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A platform for the teachers, by the teachers Innovations Handbook (Navachar Pustika) Vol 1 Issue 1 (2019-20), English, Teacher Innovation Award-2019
INNOVATIVE PATHSHAALA
A NEW AGE GUIDE FOR EXPERIENTIAL TEACHING
Based on Zero-Investment Innovations
in Education
Ready-made lesson plans of the entire
textbook
Fostering Experiential Learning
Number of interesting activities to teach
each lesson
Download INNOVATIVE PATHSHAALA APP
from Google Play Store
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To share innovations with the teaching community
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To watch success stories of ZIIEI innovator teachers
www.youtube.com/c/rupantarindiaZero Investment Innovations
for Education Initiatives
A platform for the teachers, by the teachers
ZIIEI is a mass-scale teacher outreach initiative started With the support of HDFC Bank, hundreds of thousands
in 2015 by Sri Aurobindo Society (www.aurosociety.org) of teachers and principals across the country are being
as part of its nation-wide education transformation oriented to innovation as a concept and encouraged to
programme, Rupantar. ZIIEI believes that teachers are share their ideas with the education fraternity.
the pillars of this nation, and their contribution, if
recognised and supported, can bring about a significant The most outstanding ideas to improve education quality
improvement in the quality and reach of education. at zero investment are published in this Innovations
Therefore, ZIIEI aims to find ‘the scattered, isolated and Handbook (Navachar Pustika). These ideas or best practices
unrecognised, but effective solutions’ created by teachers are then replicated in lakhs of schools ever y year. Schools
at the grassroots and systematically scale them up to that have been using these innovations in their
millions of schools. In the process, teachers are: classrooms are obser ving an increase in children’s
attendance and enrollment, teacher's motivation, and
• Sensitised about the critical need for innovations in community participation.
the Indian state-run schools;
• Educated about the potential of innovations that To know more, log on to:
require zero monetary investment;
www.rupantar.in/ziiei
• Encouraged to share such best practices freely with
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the teaching community; and
www.facebook.com/ZIIEIExhibitions
• Recognised for their contribution towards improving www.twitter.com @SAS_Rupantar
the quality of education. www.linkedin.com/company/rupantar
How is ZIIEI empowering teachers? For participation guidelines and forms,
Watch their stories on please visit
www.youtube.com/c/RUPANTARINDIA www.ziiei.com/participants-loginFOREWORD
SAMBHRANT
ZIIEI Founder and
Member-Executive,
Sri Aurobindo Society
Did I hear some people comment that India is not alike — have registered themselves with Teacher
yet a digital country? Of course, we have some miles Innovation Awards 2019. They submitted over one
to cover, but today — dear teachers — your lakh ideas and we feel grateful to each of them for
overwhelming online participation in the Teacher their contribution to this new digital wave of change
Innovation Award 2019 is like a digital roar that will in Education. It certainly goes to show that despite
change all perceptions about our country. Your call all odds, we are thinking, we are in sync with the
for transforming education is going to echo far and times, and that we are ready for working
wide! collaboratively to create a brighter future for the next
generation.
In 2016, a movement to create an ‘ecosystem of
innovation’ was started through the program Zero On August 17, 2019, as we release this compilation
Investment Innovations for Education Initiative of the 66 most effective zero-investment innovations
(ZIIEI). Since then, our trainers have covered over selected by Teacher Innovation Award 2019, we feel
450 districts and three lakh villages to inspire 17 deeply moved by the individual efforts and every-day
lakh government school teachers. As a result, we classroom innovations that can be found in this
have received more than nine lakh ideas to improve country. The purpose of this Innovations Handbook
the quality and reach of education at zero-investment is ease of accessibility, i.e. to enable thousands of
by teachers from across the country. other schools in the country to customise and
replicate these ideas in their classrooms to solve
This year, with India’s commitment to the dream of similar problems at minimal or no expense. Moreover,
becoming a digital nation, ZIIEI has been able to to ensure that such brilliance is scaled up meaningfully
create a new online platform to engage innovative and finds a more defined place in the syllabi, we will
thinkers from all fields, and further strengthen the now be directing our efforts to create joyful-learning
ecosystem of innovation in Education. Teacher lesson plans, with experiential learning at their core
Innovation Awards 2019 is not just another social (see Innovative Pathshaala). It is then that the
media campaign. It is a first-of-its-kind format in contribution of these winners will be fully recognised
India to make innovation all-inclusive; to ensure that and innovation in education will reach the students
anyone with path-breaking solutions to transform and be truly all-inclusive.
education is able to see their ideas come alive in the
remotest corners where they are needed the most. Finally, on behalf of Sri Aurobindo Society and
millions of teachers who are a part of ZIIEI today, I
It is humbling to see how within three months, more congratulate the winners of Teacher Innovation
than three lakh people — including teachers from Award 2019 on being recognised at the national
government, aided and private schools as well as level.
social workers and parents from cities and villages
Welcome to team ZIIEI!
4 Innovations HandbookINNOVATIVE TEACHERS
Sarita Singh Balwant Singh Munesh Shekhar Chandrakant K
Govt. Primary School, Middle School R.P.V.V. School Sector A-10, Z P High School & Jr.
Parichhipur, Odisha Shanoge, Jammu Narela Delhi - 110040 College Pimpalgaaon Raja,
Maharashtra
Kiran Barla Shraddha Babelay Poornima Shreekant Pathak
Vivekananda Kendra PMV School, Jawan, GPS Kalenderpur, Upper Primary School,
Vidyalaya, Arunachal Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh Badhawa, Mirjapur, UP
Pradesh
Anjanee Kumar Singh Ajeet Kumar Gupta Dr. Anil Kumar Dubey Taruna
Government Middle Ps Atraul Pandey, Govt. M.L.B Girls Primary School, Badal,
School, Sewai, Simdega, Ratanpura, Hr. Sec. School Datia Badaun, Uttar Pradesh
Jharkhand Uttar Pradesh (M.P.)
Virender Kumar Biswajit Das Amit Kumar Tiwari
Middle School Pawra Gms Khudirampur, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Bundi,
Gurua (Gaya) Bihar Andaman Nicobar Island Rajasthan
Innovations Handbook 5INNOVATIVE TEACHERS
Dr. Geetu Gupta Shweta Mishra Rajkumar Vibha Chaudhary
Amsss Ramgarh Pandwa Primary School Indira Gandhi Govt High Primary School Mauhari
Kalayat, Kaithal, Kishorpur, Kasganj, School, Katterikuppam, Rupaideeh, Gonda,
Haryana Uttar Pradesh Puducherry Uttar Pradesh
Saurabh Shukla Vanita Rathod Mamta Khanna Pramod Singh
Primary School Pipariya, Shri Vinoba Bhave Sunbeam School GMPS Khumera,
Bhojipura, Bareilley, Primary School, Rajkot, Lahartara, Varanasi, Rudraprayag, Uttrakhand
Uttar Pradesh Gujarat Uttar Pradesh
Preeti Kumari Shah Atin Das Dr. Onika Mehrotra Dr. Sarita Sinha
Oakridge International Delhi Public School, Kalka Public School, Delhi, DPS, Dhanbaad,
School, Hyderabad, Indore, Delhi Jharkhand
Telangana Madhya Pradesh
Kesar Patel Mayanka Sharma Kunda Jayawant Bharti Yadav
Tagore Global School, P. S. Chanepur Nashik Corporation School D.A.V. Nursery School,
Kurukshetra, Chhabilepur, Mainpuri, No 18, Nashik, Outram Lines, Delhi
Haryana Uttar pradesh Maharashtra
6 Innovations HandbookINNOVATIVE TEACHERS
Blud Rodrigues Mukesh Kumar Umendra Kumar C. Gagandeep Kaur
Ravindra Kelekar GMS, Paspura, Govt.Primary School, Govt Model High
Dnyanmandir, Begusarai, Pandhi, Raipur, School, Karsan,
Goa Bihar Chhattisgarh Chandigarh
Sunita Mondal Alka Bakshi Deepa Desai Laeeq Ahmad
Gps Vijaygarh, Geetanjali School, Vidyaniketan Public Government Primary
Andaman Nicobar Begumpett, Telangana School, Bangalore School, Kerakat, Jaunpur,
Island Karnataka Uttar Pradesh
Rapwinder Kaur Sanjay Kumar Prakash Kumar D. Solanki Ram Kishor Prajapati
Gssss Threeke, Ludhiana, Gmhs 49D, Chandigarh, Shree Ningala 1 Primary P.M.V., Chirgaon, Jhansi,
Punjab Chandigarh School, Amreli, Gujarat Uttar Pradesh
Niawki Samati Mohammad Javed Bhaskar Joshi Pranab Kumar Datta
Lummynso Up Ssa School, M.J. Ekta Public School, Government Primary Indian National School,
Ummulong, Meghalaya Moradabad, U.P School Bajela Dholadevi, West Tripua,Tripura
Almora, Uttrakhand
Innovations Handbook 7INNOVATIVE TEACHERS
Sutapa Mukherjee Ruchi Shukla Rekha Choubey Rajesh Kumar S.
Chinsurah Deshbandhu Allenhouse Public Govt.Middle School, Govt. Middle school, Navapara,
Memorial Girls High School, School, Jhansi, Uttar Kanarda, Harda, Amoda, Janjgirchampa,
Hugli, West Bengal. Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh. Chhattisgarh
Ashish Behal Konathla Phani B. S. Narendra Singh Rawat Lokesh Pancholi,
Govt.Public School, Mandal Parishad Primary Govt. Higher Secondary Govt.Senior Secondary
Kahri, Chamba, School, Moolapeta, School, Kotra, School, Dausa,
Himachal Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan Rajasthan.
Gopal Vasantrao Khade Narayanan Vadayakkandy Sharad Kumar Dadsena Lomas Dhungel
Z.P. High School Kamargaon Snhss Thiruvallur, Cluster Bitthaldah, Govt.Sr Sec School, Makha,
Tq.Karanja Lad, Washim, Vadakara, Kozhikode, Mungeli, Chhattisgarh. East Sikkim, Sikkim.
Maharashtra Kerala
Meenu Wadhwa Komal Roy Lal Singh Bani
Kendriya Vidyalaya Volunteer Teacher, Sarada, Gic Rajpura Block:
Delhi Udaipur, Rajasthan Haldwani, Nainital
Uttarakhand
8 Innovations HandbookINDEX
Innovation 01 BUDDING WRITERS
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/ 9/01)
Page 10
Innovation 02 IMPROVING ATTENDANCE
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/02)
Page 16
Innovation 03 CLEAN NATION, HEALTHY NATION
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/03)
Page 21
Innovation 04 BOOKS AND STATIONERY BANK
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/04)
Page 26
Innovation 05 YOGA, MEDITATION AND SELF DEVELOPMENT
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/05)
Page 30
Innovation 06 NEW AGE TEACHING TECHNIQUE
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/06)
Page 35
Innovation 07 LEARNING THROUGH GAMES
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/07)
Page 40
Innovation 08 BAG FREE DAY
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/08)
Page 45
Innovation 09 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/09)
Page 48
Innovation 10 NATION BUILDING
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/10)
Page 54
Innovation 11 ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/11)
Page 58
Innovation 12 KITCHEN GARDEN IN SCHOOL
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/12)
Page 66
Innovations Handbook 9INNOVATION 1
BUDDING WRITERS
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/01)
A child’s reading and writing skills play a crucial role in determining how well a child will perform in school and
later participates in society. Though reading and writing skills improve throughout the life, the early childhood
years are the most significant in the development. The bonus of good reading and writing skills is that it not only
allows the students to dwell in the world of imagination and creativity, it also makes understanding of various
subjects easier and simpler. However, the ability to read and write does not develop naturally, it needs planning
and execution. The classrooms that provide children with regular opportunities to express themselves in written
and verbal formats without feeling too constrained for correct spelling and proper handwriting, help the students
understand the real purpose of these skills. In this innovative idea, the students are encouraged for regular and
active engagement and interactions to realize their potential as Budding Writers.
NAMES OF THE INNOVATORS
1. Sarita Singh, Govt. Primary School, Parichhipur, Odisha
2. Balwant Singh, Middle School Shanoge, Reasi, Jammu and Kashmir
3. Munesh, RPVV Narela, Delhi
4. Shekhar Chandrakant Khomne, ZP High School & Jr College, Pimpalgaon Raja, Maharashtra
5. Poornima Mishra, P.S School, Kalanderpur, Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh
6. Kiran Barla, Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya, Arunachal Pradesh
7. Shraddha Babelay, PMV School, Jawan, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
BENEFITS OF THIS INNOVATION
zz Reading and writing improves concentration power and strengthens brain connections leading to greater
attention span and focus.
zz With regular reading practices students become better in sentence formation, and usage of correct words
10 Innovations HandbookINNOVATION 1
and spellings. The expansion of vocabulary brings
a sense of empowerment in the child.
zz Reading strengthens the creativity and
imagination of a child.
zz Makes a student better at public speaking and
communications.
zz This activity improves memory and analytic
skills.
zz Reading and writing are highly instrumental
in increasing knowledge and general awareness.
Regular reading and writing habits help in reducing
stress and fosters a holistic way of living life.
IMPACT AREAS Planning/Preparation: Planning of the session/
Improves reading-writing skills of students, period, one or two days in advance is required for
engagement in classroom activities, inculcates the fruitful execution.
strong visualization and creativity in students. Implementation: The activity is implemented in
SUMMARY two methods-
All the activities have few overlapping areas, and Method A- ‘Draw and Narrate’
can be implemented in the classroom as part of a Depending upon the strength of the class, the
series. They are applicable for all the classes and activity is conducted in two formats. Format one-
learning levels. The activities can be modified Individual and Format two- Team of two students.
according to the level of the students/class. Format One- Individual Participation
zz The teacher after completing a topic/story,
calls upon a student near the board.
ACTIVITIES zz The student is instructed to draw an image
related to the story/topic and writes descriptive
1 words or sentences.
zz Then the next child comes and draws another
LET’S COMPLETE image related to the topic/story.
THE STORY TOGETHER zz Format Two- Team of two students
zz In this format the teacher calls one student
Introduction: The idea creates a strong creative from the team and asks him/her to draw a picture
sense in the students. Generally, the teacher narrates related to the lesson narrated. Then another
a story/discusses the concept with the class. teammate is called upon and asked to write one
However, in this activity, after completion of a or two sentences related to the image drawn by his
story/concept the teacher asks the students to fellow team member.
complete the given topic themselves, which gives a zz In this way, a series of images and descriptive
lot of scope of expression and exploration to the lines re-create the complete story/topic on board.
students. The teacher uses a visual medium (an Method B- ‘Image and Imagination’
image) to involve the students. This idea is initiating zz The teacher introduces the new/difficult
healthy brainstorming sessions. There is a great zeal words in the class.
in students to participate during these sessions. It is zz She shows 3-4 relevant images to the students
also promoting self-learning as well as group and then put them on the display board.
learning. It also facilitates all three types of learners zz Then she verbally talks about each image and
ie. auditory, visual and kinesthetic. frame sentences.
Classroom Application: It is applicable for After the explanation, the students are asked to
primary and upper primary classes. The activity is
instrumental in the recapitulation of the lesson or choose any one image and write sentence/
keywords. keywords/paragraph depending upon the learning
Innovations Handbook 11INNOVATION 1
level of the students.
The processes expand the written and creative
abilities of a child.
2
‘I AM AN AUTHOR’
Introduction: Stories are great medium of
expressions, that gives students scope to expand
their vocabulary, sentence structure and flow of
thoughts. In this activity, the students are asked to
write a story at the beginning of each school day.
They compose stories on the subjects taught or the zz Gradually, each student starts writing and
themes explained in the class. The teacher motivates becomes an author of their own storybook.
them to write short stories on a daily basis. The first
30 minutes are allotted for this activity when the
mind is fresh and energetic. The students maintain 3
one notebook to write the story each day, and in
this way he/she is able to write around 300 stories AUDIO-BOOK
in one year, a complete storybook in itself. The Introduction: Visiting library and reading books
sense of being an author empowers them to write are one of the basic activities for the students. To
more. evaluate what students have read and learned from
Classroom Application: It is applicable to all the the book, generally, they are asked to submit a book
classes. An effective medium to revise the learned review. Through this activity, students are trained
topic and enhance language skills. not only to become voracious readers but also
Planning/Preparation: A notebook to write encouraged to recite the most interesting and vital
stories, colorful paper to make the cover of the facts which they come across while reading. The
students maintain a notebook to note-down
notebook and name it ‘My Storybook’.
important quotes, phrases etc. They also read out
Implementation:The teacher explains the the noted material in front of the class. The teacher
importance of thinking and writing to the students. records recitation of students in his/her phone and
zz A theme is selected by the teacher, and the saves files as audio files. The objective is to encourage
students are asked to write on the given theme in a reading habit among students, make their speaking
dedicated notebook. and expression skills more effective. When students
zz Each student within the given time thinks and listen back to their audio-books they feel enthusiastic
write. and inclined to read and learn more. The audio files
zz The teacher can pick a topic from the lessons of good narrators are played during a free period.
taught in the class. The students are evaluated on the basis of written
zz The important aspect is that children are given and verbal presentation and best 15 notebooks and
new topic each day. For this the teacher makes a list audio files are kept as a sample for the next session.
of topics.
Classroom Application: It is applicable for all the
zz This list is not shared with students otherwise
classes, improves verbal and communication skills.
it will kill the curiosity for the topic.
zz The storybook is seen by the teacher twice a Planning/Preparation: The students prepare a
month, but students are neither marked or checked notebook in which they write ‘moral of the story’,
for this activity. ‘book review’, ‘phrases’, ‘quotes’ etc.
zz The objective is to imbibe the habit of writing Implementation: The implementation is carried out
in the students. in the written and verbal format.
12 Innovations HandbookINNOVATION 1
Written format-
zz The students of classes, 3rd to 12th issue the
books from the library.
zz The students are given one week time to read
the book and note down phrases/ quotes/summary
etc.
zz The student presents the work in written
format.
Verbal format-
The teacher/librarian calls upon the students one
by one to present their work in verbal format.
zz The students read out the content they have
prepared in their notebooks.
zz The teacher/librarian records students’ voice
and keeps them safe. For this, the audio file is first zz The teacher narrates the story using the voice
recorded in the smartphone, and then transferred modulation and makes it sound engaging and
to a laptop. interesting for children.
zz The duration for each recording could be of 7 zz After a while, towards the completion of the
to 10 minutes. story, the teacher stops narration.
Evaluation: On the basis of written and verbal zz He/she asks the students to think about the
presentation, top 15 presentations are selected. climax.
zz The selected audio files are played and the zz The students use their imagination and think
entire class listens to it. Thus in one hour/period, of ways of concluding the story and giving it a
students are able to gain knowledge of around 6 meaningful end.
books. zz Though students have the liberty to think of
The best work is kept as a sample for the next any possible climax, however, they are encouraged
academic session. to think of a morally strong climax, so that the story
is able to give a message and meaning at the end.
zz The task of writing down the climax can be
4 done in the class or can be given as a part of the
homework.
INNOVATIVE CLIMAX
zz If given as a part of the homework, then
Introduction: This is a method to bring out the children note down the names of the characters in
creativity and innovation in rewriting the old their notebooks, so that they do not forget characters
stories. This activity broadens up the thoughts and while constructing the climax.
helps the students to develop a problem-solving zz In both the cases (as classwork or homework)
approach towards different situations in life. It also students submit the climax of the story.
enhances language skills and vocabulary of the zz The teacher evaluates all the notebooks and
students. A simple story like ‘The thirsty crow’ can discusses them with the students.
have different climax according to a child’s zz In case a child is unable to think of an
imagination. Such activity increases cognition in appropriate climax, then the teacher guides him to
students. think in more creative and flexible way, than being
Classroom Application: It is applicable for upper rigid in thoughts.
primary classes.
Planning/Preparation: The teacher selects the 5
story according to the level of the students.
Implementation: MY DAILY DIARY
zz The stories picked up for this activity are not the Introduction: One of the biggest benefits of
ones which are covered in the syllabus. The stories writing a diary is that, it gives clarity of thoughts.
are chosen from library books or other sources. Through this activity students are encouraged to
Innovations Handbook 13INNOVATION 1
write on a daily basis, and after writing their
feelings and thoughts they draw a smiling or a sad
face (emoji) as per their feelings. When students are
encouraged to write on a daily basis, they become
better thinkers and good communicators. The
teacher does not evaluate the written content but
looks at the emoji made by the children.
Classroom Application: It is applicable for all the
classes, however, for primary and upper primary
classes, this exercise is more engaging. A notebook
or a diary is used by the students which they
decorate to make it look attractive and interesting
to write.
Planning/Preparation: A notebook decorated as
‘My Daily Dairy’. about the picture and then writes it down in their
Implementation: respective notebooks.
zz The teacher tells the meaning and importance It is a query-based learning approach.
of diary writing to the students. Classroom Application: It is applicable for class
zz She motivates the students to write one page 3rd onwards.
daily before going to bed. The students express Planning/Preparation: Cut out of images from
their feelings, emotions or anything they learned
the newspaper.
or studied during the day. The diary writing allows
freedom of expression. Implementation:
zz After each write-up, the students draw an zz The teacher cuts the relevant images from the
emoji as an expression of their feelings. newspaper. The images can be of any landscape,
zz The teacher does not check the diary but can current/historic event, famous personality, animals,
ask the students to show or submit their diary any current invention, science fiction, etc.
day to ensure that each and every student is writing
zz The teacher distributes the cuttings to the class,
the diary daily.
zz The teacher also looks at emoji and tries to so that each child gets an individual image.
understand the emotional state of the child. zz The children paste the image on a colored/
zz If the teacher comes across more sad faces in plain sheet of paper.
the diary then the teacher talks to the child and zz A brief group discussion is held in the
accordingly guides him/her. class which will help the children have a better
understanding about the image given to them.
6 zz The children then write a description of the
WRITING FROM NEWSPAPER picture on a sheet of paper.
Introduction: Newspaper is one of the prime zz In this manner a picture book is created by the
sources of information. If used wisely can benefit children of the same class.
the masses otherwise will become scrape the next zz This activity can be done once/twice a week.
day. The newspapers are full of current affairs, zz Each student creates their own picture books
puzzles, colorful pictures of a landscape, famous which can be kept in the class and can be read by
people, animals and other things which are of great the students during their reading session/library
use. The teacher selects some images and fixes the period.
cut-out on the bulletin board. The students discuss zz If the class is able to read all the books made by
the particular class/section, they can exchange the
14 Innovations HandbookINNOVATION 1
books from different sections. given by the teacher.
Making picture books and reading from the same zz Then the students design the newspaper and
will increase the knowledge about different topics place the contents in it.
of the students. zz The theme based newspaper can be made once/
7 twice a month by a class.
zz On a rotational basis, during morning assembly
THEME BASED NEWSPAPER each class bears the responsibility for preparing
Introduction: The theme-based newspaper making theme-based newspaper.
is a group activity leading to self-learning as well. zz One or two children are given the responsibility
The teacher discusses the important days, birth to read the content from the newspaper.
days of famous personalities, seasons, etc in the class zz The newspapers can also be displayed class-
showing them pictures related to the same. This is wise during parent-teacher interactions so that
a scaffolding method of teaching the class. After a parents also become aware of the skills/ creativity
healthy class discussion, the teacher asks the of their children.
students to create a composition for the newspaper. zz Some interesting sections are made part of this
The students feel very excited to compose for their newspaper, like 'Dadi Maa Ke Nuskhe', Science
own newspaper. Section, Sports News etc.
Classroom Application: It is applicable from class zz To ensure maximum participation in the
third onwards. activity of the students, the teacher divides the class
Planning/Preparation: The students collect in few groups.
relevant images, information from the reading zz The students who are good in writing skills
material available at their homes. are made part of Editorial Group, students who
Implementation: are good at collecting research or information are
zz The teacher gives a theme, such as festivals/ made part of Reporter Group, the students who are
special days/ seasons like Diwali, Rakshabandhan, good at art and good handwriting are made part of
Teacher’s day, Gandhi Jayanti, Eid, Christmas, Designing Group.
Gurunanak day, Buddha poornima, Spring Season, zz The teacher delegates responsibilities to each
etc. and discusses the importance of the same. group and all the groups work in alignment with
zz She then asks the students to compose stories, others to create an interesting newspaper.
poems or paragraphs as per their wish on the topics zz The groups are created on the basis of learning
standard and strength of the class. n
Innovations Handbook 15INNOVATION 2
IMPROVING ATTENDANCE
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/02)
Often a question is raised as to how to determine the success of a student? The answer is, school attendance is the
baseline factor in determining the success of a student. The attendance rate is important because students are more
likely to succeed in academics when they attend school consistently. It becomes difficult for a teacher to bring all
the students of his/her class at the same level of understanding if students remain frequently absent from class.
Encouraging regular school attendance is one of the most powerful ways to ensure better preparation of children’s
success- both in school and in life. When attendance becomes a priority, a student moves steadily in the direction
of gaining better grades, higher education, developing healthy life habits and avoiding dangerous behavior. In the
given case study, teachers have introduced effective innovative ideas to engross students in day-to-day classroom
activities, regularising their absenteeism, and inculcating a sense of pride for attending school regularly.
NAMES OF THE INNOVATORS
1. Shreekant Pathak, Upper Primary School, Badhawa, Mirjapur, UP
2. Anjanee Kumar Singh, Government Middle School, Sewai, Simdega, Jharkhand
3. Ajeet Kumar Gupta, Ratanpura, Primary School, Atraul, Ratanpura, Mau, UP
4. Taruna, Primary School, Badal, Badaun, Uttar Pradesh
5. Virendra Kumar, Middle School Pawra, Gurua, Gaya, Bihar
6. Biswajit Das, Khudirampur, Government Middle School, Khudirampur, Andaman & Nicobar
BENEFITS OF THE INNOVATION
zz Learning is a progressive process, each day lessons contribute to a student’s intelligence and emotional quotient.
zz Regular students are more competitive in studies and reading chapters at home or completing work
independently (by being absent from school) does not compensate for the loss of the insight gained during the
16 Innovations HandbookINNOVATION 2
classroom discussion and explanation acquired by
attending the class.
zz Students with good attendance record better
marks and enjoy school more.
zz Regular school attendance encourages a
responsible pattern of behavior in students.
zz Students if develop an ‘on-job’ attitude towards
their attendance become ‘future-ready’ as an
employee too.
zz Relationship between the teacher and student
become harmonious and understanding.
advance. The leader of the group is chosen on a
IMPACT AREAS rotational basis.
Increases enrollment; reduces dropouts, and ensure
Planning/ Preparation: The teacher briefs the
regular attendance
students about the activity and divides them into
SUMMARY various groups. The groups consist of students from
The objective of all the activities is to stimulate a common area/locality. Each group has a leader.
a student engaging environment in school and The leader is chosen on a rotational basis. The
motivate the students for regular attendance. group that performs better activity receives applause
Activities like regularizing absenteeism, absentees’ during the morning assembly.
poster and rewards for regular attendees have Implementation: Depending upon the strength
immense potential. The activities can be of the class, the teacher forms groups of students.
implemented depending upon the strength and zz Each group has four or five students. These
available resources. Though the teacher takes students live nearby and are asked to come together
the lead of all the activities, students also equally to school.
participate in them. zz Each group has a leader. The duty of the leader
is to blow the whistle on his/her way to school and
ACTIVITIES in front of homes of his/her group members.
zz The group members join the leader and come
1 to school together.
zz In case any student is unable to join the group,
WHISTLE AND WALK then his/her parents need to inform the group
Introduction: This fun-filled activity turns a members about his/her absenteeism
mundane task of going to school into a fun-filled zz The leader after reaching the school marks
and energetic approach. Generally, students feel the presence to the teachers and informs about the
boredom and laziness in gearing up for school, absent student.
unless something exciting comes in their notice. In zz The teacher identifies the best group which has
‘Whistle and Walk’ the class is divided into multiple the maximum number of presence.
groups depending upon their area/locality. Then a zz The best group is announced during the
student leader is appointed from each group. The morning assembly and is applauded through
duty of the leader is to blow the whistle on his/her clapping.
way to school so that his/her classmates get to know zz This activity is conducted on a daily basis. And
that their fellow leader is on the way and they join at the end of the month the average is analyzed and
him/her for going to school. the group with maximum attendance is rewarded
Classroom Application: It is applicable for all the with a token gift, like any stationery or material
classes from primary to secondary classes. Pre- made during art and craft class.
planning about different groups needs to be done in This increases self-motivation and self-competition
Innovations Handbook 17INNOVATION 2
among groups. The spirit of team-building is also
promoted among the students.
2
SEARCH THE MISSING
(GUMSHUDHA KI TALAASH )
Introduction: There are times when students lie to
their parents and bunk school. This idea prevents
unnecessary absenteeism among students and
makes the parents aware of the absence of their
ward from school. A simple poster(s) is/are created
of the missing student(s) and are placed at the pre-
decided locations. This poster serves as a catalyst Generic Location- The posters are placed around the
and compels the absent student to join back. locality including the gram panchayat, playground,
Classroom Application: This activity is market, etc. The idea here is that the student should
instrumental for secondary and senior classes, where himself see his name as missing (Gumshuda) from
students become self-aware of themselves and their school and his parents and friends should become
environment. aware that he is bunking or not attending the
Planning/Preparation: The teacher needs to school. This way he will be self-conscious and will
inform all the students and parents in advance that start attending the school regularly.
students should attend the school on a regular basis. Specific Location- The other place to put the
If any student is absent for more than 3 days then posters is at the home of the missing student. The
an application needs to be submitted by the parents. poster is placed at the main door or gate of the
Except for emergency, leaves can be availed only student’s house.
through prior notice. Posters of missing (absent) In doing so, neighbors and parents are also
student is designed/ prepared by the students. taken into consent. The objective is that parents,
Implementation: The implementation is done in community, and teachers should work together in
three phases. making a child realize the importance of attending
Phase One- Preparation of Defaulters List: The school. It is not to humiliate an individual or family,
teacher evaluates attendance of every student and but to give a lighter solution to the situation.
those absent for more than three consecutive days It is obvious that no student wants to get this kind
are marked as defaulters. of popularity, therefore they try best not become a
Phase Two- Preparation of Posters: The list of defaulter.
defaulters is handed over to a group of students
who make the posters. The format of the poster is 3
as following-
GUMSHUDA KI TALAASH/ SEARCH THE SELFIE
MISSING Introduction: Our country is becoming digital
Name of student: India and mobile phones with internet connection
Class: are common phenomena. To share daily attendance
School: with the parent's innovative teachers are using this
Missing from : ( DATE) ……. digital wave and using a selfie as a medium to engage
Whoever finds the above person please send him/ parents too. The teacher creates a WhatsApp group
her to ____school at ___am. of the parents and shares attendance with parents
on a daily basis by clicking a selfie with students
Phase Three- Pasting of Posters: The posters present on that day. This selfie solves many issues in
are pasted at two different locations, one generic one go. Firstly, it assures the parents that their wards
location, another at the house of the missing student. have not bunked the school, secondly, when other
18 Innovations HandbookINNOVATION 2
parents see a good strength in the class they feel
responsible to send their children to school.
Classroom Application: It is applicable for all the
classes, especially the junior ones, where students
have a craze to get clicked with the teacher.
Planning/ Preparation: Teacher creates a list of
WhatsApp numbers of the parents and adds them
to a group. On this group attendance of the class is
shared on a daily basis.
Implementation: There are two steps to be followed
for a smooth execution.
Step One: The teacher asks the parents to submit If a student learns to use his/her limited resources
their whatsapp number with him/her. This list in a better way then they will surely know how to
is updated/ reviewed on a quarterly basis so that balance his/her life in the future. In this idea, leaves
contact numbers remain updated in the group and cards are issued to the students which they have to
maximum parents could be reached out. submit before taking any leave. Total 20 cards are
zz Once the list is prepared and whatsapp given to each student in an academic year. That is, a
group is created, then the second step comes into child can take 20 leaves in an academic year.
consideration. Classroom Application: Instrumental in
zz Step Two: The implementation is done on a controlling leaves in all the classes. Greater
daily basis. responsibility lies with the parents too. The parents
zz The class teacher takes attendance of the are accountable for the leave cards and have to
students and then with the students present on the submit these cards at school whenever their ward
day, takes a selfie. needs a leave.
zz The teacher sends the selfie on parents’ group. Planning/ Preparation: Teacher prepares twenty
This makes parents aware about their wards cards for each student with the help of students.
presence in school. The cards have the name and class mentioned on
zz And students feel motivated once they see their them. When the academic year starts the teacher
selfies with their teacher on a regular basis. give these cards to the parents, and explain the
zz To give this activity an expansive approach, the importance of this activity. Students are also
teacher takes it to the next level. instructed to use these cards whenever they have to
zz After a month the students from each class is take leave. For each leave, the student has to submit
selected who has the maximum attendance and a one card.
combined selfie with the principal is sent to parents Implementation: The teacher on the PTM day
group with the words of praise. gives twenty cards to each parent and informs about
zz “Selfie with the Principal” or the “Selfie with the necessity of attendance.
the class teacher” works as a boost for students and zz The teacher on the PTM day gives twenty
it propels the parents to send their wards regularly cards to each parent and informs about the necessity
to the school. of attendance.
zz She/He tells them that the performance is
4 directly related to the attendance of the child.
zz Parents have to send one card to the school
ABSENCE CONTROLLER whenever their ward takes leave.
‘LEAVE CARDS’ zz One card is equivalent to one leave. If the
Introduction: Responsible student can only student takes three leaves at a time, the parents are
become a responsible citizen. It's an idea to teach liable to send three cards.
students resource management at a very early stage. zz These twenty cards are valid for one year.
Innovations Handbook 19INNOVATION 2
zz Whenever a student takes a leave he needs to
deposit one card to the teacher.
zz The teacher keeps track of each student about
the leaves he has taken by maintaining a register.
zz The responsibility of making entries in
the register is shared by the students and cards
submitted by the absent students and kept in a box.
zz To tally the class attendance or to get at an
average presence of students in a quarter or in a year,
the cards deposited in the box are tallied with the
entries in the register.
zz In this way students not only become and games.
responsible for maintaining their leaves, but also Implementation: Through a game of Cricket:
through simple calculations sharpen their mental zz The class with the lowest attendance, after the
maths too. morning assembly is asked to play a game of cricket.
zz The student who has takes minimum leaves is zz Once they start playing the game is stopped in
appreciated/awarded at the end of the session. the middle ie after around four overs.
zz When the students come next day they have to
5 continue the game from where they have left.
zz This creates the interest in all the students
IT’S NOT OVER YET/
and they are forced to be present in school daily to
"AB TO SCHOOL AANA PADEGA" finish of the game.
Introduction: Games always make students excited
zz It's the teachers responsibility here that the
and good teacher can use their craze for games to
students should not complete the game fully and
get better outcome from his class.. Cricket is now a
should leave the game at some point of interest.
days soul for all young boys and they are ready to do
The selection of game can be done on the basis of
everything for it. It can be implemented with other
strength of the class/ season and available facilities
games as well as story narrating too. The teachers
zz Through Story Narration: As per planner,
in this activity use this simple concept to increase
the teacher engages the class in a story narration or
the attendance of their class. But there is a catch!
in games, but the activity is not completed. On an
The game or the story played on a particular day is
interesting note, the teacher stops the narration or
carried to the next day, and students feel hooked-on
game to be completed the next day.
to come the next day.
zz For example- Teacher starts reading ‘Thirsty
Classroom Application: Although this idea can be
Crow’, and before the climax, he/she stops the
used with all ages but better results are expected in
narration.
senior classes (above 5th). Maximum participation
zz The students feel curious to know the end.
of the class can be done through various games and
Then the teacher says that the end of the story will
stories too..
be disclosed next day.
Planning/Preparation: Teachers check the
zz Next day, the teacher not only completes the
attendance of every class. Whichever class is found
story, but he/she also starts narration of a new story
with lowest attendance is given a chance to play
so that curiosity never dies down.
cricket in the morning. The class is divided into two
The students can also be involved with this activity
groups for the gaming activity.
through indoor games such a ludo or snake and
And if the teacher chose to engage students through
ladder too.
stories, she selects a variety of stories. As a weekly
These games not only engage students but also
planner, the days are divided into story narration
teach fundamental maths and other subjects. n
20 Innovations HandbookINNOVATION 3
CLEAN NATION,
HEALTHY NATION
(INNOVATION CODE- TIA/19/03)
A healthy nation is a wealthy nation, and health is directly linked with cleanliness and sanitation. Typically saying,
healthcare is defined as the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and management of disease, illness, injury, and the
preservation of physical and mental well-being. These aspects can be taken care of with increased awareness and
inclination for a cleaner self and environment. Interestingly, healthier and cleaner behavioral habits should be a
part of the day-to-day life. However, due to lack of awareness and resources young children are unable to
understand the importance of cleanliness and health. Therefore, the role of school and teachers become far more
important in bringing a revolutionary change in a child’s existing unhealthy habits and behavior. This outcome is
achieved by involving community and parents of the students, wherein elders of the family, members of the
community and especially women are made a part of the activities. Most importantly, these activities bring a
change in attitude in students and community towards realizing a big goal, that is, Clean Nation, Healthy Nation.
NAMES OF THE INNOVATORS
1. Amit Kumar Tiwari, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Bundi, Rajasthan
2. Geetu Gupta, AMSS, Ramgarh, Pandwa, Kaithal, Haryana
3. Shweta Mishra, Primary School, Kishorpur, Kasganj, Uttar Pradesh
4. Ajeet Kumar Gupta, Primary School Atraul Pandey, Ratanpura, Uttar Pradesh
5. Rajkumar S, Indira Gandhi Govt High School, Katterikuppam, Puducherry
BENEFITS OF THIS INNOVATION
zz Of all the advantages, the most important is that clean environment maximizes learning experience among
Innovations Handbook 21INNOVATION 3
children, as they find clean surroundings more
welcoming for learning and studying.
zz Maintaining cleanliness in school reduces the
number of absenteeism of students due to sickness.
zz This activity increases the productivity of
teachers too. They perform their jobs better when
they aren’t distracted by substandard surroundings.
Teachers are more productive when they interact
with children in healthy and clean classrooms.
zz The parents and community feel more
responsible for their children’s education and
cleanliness of community when involved in
awareness campaigns.
Keeping this in mind, a zero-investment model of
zz When children give attention to their
constructing temporary toilets out of waste plastic
cleanliness and hygiene they grow up in becoming bottles is created. This model has a high potential
healthy and progressive citizens. of replication and can be used as a temporary
solution to a situation where toilets are non-
IMPACT AREAS functional or under-construction.
Creates a healthy and clean environment in school, Classroom Application: Students learn ways to
fosters progressive and positive outlook in children. use waste material like plastic bottles available at
school/homes.
SUMMARY Planning/Preparation: The teacher collects plastic
Each activity is unique in concept and is bottles, preferably of 20-liter capacity, and trains the
implemented as per the problem to be resolved. The students to make temporary toilets.
initiatives require the support of parents and Implementation: The steps to implement this
community too. activity are simple and easy.
Step One: Collection of waste plastic bottles
zz The teacher appeals to students and community
ACTIVITIES members to collect and donate 20-liter plastic
1 bottles to the school
Step Two: Making of urinals
TEMPORARY TOILETS zz A plastic bottle- 20 liters upside down which
CONSTRUCTED OUT OF WASTE resembles a urinal.
PLASTIC BOTTLES zz When the bottles are cut longitudinally they
Introduction: Does the cleanliness of a school form urinals.
campus really have an impact on a child’s academic zz These cut-out bottles are painted with dark
performance? Definitely, it does. For any kind of color.
learning institution, from preschools to universities, zz A pipe is connected at the mouth of the bottle
an untidy and unhygienic environment can be for drainage.
harmful to students’ learning experience and Step Three: Creating temporary toilets
progress. Keeping school buildings and school zz Once the urinals are made, work of setting up
playgrounds neat and tidy helps to sustain and of the toilet and fixing the urinals begin.
safeguard the health and safety of students. Schools zz The wall of the toilets are coloured in dark
are places where germs and diseases spread quickly colour.
and easily. With a large number of students zz The bottles are nailed vertically.
engaging in collective learning activities, harmful zz A drainage system is created by linking pipes
microbes can make many of them fall sick rapidly. connected to the bottleneck. Pipes were stuck to
22 Innovations HandbookINNOVATION 3
the bottom of the containers and these were linked
directly to the drainage pipes in the toilets so that
the discharge flowed directly into the drains.
This model is replicable at schools and community
with poor infrastructure.
2
PROMOTING ANALYSIS AND
AWARENESS
Introduction: As a teacher, it is important to
encourage students to analytic thinking. This skill in this exercise.
inculcates the ability to apply logical thinking to zz The teacher prepares a sample survey sheet
break down a complex situation into smaller for the students. The survey sheet contains simple
components in order to solve a problem. It is objective questions and answers.
important to achieve success in academics as well as zz He/she draws the questionnaire on the
in life. In this activity, the teacher encourages the blackboard and all the students note them in their
students to conduct a survey, analyze the data and copies.
find solutions to the problem. The genesis of the zz Few examples of questions are- Is there a toilet
idea came from a lack of sanitation and cleanliness at your home? Do you use the toilet regularly? Is
in the area. The teacher observed that students did the toilet clean? Do you wash hands after using the
not use the toilet of the school and urinated in toilet?
open. Open urination and defecation lead to health zz The students, depending upon the strength
problems and foul smell. The teacher knew that to of the class, are divided into multiple groups. Each
improve the situation behavioral change is required. group consists of 3 to 5 students who live in a
Thus to inculcate a logical thinking process in common area/lane/locality.
children and community the teacher gave students zz Each group has to conduct the survey by asking
a simple survey sheet and instructed them to collect these questions to as many possible people in their
data, and on the basis of that involved them in families and neighbors.
taking possible steps to increase the awareness on zz On average each group submits answers of 30
people.
health and hygiene in the school and community.
zz On the basis of the answers, a conclusion is
Classroom Application: Instrumental in making drawn on the availability and use of toilets in the
students analytical and inculcating a problem- given area.
solving ability in them, creates a cleaner and zz Similarly, each group submits its data and
healthier environment, makes the community and report and the teacher discusses them with the class.
students responsible for environment protection. zz Once, all the reports are discussed, a
Planning/Preparation: The students prepare consolidated report is created. Based on the
survey sheets, do analytical reporting of the data outcome the next strategy is decided by the teachers
and then make plans to take required action. The and students collectively.
planning and implementation are done as per the zz For example, the survey says that the majority
learning level and age group of the students. This of the households in the area do not have toilets,
activity is appropriate for middle and senior students or despite toilets, they preferred to go for open
can be conducted on a quarterly basis. defecation. Therefore, to make people aware and
promote good hygienic habits, students and teachers
Implementation: The teacher with an objective of
conduct an awareness drive.
creating a cleaner environment for the children
zz Educating Community and parents on proper
plans to conduct a survey. Teacher involves students
Innovations Handbook 23INNOVATION 3
usage of toilets: It is being observed that people,
despite toilets at home, do not know how to use,
maintain and clean. Parents are invited to school in
a P.T.M and were asked to construct toilets at their
homes. Those who have toilets have a home are
told simple methods to clean and maintain them.
Generally, people do not use toilets because of some
behavioral issues. They assume that sharing toilets
is impure activity and some feel suffocated in the
closed defecation. The teacher bursts the myths
and explains the importance of closed defecation.
The government schemes related to sanitation are
introduced to them. They are asked to coordinate
with the government authorities and related address of the students. However, it is being observed that
and phone numbers are shared. these simple habits are not easily adapted by the
zz To make everyone realize the importance children. A teacher observed that her students came
of toilets, for defecation and urination a plan was to school in untidy uniform and uncombed hair,
devised. Students were divided into groups and unwashed face. The poor personal hygiene of the
work was divided. They were asked to collect children disturbed the teacher. She started an
information about sanitation and hygiene from initiative in her classroom, wherein, she appreciated
various government offices, doctors and other and rewarded those students who came neat and
learned members of the society. clean in the school. This idea turned into a success
zz Community Awareness Drive: Street plays and she was able to inculcate good habits in her
based on health hazards of open defecation and
students.
improper sanitation are presented in front of the
Classroom Application: The activity is applicable
community. Various health issues caused by this bad
practice are demonstrated through dramas, speeches to all the classes fosters good behavior and personal
and other cultural activities. habits in students.
zz Assisting Community: The application forms Planning/Preparation: The students are informed
from the BDO office are collected and distributed about the activity. The teacher prepares a ‘cleanliness
among those who do not have a toilet at home. kit’ consist of soap, oil, comb, towel, talcum powder,
zz Meeting with doctors, health officials: The handkerchief, etc.
officials are also invited to the school for an Implementation: The teacher announces that
interactive session with students. cleanliness register is maintained in the class on a
zz The entire process of study and research creates daily basis.
great value in students’ life. The students learn by zz The register has two columns. Column ‘A’ will
collecting data and information and drawing a
have names of the students who come neat and
conclusion. Interacting with government officials,
clean to the school.
doctors and then share the same with other
students, parents, and members of the community zz Column ‘B’ will have names of those who come
is an enriching experience for them. untidy and without taking a bath to school.
zz The students who regularly maintain their
personal hygiene are applauded on a daily basis.
3 zz The student(s) who come neat and clean on a
maximum number of days in a week are presented
CLEANLINESS KIT
with ‘Cleanliness Kit’.
Introduction: “Healthy mind resides in a healthy
zz This activity acts a daily competition in
body”. Promotion of good personal-hygienic
students and they feel motivated to take care of
practices is instrumental in the overall development
their personal hygiene on a daily basis.
24 Innovations Handbookzz Demonstration was given for the application of
INNOVATION 3
sanitary pads.
zz The teacher demonstrated the functioning of
the sanitary pad vending machine and ensured that
each girl of the school learns how to use the vending
machine.
4 zz The steps to use vending machine are simple-
A two rupee coin is inserted in the machine. The
BASIC HYGIENE DURING machine is automated to recognise a two rupee coin.
MENSTRUATION CYCLE As soon as the machine recognises the coin, a pad
Introduction: India has seen an array of movements comes out of the vending window.
about menstrual hygiene and sanitation. The zz This demonstration fosters confidence in
taboos associated with menstruation cycle is still young girls and they confidently use the machine.
accommodated in society and should be removed. Mothers- Teacher Interaction: The teacher
The menstruation taboos and beliefs have almost conducts session for the mothers and women
crippled women with chronic reproductive members of the community. In this session, the
infections in both rural and urban areas. Therefore, teacher informs them about the importance of
a constructive talk and focused discussion is using sanitary pads and also about the vending
important to educate young girls and women of the machine installed at school’s washroom.
community to have better knowledge and awareness
about menstrual cycle.
5
Classroom Application: It is applicable for
Secondary classes. During PTM, special sessions SELFIE OF THE DAY
for girls, their mothers and women of the community Introduction: Clicking selfie is a craze and
are conducted. students find it an honour to be clicked with their
Planning/Preparation: Weekly session of girls and teacher. In this activity, the students who come
session for mothers on the second Saturday of the neat and clean to the school get a chance to be
month, preferably on PTM. clicked with their teacher. This selfie is send on
Implementation: A teacher observed that despite whatsapp group of parents of the students so that
of sanitary pads vending machine installed at they also realize the importance of personal
school’s washroom, the school girls did not use hygiene of their wards.
them. This was due to lack of awareness about Classroom Application: The activity is applicable
menstruation hygiene among girls. Also, the girl for all the classes, promotes a sense of responsibility
students suffered from multiple infections, and in students towards their personal hygiene.
other health issues as they used old dirty clothes Planning/Preparation: Applicable for parents
during menstruation. A proper guidance and with smart phones and whatsapp application.
knowledge was essential to bring the girls out of Implementation: The teacher asks the students to
myths, and follow hygienic practices during submit whatsapp numbers of their parents and on
menstruation. Thus, the teacher conducted multiple the basis of it a whatsapp group is created by the
awareness campaigns-
Girls- Teacher Interaction: Talking about teacher.
menstruation is seen as a taboo in the society. To zz Each student is instructed to come neat and
tackle this, multiple interactive sessions between girls tidy to the school.
and teacher are conducted. The teacher educates girls zz The students who come tidy and clicked
on the importance of using clean sanitary pads and together in a selfie with the teacher.
the usage of sanitary vending machine installed at zz This activity creates a lot of interest in
the washroom. students and the students become self-aware of
zz Girls were made aware about the biological their hygiene.
process of menstruation cycle zz The teacher circulates the selfie among parents
zz They were shown documentaries/films/videos on a daily basis. The parents whose children do not
regarding menstruation cycle and related hygiene. come tidy realize the importance of it and start
zz They were informed about the various diseases taking care of their wards personal hygiene.
and infections caused due to lack of hygiene. zz This simple innovation leads to behavioral
changes in students. n
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