis, United States of Connecticut, United Canada
Hong, Jae-Keun; Korea States
Etter, Thomas; Lincotek, Marin-Alvarado, Tanai L.;
Switzerland Institute of Materials Le Beau, Stephen E.;
Science, South Korea XPS, Canada
nanoMAG LLC, United
Ferreira Cardoso, Alice; States Mathew, James; WMG,
SENAI Innovation Huxel, Justin; United States
University of Warwick,
Institute for Mineral Jacobs, Taylor Roth; Lee, Keunho; Agency for
United Kingdom
Technologies, Brazil Los Alamos National Defense Development,
Laboratory, United States South Korea McCarley, Joshua; Illinois
Field, Daniel; CCDC Army Institute of Technology,
Research Laboratory, Jain, Nupur; Brown University, Lee, Kyungtae; United States
United States
United States United States Li, Longfei; University of
Science and Technology McDonald, Stuart;
Franco, Thiago; Companhia Jha, Rajesh; India
Beijing, China University of
Brasileira de Alumínio
Jiang, Quanxin; Delft Queensland, Australia
(CBA), Brazil Li, Ling; Virginia Polytechnic
University of Technology,
Netherlands Institute and State McDonnell, Martin M.; U.S.
Fulton, Lisa; United States
University, United States Army-TARDEC, United
Garrett, Lee; United States Kaczmarek, Peter; NSWC States
Carderock, United States Li, Maxwell P.; Carnegie
Geng, Xiaoxiao; University Mellon University, United McKellar, Michael;
of Science and Kang, Pilgyu; George Mason States University of Idaho,
Technology Beijing, University, United States United States
China Li, Meimei; Argonne National
Kelley, Matthew L.; University Laboratory, United States Melia, Michael A.; Sandia
Gevaudan, Juan Pablo; of South Carolina, United National Laboratories,
Pennsylvania State States Lindvall, Mikael; AFRY,
United States
University, United States Sweden
Khan, Zuhair; National Menon, Nalini C.; Sandia
Glodowski, Robert J.; University of Science & Litrel, Joseph; General
Dynamics Electric Boat, National Laboratories,
RJG Metallurgical LLC, Technology, Pakistan United States
United States United States
Khanikar, Prasenjit; Indian
Institute of Technology Long, Alexander; Los Alamos Metcalfe, Darryl; Hatch
Glover, Alexandra; Los Ltd., United States
Alamos National Guwahati, India National Securities, United
Laboratory, United States Milovanov, Mikhail;
Kim, Hyosim; Los Alamos
States National Laboratory, Lopez Anton, Ricardo; Australia
United States Universidad de Castilla-La Moran, Peter D.; Michigan
Gordon, Jerard; University
Mancha, Spain Technological
of Michigan, United Kim, Jai-woh; U.S.
States Department of Energy, LoVecchio, Paul; United University, United
United States States States
Goswami, Arindom; United
States Kojima, Takayuki; Shinshu Lu, Shenglu; RMIT University, Mostaghel, Sina; SNC-
University Australia Lavalin, Canada
Greytak, Andrew B.;
University of South Krutz, Nicholas; GE Aviation, Lv, Chao; Northeastern Nakajima, Hideo; Osaka
Carolina, United States United States University, China University, JapanTable of Contents
Material Advantage Member Receives Georgia Tech Honors; Discover Member Benefits
from TMS; Welcome New Members 1557
Nell, Johannes; Tronox, Remy, Guillaume; University Smith, Timothy; NASA Glenn Williams, Mark A.;
United States of Warwick, United Research Center, United University of Warwick,
Kingdom States United Kingdom
Nienaber, Maria;
Helmholtz-Zentrum Rezaei, Seyed Emad; So, Lily Lai Chi; Hatch Ltd., Wilson, Paul; The Boeing
Geesthacht, Germany University of Virginia, Canada Company, United
United States States
Niu, Xinrui; City University Sokalski, Vincent M.;
of Hong Kong, Hong Rheinheimer, Wolfgang; Carnegie Mellon Wroblewski, Krzysztof P.;
Kong Julich Research Center, University, United States Wroblewski Consulting,
Germany United States
Nolet, Isabelle; Hatch Ltd., Solis-Ramos, Euripides;
South Africa Rojas, Jessika V.; Virginia United States Xia, Zhenhai; University
Commonwealth University, of North Texas, United
Nomoto, Akiyoshi; Central Sundqvist, Olle; Sandvik States
Research Institute of United States Materials Technology,
Electric Power Industry, Sweden Xiang, Song; Guizhou
Russell, Richard W.; NASA
Japan University, China
Kennedy Space Center, Taller, Stephen; United States
Nowell, Matthew M.; United States Xie, Yi; Purdue University,
Tompa, Gary S.; Structured United States
TexSem Laboratories Sagapuram, Dinakar; Texas Materials Industries Inc.,
Inc., United States A&M University, United United States Xin, Hongliang; Virginia
Okur, Serdal; Structured States Polytechnic Institute
Ukeje, Chukwudike and State University,
Materials Industries Salloum, Maher; Sandia Chukwunenye; Nigeria
Inc., United States United States
National Laboratories, Ullah, Asad; Karakoram
Ouyang, Bin; United United States Xue, Weihua; Liaoning
International University, Technical University,
States Pakistan
Sanders, John W.; California China
Pambianchi, Michael State University Fullerton, Uno, Masayoshi; University of
United States Yacoubian, Araz; LER
Scott; Industrion, United Fukui, Japan Technologies Inc.;
States
Sapochak, Linda S.; National Vilaca do Carmo, Andre Luiz; United States
Panetta, Paul; Applied Science Foundation, SENAI Innovation Institute Yadav, Shwetabh; Texas
Research Associates, United States for Mineral Technologies, A&M University, United
United States Brazil States
Sayer, Aaron B.; Materion
Pascucci, Marina R.; Brush Beryllium and Vubangsi, Mercel; The Yang, Junjie; New Jersey
CeraNova Corporation, Composites, United States University of Bamenda, Institute of Technology,
United States Cameroon United States
Schultz, Bradley M.; TE
Patki, Priyam; University of Connectivity, United States Wakabayashi, Hideki; Japan Yang, Shu; University of
Michigan, United States Pennsylvania, United
Secord, Mick; Polyonics Inc., Walters, Carey; Delft
Peters, David; United United States University of Technology, States
States Netherlands Yoo, Yung Suk; University
Serafeim, Alexandros; RWTH,
Phanikumar, Gandham; Wang, Shuai; Southern of Michigan, United
Germany
Indian Institute of University of Science and States
Technology Madras, Shigeyama, Haruhisa; Central Technology, China Yu, Dawei; Central South
India Research Institute of University, China
Electric Power Industry, Wang, Hao; University of
Pikul, James H.; University Japan Science and Technology Zell, Elizabeth; Idaho
of Pennsylvania, United Beijing, China National Laboratory,
States Singh, Sudhanshu Shekhar; United States
Indian Institute of Westraadt, Johan; Nelson
Pol, Vilas; Purdue Technology Kanpur, India Mandela University, South Zhang, Jianjing; Capitech
University, United Africa Venture Capital Co.
States Singh Gaur, Raj Pal; SH Ltd., China
Chemicals, United States Wiesner, Valerie L.; NASA
Poulin, Eric; Laval Langley Research Center, Zhao, Qiuyue; Northeast
University, Canada Slater, J.E.; United States United States University, China
*Membership grade recommendations are based on a review of credentials provided by the
individuals. These credentials are taken on the honor system and not independently verified,
except by exception.Table of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04722-x
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1
Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
In Case You Missed It:
Business News from the Field
JOthemagazine
Rio Tinto Adds Utah Plant
London, U.K.: Rio Tinto is building
Solvay’s Tubing
Advances Lightweighting
a new plant to recover tellurium Brussels, Belgium: Solvay and Maincor
IURPFRSSHUUH¿QLQJDWLWV.HQQHFRWW 5RKUV\VWHPH*PE+ &R.*SLRQHHUHG
integrated copper mining operation near a technique to manufacture a highly
Salt Lake City, Utah. A $2.9 million ÀH[LEOHH[WUXGHGFRUUXJDWHGWXELQJZLWK
investment will equip the plant to recover varying wall thicknesses and diameters.
Do you hav
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busi
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tellurium as a by-product of copper The manufacturer’s advancement will
orr inddustr
t y ne
news
ws of smelting through extraction from waste help automobile makers meet new thermal
intereest too th
thee mi
mine
nera
ner ls
rals,, streams. Operations will begin in the management design challenges stemming
fourth quarter of 2021 at the new plant, from combining internal combustion engine
mettalls, andd ma
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al which will have around 20 tonnes of and e-mobility technologies including
community?
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bm t annual production capacity. batteries, e-motors, and power electronics.
y urr announcement
yo Zeiss Finishes New Pioneer Buys Permian’s
Californian Site DoublePoint Energy
orr press release to
Oberkochen, Germany:: Carl Houston, Texas, USA: Pioneer
Kaitititlililinn Ca
Ka Calv
lvva, Zeiss AG, a leading global optics and Natural Resources Company is acquiring
JO
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in optoelectronics technology company, has DoublePoint Energy LLC for $6.4 billion.
completed construction of its new R&D, Pioneer will gain more than 100,000 acres
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gi d toor,r at production, sales, and customer service in the core of the Permian basin, which are
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investment in the new Zeiss Innovation
&HQWHULVSDUWRIWKHFRPSDQ\¶VH൵RUWV contiguous with much of Pioneer’s existing
to expand close to research centers and holdings, enabling Pioneer to engineer
growth markets. The center’s focus longer horizontal wells from fewer drilling
RQGLJLWDOVROXWLRQVDQGVFLHQWL¿FDQG pads, utilizing the existing pipeline and
industry partnerships spanning disciplines water systems. The deal is comprised of
and technologies are key drivers behind approximately 27.2 million shares of Pioneer
the company’s selection of a site in the common stock, $1 billion of cash, and
Bay Area. assumption of approximately $900 million
of debt and liabilities.
Adelaide, Australia:
Core Lithium confirmed U.S. Steel Acquires Patents
the production of and Trademarks
battery-grade lithium Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA:
at its Finniss Lithium
U.S. Steel Corporation purchased
Project in Australia’s
Northern Territory. Two WKHÀDWUROOHGVKHHWSDWHQWVDQG
samples of blended trademarks to advanced, high-strength
concentrate showed steel made by The NanoSteel Co.
over 95% lithium in Inc. in Providence, Rhode Island.
separate tests. The The patented proprietary alloys
Finnish Lithium Project
have a nanoscale microstructure,
is the first lithium site
to be approved outside which creates a unique combination
Western Australia and of extreme strength and enhanced
is the first new mine formability that is normally only
of significant scale to found in low-strength mild steels. The
be approved in the NanoSteel grades can be rolled thicker
Northern Territory since
2013. Australia leads
than other high-strength grades and
the world in lithium are designed for automotive and heavy
production. (Photo credit industrial applications where higher
Core Lithium.) strength-to-weight ratios are needed.
1558Table of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04723-w
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1
Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
C E L E B R A T I O N
TMS2021 VIRTUAL:
e8ĜųŸƋeüƋåųŏălj¥å±ųŸ
SINCE 1871
UåĬĬƼ¬±ŞŞ±Ÿ
A virtual conference would have been an unfathomable All-Conference Plenary Session
concept in 1871, the year that TMS’s parent society,
The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and
3HWUROHXP(QJLQHHUV $,0( KHOGLWV¿UVWDQQXDO
gathering.
)RU \HDUV706FDUULHGRQWKHWUDGLWLRQRIWKDW¿UVW
in-person conference where research and ideas could be
shared among like-minded professionals. At the TMS 2021
Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition (TMS2021 Virtual),
the 150th anniversary meeting, the Society demonstrated
WKDWWKHVSLULWRIWKDW¿UVWHYHQWZRXOGFRQWLQXH²HYHQLI
the format had to change.
2Q0DUFK±7069LUWXDOPDUNHGWKH¿UVW Tom Battle (pictured, left) talks with Anne Lauvergeon (pictured,
fully online installment of the TMS Annual Meeting right) at the TMS2021 Virtual All-Conference Plenary Session.
& Exhibition. In many ways, the Society kept with the
WUDGLWLRQRISUHYLRXV\HDUVE\R൵HULQJVFLHQWLVWVDQG More than 200 attendees from around the world tuned in live
engineers a recognized forum for sharing their work, a to hear Anne Lauvergeon deliver the TMS2021 All-Conference
broad selection of technical symposia and presentations to Plenary, “New Methodologies: Producing High-Quality Metal
view, and opportunities to initiate conversations and make from Low-Grade Ores,” on Wednesday, March 17.
FRQQHFWLRQVZLWKRWKHUVZRUNLQJLQWKHLU¿HOG 2020 TMS President Tom Battle introduced Lauvergeon,
There were some necessary changes, of course. In describing her as a person known for her leadership in
place of cocktail receptions in conference meeting pushing the boundaries of technology and innovating business
rooms, TMS2021 Virtual featured smaller gatherings in SUDFWLFHLQKHU¿HOG6KHLVIRXQGHU&(2RI$/3 FKDLUeFROH
virtual networking spaces. Instead of stepping up to the GHV0LQHVGH1DQF\ DQGIRUPHU&(2RI$UHYD6$6KH
microphone to ask questions of distinguished speakers, is also board chair of the start-up company IB2, which is
attendees engaged in live online Q&A sessions with pioneering an alumina production method that Lauvergeon
presenters. In the exhibit hall, conversations shifted from called a potential revolutionary innovation with far-reaching
EXVWOLQJVKRZÀRRUVWRRQHRQRQHVFUHHQFKDWV'HVSLWH implications.
all these changes, TMS2021 Virtual remained a place that The traditional way to produce alumina from bauxite, she
brought people together. H[SODLQHGLVWKH%D\HUSURFHVVZKLFKUHVXOWVLQVLJQL¿FDQW
waste known as red mud. It also requires transporting high-
“Despite all these changes, TXDOLW\RUHVRYHUORQJGLVWDQFHVWRUH¿QHU\VLWHV
She described the IB2 technology, which can produce high-
aƟǒƟőƐĞŹƒƣ±ĮƐŹåķ±ĞĻåÚƐ±ƐŤĮ±ÏåƐ quality alumina from low-grade bauxite, as a green solution
ƒĚ±ƒƐÆŹŇƣďĚƒƐŤåŇŤĮåƐƒŇďåƒĚåŹũŶ that addresses these problems. “What was considered mine
waste using the normal process can be considered ore with
7KURXJKRXWWKLVDUWLFOH²DQGLQWZRRWKHUDUWLFOHV this technology,” she said.
published in the June 2021 issue of JOM²\RX¶OOJDLQD 'XULQJD4 $VHVVLRQZLWK%DWWOHIROORZLQJKHU
glimpse of this year’s meeting through key statistics and presentation, she explained that this technology can be added
event summaries that show how TMS2021 Virtual retained on to the traditional Bayer process. “You have nothing to
the key elements of a TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. change to the existing facility or installation,” Lauvergeon said.
Then look forward to TMS2022 and beyond to see where After piloting the process at two locations, Lauvergeon said
we’ll be meeting once we can all gather in person again. the technology is now ready to commercialize.
1559Table of Contents
1560 Zappas
3M(SȶȉȶȦEX82ȶȉȶȦ:MVXYEP
TMS2021 Virtual
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The Fifth International Symposium on Nickel and Cobalt
EWSJ2EVGLȴȦ (Ni-Co 2021) was held as part of TMS2021 Virtual. This
ȶȉȶȦ special four-day symposium convened operators, engineers,
and researchers to exchange information about all aspects
of current processing technologies for nickel and cobalt, as
well as emerging technologies for both metals.
The symposium opened with the Ni-Co 2021 plenary
20
3YQFIVSJ
session on Monday, March 15, featuring invited
SUHVHQWDWLRQVIURP¿YHVSHDNHUV )RUDFORVHUORRNDWWKH
plenary session, see the article, “Keynotes and Featured
(SQTERMIWXLEX Talks at TMS2021 Virtual,” in the June 2021 issue of
)MWTPE]IH'SSXLW JOM.) Additional sessions were held on the topics of
EDWWHULHV K\GURPHWDOOXUJ\ S\URPHWDOOXUJ\ DQGPDUNHW
MRXLI:MVXYEP materials, and mineral processing.
*\LMFMX-EPP Ni-Co 2021 was organized by TMS, with sponsorship
IURPWKH706([WUDFWLRQ 3URFHVVLQJ'LYLVLRQWKH706
Pyrometallurgy Committee, and the TMS Hydrometallurgy
and Electrometallurgy Committee. It was co-organized
by the Metallurgy & Materials Society of the Canadian
Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. The Ni-Co
2021 Awards 2021 Organizing Committee was led by Corby Anderson,
Colorado School of Mines.
82ȶȉȶȦ5VSGIIHMRKW
192
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Eleven proceedings volumes, including Ni-Co 2021: The
5th International Symposium on Nickel and Cobalt, are
now available for purchase through the TMS Bookstore in
-SRSVIH[MXL both hard copy and electronic formats. Light Metals 2021
ȮȮ&[EVHW and Magnesium Technology 2021, the latest editions in
TMS’s long-running proceedings series, are also available,
5VIWIRXIH)YVMRK
along with collections from six additional symposia.
82ȶȉȶȦ:MVXYEP 7KH¿QDOYROXPHLQWKHFROOHFWLRQWKHTMS 2021 150th
1IEVRQSVIEFSYX Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings,
features a compilation of papers gathered from a variety of
XLIWIE[EVHWERH TMS2021 Virtual symposia.
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E[EVHWXQWSVK available TMS2021 Virtual publications. TMS members
VKRXOGORJLQWRUHFHLYHDGLVFRXQWR൵KDUGFRS\
purchases.Table of Contents
TMS2021 VIRTUAL: A First After 150 Years 1561
82.RWXEPPW3I[1IEHIVWLMT
Technical Sessions
ERH5VSGIIHMRKW
440
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Ellen Cerreta, 2021 TMS President (pictured, left) and
Tom Battle, 2020 TMS President (pictured, right). -IPHEXȁȴ
]QTSWMEMRȦȴ
Each year, the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition marks 8STMG&VIEW
the transition to the new year’s TMS president. At this
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their leadership terms and new directors begin their cycles.
Tom Battle began his term as TMS President on
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0HHWLQJ ([KLELWLRQLQ6DQ'LHJR&DOLIRUQLDZKLFK
brought together more than 4,600 attendees.
“Less than two weeks after the end of the conference, 2,493
5VIWIRXEXMSRW
our world changed. New terms were introduced such as
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UHÀHFWHGLQDVSHHFKDWWKH706$,0($ZDUGV
Ceremony, held on Wednesday, March 17. Looking back
on his year as TMS President, Battle noted the unique
challenges the Society encountered, but also the way the 273
5SWXIV
community stood together, even while staying apart. “It has
been an honor and privilege to lead TMS through the most 5VIWIRXEXMSRW
extraordinary of years,” he concluded.
As Battle’s presidential term came to an end, Ellen
Cerreta of Los Alamos National Laboratory began her
term as 2021 TMS President during TMS2021 Virtual.
Cerreta also gave an address at the awards ceremony that
583
XYHIRX
acknowledged the challenges of the previous year and
looked ahead to a brighter future. 5VIWIRXEXMSRW
“What has transpired since our last in-person TMS
Annual Meeting in 2020 shouldn’t be allowed to change
what we are doing as a Society for the profession, even if
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the implementation of that vision,” Cerreta said, reminding
listeners of the strategic goals laid out in the TMS Aspires
480
2ERYWGVMTXW
plan and how these will serve the profession well as the
Society moves forward. 5YFPMWLIHMR
This change in leadership also included Jud Ready, ȦȦ(SPPIGXIH
Georgia Institute of Technology, moving into the role of 5VSGIIHMRKW
2021 Vice President. Ready will serve as TMS President
:SPYQIW
beginning at the TMS 2022 Annual Meeting & Exhibition.
Timothy Rupert, University of California, Irvine, also
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PRYLQJLQWRWKHSRVLWLRQRI3URJUDPPLQJ'LUHFWRUTable of Contents
1562 Zappas
+YXYVI&RRYEP2IIXMRK)EXIWERH:IRYIW
Attendee Engagement
For 149 years, the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition
operated in-person meetings, and we plan to return to that
model in future years. Mark your calendars now and plan
EX82ȶȉȶȦ:MVXYEP to join us at these future venues:
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Plans are already underway for the TMS 2022 Annual
Meeting & Exhibition, which is now accepting abstracts
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TMS2022 will feature two co-located events: Diversity
5EVXMGMTEXIHMR1MZI in the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Professions 4
6 &IWWMSRWERH (DMMM4) and the REWAS 2022 Symposium, which will
3IX[SVOMRK*ZIRXW IRFXVRQWKHWKHPHRI'HYHORSLQJ7RPRUURZ¶V7HFKQLFDO
Cycles. In addition, TMS2022 will feature the popular
Bladesmithing Competition and continue the celebration
of the Society’s 150th Anniversary Year.
2022
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Conference
5EVXMGMTERXW CELEBRATES ŏăljƉ¤)~
Visit www.tms.org/TMS2022 to learn more
and to submit your abstract by July 1.
JO
themagazineTable of Contents
JOM Vol. 73, No. 6, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04724-9
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04578-1
Ó 2021 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Keynotes and
Featured Talks at
C E L E B R A T I O N
TMS2021 VIRTUAL
SINCE 1871 Kelly Zappas, Ann Ritchie,
and Kaitlin Calva
Nearly 2,500 oral and poster presentations at 83 symposia in 13 technical tracks were delivered over the course of four
days at the TMS 2021 Virtual Annual Meeting & Exhibition (TMS2021 Virtual), March 15-18, 2021.
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sessions from young professionals on emerging technology areas. What follows is a look at some of these featured sessions
and talks from TMS2021 Virtual.
nickel, stainless steel materials, and batteries can make to a
PLENARY AND KEYNOTE SESSIONS FOHDQHUDQGNLQGHUZRUOGDUHYHU\VLJQL¿FDQW´
Later in the session, Anthony Warner, Worley, provided
3M(SȶȉȶȦ5PIREV] an overview of key developments in nickel pyrometallurgy
since 1970—many of which he and his co-authors,
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throughout their careers—with his talk, “A Review of
Nickel Pyrometallurgy over the Past 50 Years with Special
Reference to the Former INCO Ltd. and Falconbridge Ltd.”
“Nickel is an essential metal to modern society, primarily
through its use as an important ingredient in stainless
steel,” he noted. “More recently and in the future, electric
vehicles are becoming a key nickel demand driver for
nickel products to meet this application.”
Corby G. Anderson (pictured, left) and Rodney Jones ȶȉȶȦ1MKLXW2IXEPW0I]RSXIIWWMSR
(pictured, right) at the Ni-Co 2021 Plenary Session.
The Fifth International Symposium on Nickel and
Cobalt (Ni-Co 2021) opened with a plenary session that
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Extraction & Processing Division (EPD) Distinguished
Lecturer, Rodney Jones, Mintek. Ahead of the technical
presentations, lead Ni-Co 2021 organizer, Corby G.
Anderson, Colorado School of Mines, welcomed attendees
to the session and thanked the authors and speakers as
well as his co-organizers of the symposium. “We labored
through the challenges of the global pandemic and actually Les Edwards (pictured, left) and Pernelle Nunez
this whole symposium, even though it’s gone virtual, has (pictured, right) at the 2021 Lights Metals Keynote Session.
come to fruition,” he said.
-RQHVNLFNHGR൵WKHSOHQDU\VHVVLRQGHOLYHULQJWKH Sustainability in the Aluminum Supply Chain was the
presentation, “Ferronickel–Thermodynamics, Chemistry, and focus of the 2021 Light Metals Keynote Session, which
Economics,” in which he noted that “nickel is an essential was organized by Les Edwards, Rain Carbon Inc., and
metal in our modern world.” Though current nickel demand sponsored by the Aluminum Committee of the TMS Light
is dominated by stainless steel, there is growth anticipated in Metals Division. The idea for the session came about,
batteries over the next decade. “We are living in an exciting Edwards said, after he attended a presentation at TMS2020
time of new developments and have the opportunity to shape that highlighted the sustainability challenges faced by the
the world for the better,” Jones said. “The contributions that aluminum industry in meeting climate change targets.
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